1
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Habib RS, Alhaaik AG. Age-related glomerular histogenesis in inbred indigenous rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A morphological, morphometrical, and immunohistochemical study with emphasis on Lgr5-positive cells. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151994. [PMID: 36610219 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the regeneration of renal glomeruli and nephrons after injuries especially in adult mammals is not possible, understanding normal glomerular histogenesis is important. Here, we sought to study the morphometrical and histological development of the normal renal glomeruli of rabbits from birth until postnatal day 40. Moreover, we immunohistochemically evaluated the extent and rate of the Lgr5 expression in the immature renal stem/progenitor cells. The untreated, clinically healthy inbred indigenous rabbits (from Duhok city of Iraqi Kurdistan) were sacrificed at postnatal days 1, 10, 15, 30, and 40. After being processed and embedded in paraffin, rabbit anti-human Lgr5 as a primary antibody and rabbit ImmunoCruz LSAB as a staining kit were used for the immunohistochemical detection of Lgr5+ve cells. For normal histology, hematoxylin and eosin were used. The peak generation and regression of renal corpuscles were at postnatal days 10, and 40, respectively, with 50% decrease. The glomeruli diameter significantly increased (1.3-fold, p = 0.001), whereas the Bowman's space diameter decreased (50%, p < 0.0001) from postnatal day 1-40. The immature nephrons were seen only in one-day postnatal rabbits. While the superficial glomeruli were compact and small, the juxtamedullary glomeruli were larger and segmented. The formation and development of the juxtaglomerular apparatus were documented at postnatal days 30 and 40 only. Our data revealed highly expressed Lgr5 protein at postnatal day one, and the expression level decreased gradually with advancing age. It was moderately expressed on day 10 and mildly expressed on day 15, whereas no expression was recorded on days 30 and 40 postnatally. Our study provides evidence that the Lgr5 gene, within multipotent stem cells and their lineage progeny, was activated within newly formed glomeruli throughout the early postnatal stages of nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Saber Habib
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Ammar Ghanim Alhaaik
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul City, Iraq.
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2
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Kohl S, Avni FE, Boor P, Capone V, Clapp WL, De Palma D, Harris T, Heidet L, Hilger AC, Liapis H, Lilien M, Manzoni G, Montini G, Negrisolo S, Pierrat MJ, Raes A, Reutter H, Schreuder MF, Weber S, Winyard PJD, Woolf AS, Schaefer F, Liebau MC. Definition, diagnosis and clinical management of non-obstructive kidney dysplasia: a consensus statement by the ERKNet Working Group on Kidney Malformations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2351-2362. [PMID: 35772019 PMCID: PMC9681917 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney dysplasia is one of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney failure in children. While dysplasia is a histological diagnosis, the term 'kidney dysplasia' is frequently used in daily clinical life without histopathological confirmation. Clinical parameters of kidney dysplasia have not been clearly defined, leading to imprecise communication amongst healthcare professionals and patients. This lack of consensus hampers precise disease understanding and the development of specific therapies. Based on a structured literature search, we here suggest a common basis for clinical, imaging, genetic, pathological and basic science aspects of non-obstructive kidney dysplasia associated with functional kidney impairment. We propose to accept hallmark sonographic findings as surrogate parameters defining a clinical diagnosis of dysplastic kidneys. We suggest differentiated clinical follow-up plans for children with kidney dysplasia and summarize established monogenic causes for non-obstructive kidney dysplasia. Finally, we point out and discuss research gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fred E Avni
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille University Hospitals, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany,Medical Clinic II (Nephrology and Immunology), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Valentina Capone
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Diego De Palma
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, ASST-settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Tess Harris
- The Polycystic Kidney Disease Charity, London, UK
| | - Laurence Heidet
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France,APHP, Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence MARHEA, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helen Liapis
- Nephrology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Lilien
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gianantonio Manzoni
- Pediatric Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Negrisolo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pierrat
- Federation of European Patient Groups affected by Rare/Genetic Kidney Diseases (FEDERG), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Raes
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Marburg Kidney Research Center, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul J D Winyard
- University College London Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Li A, Cunanan J, Khalili H, Plageman T, Ask K, Khan A, Hunjan A, Drysdale T, Bridgewater D. Shroom3, a Gene Associated with CKD, Modulates Epithelial Recovery after AKI. KIDNEY360 2021; 3:51-62. [PMID: 35368578 PMCID: PMC8967620 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003802021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemia-induced AKI resulting in tubular damage can often progress to CKD and is a common cause of nephrology consultation. After renal tubular epithelial damage, molecular and cellular mechanisms are activated to repair and regenerate the damaged epithelium. If these mechanisms are impaired, AKI can progress to CKD. Even in patients whose kidney function returns to normal baseline are more likely to develop CKD. Genome-wide association studies have provided robust evidence that genetic variants in Shroom3, which encodes an actin-associated protein, are associated with CKD and poor outcomes in transplanted kidneys. Here, we sought to further understand the associations of Shroom3 in CKD. Methods Kidney ischemia was induced in wild-type (WT) and Shroom3 heterozygous null mice (Shroom3Gt/+ ) and the mechanisms of cellular recovery and repair were examined. Results A 28-minute bilateral ischemia in Shroom3Gt/+ mice resulted in 100% mortality within 24 hours. After 22-minute ischemic injury, Shroom3Gt/+ mice had a 16% increased mortality, worsened kidney function, and significantly worse histopathology, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis after injury. The cortical tubular damage in Shroom3Gt/+ was associated with disrupted epithelial redifferentiation, disrupted Rho-kinase/myosin signaling, and disorganized apical F-actin. Analysis of MDCK cells showed the levels of Shroom3 are directly correlated to apical organization of actin and actomyosin regulators. Conclusion These findings establish that Shroom3 is required for epithelial repair and redifferentiation through the organization of actomyosin regulators, and could explain why genetic variants in Shroom3 are associated with CKD and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joanna Cunanan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hadiseh Khalili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ahsan Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ashmeet Hunjan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thomas Drysdale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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4
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Dumbrava MG, Lacanlale JL, Rowan CJ, Rosenblum ND. Transforming growth factor beta signaling functions during mammalian kidney development. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1663-1672. [PMID: 32880018 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling during embryogenesis is implicated in severe congenital abnormalities, including kidney malformations. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie congenital kidney malformations related to TGFβ signaling remain poorly understood. Here, we review current understanding of the lineage-specific roles of TGFβ signaling during kidney development and how dysregulation of TGFβ signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of kidney malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Dumbrava
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jon L Lacanlale
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher J Rowan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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5
