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Peng H, Qiao J, Wang G, Shi W, Xia F, Qiao R, Dong B. A collagen-rich arch in the urochordate notochord coordinates cell shaping and multi-tissue elongation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5390-5403.e3. [PMID: 37995694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell and tissue reshaping is crucial for coordinating three-dimensional pattern formation, in which the size and shape of the cells must be accurately regulated via signal transport and communication among tissues. However, the identity of signaling and transportation mechanisms in this process remains elusive. In our study, we identified an extracellular matrix (ECM) structure with a vertebra-like shape surrounding the central notochord tissue in the larval tail of the urochordate Ciona. Additionally, we verified that the ECM structure was formed de novo, mainly from collagens secreted by notochord cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and simulation results revealed that this structure was formed via diffusional collagen flow from a notochord that was restricted and molded in the spaces among tail tissues. We revealed that the collagen structure was essential for notochord cell arrangement and elongation. Furthermore, we observed that the central notochord connects with the epidermis through this ECM structure. The disruption of this structure by collagen knockdown and loss-of-collagen function caused the failure of notochord elongation. More importantly, the epidermis could not elongate proportionally with notochord, indicating that the collagen-rich structure serves as a scaffold to coordinate the concurrent elongation of the tail tissues. These findings provide insights into how the central tissue forms and molds its surrounding ECM structure, by not only regulating its own morphogenesis but also functioning as a scaffold for signal transmission to orchestrate the coordinated morphologic reshaping of the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Peng
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinghan Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guilin Wang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Runyu Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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2
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Damle SR, Krzyzanowska AK, Korsun MK, Morse KW, Gilbert S, Kim HJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Rawlins BA, van der Meulen MCH, Greenblatt MB, Hidaka C, Cunningham ME. Inducing Angiogenesis in the Nucleus Pulposus. Cells 2023; 12:2488. [PMID: 37887332 PMCID: PMC10605635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene delivery to Lewis rat lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) drives bone formation anterior and external to the IVD, suggesting the IVD is inhospitable to osteogenesis. This study was designed to determine if IVD destruction with a proteoglycanase, and/or generating an IVD blood supply by gene delivery of an angiogenic growth factor, could render the IVD permissive to intra-discal BMP-driven osteogenesis and fusion. Surgical intra-discal delivery of naïve or gene-programmed cells (BMP2/BMP7 co-expressing or VEGF165 expressing) +/- purified chondroitinase-ABC (chABC) in all permutations was performed between lumbar 4/5 and L5/6 vertebrae, and radiographic, histology, and biomechanics endpoints were collected. Follow-up anti-sFlt Western blotting was performed. BMP and VEGF/BMP treatments had the highest stiffness, bone production and fusion. Bone was induced anterior to the IVD, and was not intra-discal from any treatment. chABC impaired BMP-driven osteogenesis, decreased histological staining for IVD proteoglycans, and made the IVD permissive to angiogenesis. A soluble fragment of VEGF Receptor-1 (sFlt) was liberated from the IVD matrix by incubation with chABC, suggesting dysregulation of the sFlt matrix attachment is a possible mechanism for the chABC-mediated IVD angiogenesis we observed. Based on these results, the IVD can be manipulated to foster vascular invasion, and by extension, possibly osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela R. Damle
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Agata K. Krzyzanowska
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maximilian K. Korsun
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyle W. Morse
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susannah Gilbert
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Han Jo Kim
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Oheneba Boachie-Adjei
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard A. Rawlins
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Sibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Chisa Hidaka
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Belfer Gene Therapy Core Facility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew E. Cunningham
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 E 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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3
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Jadon J, Yelin R, Arraf AA, Asleh MA, Zaher M, Schultheiss TM. Regulation of aortic morphogenesis and VE-cadherin dynamics by VEGF. Dev Biol 2023; 497:1-10. [PMID: 36841503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
In amniote vertebrates, the definitive dorsal aorta is formed by the fusion of two primordial aortic endothelial tubes. Formation of the definitive dorsal aorta requires extensive cellular migrations and rearrangements of the primordial tubes in order to generate a single vessel located at the embryonic ventral midline. This study examines the role of VEGF signaling in the generation of the definitive dorsal aorta. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies in vivo in the chick embryo, we document a requirement for VEGF signaling in growth and remodeling of the paired primordia. We find that regions of the aorta are differentially sensitive to levels of VEGF signaling, and present evidence that areas of low blood flow are more sensitive to the loss of VEGF signaling. We also find that VEGF signaling regulates the intracellular distribution between membrane and cytoplasm of the cell-cell adhesion molecule VE-cadherin in aortic endothelial cells in vivo. Together, these finding identify mechanisms that likely contribute to the dynamic behavior of endothelial cells during aorta morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Jadon
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Ronit Yelin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Alaa A Arraf
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Manar Abboud Asleh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Mira Zaher
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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4