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Klimova NV, Oshchepkova E, Chadaeva I, Sharypova E, Ponomarenko P, Drachkova I, Rasskazov D, Oshchepkov D, Ponomarenko M, Savinkova L, Kolchanov NA, Kozlov V. Disruptive Selection of Human Immunostimulatory and Immunosuppressive Genes Both Provokes and Prevents Rheumatoid Arthritis, Respectively, as a Self-Domestication Syndrome. Front Genet 2021; 12:610774. [PMID: 34239535 PMCID: PMC8259950 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.610774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using our previously published Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator, we conducted a genome-wide study of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within core promoters of 68 human rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related genes. Using 603 SNPs within 25 genes clinically associated with RA-comorbid disorders, we predicted 84 and 70 candidate SNP markers for overexpression and underexpression of these genes, respectively, among which 58 and 96 candidate SNP markers, respectively, can relieve and worsen RA as if there is a neutral drift toward susceptibility to RA. Similarly, we predicted natural selection toward susceptibility to RA for 8 immunostimulatory genes (e.g., IL9R) and 10 genes most often associated with RA (e.g., NPY). On the contrary, using 25 immunosuppressive genes, we predicted 70 and 109 candidate SNP markers aggravating and relieving RA, respectively (e.g., IL1R2 and TGFB2), suggesting that natural selection can simultaneously additionally yield resistance to RA. We concluded that disruptive natural selection of human immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes is concurrently elevating and reducing the risk of RA, respectively. So, we hypothesize that RA in human could be a self-domestication syndrome referring to evolution patterns in domestic animals. We tested this hypothesis by means of public RNA-Seq data on 1740 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of pets vs. wild animals (e.g., dogs vs. wolves). The number of DEGs in the domestic animals corresponding to worsened RA condition in humans was significantly larger than that in the related wild animals (10 vs. 3). Moreover, much less DEGs in the domestic animals were accordant to relieved RA condition in humans than those in the wild animals (1 vs. 8 genes). This indicates that the anthropogenic environment, in contrast to a natural one, affects gene expression across the whole genome (e.g., immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive genes) in a manner that likely contributes to RA. The difference in gene numbers is statistically significant as confirmed by binomial distribution (p < 0.01), Pearson's χ2 (p < 0.01), and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). This allows us to propose RA as a candidate symptom within a self-domestication syndrome. Such syndrome might be considered as a human's payment with health for the benefits received during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Klimova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Oshchepkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sharypova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Petr Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Drachkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3641. [PMID: 34131121 PMCID: PMC8206157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current kidney organoids model development and diseases of the nephron but not the contiguous epithelial network of the kidney’s collecting duct (CD) system. Here, we report the generation of an expandable, 3D branching ureteric bud (UB) organoid culture model that can be derived from primary UB progenitors from mouse and human fetal kidneys, or generated de novo from human pluripotent stem cells. In chemically-defined culture conditions, UB organoids generate CD organoids, with differentiated principal and intercalated cells adopting spatial assemblies reflective of the adult kidney’s collecting system. Aggregating 3D-cultured nephron progenitor cells with UB organoids in vitro results in a reiterative process of branching morphogenesis and nephron induction, similar to kidney development. Applying an efficient gene editing strategy to remove RET activity, we demonstrate genetically modified UB organoids can model congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Taken together, these platforms will facilitate an enhanced understanding of development, regeneration and diseases of the mammalian collecting duct system. Here, the authors model the collecting duct system in kidneys by taking ureteric bud (UB) progenitor cells from both mouse and human primary tissues, as well as from hESC and hiPSC to generate organoids, which can model congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
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7
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Huffstater T, Merryman WD, Gewin LS. Wnt/β-Catenin in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2021; 40:126-137. [PMID: 32303276 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) portends a poor clinical prognosis and increases the risk for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently, there are no therapies to treat AKI or prevent its progression to CKD. Wnt/β-catenin is a critical regulator of kidney development that is up-regulated after injury. Most of the literature support a beneficial role for Wnt/β-catenin in AKI, but suggest that this pathway promotes the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of CKD progression. We review the role of Wnt/β-catenin in renal injury with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic target in AKI and in AKI to CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
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8
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Abstract
The kidney plays an integral role in filtering the blood-removing metabolic by-products from the body and regulating blood pressure. This requires the establishment of large numbers of efficient and specialized blood filtering units (nephrons) that incorporate a system for vascular exchange and nutrient reabsorption as well as a collecting duct system to remove waste (urine) from the body. Kidney development is a dynamic process which generates these structures through a delicately balanced program of self-renewal and commitment of nephron progenitor cells that inhabit a constantly evolving cellular niche at the tips of a branching ureteric "tree." The former cells build the nephrons and the latter the collecting duct system. Maintaining these processes across fetal development is critical for establishing the normal "endowment" of nephrons in the kidney and perturbations to this process are associated both with mutations in integral genes and with alterations to the fetal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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9
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Sene LDB, Scarano WR, Zapparoli A, Gontijo JAR, Boer PA. Impact of gestational low-protein intake on embryonic kidney microRNA expression and in nephron progenitor cells of the male fetus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246289. [PMID: 33544723 PMCID: PMC7864410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we have demonstrated that gestational low-protein (LP) intake offspring present lower birth weight, reduced nephron numbers, renal salt excretion, arterial hypertension, and renal failure development compared to regular protein (NP) intake rats in adulthood. We evaluated the expression of various miRNAs and predicted target genes in the kidney in gestational 17-days LP (DG-17) fetal metanephros to identify molecular pathways involved in the proliferation and differentiation of renal embryonic or fetal cells. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were classified into two groups based on protein supply during pregnancy: NP (regular protein diet, 17%) or LP diet (6%). Renal miRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) performed on the MiSeq platform, RT-qPCR of predicted target genes, immunohistochemistry, and morphological analysis of 17-DG NP and LP offspring were performed using previously described methods. RESULTS A total of 44 miRNAs, of which 19 were up and 25 downregulated, were identified in 17-DG LP fetuses compared to age-matched NP offspring. We selected 7 miRNAs involved in proliferation, differentiation, and cellular apoptosis. Our findings revealed reduced cell number and Six-2 and c-Myc immunoreactivity in metanephros cap (CM) and ureter bud (UB) in 17-DG LP fetuses. Ki-67 immunoreactivity in CM was 48% lesser in LP compared to age-matched NP fetuses. Conversely, in LP CM and UB, β-catenin was 154%, and 85% increased, respectively. Furthermore, mTOR immunoreactivity was higher in LP CM (139%) and UB (104%) compared to that in NP offspring. TGFβ-1 positive cells in the UB increased by approximately 30% in the LP offspring. Moreover, ZEB1 metanephros-stained cells increased by 30% in the LP offspring. ZEB2 immunofluorescence, although present in the entire metanephros, was similar in both experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal protein restriction changes the expression of miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during renal development. Renal ontogenic dysfunction, caused by maternal protein restriction, promotes reduced reciprocal interaction between CM and UB; consequently, a programmed and expressive decrease in nephron number occurs in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Barros Sene
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Zapparoli
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Quercetin treatment reduces the severity of renal dysplasia in a beta-catenin dependent manner. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234375. [PMID: 32555682 PMCID: PMC7299361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysplasia, the major cause of childhood renal failure, is characterized by defective branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis. Beta-catenin, a transcription factor and cell adhesion molecule, is markedly increased in the nucleus of kidney cells in human renal dysplasia and contributes to its pathogenesis by altering target genes that are essential for kidney development. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, reduces nuclear beta-catenin levels and reduces beta-catenin transcriptional activity. In this study, we utilized wild type and dysplastic mouse kidney organ explants to determine if quercetin reduces beta-catenin activity during kidney development and whether it improves the severity of renal dysplasia. In wild type kidney explants, quercetin treatment resulted in abnormal branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis in a dose dependent manner. In wild type embryonic kidneys, quercetin reduced nuclear beta-catenin expression and decreased expression of beta-catenin target genes Pax2, Six2, and Gdnf, which are essential for kidney development. Our RDB mouse model of renal dysplasia recapitulates the overexpression of beta-catenin and histopathological changes observed in human renal dysplasia. RDB kidneys treated with quercetin resulted in improvements in the overall histopathology, tissue organization, ureteric branching morphogenesis, and nephrogenesis. Quercetin treatment also resulted in reduced nuclear beta-catenin and reduced Pax2 expression. These improvements were associated with the proper organization of vimentin, NCAM, and E-cadherin, and a 45% increase in the number of developing and maturing nephrons. Further, our results show that in human renal dysplasia, beta-catenin, vimentin, and e-cadherin also have abnormal expression patterns. Taken together, these data demonstrate that quercetin treatment reduces nuclear beta-catenin and this is associated with improved epithelial organization of developing nephrons, resulting in increased developing nephrons and a partial rescue of renal dysplasia.