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Yvernogeau L, Dainese G, Jaffredo T. Dorsal aorta polarization and haematopoietic stem cell emergence. Development 2023; 150:286251. [PMID: 36602140 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of the aorta microenvironment in the generation of the first haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from specialized haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Despite more than two decades of investigations, we require a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events driving aorta formation and polarization, which will be pivotal to establish the mechanisms that operate during HEC specification and HSC competency. Here, we outline the early mechanisms involved in vertebrate aorta formation by comparing four different species: zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. We highlight how this process, which is tightly controlled in time and space, requires a coordinated specification of several cell types, in particular endothelial cells originating from distinct mesodermal tissues. We also discuss how molecular signals originating from the aorta environment result in its polarization, creating a unique entity for HSC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Yvernogeau
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Dainese
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Université, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Abstract
For more than 2000 years, the avian embryo has helped scientists understand questions of developmental and cell biology. As early as 350 BC Aristotle described embryonic development inside a chicken egg (Aristotle, Generation of animals. Loeb Classical Library (translated), vol. 8, 1943). In the seventeenth century, Marcello Malpighi, referred to as the father of embryology, first diagramed the microscopic morphogenesis of the chick embryo, including extensive characterization of the cardiovascular system (Pearce Eur Neurol 58(4):253-255, 2007; West, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 304(6):L383-L390, 2016). The ease of accessibility to the embryo and similarity to mammalian development have made avians a powerful system among model organisms. Currently, a unique combination of classical and modern techniques is employed for investigation of the vascular system in the avian embryo. Here, we will introduce the essential techniques of embryonic manipulation for experimental study in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Asai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Rahman A, Syduzzaman M, Khaliduzzaman A, Fujitani S, Kashimori A, Suzuki T, Ogawa Y, Kondo N. Non-destructive sex-specific monitoring of early embryonic growth rate in light brown broiler eggs using light transmission and its correlation with hatching time and chick weight. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:147-155. [PMID: 32902332 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1820952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Monitoring early embryonic growth rate (EGR) has significant economic and animal welfare benefits. This study focuses on monitoring sex-specific early EGR using light transmission, and correlating this with hatching time and chick weight. For broiler eggs in particular, spectral masking of the light brown eggshells needed to be addressed. This was done using longitudinal visible transmission spectroscopy combined with eggshell colour image analysis. 2. Prior to incubation, colour images of eggs were captured followed by daily measurements of transmission spectra of eggs from days one to nine of incubation. The sex of the eggs was subsequently verified 2 d after hatching. 3. To accurately and sensitively determine sex differences in EGR using light transmission, while minimising interference from eggshell colour and thickness, the ratio of longitudinal transmissions was determined to be most effective at 575 and 610 nm. 3. Embryonic growth was detectable from d 3 (72 h) of incubation, 24 h earlier than previously reported lateral transmission measurements. However, at this time, low blood levels meant that no significant sex-differences (P > 0.05) for the mean T575/T610 ratio were detectable. This may have been due, in part, to spectral masking from the light brown eggshells. At d 7, female embryos had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) mean T575/T610 ratio than males. 4. Although the T575/T610 ratio had low correlations with hatching time and hatch-weight of chicks, this could be a good starting point for further non-destructive investigations for such predictions. 5. In conclusion, the methodology had the sensitivity to differentiate sex-specific early EGR in broiler eggs, even with pigmented eggshells, and has the potential to advance precision hatchery management and poultry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rahman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University , Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M Syduzzaman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology , Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - A Khaliduzzaman
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University , Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - A Kashimori
- Research and Development, NABEL Co. Ltd , Minami-ku, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Y Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - N Kondo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Japan
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7
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Human notochordal cell transcriptome unveils potential regulators of cell function in the developing intervertebral disc. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12866. [PMID: 30150762 PMCID: PMC6110784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult nucleus pulposus originates from the embryonic notochord, but loss of notochordal cells with skeletal maturity in humans is thought to contribute to the onset of intervertebral disc degeneration. Thus, defining the phenotype of human embryonic/fetal notochordal cells is essential for understanding their roles and for development of novel therapies. However, a detailed transcriptomic profiling of human notochordal cells has never been achieved. In this study, the notochord-specific marker CD24 was used to specifically label and isolate (using FACS) notochordal cells from human embryonic and fetal spines (7.5–14 weeks post-conception). Microarray analysis and qPCR validation identified CD24, STMN2, RTN1, PRPH, CXCL12, IGF1, MAP1B, ISL1, CLDN1 and THBS2 as notochord-specific markers. Expression of these markers was confirmed in nucleus pulposus cells from aged and degenerate discs. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed molecules involved in inhibition of vascularisation (WISP2, Noggin and EDN2) and inflammation (IL1-RN) to be master regulators of notochordal genes. Importantly, this study has, for the first time, defined the human notochordal cell transcriptome and suggests inhibition of inflammation and vascularisation may be key roles for notochordal cells during intervertebral disc development. The molecules and pathways identified in this study have potential for use in developing strategies to retard/prevent disc degeneration, or regenerate tissue.