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11
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Hilliard SA, Li Y, Dixon A, El-Dahr SS. Mdm4 controls ureteric bud branching via regulation of p53 activity. Mech Dev 2020; 163:103616. [PMID: 32464196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antagonism between Mdm2 and its close homolog Mdm4 (also known as MdmX) and p53 is vital for embryogenesis and organogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated that targeted disruption of Mdm2 in the Hoxb7+ ureteric bud (Ub) lineage, which gives rise to the renal collecting system, causes renal hypodysplasia culminating in perinatal lethality. In this study, we examine the unique role of Mdm4 in establishing the collecting duct system of the murine kidney. Hoxb7Cre driven loss of Mdm4 in the Ub lineage (UbMdm4-/-) disrupts branching morphogenesis and triggers UB cell apoptosis. UbMdm4-/- kidneys exhibit abnormally dilated Ub tips while the medulla is hypoplastic. These structural alterations result in secondary depletion of nephron progenitors and nascent nephrons. As a result, newborn UbMdm4-/- mice have hypo-dysplastic kidneys. Transcriptional profiling revealed downregulation of the Ret-tyrosine kinase pathway components, Gdnf, Wnt11, Sox8, Etv4 and Cxcr4 in the UbMdm4-/- mice relative to controls. Moreover, the expression levels of the canonical Wnt signaling members Axin2 and Wnt9b are downregulated. Mdm4 deletion upregulated p53 activity and p53-target gene expression including Cdkn1a (p21), Gdf15, Ccng1, PERP, and Fas. Germline loss of p53 in UbMdm4-/- mice largely rescues kidney development and terminal differentiation of the collecting duct. We conclude that Mdm4 plays a unique and vital role in Ub branching morphogenesis and collecting system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Hilliard
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Yuwen Li
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Angelina Dixon
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
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12
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Osaki Y, Scarfe L, Yang H, Phillips-Mignemi M, Tonello J, Saito-Diaz K, Neelisetty S, Ivanova A, Huffstater T, McMahon R, Taketo MM, deCaestecker M, Kasinath B, Harris RC, Lee E, Gewin LS. Tubular β-catenin and FoxO3 interactions protect in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135454. [PMID: 32369448 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in renal development and is reexpressed in the injured kidney and other organs. β-Catenin signaling is protective in acute kidney injury (AKI) through actions on the proximal tubule, but the current dogma is that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes fibrosis and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the role of proximal tubular β-catenin signaling in CKD remains unclear, we genetically stabilized (i.e., activated) β-catenin specifically in murine proximal tubules. Mice with increased tubular β-catenin signaling were protected in 2 murine models of AKI to CKD progression. Oxidative stress, a common feature of CKD, reduced the conventional T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-dependent β-catenin signaling and augmented FoxO3-dependent activity in proximal tubule cells in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of proximal tubular β-catenin in renal injury required the presence of FoxO3 in vivo. Furthermore, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase as a potentially novel transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 interactions in the proximal tubule. Thus, our studies overturned the conventional dogma about β-catenin signaling and CKD by showing a protective effect of proximal tubule β-catenin in CKD and identified a potentially new transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 signaling that has therapeutic potential for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu-Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie Phillips-Mignemi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane Tonello
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert McMahon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark deCaestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Li Y, Gong H, Ding J, Zhao F, Du J, Wan J, Zhang J, Liu S, Li J, Wang L, Zhou B. Inhibition of GSK3 Represses the Expression of Retinoic Acid Synthetic Enzyme ALDH1A2 via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in WiT49 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:94. [PMID: 32258025 PMCID: PMC7092725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis, including renal development, requires an appropriate retinoic acid concentration, which is established by differential expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2) and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A/B/C member 1 (CYP26A1/B1/C1). In the fetal kidney, ALDH1A2 expresses in the developing stroma and renal vesicle and its derivatives but does not present in the ureteric bud. It remains unclear what may contribute to this expression pattern. Here we show that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3A/B) inhibitor CHIR99021 significantly represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49, which is a Wilms’ tumor cell line that exhibits “triphasic” differential potential and is used as a fetal kidney cell model. CHIR99021 fails to suppress ALDH1A2 as β-catenin is inhibited, suggesting that the downregulation of ALDH1A2 by CHIR99021 is through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ectopic expression of mouse Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt4, and Wnt9b represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49 cells. Using immunohistochemistry, we show an inverse correlation of Aldh1a2 expression with β-catenin in rat E18.5 kidney. ChIP demonstrated that β-catenin is recruited to the ALDH1A2 promoter, the conserved intron1G, and another site within intron 1 of ALDH1A2. Using a luciferase assay, we further show that the ALDH1A2 promoter and the intron1G element are involved in the repression of ALDH1A2 expression by CHIR99021. Our work demonstrates that ALDH1A2 expression can be directly repressed by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fetal kidney cells, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin may play a role in maintaining the expression pattern of ALDH1A2 in the fetal kidney, thus controlling the availability and localization of retinoic acid and regulating aspects of kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ding
- Department of Stomotology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fujuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihui Du
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Abstract
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a highly diverse group of diseases that together belong to the most common abnormalities detected in the new-born child. Consistent with this diversity, CAKUT are caused by mutations in a large number of genes and present a wide spectrum of phenotypes. In this review, we will focus on duplex kidneys, a relatively frequent form of CAKUT that is often asymptomatic but predisposes to vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis. We will summarise the molecular programs responsible for ureter induction, review the genes that have been identified as risk factors in duplex kidney formation and discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms that may lead to this malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Kozlov
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Cote d'Azur, Centre de Biochimie, UFR Sciences, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, 06108, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Cote d'Azur, Centre de Biochimie, UFR Sciences, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex 2, 06108, France
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15
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Kuure S, Sariola H. Mouse Models of Congenital Kidney Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:109-136. [PMID: 32304071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects, which cause the majority of chronic kidney diseases in children. CAKUT covers a wide range of malformations that derive from deficiencies in embryonic kidney and lower urinary tract development, including renal aplasia, hypodysplasia, hypoplasia, ectopia, and different forms of ureter abnormalities. The majority of the genetic causes of CAKUT remain unknown. Research on mutant mice has identified multiple genes that critically regulate renal differentiation. The data generated from this research have served as an excellent resource to identify the genetic bases of human kidney defects and have led to significantly improved diagnostics. Furthermore, genetic data from human CAKUT studies have also revealed novel genes regulating kidney differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Kuure
- GM-Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Sariola
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Paediatric Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Chong WC, Cain JE. Lessons learned from the developmental origins of childhood renal cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2561-2577. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chin Chong
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jason E. Cain
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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17
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Shi W, Dong J, Liang Y, Liu K, Peng Y. NR4A1 silencing protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway in old mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104303. [PMID: 31465766 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a major cause of acute kidney injury as well as a contributor to a rapid kidney dysfunction and high mortality rates, is a complex yet not fully understood process. Investigation on the underlying molecular mechanism including the inflammation initiation and progression can help to have a better understanding of the disease, and thereby lead to a potential therapeutic approach. We established renal IRI mouse model groups differing in their ages. These renal IRI mice were treated either only with si-nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1) or together with si-β-catenin by tail vein injection to analyze the role of NR4A1 and β-catenin in the development of renal IRI. Serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were examined for renal function analysis. Levels of the apoptosis markers B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated protein X (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 were determined. NR4A1 gene was up-regulated in the renal tissues of all mice with IRI, which showed a much higher level in the old mice with IRI. si-NR4A1 treatment resulted in reduced SCr and BUN levels and a decrease of cell apoptosis, indicated by lower expression of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3, while in contrast increased levels of Bcl-2 were detected. Interestingly, also the β-catenin level was increased by knockdown of NR4A1. Furthermore, si-β-catenin reversed the effect of knockdown of NR4A1, leading to aggravated renal function damage, severe pathological injury and increased apoptosis. Thus, silencing NR4A1 ameliorates renal IRI via β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Down-regulated NR4A1 confirms renoprotective properties against renal IRI via the activation of β-catenin signaling pathway in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Renal Research Institute of Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410006, PR China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, PR China
| | - Kanghan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410002, PR China
| | - Youming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Renal Research Institute of Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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18