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8
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Kwon WK, Moon HJ, Kwon TH, Park YK, Kim JH. Influence of rabbit notochordal cells on symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration: anti-angiogenic capacity on human endothelial cell proliferation under hypoxia. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017. [PMID: 28647468 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Symptomatic degenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with neovascularization and nerve ingrowth into intervertebral discs (IVDs). Notochordal cells (NCs) are key cells that may lead to regeneration of IVDs. However, their activities under conditions of hypoxia, the real environment of IVD, are not well known. We hypothesized that NCs may inhibit neovascularization by interacting with endothelial cells (ECs) under hypoxia. DESIGN Human IVDs were isolated and cultured to produce nucleus pulposus (NP) cell conditioned medium (NPCM). Immortalized human microvascular ECs were cultured in NPCM with notochordal cell-rich rabbit nucleus pulposus cells (rNC) under hypoxia. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were analyzed by ELISA. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), filamentous actin (F-actin), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were evaluated to investigate EC activity. Wound-healing migration assays were performed to examine EC migration. RESULTS The VEGF level of EC cells cultured in NPCM was significantly higher under hypoxia compared to normoxia. VEGF expression was significantly decreased, and FAK, F-actin, PDGF expression were inhibited when ECs were cocultured with rNCs under hypoxia. ECs cocultured with rNC in NPCM showed significantly decreased migratory activity compared to those without rNC under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The angiogenic capacity of ECs was significantly inhibited by NCs under hypoxia via a VEGF-related pathway. Our results suggest that NCs may play a key role in the development of IVDs by inhibiting vascular growth within the disc, and this may be a promising novel therapeutic strategy for targeting vascular ingrowth in symptomatic DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H J Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - T-H Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y-K Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bai XD, Li XC, Chen JH, Guo ZM, Hou LS, Wang DL, He Q, Ruan DK. * Coculture with Partial Digestion Notochordal Cell-Rich Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Activates Degenerative Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:837-846. [PMID: 28145804 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that notochordal cells (NCs) and NC-conditioned medium (NCCM) can stimulate cell viability and matrix production of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). However, the potential of notochordal cell-rich nucleus pulposus (NRNP) incorporating the native environment of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to develop an optimal NRNP model and test whether it can allow a significant level of NPC activation in vitro. Rabbit NRNP explants were divided into three groups according to different digestion time: digestion NRNP of 8 h, partial digestion NRNP of 2 h, and natural NRNP. Cell viability and NC phenotype were compared between these groups after 14 days of incubation. The products of the selected partial digestion NRNP group were then cocultured with human degenerated NPCs for 14 days. NPC viability, cell proliferation and senescence, the production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in extracellular matrix, and NP matrix production by NPCs were assessed. The results showed that coculturing with partial digestion NRNP significantly improved the cell proliferation, cell senescence, and disc matrix gene expression of NPCs compared with those in the monoculture group. In addition, GAG/DNA ratio in the coculture group increased significantly, while the level of collagen II protein remained unchanged. In this study, we demonstrated that partial digestion NRNP may show a promising potential for NPC regeneration in IVD tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Bai
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Li
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital , Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hai Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ming Guo
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Hou
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Establishment of the Visceral Embryonic Midline Is a Dynamic Process that Requires Bilaterally Symmetric BMP Signaling. Dev Cell 2016; 37:571-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Chen D, Wang X, Liang D, Gordon J, Mittal A, Manley N, Degenhardt K, Astrof S. Fibronectin signals through integrin α5β1 to regulate cardiovascular development in a cell type-specific manner. Dev Biol 2015; 407:195-210. [PMID: 26434918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn1) is an evolutionarily conserved extracellular matrix glycoprotein essential for embryonic development. Global deletion of Fn1 leads to mid-gestation lethality from cardiovascular defects. However, severe morphogenetic defects that occur early in embryogenesis in these embryos precluded assigning a direct role for Fn1 in cardiovascular development. We noticed that Fn1 is expressed in strikingly non-uniform patterns during mouse embryogenesis, and that its expression is particularly enriched in the pharyngeal region corresponding with the pharyngeal arches 3, 4, and 6. This region bears a special importance for the developing cardiovascular system, and we hypothesized that the localized enrichment of Fn1 in the pharyngeal region may be essential for cardiovascular morphogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we ablated Fn1 using the Isl1(Cre) knock-in strain of mice. Deletion of Fn1 using the Isl1(Cre) strain resulted in defective formation of the 4th pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs), aberrant development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), and ventricular septum defects. To determine the cell types responding to Fn1 signaling during cardiovascular development, we deleted a major Fn1 receptor, integrin α5 using the Isl1(Cre) strain, and observed the same spectrum of abnormalities seen in the Fn1 conditional mutants. Additional conditional mutagenesis studies designed to ablate integrin α5 in distinct cell types within the Isl1(+) tissues and their derivatives, suggested that the expression of integrin α5 in the pharyngeal arch mesoderm, endothelium, surface ectoderm and the neural crest were not required for PAA formation. Our studies suggest that an (as yet unknown) integrin α5-dependent signal extrinsic to the pharyngeal endothelium mediates the formation of the 4th PAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology graduate program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Julie Gordon
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ashok Mittal
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nancy Manley
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Karl Degenhardt
- Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology graduate program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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12
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Cornejo M, Cho S, Giannarelli C, Iatridis J, Purmessur D. Soluble factors from the notochordal-rich intervertebral disc inhibit endothelial cell invasion and vessel formation in the presence and absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:487-96. [PMID: 25534363 PMCID: PMC4411226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain can be associated with the pathological ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves into intervertebral discs (IVDs). The notochord patterns the IVD during development and is a source of anti-angiogenic soluble factors such as Noggin and Chondroitin sulfate (CS). These factors may form the basis for a new minimally invasive strategy to target angiogenesis in the IVD. OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of soluble factors from notochordal cells (NCs) and candidates Noggin and CS under healthy culture conditions and in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators. DESIGN NC conditioned media (NCCM) was generated from porcine NC-rich nucleus pulposus tissue. To assess the effects of NCCM, CS and Noggin on angiogenesis, cell invasion and tubular formation assays were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ± tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα [10 ng/ml]). vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, MMP-7, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 mRNA levels were assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS NCCM (10 & 100%), CS (10 and 100 μg) and Noggin (10 and 100 ng) significantly decreased cell invasion of HUVECs with and without TNFα. NCCM 10% and Noggin 10 ng inhibited tubular formation with and without TNFα and CS 100 μg inhibited tubules in Basal conditions whereas CS 10 μg inhibited tubules with TNFα. NCCM significantly decreased VEGF-A, MMP-7 and IL-6 mRNA levels in HUVECs with and without TNFα. CS and Noggin had no effects on gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that soluble factors from NCs can inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF signaling. Notochordal-derived ligands are a promising minimally invasive strategy targeting neurovascular ingrowth and pain in the degenerated IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Cornejo
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S.K. Cho
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C. Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - J.C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D. Purmessur
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: D. Purmessur, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: 1-212-241-1531
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13
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Abstract
For more than 2,000 years, philosophers and scientists have turned to the avian embryo with questions of how life begins (Aristotle and Peck Generations of Animals. Loeb Classics, vol. XIII. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1943; Needham, A history of embryology. Abelard-Schuman, New York, 1959). Then, as now, the unique accessibility of the embryo both in terms of acquisition of eggs from domesticated fowl and ease at which the embryo can be visualized by simply opening the shell has made avians an appealing and powerful model system for the study of development. Thus, as the field of embryology has evolved through observational, comparative, and experimental embryology into its current iteration as the cellular and molecular biology of development, avians have remained a useful and practical system of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bressan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, MC3120, San Francisco, CA, 94143-3120, USA,
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14
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Kim JD, Lee HW, Jin SW. Diversity is in my veins: role of bone morphogenetic protein signaling during venous morphogenesis in zebrafish illustrates the heterogeneity within endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1838-45. [PMID: 25060789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are a highly diverse group of cells which display distinct cellular responses to exogenous stimuli. Although the aptly named vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway is hailed as the most important signaling input for endothelial cells, additional factors also participate in regulating diverse aspects of endothelial behaviors and functions. Given this heterogeneity, these additional factors seem to play a critical role in creating a custom-tailored environment to regulate behaviors and functions of distinct subgroups of endothelial cells. For instance, molecular cues that modulate morphogenesis of arterial vascular beds can be distinct from those that govern morphogenesis of venous vascular beds. Recently, we have found that bone morphogenetic protein signaling selectively promotes angiogenesis from venous vascular beds without eliciting similar responses from arterial vascular beds in zebrafish, indicating that bone morphogenetic protein signaling functions as a context-dependent regulator during vascular morphogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that underlie proangiogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein signaling on venous vascular beds in the context of endothelial heterogeneity and suggest a more comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms of vascular morphogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dae Kim
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.)