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Song R, Kidd L, Janssen A, Yosypiv IV. Conditional ablation of the prorenin receptor in nephron progenitor cells results in developmental programming of hypertension. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13644. [PMID: 29611334 PMCID: PMC5880790 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron induction during kidney development is driven by reciprocal interactions between progenitor cells (NPCs) of the cap mesenchyme (CM) and the ureteric bud (UB). The prorenin receptor (PRR) is a receptor for renin and prorenin, and an accessory subunit of the vacuolar proton pump V‐ATPase. Previously, we demonstrated that conditional ablation of the PRR in Six2+NPCs in mice (Six2PRR−/−) causes early neonatal death. Here, we identified genes that are regulated by PRR in Six2+NPCs FACS‐isolated from Six2PRR−/− and control kidneys on embryonic day E15.5 using whole‐genome expression analysis. Seven genes with expression in CM cells previously shown to direct kidney development, including Notch1, β‐catenin, Lef1, Lhx1, Jag1, and p53, were downregulated. The functional groups within the downregulated gene set included genes involved in embryonic and cellular development, renal regeneration, cellular assembly and organization, cell morphology, death and survival. Double‐transgenic Six2PRR−/−/BatGal+ mice, a reporter strain for β‐catenin transcriptional activity, showed decreased β‐catenin activity in the UB in vivo. Reduced PRR gene dosage in heterozygous Six2PRR+/− mice was associated with decreased glomerular number, segmental thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with focal podocyte foot process effacement, development of hypertension and increased soluble PRR (sPRR) levels in the urine at 2 months of age. Together, these data demonstrate that NPC PRR performs essential functions during nephrogenesis via control of hierarchy of genes that regulate critical cellular processes. Both reduced nephron endowment and augmented urine sPRR likely contribute to programming of hypertension in Six2PRR+/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Laura Kidd
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Adam Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Ihor V Yosypiv
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Los Angeles
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19
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Molecular determinants of WNT9b responsiveness in nephron progenitor cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215139. [PMID: 30978219 PMCID: PMC6461349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primed nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) appear in metanephric mesenchyme by E11.5 and differentiate in response to the inductive WNT9b signal from the ureteric bud. However, the NPC WNT-receptor complex is unknown. We obtained M15 cells from E10.5 mesonephric mesenchyme and systematically analyzed components required for canonical WNT9b-responsiveness. When M15 cells were transfected with a β-catenin luciferase reporter plasmid, exposure to recombinant WNT9b resulted in minimal luciferase activity. We then analyzed mRNA-expression of WNT-pathway components and identified Fzd1-6 and Lrp6 transcripts but not Rspo1. When M15 cells were treated with recombinant RSPO1 the response to transfected WNT9b was augmented 4.8-fold. Co-transfection of M15 cells with Fzd5 (but no other Fzd family member) further increased the WNT9b signal to 16.8-fold and siRNA knockdown of Fzd5 reduced the signal by 52%. Knockdown of Lrp6 resulted in 60% WNT9b signal reduction. We confirmed Fzd5, Lrp6 and Rspo1 mRNA expression in CITED1(+) NPCs from E15.5 embryonic mouse kidney. Thus, while many WNT signaling-pathway components are present by E10.5, optimum responsiveness of E11.5 cap mesenchyme requires that NPCs acquire RSPO1, FZD5 and LRP6.
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20
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Kurtzeborn K, Kwon HN, Kuure S. MAPK/ERK Signaling in Regulation of Renal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1779. [PMID: 30974877 PMCID: PMC6479953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kurtzeborn
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hyuk Nam Kwon
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Kuure
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- GM-unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Chadaeva I, Ponomarenko P, Rasskazov D, Sharypova E, Kashina E, Kleshchev M, Ponomarenko M, Naumenko V, Savinkova L, Kolchanov N, Osadchuk L, Osadchuk A. Natural Selection Equally Supports the Human Tendencies in Subordination and Domination: A Genome-Wide Study With in silico Confirmation and in vivo Validation in Mice. Front Genet 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30873204 PMCID: PMC6404730 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed the following heuristic decision-making rule: "IF {an excess of a protein relating to the nervous system is an experimentally known physiological marker of low pain sensitivity, fast postinjury recovery, or aggressive, risk/novelty-seeking, anesthetic-like, or similar agonistic-intolerant behavior} AND IF {a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causes overexpression of the gene encoding this protein} THEN {this SNP can be a SNP marker of the tendency in dominance} WHILE {underexpression corresponds to subordination} AND vice versa." Using this decision-making rule, we analyzed 231 human genes of neuropeptidergic, non-neuropeptidergic, and neurotrophinergic systems that encode neurotrophic and growth factors, interleukins, neurotransmitters, receptors, transporters, and enzymes. These proteins are known as key factors of human social behavior. We analyzed all the 5,052 SNPs within the 70 bp promoter region upstream of the position where the protein-coding transcript starts, which were retrieved from databases Ensembl and dbSNP using our previously created public Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator (http://beehive.bionet.nsc.ru/cgi-bin/mgs/tatascan/start.pl). This definition of the promoter region includes all TATA-binding protein (TBP)-binding sites. A total of 556 and 552 candidate SNP markers contributing to the dominance and the subordination, respectively, were uncovered. On this basis, we determined that 231 human genes under study are subject to natural selection against underexpression (significance p < 0.0005), which equally supports the human tendencies in domination and subordination such as the norm of a reaction (plasticity) of the human social hierarchy. These findings explain vertical transmission of domination and subordination traits previously observed in rodent models. Thus, the results of this study equally support both sides of the century-old unsettled scientific debate on whether both aggressiveness and the social hierarchy among humans are inherited (as suggested by Freud and Lorenz) or are due to non-genetic social education, when the children are influenced by older individuals across generations (as proposed by Berkowitz and Fromm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxim Kleshchev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Chen D, Xie R, Shu B, Landay AL, Wei C, Reiser J, Spagnoli A, Torquati A, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Sumner DR. Wnt signaling in bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue and interorgan interaction in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:48-60. [PMID: 30101565 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis in multiple organs and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In particular, a crucial role for Wnt signaling in bone development and bone tissue homeostasis has been well recognized. Numerous genome-wide association studies confirmed the importance of Wnt signaling in controlling bone mass. Moreover, ample evidence suggests that Wnt signaling is essential for kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue development and homeostasis. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling may play a fundamental role in the aging process of those organs. New discoveries show that bone is not only the major reservoir for calcium and phosphate storage, but also the largest organ with multiple functions, including mineral and energy metabolism. The interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue are controlled and regulated by several endocrine signals, including FGF23, klotho, sclerostin, osteocalcin, vitamin D, and leptin. Since the aging process is characterized by structural and functional decline in almost all tissues and organs, understanding the Wnt signaling-related interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue in aging may shed light on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Beaven R, Denholm B. Release and spread of Wingless is required to pattern the proximo-distal axis of Drosophila renal tubules. eLife 2018; 7:e35373. [PMID: 30095068 PMCID: PMC6086663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wingless/Wnts are signalling molecules, traditionally considered to pattern tissues as long-range morphogens. However, more recently the spread of Wingless was shown to be dispensable in diverse developmental contexts in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we demonstrate that release and spread of Wingless is required to pattern the proximo-distal (P-D) axis of Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Wingless signalling, emanating from the midgut, directly activates odd skipped expression several cells distant in the proximal tubule. Replacing Wingless with a membrane-tethered version that is unable to diffuse from the Wingless producing cells results in aberrant patterning of the Malpighian tubule P-D axis and development of short, deformed ureters. This work directly demonstrates a patterning role for a released Wingless signal. As well as extending our understanding about the functional modes by which Wnts shape animal development, we anticipate this mechanism to be relevant to patterning epithelial tubes in other organs, such as the vertebrate kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Beaven
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Barry Denholm
- Deanery of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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24
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Boivin FJ, Bridgewater D. β-Catenin in stromal progenitors controls medullary stromal development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1177-F1187. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00282.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal stroma is a population of matrix-producing fibroblast cells that serves as a structural framework for the kidney parenchyma. The stroma also regulates branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis. In the mature kidney, the stroma forms at least three distinct cell populations: the capsular, cortical, and medullary stroma. These distinct stromal populations have important functions in kidney development, maintenance of kidney function, and disease progression. However, the development, differentiation, and maintenance of the distinct stroma populations are not well defined. Using a mouse model with β-catenin deficiency in the stroma cell population, we demonstrate that β-catenin is not involved in the formation of the stromal progenitors nor in the formation of the cortical stroma population. In contrast, β-catenin does control the differentiation of stromal progenitors to form the medullary stroma. In the absence of stromal β-catenin, there is a marked reduction of medullary stromal markers. As kidney development continues, the maldifferentiated stromal cells locate deeper within the kidney tissue and are eliminated by the activation of an intrinsic apoptotic program. This leads to significant reductions in the medullary stroma population and the lack of medulla formation. Taken together, our results indicate that stromal β-catenin is essential for kidney development by regulating medulla formation through the differentiation of medullary stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J. Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Renal Tubule Repair: Is Wnt/β-Catenin a Friend or Foe? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020058. [PMID: 29364168 PMCID: PMC5852554 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is extremely important for proper kidney development. This pathway is also upregulated in injured renal tubular epithelia, both in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The renal tubular epithelium is an important target of kidney injury, and its response (repair versus persistent injury) is critical for determining whether tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of chronic kidney disease, develops. This review discusses how Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the injured tubular epithelia promotes either repair or fibrosis after kidney injury. There is data suggesting that epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling is beneficial in acute kidney injury and important in tubular progenitors responsible for epithelial repair. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronically injured epithelia is less clear. There is convincing data that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in interstitial fibroblasts and pericytes contributes to the extracellular matrix accumulation that defines fibrosis. However, some recent studies question whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronically injured epithelia actually promotes fibrosis or repair.