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.)
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.).
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15
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Pulina M, Liang D, Astrof S. Shape and position of the node and notochord along the bilateral plane of symmetry are regulated by cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Biol Open 2014; 3:583-90. [PMID: 24928429 PMCID: PMC4154294 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20148243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The node and notochord (and their equivalents in other species) are essential signaling centers, positioned along the plane of bilateral symmetry in developing vertebrate embryos. However, genes and mechanisms regulating morphogenesis of these structures and their placement along the embryonic midline are not well understood. In this work, we provide the first evidence that the position of the node and the notochord along the bilateral plane of symmetry are under genetic control and are regulated by integrin α5β1 and fibronectin in mice. We found that the shape of the node is often inverted in integrin α5-null and fibronectin-null mutants, and that the positioning of node and the notochord is often skewed away from the perceived plane of embryonic bilateral of symmetry. Our studies also show that the shape and position of the notochord are dependent on the shape and embryonic placement of the node. Our studies suggest that fibronectin regulates the shape of the node by affecting apico-basal polarity of the nodal cells. Taken together, our data indicate that cell–extracellular matrix interactions mediated by integrin α5β1 and fibronectin regulate the geometry of the node as well as the placement of the node and notochord along the plane of bilateral symmetry in the mammalian embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pulina
- Present address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA Present address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sophie Astrof
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA Present address: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Lui PPY. Histopathological changes in tendinopathy--potential roles of BMPs? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:2116-2126. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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17
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Moura J, da Silva L, Cruz MT, Carvalho E. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of bone morphogenetic proteins and activins in the skin: potential benefits for wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:557-69. [PMID: 23800970 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins are phylogenetically conserved proteins, belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, that signal through the phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad proteins, activating different cell responses. They are involved in various steps of skin morphogenesis and wound repair, as can be evidenced by the fact that their expression is increased in skin injuries. BMPs play not only a role in bone regeneration but are also involved in cartilage, tendon-like tissue and epithelial regeneration, maintain vascular integrity, capillary sprouting, proliferation/migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis, promote neuron and dendrite formation, alter neuropeptide levels and are involved in immune response modulation, at least in animal models. On the other hand, activins are involved in wound repair through the regulation of skin and immune cell migration and differentiation, re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and also promote the expression of collagens by fibroblasts and modulate scar formation. This review aims at enunciating the effects of BMPs and activins in the skin, namely in skin development, as well as in crucial phases of skin wound healing, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and repair, and will focus on the effects of these proteins on skin cells and their signaling pathways, exploring the potential therapeutic approach of the application of BMP-2, BMP-6 and activin A in chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Gore AV, Monzo K, Cha YR, Pan W, Weinstein BM. Vascular development in the zebrafish. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 2:a006684. [PMID: 22553495 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has emerged as an excellent vertebrate model system for studying blood and lymphatic vascular development. The small size, external and rapid development, and optical transparency of zebrafish embryos are some of the advantages the zebrafish model system offers. Multiple well-established techniques have been developed for imaging and functionally manipulating vascular tissues in zebrafish embryos, expanding on and amplifying these basic advantages and accelerating use of this model system for studying vascular development. In the past decade, studies performed using zebrafish as a model system have provided many novel insights into vascular development. In this article we discuss the amenability of this model system for studying blood vessel development and review contributions made by this system to our understanding of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket V Gore
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Section on Vertebrate Organogenesis, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Purmessur D, Cornejo MC, Cho SK, Hecht AC, Iatridis JC. Notochordal cell-derived therapeutic strategies for discogenic back pain. Global Spine J 2013; 3:201-18. [PMID: 24436871 PMCID: PMC3854597 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the processes that occur during development of the intervertebral disk can help inform therapeutic strategies for discogenic pain. This article reviews the literature to identify candidates that are found in or derived from the notochord or notochordal cells and evaluates the theory that such factors could be isolated and used as biologics to target the structural disruption, inflammation, and neurovascular ingrowth often associated with discogenic back pain. A systematic review using PubMed was performed with a primary search using keywords "(notochordal OR notochord) And (nerves OR blood vessels OR SHH OR chondroitin sulfate OR notch OR CTGF) NOT chordoma." Secondary searches involved keywords associated with the intervertebral disk and pain. Several potential therapeutic candidates from the notochord and their possible targets were identified. Studies are needed to further identify candidates, explore mechanisms for effect, and to validate the theory that these candidates can promote structural restoration and limit or inhibit neurovascular ingrowth using in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Purmessur