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26
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Wang Y, Zhou CJ, Liu Y. Wnt Signaling in Kidney Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:181-207. [PMID: 29389516 PMCID: PMC6008255 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signal cascade is an evolutionarily conserved, developmental pathway that regulates embryogenesis, injury repair, and pathogenesis of human diseases. It is well established that Wnt ligands transmit their signal via canonical, β-catenin-dependent and noncanonical, β-catenin-independent mechanisms. Mounting evidence has revealed that Wnt signaling plays a key role in controlling early nephrogenesis and is implicated in the development of various kidney disorders. Dysregulations of Wnt expression cause a variety of developmental abnormalities and human diseases, such as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, cystic kidney, and renal carcinoma. Multiple Wnt ligands, their receptors, and transcriptional targets are upregulated during nephron formation, which is crucial for mediating the reciprocal interaction between primordial tissues of ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme. Renal cysts are also associated with disrupted Wnt signaling. In addition, Wnt components are important players in renal tumorigenesis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin is instrumental for tubular repair and regeneration after acute kidney injury. However, sustained activation of this signal cascade is linked to chronic kidney diseases and renal fibrosis in patients and experimental animal models. Mechanistically, Wnt signaling controls a diverse array of biologic processes, such as cell cycle progression, cell polarity and migration, cilia biology, and activation of renin-angiotensin system. In this chapter, we have reviewed recent findings that implicate Wnt signaling in kidney development and diseases. Targeting this signaling may hold promise for future treatment of kidney disorders in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Youhua Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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27
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Terada N, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunolocalization of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in neonate and adult rat kidney. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1785-1790. [PMID: 28993569 PMCID: PMC5709553 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin are adhesion molecules that play important roles in organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, renal epithelial integrity and polarity. The present study demonstrated their immunolocalization in adult and neonate rat kidney. Membranous or cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were seen in adult and developing renal tubular epithelial cells. Particularly, in adult kidney, E-cadherin and β-catenin were intensively expressed in distal renal tubules, whereas N-cadherin was expressed in proximal renal tubules. In neonate rat kidney on 1 and 4 days old, developing renal tubular epithelial cells were mainly reacted with E-cadherin and very weakly expressed N-cadherin; β-catenin was expressed in developing renal tubules and mesenchymal blastemal cells. Interestingly, β-catenin-positive renal tubular epithelial cells simultaneously expressed E-cadherin in the kidney of adult and developing rats. Collectively, the adhesion molecules were differentially distributed in the renal tubules of adult rats and β-catenin and E-cadherin are predominant adhesion molecules in developing kidney. The present findings would provide the basic information of evaluating renal tubular toxicity using rats, in addition to renal genesis, in terms of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Terada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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28
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Hatch K, Pabon A, DiMario JX. EMX2 activates slow myosin heavy chain 2 gene expression in embryonic muscle fibers. Mech Dev 2017; 147:8-16. [PMID: 28673691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Avian myogenesis is partly characterized by commitment of distinct myoblast cell lineages to the formation of specific muscle fiber types. Previous studies have identified the transcription factor EMX2 as a regulator of slow myosin heavy chain 2 (MyHC2) gene expression in fast/slow primary muscle fibers. We report here the interaction of EMX2 with the slow MyHC2 transcriptional regulatory region in fast/slow embryonic muscle fibers. Promoter activity and electromobility shift assays localized the site of interaction of EMX2 with the slow MyHC2 gene within a defined binding site located between 3336 and 3326bp from the 3' end of the cloned slow MyHC2 DNA containing the transcriptional regulatory region. Using clonally-derived myoblasts stably committed to the formation of fast/slow muscle fibers, we also report the effect of altered EMX2 gene expression on genome-wide gene expression within these myoblasts. Increased EMX2 gene expression in fast/slow myoblasts caused altered gene expression of 1185 genes, indicating that EMX2 plays a central role in the gene expression profile of embryonic myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hatch
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies and Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Pabon
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies and Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph X DiMario
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies and Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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El-Dahr SS, Li Y, Liu J, Gutierrez E, Hering-Smith KS, Signoretti S, Pignon JC, Sinha S, Saifudeen Z. p63+ ureteric bud tip cells are progenitors of intercalated cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:89996. [PMID: 28469077 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During renal branching morphogenesis, ureteric bud tip cells (UBTC) serve as the progenitor epithelium for all cell types of the collecting duct. While the transcriptional circuitry of ureteric bud (UB) branching has been intensively studied, the transcriptional control of UBTC differentiation has been difficult to ascertain. This is partly due to limited knowledge of UBTC-specific transcription factors that mark the progenitor state. Here, we identify the transcription factor p63 (also known as TP63), a master regulator of basal stem cells in stratified epithelia, as a specific marker of mouse and human UBTC. Nuclear p63 marks Ret+ UBTC transiently and is silenced by the end of nephrogenesis. Lineage tracing revealed that a subset of UBTC expressing the ΔNp63 isoform (N-terminus truncated p63) is dedicated to generating cortical intercalated cells. Germline targeting of ΔNp63 in mice caused a marked reduction in intercalated cells near the time of birth, indicating that p63 not only marks UBTC, but also is essential for their differentiation. We conclude that the choice of UBTC progenitors to differentiate is determined earlier than previously recognized and that UBTC progenitors are prepatterned and fate restricted. These findings prompt the rethinking of current paradigms of collecting duct differentiation and may have implications for regenerative renal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Pignon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine, University of Buffalo, New York, USA
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30
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In Vitro Propagation and Branching Morphogenesis from Single Ureteric Bud Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:401-416. [PMID: 28089670 PMCID: PMC5311471 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A method to maintain and rebuild ureteric bud (UB)-like structures from UB cells in vitro could provide a useful tool for kidney regeneration. We aimed in our present study to establish a serum-free culture system that enables the expansion of UB progenitor cells, i.e., UB tip cells, and reconstruction of UB-like structures. We found that fibroblast growth factors or retinoic acid (RA) was sufficient for the survival of UB cells in serum-free condition, while the proliferation and maintenance of UB tip cells required glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor together with signaling from either WNT-β-catenin pathway or RA. The activation of WNT-β-catenin signaling in UB cells by endogenous WNT proteins required R-spondins. Together with Rho kinase inhibitor, our culture system facilitated the expansion of UB tip cells to form UB-like structures from dispersed single cells. The UB-like structures thus formed retained the original UB characteristics and integrated into the native embryonic kidneys. FGFs and RA signaling sustain UB cell survival in serum-free culture condition WNT-β-catenin and RA signaling maintain the expansion of UB tip cells WNT proteins in UB cells activate WNT-β-catenin signaling through R-spondins Single UB cells form UB-like structures in vitro that integrate into native kidneys
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31
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Abstract
New nephrons are induced by the interaction between mesenchymal progenitor cells and collecting duct tips, both of which are located at the outer edge of the kidney. This leading edge of active nephron induction is known as the nephrogenic zone. Cell populations found within this zone include collecting duct tips, cap mesenchyme cells, pretubular aggregates, nephrogenic zone interstitium, hemoendothelial progenitor cells, and macrophages. The close association of these dynamic progenitor cell compartments enables the intricate and synchronized patterning of the epithelial and the vascular components of the nephron. Understanding signaling interactions between the distinct progenitor cells of the nephrogenic zone are essential to determining the basis for new nephron formation, an important goal in regenerative medicine. A variety of technologies have been applied to define essential signaling pathways, including organ culture, mouse genetics, and primary cell culture. This chapter provides an overview of essential signaling pathways and discusses how these may be integrated.