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - M. C. Cornejo
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - S. K. Cho
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - A. C. Hecht
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - J. C. Iatridis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States,Address for correspondence James Iatridis, PhD Professor and Director of Spine Research, Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029United States
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20
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Sato Y. Dorsal aorta formation: separate origins, lateral-to-medial migration, and remodeling. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 55:113-29. [PMID: 23294360 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is a highly dynamic tissue-remodeling event that can be observed from early development in vertebrate embryos. Dorsal aortae, the first functional intra-embryonic blood vessels, arise as two separate bilateral vessels in the trunk and undergo lateral-to-medial translocation, eventually fusing into a single large vessel at the midline. After this dramatic remodeling, the dorsal aorta generates hematopoietic stem cells. The dorsal aorta is a good model to use to increase our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the establishment and remodeling of larger blood vessels in vivo. Because of the easy accessibility to the developing circulatory system, quail and chick embryos have been widely used for studies on blood vessel formation. In particular, the mapping of endothelial cell origins has been performed using quail-chick chimera analysis, revealing endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and hematopoietic cell progenitors of the dorsal aorta. The avian embryo model also allows conditional gene activation/inactivation and direct observation of cell behaviors during dorsal aorta formation. This allows a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying specific morphogenetic events during dynamic dorsal aorta formation from a cell behavior perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
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21
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Balakrishnan K, Majesky M, Perkins JA. Head and neck lymphatic tumors and bony abnormalities: a clinical and molecular review. Lymphat Res Biol 2012; 9:205-12. [PMID: 22196287 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2011.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic malformations and lymphatic-derived tumors commonly involve the head and neck, where they may be associated with bony abnormalities and other systemic symptoms. The reasons for the association between these disorders and local skeletal changes are largely unknown, but such changes may cause significant disease-related morbidity. Ongoing work in molecular and developmental biology is beginning to uncover potential reasons for the bony abnormalities found in head and neck lymphatic disease; this article summarizes current knowledge on possible mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Balakrishnan
- University of Washington, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Levi B, Hyun JS, Nelson ER, Li S, Montoro DT, Wan DC, Jia FJ, Glotzbach JC, James AW, Lee M, Huang M, Quarto N, Gurtner GC, Wu JC, Longaker MT. Nonintegrating knockdown and customized scaffold design enhances human adipose-derived stem cells in skeletal repair. Stem Cells 2012; 29:2018-29. [PMID: 21997852 DOI: 10.1002/stem.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An urgent need exists in clinical medicine for suitable alternatives to available techniques for bone tissue repair. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent a readily available, autogenous cell source with well-documented in vivo osteogenic potential. In this article, we manipulated Noggin expression levels in hASCs using lentiviral and nonintegrating minicircle short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) methodologies in vitro and in vivo to enhance hASC osteogenesis. Human ASCs with Noggin knockdown showed significantly increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, and when placed onto a BMP-releasing scaffold embedded with lentiviral Noggin shRNA particles, hASCs more rapidly healed mouse calvarial defects. This study therefore suggests that genetic targeting of hASCs combined with custom scaffold design can optimize hASCs for skeletal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Levi
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5148, USA
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23
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Enhancement of human adipose-derived stromal cell angiogenesis through knockdown of a BMP-2 inhibitor. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129:53-66. [PMID: 21915082 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182361ff5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the role of noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein-2 inhibitor, in vascular development and angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that noggin suppression in human adipose-derived stromal cells would enhance vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo to a greater extent than bone morphogenetic protein-2 alone. METHODS Human adipose-derived stromal cells were isolated from human lipoaspirate (n = 6) noggin was knocked down using lentiviral techniques. Knockdown was confirmed and angiogenesis was assessed by tubule formation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cells were seeded onto scaffolds and implanted into a 4-mm critical size calvarial defect. In vivo angiogenic signaling was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Human adipose-derived stromal cells with noggin suppression secreted significantly higher amounts of angiogenic proteins, expressed higher levels of angiogenic genes, and formed more tubules in vitro. In vivo, calvarial defects seeded with noggin shRNA human adipose-derived stromal cells exhibited a significantly higher number of vessels in the defect site than controls by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05). In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-2-releasing scaffolds significantly enhanced vascular signaling in the defect site. CONCLUSIONS Human adipose-derived stromal cells demonstrate significant increases in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo with both noggin suppression and BMP-2 supplementation. By creating a cell with noggin suppressed and by using a scaffold with increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 signaling, a more angiogenic niche can be created.