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32
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Abstract
Renal anomalies are common birth defects that may manifest as a wide spectrum of anomalies from hydronephrosis (dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces) to renal aplasia (complete absence of the kidney(s)). Aneuploidies and mosaicisms are the most common syndromes associated with CAKUT. Syndromes with single gene and renal developmental defects are less common but have facilitated insight into the mechanism of renal and other organ development. Analysis of underlying genetic mutations with transgenic and mutant mice has also led to advances in our understanding of mechanisms of renal development.
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33
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Song R, Janssen A, Li Y, El-Dahr S, Yosypiv IV. Prorenin receptor controls renal branching morphogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F407-F417. [PMID: 28031172 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00563.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prorenin receptor (PRR) is a receptor for renin and prorenin, and an accessory subunit of the vacuolar proton pump H+-ATPase. Renal branching morphogenesis, defined as growth and branching of the ureteric bud (UB), is essential for mammalian kidney development. Previously, we demonstrated that conditional ablation of the PRR in the UB in PRRUB-/- mice causes severe defects in UB branching, resulting in marked kidney hypoplasia at birth. Here, we investigated the UB transcriptome using whole genome-based analysis of gene expression in UB cells, FACS-isolated from PRRUB-/-, and control kidneys at birth (P0) to determine the primary role of the PRR in terminal differentiation and growth of UB-derived collecting ducts. Three genes with expression in UB cells that previously shown to regulate UB branching morphogenesis, including Wnt9b, β-catenin, and Fgfr2, were upregulated, whereas the expression of Wnt11, Bmp7, Etv4, and Gfrα1 was downregulated. We next demonstrated that infection of immortalized UB cells with shPRR in vitro or deletion of the UB PRR in double-transgenic PRRUB-/-/BatGal+ mice, a reporter strain for β-catenin transcriptional activity, in vivo increases β-catenin activity in the UB epithelia. In addition to UB morphogenetic genes, the functional groups of differentially expressed genes within the downregulated gene set included genes involved in molecular transport, metabolic disease, amino acid metabolism, and energy production. Together, these data demonstrate that UB PRR performs essential functions during UB branching and collecting duct morphogenesis via control of a hierarchy of genes that control UB branching and terminal differentiation of the collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfang Song
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Adam Janssen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Yuwen Li
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Samir El-Dahr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana
| | - Ihor V Yosypiv
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana
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34
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Short KM, Smyth IM. The contribution of branching morphogenesis to kidney development and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:754-767. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Pifer PM, Farris JC, Thomas AL, Stoilov P, Denvir J, Smith DM, Frisch SM. Grainyhead-like 2 inhibits the coactivator p300, suppressing tubulogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2479-92. [PMID: 27251061 PMCID: PMC4966987 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GRHL2 suppresses EMT to give a default epithelial phenotype. GRHL2 inhibits this process through the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300, repressing the partial EMT and preventing induction of MMPs. The results demonstrate novel roles for p300 and GRHL2 in promoting or suppressing EMT in morphogenesis and tumor progression. Developmental morphogenesis and tumor progression require a transient or stable breakdown of epithelial junctional complexes to permit programmed migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance, characteristics endowed by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The epithelial master-regulatory transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) suppresses and reverses EMT, causing a mesenchymal–epithelial transition to the default epithelial phenotype. Here we investigated the role of GRHL2 in tubulogenesis of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, a process requiring transient, partial EMT. GRHL2 was required for cystogenesis, but it suppressed tubulogenesis in response to hepatocyte growth factor. Surprisingly, GRHL2 suppressed this process by inhibiting the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300, preventing the induction of matrix metalloproteases and other p300-dependent genes required for tubulogenesis. A 13–amino acid region of GRHL2 was necessary for inhibition of p300, suppression of tubulogenesis, and interference with EMT. The results demonstrate that p300 is required for partial or complete EMT occurring in tubulogenesis or tumor progression and that GRHL2 suppresses EMT in both contexts through inhibition of p300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Pifer
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Joshua C Farris
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Alyssa L Thomas
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Steven M Frisch
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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36
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Abstract
The basic unit of kidney function is the nephron. In the mouse, around 14,000 nephrons form in a 10-day period extending into early neonatal life, while the human fetus forms the adult complement of nephrons in a 32-week period completed prior to birth. This review discusses our current understanding of mammalian nephrogenesis: the contributing cell types and the regulatory processes at play. A conceptual developmental framework has emerged for the mouse kidney. This framework is now guiding studies of human kidney development enabled in part by in vitro systems of pluripotent stem cell-seeded nephrogenesis. A near future goal will be to translate our developmental knowledge-base to the productive engineering of new kidney structures for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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37
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Boivin FJ, Sarin S, Evans JC, Bridgewater D. The Good and Bad of β-Catenin in Kidney Development and Renal Dysplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:81. [PMID: 26734608 PMCID: PMC4686587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital renal malformations are a major cause of childhood and adult onset chronic kidney disease. Identifying the etiology of these renal defects is often challenging since disruptions in the processes that drive kidney development can result from disruptions in environmental, genetic, or epigenetic cues. β-catenin is an intracellular molecule involved in cell adhesion, cell signaling, and regulation of gene transcription. It plays essential roles in kidney development and in the pathogenesis of renal dysplasia. Here, we review the function of β-catenin during kidney development and in the genesis of renal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjay Sarin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Colin Evans
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
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38
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Smeeton J, Dhir P, Hu D, Feeney MM, Chen L, Rosenblum ND. Integrin-linked Kinase Controls Renal Branching Morphogenesis via Dual Specificity Phosphatase 8. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1465-77. [PMID: 26407593 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an intracellular scaffold protein with critical cell-specific functions in the embryonic and mature mammalian kidney. Previously, we demonstrated a requirement for Ilk during ureteric branching and cell cycle regulation in collecting duct cells in vivo Although in vitro data indicate that ILK controls p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activity, the contribution of ILK-p38MAPK signaling to branching morphogenesis in vivo is not defined. Here, we identified genes that are regulated by Ilk in ureteric cells using a whole-genome expression analysis of whole-kidney mRNA in mice with Ilk deficiency in the ureteric cell lineage. Six genes with expression in ureteric tip cells, including Wnt11, were downregulated, whereas the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) was upregulated. Phosphorylation of p38MAPK was decreased in kidney tissue with Ilk deficiency, but no significant decrease in the phosphorylation of other intracellular effectors previously shown to control renal morphogenesis was observed. Pharmacologic inhibition of p38MAPK activity in murine inner medullary collecting duct 3 (mIMCD3) cells decreased expression of Wnt11, Krt23, and Slo4c1 DUSP8 overexpression in mIMCD3 cells significantly inhibited p38MAPK activation and the expression of Wnt11 and Slo4c1. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DUSP8 in cultured embryonic murine kidneys decreased ureteric branching and p38MAPK activation. Together, these data demonstrate that Ilk controls branching morphogenesis by regulating the expression of DUSP8, which inhibits p38MAPK activity and decreases branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smeeton
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Departments of Paediatrics, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priya Dhir
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and
| | - Di Hu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and
| | | | - Lin Chen
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Departments of Paediatrics, and Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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39