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24
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Meadows SM, Fletcher PJ, Moran C, Xu K, Neufeld G, Chauvet S, Mann F, Krieg PA, Cleaver O. Integration of repulsive guidance cues generates avascular zones that shape mammalian blood vessels. Circ Res 2011; 110:34-46. [PMID: 22076636 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.249847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Positive signals, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, direct endothelial cells (ECs) to specific locations during blood vessel formation. Less is known about repulsive signal contribution to shaping vessels. Recently, "neuronal guidance cues" have been shown to influence EC behavior, particularly in directing sprouting angiogenesis by repelling ECs. However, their role during de novo blood vessel formation remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE To identify signals that guide and pattern the first mammalian blood vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS Using genetic mouse models, we show that blood vessels are sculpted through the generation of stereotyped avascular zones by EC-repulsive cues. We demonstrate that Semaphorin3E (Sema3E) is a key factor that shapes the paired dorsal aortae in mouse, as sema3E(-/-) embryos develop an abnormally branched aortic plexus with a markedly narrowed avascular midline. In vitro cultures and avian grafting experiments show strong repulsion of ECs by Sema3E-expressing cells. We further identify the mouse notochord as a rich source of multiple redundant neuronal guidance cues. Mouse embryos that lack notochords fail to form cohesive aortic vessels because of loss of the avascular midline, yet maintain lateral avascular zones. We demonstrate that lateral avascular zones are directly generated by the lateral plate mesoderm, a critical source of Sema3E. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that Sema3E-generated avascular zones are critical regulators of mammalian cardiovascular patterning and are the first to identify a repulsive role for the lateral plate mesoderm. Integration of multiple, and in some cases redundant, repulsive cues from various tissues is critical to patterning the first embryonic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stryder M Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, NA8.300, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
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25
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Winzi MK, Hyttel P, Dale JK, Serup P. Isolation and characterization of node/notochord-like cells from mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1817-27. [PMID: 21351873 PMCID: PMC3928718 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeobox gene Noto is expressed in the node and its derivative the notochord. Here we use a targeted Noto-GFP reporter to isolate and characterize node/notochord-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. We find very few Noto-expressing cells after spontaneous differentiation. However, the number of Noto-expressing cells was increased when using Activin A to induce a Foxa2- and Brachyury-expressing progenitor population, whose further differentiation into Noto-expressing cells was improved by simultaneous inhibition of BMP, Wnt, and retinoic acid signaling. Noto-GFP(+) cells expressed the node/notochord markers Noto, Foxa2, Shh, Noggin, Chordin, Foxj1, and Brachyury; showed a vacuolarization characteristic of notochord cells; and can integrate into midline structures when grafted into Hensen's node of gastrulating chicken embryos. The ability to generate node/notochord-like cells in vitro will aid the biochemical characterization of these developmentally important structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Winzi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline Kim Dale
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Palle Serup
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
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26
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Garriock RJ, Mikawa T. Early arterial differentiation and patterning in the avian embryo model. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:985-92. [PMID: 22020129 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Of the many models to study vascular biology the avian embryo remains an informative and powerful model system that has provided important insights into endothelial cell recruitment, assembly and remodeling during development of the circulatory system. This review highlights several discoveries in the avian system that show how arterial patterning is regulated using the model of dorsal aortae development along the embryo midline during gastrulation and neurulation. These discoveries were made possible through spatially and temporally controlled gain-of-function experiments that provided direct evidence that BMP signaling plays a pivotal role in vascular recruitment, patterning and remodeling and that Notch-signaling recruits vascular precursor cells to the dorsal aortae. Importantly, BMP ligands are broadly expressed throughout embryos but BMP signaling activation region is spatially defined by precisely regulated expression of BMP antagonists. These discoveries provide insight into how signaling, both positive and negative, regulate vascular patterning. This review also illustrates similarities of early arterial patterning along the embryonic midline in amniotes both avian and mammalians including human, evolutionarily specialized from non-amniotes such as fish and frog.
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27
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein functions as a context-dependent angiogenic cue in vertebrates. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:1012-8. [PMID: 22008724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling has been implicated in diverse biological processes. Although how BMP signaling regulates behaviors of endothelial cells during angiogenesis are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicate functions of BMP signaling components are essential in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here we review recent advances in delineating the functions of BMP signaling during angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss downstream pathways that transduce BMP signaling in endothelial cells, and factors that modulate BMP signaling response in endothelial cells. Finally, we provide recent insight on how BMP signaling functions as a context dependent angiogenic cue.
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28
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Wiley DM, Kim JD, Hao J, Hong CC, Bautch VL, Jin SW. Distinct signalling pathways regulate sprouting angiogenesis from the dorsal aorta and the axial vein. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:686-92. [PMID: 21572418 PMCID: PMC3107371 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is critical to most physiological processes and many pathological conditions. During zebrafish development, angiogenesis expands the axial vessels into a complex vascular network that is necessary for efficient oxygen delivery. Although the dorsal aorta and the axial vein are spatially juxtaposed, the initial angiogenic sprouts from these vessels extend in opposite directions, indicating that distinct cues may regulate angiogenesis of the axial vessels. We found that angiogenic sprouts from the dorsal aorta are dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegf-A) signalling, and do not respond to bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signals. In contrast, sprouts from the axial vein are regulated by Bmp signalling independently of Vegf-A signals, indicating that Bmp is a vein-specific angiogenic cue during early vascular development. Our results support a paradigm whereby different signals regulate distinct programmes of sprouting angiogenesis from the axial vein and dorsal aorta, and indicate that signalling heterogeneity contributes to the complexity of vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Wiley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Victoria L. Bautch
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Department of McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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29
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Kamei CN, Kempf H, Yelin R, Dauod G, James RG, Lassar AB, Tabin CJ, Schultheiss TM. Promotion of avian endothelial cell differentiation by GATA transcription factors. Dev Biol 2011; 353:29-37. [PMID: 21354132 PMCID: PMC3165022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the avian embryo, endothelial cells originate from several sources, including the lateral plate and somite mesoderm. In this study, we show that Gata transcription factors are expressed in the lateral plate and in vasculogenic regions of the avian somite and are able to promote a vascular endothelial fate when ectopically expressed in somite precursors. A fusion of GATA4 to the transcriptional activator VP16 promoted endothelium formation, indicating that GATA transcription factors promote vasculogenesis via activation of downstream targets, while a fusion of GATA4 to the transcriptional repressor engrailed repressed expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2, a marker of endothelial precursors. These findings indicate a role for GATA transcription factors in the differentiation of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caramai N. Kamei
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hervé Kempf
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ronit Yelin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Georges Dauod
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard G. James
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew B. Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J. Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas M. Schultheiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Garriock RJ, Czeisler C, Ishii Y, Navetta AM, Mikawa T. An anteroposterior wave of vascular inhibitor downregulation signals aortae fusion along the embryonic midline axis. Development 2010; 137:3697-706. [PMID: 20940228 DOI: 10.1242/dev.051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine signals, both positive and negative, regulate the positioning and remodeling of embryonic blood vessels. In the embryos of mammals and birds, the first major remodeling event is the fusion of bilateral dorsal aortae at the midline to form the dorsal aorta. Although the original bilaterality of the dorsal aortae occurs as the result of inhibitory factors (antagonists of BMP signaling) secreted from the midline by the notochord, it is unknown how fusion is later signaled. Here, we report that dorsal aortae fusion is tightly regulated by a change in signaling by the notochord along the anteroposterior axis. During aortae fusion, the notochord ceases to exert its negative influence on vessel formation. This is achieved by a transcriptional downregulation of negative regulators while positive regulators are maintained at pre-fusion levels. In particular, Chordin, the most abundant BMP antagonist expressed in the notochord prior to fusion, undergoes a dramatic downregulation in an anterior to posterior wave. With inhibitory signals diminished and sustained expression of the positive factors SHH and VEGF at the midline, fusion of the dorsal aortae is signaled. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which major modifications of the vascular pattern can occur through modulation of vascular inhibitors without changes in the levels of positive vascular regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Garriock
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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32
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Kang HW, Walvick R, Bogdanov A. In vitro and In vivo imaging of antivasculogenesis induced by Noggin protein expression in human venous endothelial cells. FASEB J 2009; 23:4126-34. [PMID: 19692649 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-127795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noggin protein is a potent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist capable of inhibiting vasculogenesis even in the presence of provasculogenic VEGF and FGF-2. We found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) do not express Noggin in culture and used these cells for modeling of antivasculogenesis. We hypothesized that high-efficiency transduction of HUVECs with bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding Noggin and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) enables direct visualization of Noggin effects in homogenous primary cell populations in vitro and in vivo. By comparing HUVECs transduced with a control GFP and GFP/Noggin expression cassettes, we showed that constitutive and orthotopic Noggin protein expression did not influence cell proliferation, down-regulated BMP-2 expression, and showed no effect on BMP receptor transcripts. We demonstrated that in contrast to GFP-only control, Noggin expression in endothelial cells abrogated endothelial migration in response to monolayer injury, blocked endothelial transmigration, and caused abrogation of cord formation in vitro. Adding exogenous BMP-4 restored the formation of cords. Imaging experiments in vivo investigated vessel formation in Matrigel implants in athymic mice by utilizing GFP imaging or magnetic resonance imaging of perfusion in the implants. Both approaches demonstrated the lack of functional vessel formation after the adoptive transfer of GFP/Noggin-expressing human endothelial cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Kang
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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