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Zubkov V, Combes A, Short K, Lefevre J, Hamilton N, Smyth I, Little M, Byrne H. A spatially-averaged mathematical model of kidney branching morphogenesis. J Theor Biol 2015; 379:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Wang JQ, Qin F, Zhu L. Expression of Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Int Med Res 2015; 43:629-38. [PMID: 26142394 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515581182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). METHODS NHERF1 and β-catenin protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of kidney tissue samples from patients with ADPKD and controls (normal kidney tissue [>5 cm from the foci] collected from patients undergoing unilateral nephrectomy for kidney cancer). NHERF1 and β-catenin protein and mRNA were quantified by Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in kidney tissue samples from Han:SPRD (+/+) and (cy/+) rats. The effects of human recombinant NHERF1 on proliferation and cell cycle of ADPKD cyst-lining epithelial cells (WT9-12) were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Levels of NHERF1 protein and mRNA were significantly lower, and β-catenin levels significantly higher, in patients with ADPKD and Han:SPRD (cy/+) rats, compared with control subjects and (+/+) rats, respectively. Exogenous recombinant NHERF1 significantly inhibited proliferation of WT9-12 cells and increased the proportion of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase. CONCLUSIONS ADPKD is associated with a decrease in NHERF1 protein and mRNA levels. Supplementing exogenous NHERF1 inhibited the proliferation of WT9-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Stokes A, Duan Z, Hui J, Xu Y, Chen Y, Chen HW, Lam K, Zhou CJ. LDL Receptor-Related Protein 6 Modulates Ret Proto-Oncogene Signaling in Renal Development and Cystic Dysplasia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:417-27. [PMID: 26047795 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic and/or cystic kidneys have been found in both LDL receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6)- and β-catenin-mutant mouse embryos, and these proteins are key molecules for Wnt signaling. However, the underlying mechanisms of Lrp6/β-catenin signaling in renal development and cystic formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found evidence that diminished cell proliferation and increased apoptosis occur before cystic dysplasia in the renal primordia of Lrp6-deficient mouse embryos. The expression of Ret proto-oncogene (Ret), a critical receptor for the growth factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is required for early nephrogenesis, was dramatically diminished in the mutant renal primordia. The activities of other representative nephrogenic genes, including Lim1, Pax2, Pax8, GDNF, and Wnt11, were subsequently diminished in the mutant renal primordia. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that Ret is a novel transcriptional target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt agonist lithium promoted Ret expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Lrp6-knockdown or lithium treatment in vitro led to downregulation or upregulation, respectively, of the phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3, which act downstream of GDNF/Ret signaling. Mice with single and double mutations of Lrp6 and Ret were perinatal lethal and demonstrated gene dosage-dependent effects on the severity of renal hypoplasia during embryogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that Lrp6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates or interacts with a signaling network consisting of Ret cascades and related nephrogenic factors for renal development, and the disruption of these genes or signaling activities may cause a spectrum of hypoplastic and cystic kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California and University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Arjun Stokes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California and University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Jordan Hui
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California and University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Suda Genome Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Kit Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California and University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California;
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42
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Chen S, Yao X, Li Y, Saifudeen Z, Bachvarov D, El-Dahr SS. Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 regulate Wnt and p53 pathways in the ureteric bud epithelium. Development 2015; 142:1180-92. [PMID: 25758227 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate a broad range of biological processes through removal of acetyl groups from histones as well as non-histone proteins. Our previous studies showed that Hdac1 and Hdac2 are bound to promoters of key renal developmental regulators and that HDAC activity is required for embryonic kidney gene expression. However, the existence of many HDAC isoforms in embryonic kidneys raises questions concerning the possible specificity or redundancy of their functions. We report here that targeted deletion of both the Hdac1 and Hdac2 genes from the ureteric bud (UB) cell lineage of mice causes bilateral renal hypodysplasia. One copy of either Hdac1 or Hdac2 is sufficient to sustain normal renal development. In addition to defective cell proliferation and survival, genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is specifically impaired in UB(Hdac1,2-/-) kidneys. Our results also demonstrate that loss of Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the UB epithelium leads to marked hyperacetylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 on lysine 370, 379 and 383; these post-translational modifications are known to boost p53 stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic deletion of p53 partially rescues the development of UB(Hdac1,2-/-) kidneys. Together, these data indicate that Hdac1 and Hdac2 are crucial for kidney development. They perform redundant, yet essential, cell lineage-autonomous functions via p53-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiao Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada G1R 2J6
| | - Samir S El-Dahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Awazu M, Hida M. Maternal nutrient restriction inhibits ureteric bud branching but does not affect the duration of nephrogenesis in rats. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:633-9. [PMID: 25675424 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrient restriction produces offspring with fewer nephrons. We studied whether the reduced nephron number is due to the inhibition of ureteric branching or early cessation of nephrogenesis in rats. Signaling pathways involved in kidney development were also examined. METHODS The offspring of dams given food ad libitum (control (CON)) and those subjected to 50% food restriction (nutrient restriceted (NR)) were examined. RESULTS At embryonic day 13 (E13), there was no difference between NR and CON in body weight or kidney size. Ureteric buds branched once in both NR and CON. At E14 and E15, body and kidney size were significantly reduced in NR. Ureteric bud tip numbers were also reduced to 50% of CON. On the other hand, the disappearance of nephrogenic zone and a nephron progenitor marker Cited1 was not different between CON and NR. The final glomerular number of NR was 80% of CON. Activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, PI3K, Akt, and mammallian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and protein expression of β-catenin were downregulated at E15. CONCLUSION Ureteric branching is inhibited and developmentally regulated signaling pathways are downregulated at an early stage by maternal nutrient restriction. These changes, not early cessation of nephrogenesis, may be a mechanism for the inhibited kidney growth and nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Awazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hida
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan [2] Perinatal Center and Department of Neonatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Stromally expressed β-catenin modulates Wnt9b signaling in the ureteric epithelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120347. [PMID: 25803581 PMCID: PMC4372213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian kidney undergoes cell interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme to form the essential filtration unit of the kidney, termed the nephron. A third cell type, the kidney stroma, is a population of fibroblasts located in the kidney capsule, cortex and medulla and is ideally located to affect kidney formation. We found β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator, is strongly expressed in distinctive intracellular patterns in the capsular, cortical, and medullary renal stroma. We investigated β-catenin function in the renal stroma using a conditional knockout strategy that genetically deleted β-catenin specifically in the renal stroma cell lineage (β-cats-/-). β-cats-/- mutant mice demonstrate marked kidney abnormalities, and surprisingly we show β-catenin in the renal stroma is essential for regulating the condensing mesenchyme cell population. We show that the population of induced mesenchyme cells is significantly reduced in β-cats-/- mutants and exhibited decreased cell proliferation and a specific loss of Cited 1, while maintaining the expression of other essential nephron progenitor proteins. Wnt9b, the key signal for the induction of nephron progenitors, was markedly reduced in adjacent ureteric epithelial cells in β-cats-/-. Analysis of Wnt9b-dependent genes in the neighboring nephron progenitors was significantly reduced while Wnt9b-independent genes remained unchanged. In contrast mice overexpressing β-catenin exclusively in the renal stroma demonstrated massive increases in the condensing mesenchyme population and Wnt9b was markedly elevated. We propose that β-catenin in the renal stroma modulates a genetic program in ureteric epithelium that is required for the induction of nephron progenitors.
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Nagalakshmi VK, Yu J. The ureteric bud epithelium: morphogenesis and roles in metanephric kidney patterning. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 82:151-66. [PMID: 25783232 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian metanephric kidney is composed of two epithelial components, the collecting duct system and the nephron epithelium, that differentiate from two different tissues -the ureteric bud epithelium and the nephron progenitors, respectively-of intermediate mesoderm origin. The collecting duct system is generated through reiterative ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, whereas the nephron epithelium is formed in a process termed nephrogenesis, which is initiated with the mesenchymal-epithelial transition of the nephron progenitors. Ureteric bud branching morphogenesis is regulated by nephron progenitors, and in return, the ureteric bud epithelium regulates nephrogenesis. The metanephric kidney is physiologically divided along the corticomedullary axis into subcompartments that are enriched with specific segments of these two epithelial structures. Here, we provide an overview of the major molecular and cellular processes underlying the morphogenesis and patterning of the ureteric bud epithelium and its roles in the cortico-medullary patterning of the metanephric kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya K Nagalakshmi
- Department of Cell Biology and Division of Center of Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Lindström NO, Lawrence ML, Burn SF, Johansson JA, Bakker ERM, Ridgway RA, Chang CH, Karolak MJ, Oxburgh L, Headon DJ, Sansom OJ, Smits R, Davies JA, Hohenstein P. Integrated β-catenin, BMP, PTEN, and Notch signalling patterns the nephron. eLife 2015; 3:e04000. [PMID: 25647637 PMCID: PMC4337611 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The different segments of the nephron and glomerulus in the kidney balance the processes of water homeostasis, solute recovery, blood filtration, and metabolite excretion. When segment function is disrupted, a range of pathological features are presented. Little is known about nephron patterning during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the early nephron is patterned by a gradient in β-catenin activity along the axis of the nephron tubule. By modifying β-catenin activity, we force cells within nephrons to differentiate according to the imposed β-catenin activity level, thereby causing spatial shifts in nephron segments. The β-catenin signalling gradient interacts with the BMP pathway which, through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling, antagonises β-catenin activity and promotes segment identities associated with low β-catenin activity. β-catenin activity and PI3K signalling also integrate with Notch signalling to control segmentation: modulating β-catenin activity or PI3K rescues segment identities normally lost by inhibition of Notch. Our data therefore identifies a molecular network for nephron patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils O Lindström
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie L Lawrence
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sally F Burn
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Jeanette A Johansson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira RM Bakker
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- Department of Invasion and Metastasis, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C-Hong Chang
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michele J Karolak
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Denis J Headon
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatston Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ron Smits
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrated Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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47
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Renal developmental defects resulting from in utero hypoxia are associated with suppression of ureteric β-catenin signaling. Kidney Int 2015; 87:975-83. [PMID: 25587709 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational stressors, including glucocorticoids and protein restriction, can affect kidney development and hence final nephron number. Since hypoxia is a common insult during pregnancy, we studied the influence of oxygen tension on kidney development in models designed to represent a pathological hypoxic insult. In vivo mouse models of moderate, transient, midgestational (12% O₂, 48 h, 12.5 dpc) or severe, acute, early-gestational (5.5-7.5% O₂, 8 h, 9.5-10.5 dpc) hypoxia were developed. The embryo itself is known to mature under hypoxic conditions with embryonic tissue levels of oxygen estimated to be 5%-8% (physiological hypoxia) when the mother is exposed to ambient normoxia. Both in vivo models generated phenotypes seen in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Severe, acute, early hypoxia resulted in duplex kidney, while moderate, transient, midgestational hypoxia permanently reduced ureteric branching and nephron formation. Both models displayed hypoxia-induced reductions in β-catenin signaling within the ureteric tree and suppression of the downstream target gene, Ccnd1. Thus, we show a link between gestational hypoxia and CAKUT, the phenotype of which varies with timing, duration, and severity of the hypoxic insult.
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48
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Murata T, Ishitsuka Y, Karouji K, Kaneda H, Toki H, Nakai Y, Makino S, Fukumura R, Kotaki H, Wakana S, Noda T, Gondo Y. β-CateninC429S mice exhibit sterility consequent to spatiotemporally sustained Wnt signalling in the internal genitalia. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6959. [PMID: 25376241 PMCID: PMC4223658 DOI: 10.1038/srep06959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates numerous developmental and homeostatic processes. Ctnnb1 (also known as β-catenin) is the only protein that transmits signals from various Wnt ligands to downstream genes. In this study, we report that our newly established mouse strain, which harbours a Cys429 to Ser missense mutation in the β-catenin gene, exhibited specific organ defects in contrast to mice with broadly functioning Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Both homozygous mutant males and females produced normal gametes but were infertile because of abnormal seminal vesicle and vaginal morphogenesis. An ins-TOPGAL transgenic reporter spatiotemporally sustained Wnt/β-catenin signalling during the corresponding organogenesis. Therefore, β-catenin(C429S) should provide new insights into β-catenin as a universal component of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Murata
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishitsuka
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Karouji
- Population and Quantitative Genomics Team, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Kaneda
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Toki
- Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Makino
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukumura
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hayato Kotaki
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Mutagenesis and Genomics Team, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Blake J, Rosenblum ND. Renal branching morphogenesis: morphogenetic and signaling mechanisms. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:2-12. [PMID: 25080023 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human kidney is composed of an arborized network of collecting ducts, calyces and urinary pelvis that facilitate urine excretion and regulate urine composition. The renal collecting system is formed in utero, completed by the 34th week of gestation in humans, and dictates final nephron complement. The renal collecting system arises from the ureteric bud, a derivative of the intermediate-mesoderm derived nephric duct that responds to inductive signals from adjacent tissues via a process termed ureteric induction. The ureteric bud subsequently undergoes a series of iterative branching and remodeling events in a process called renal branching morphogenesis. Altered signaling that disrupts patterning of the nephric duct, ureteric induction, or renal branching morphogenesis leads to varied malformations of the renal collecting system collectively known as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and is the most frequently detected congenital renal aberration in infants. Here, we describe critical morphogenetic and cellular events that govern nephric duct specification, ureteric bud induction, renal branching morphogenesis, and cessation of renal branching morphogenesis. We also highlight salient molecular signaling pathways that govern these processes, and the investigative techniques used to interrogate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Blake
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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50
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Cirio MC, de Groh ED, de Caestecker MP, Davidson AJ, Hukriede NA. Kidney regeneration: common themes from the embryo to the adult. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:553-64. [PMID: 24005792 PMCID: PMC3944192 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate kidney has an inherent ability to regenerate following acute damage. Successful regeneration of the injured kidney requires the rapid replacement of damaged tubular epithelial cells and reconstitution of normal tubular function. Identifying the cells that participate in the regeneration process as well as the molecular mechanisms involved may reveal therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney disease. Renal regeneration is associated with the expression of genetic pathways that are necessary for kidney organogenesis, suggesting that the regenerating tubular epithelium may be "reprogrammed" to a less-differentiated, progenitor state. This review will highlight data from various vertebrate models supporting the hypothesis that nephrogenic genes are reactivated as part of the process of kidney regeneration following acute kidney injury (AKI). Emphasis will be placed on the reactivation of developmental pathways and how our understanding of the resulting regeneration process may be enhanced by lessons learned in the embryonic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cecilia Cirio
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eric D. de Groh
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark P. de Caestecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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