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Ambekar YS, Caiaffa CD, Wlodarczyk BJ, Singh M, Schill AW, Steele JW, Zhang J, Aglyamov SR, Scarcelli G, Finnell RH, Larin KV. Optical coherence tomography-guided Brillouin microscopy highlights regional tissue stiffness differences during anterior neural tube closure in the Mthfd1l murine mutant. Development 2024; 151:dev202475. [PMID: 38682273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurulation is a highly synchronized biomechanical process leading to the formation of the brain and spinal cord, and its failure leads to neural tube defects (NTDs). Although we are rapidly learning the genetic mechanisms underlying NTDs, the biomechanical aspects are largely unknown. To understand the correlation between NTDs and tissue stiffness during neural tube closure (NTC), we imaged an NTD murine model using optical coherence tomography (OCT), Brillouin microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Here, we associate structural information from OCT with local stiffness from the Brillouin signal of embryos undergoing neurulation. The stiffness of neuroepithelial tissues in Mthfd1l null embryos was significantly lower than that of wild-type embryos. Additionally, exogenous formate supplementation improved tissue stiffness and gross embryonic morphology in nullizygous and heterozygous embryos. Our results demonstrate the significance of proper tissue stiffness in normal NTC and pave the way for future studies on the mechanobiology of normal and abnormal embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwari S Ambekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Carlo Donato Caiaffa
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Alexander W Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Salavat R Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Lu L, Bai M, Zheng Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Peng R, Finnell RH, Zhao T, Li C, Wu B, Lei Y, Li J, Wang H. The interaction of endorepellin and neurexin triggers neuroepithelial autophagy and maintains neural tube development. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00182-8. [PMID: 38702277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) gene encodes the matrix protein Perlecan, and genetic inactivation of this gene creates mice that are embryonic lethal with severe neural tube defects (NTDs). We discovered rare genetic variants of HSPG2 in 10% cases compared to only 4% in controls among a cohort of 369 NTDs. Endorepellin, a peptide cleaved from the domain V of Perlecan, is known to promote angiogenesis and autophagy in endothelial cells. The roles of enderepellin in neurodevelopment remain unclear so far. Our study revealed that endorepellin can migrate to the neuroepithelial cells and then be recognized and bind with the neuroepithelia receptor neurexin in vivo. Through the endocytic pathway, the interaction of endorepellin and neurexin physiologically triggers autophagy and appropriately modulates the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons as a blocker, which is necessary for normal neural tube closure. We created knock-in (KI) mouse models with human-derived HSPG2 variants, using sperm-like stem cells that had been genetically edited by CRISPR/Cas9. We realized that any HSPG2 variants that affected the function of endorepellin were considered pathogenic causal variants for human NTDs given that the severe NTD phenotypes exhibited by these KI embryos occurred in a significantly higher response frequency compared to wildtype embryos. Our study provides a paradigm for effectively confirming pathogenic mutations in other genetic diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that using autophagy inhibitors at a cellular level can repress neuronal differentiation. Therefore, autophagy agonists may prevent NTDs resulting from failed autophagy maintenance and neuronal over-differentiation caused by deleterious endorepellin variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meizhu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, The Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031, USA
| | - Tongjin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chengtao Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77031, USA.
| | - Jinsong Li
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China; Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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3
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Lin S, Wang C, Li Z, Qiu X. Distinct H3K27me3 and H3K27ac Modifications in Neural Tube Defects Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020334. [PMID: 36831877 PMCID: PMC9954656 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs) are not yet fully understood. Although the dysregulation of histone modification in NTDs is recognized, it remains to be fully elucidated on a genome-wide level. We profiled genome-wide H3K27me3 and H3K27ac occupancy by CUT&Tag in neural tissues from ICR mouse embryos with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced NTDs (250 mg kg-1) at E9.5. Furthermore, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the regulation of histone modifications on gene expressions. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were conducted to predict pathways involved in the development of NTDs. Our analysis of histone 3 lysine 27 modification in BaP-NTD neural tissues compared to BaP-nonNTD revealed 6045 differentially trimethylated regions and 3104 acetylated regions throughout the genome, respectively. The functional analysis identified a number of pathways uniquely enriched for BaP-NTD embryos, including known neurodevelopment related pathways such as anterior/posterior pattern specification, ephrin receptor signaling pathway, neuron migration and neuron differentiation. RNA-seq identified 423 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BaP-NTD and BaP-nonNTD group. The combination analysis of CUT&Tag and RNA-seq found that 55 DEGs were modified by H3K27me3 and 25 by H3K27ac in BaP-NTD, respectively. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcriptional factors including Srsf1, Ume6, Zbtb7b, and Cad were predicated to be involved in gene expression regulation. In conclusion, our results provide an overview of histone modifications during neural tube closure and demonstrate a key role of genome-wide alterations in H3K27me3 and H3K27ac in NTDs corresponding with changes in transcription profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Chengrui Wang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission of the China, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); or (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-010-82801760 (Z.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-38367160 (X.Q.)
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Department of Women’s Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Disease and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); or (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-010-82801760 (Z.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-020-38367160 (X.Q.)
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4
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Kalogeropoulou A, Mougkogianni M, Iliadou M, Nikolopoulou E, Flordelis S, Kanellou A, Arbi M, Nikou S, Nieminuszczy J, Niedzwiedz W, Kardamakis D, Bravou V, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Intrinsic neural stem cell properties define brain hypersensitivity to genotoxic stress. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1395-1410. [PMID: 35623353 PMCID: PMC9214316 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired replication has been previously linked to growth retardation and microcephaly; however, why the brain is critically affected compared with other organs remains elusive. Here, we report the differential response between early neural progenitors (neuroepithelial cells [NECs]) and fate-committed neural progenitors (NPs) to replication licensing defects. Our results show that, while NPs can tolerate altered expression of licensing factors, NECs undergo excessive replication stress, identified by impaired replication, increased DNA damage, and defective cell-cycle progression, leading eventually to NEC attrition and microcephaly. NECs that possess a short G1 phase license and activate more origins than NPs, by acquiring higher levels of DNA-bound MCMs. In vivo G1 shortening in NPs induces DNA damage upon impaired licensing, suggesting that G1 length correlates with replication stress hypersensitivity. Our findings propose that NECs possess distinct cell-cycle characteristics to ensure fast proliferation, although these inherent features render them susceptible to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Kalogeropoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Mougkogianni
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Marianna Iliadou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Nikolopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Flordelis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandra Kanellou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 1 Asklepiou Str., University Campus, 26504, Rio, Patras, Greece.
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5
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Wilmerding A, Rinaldi L, Caruso N, Lo Re L, Bonzom E, Saurin AJ, Graba Y, Delfini MC. HoxB genes regulate neuronal delamination in the trunk neural tube by controlling the expression of Lzts1. Development 2021; 148:dev.195404. [PMID: 33472847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Differential Hox gene expression is central for specification of axial neuronal diversity in the spinal cord. Here, we uncover an additional function of Hox proteins in the developing spinal cord, restricted to B cluster Hox genes. We found that members of the HoxB cluster are expressed in the trunk neural tube of chicken embryo earlier than Hox from the other clusters, with poor antero-posterior axial specificity and with overlapping expression in the intermediate zone (IZ). Gain-of-function experiments of HoxB4, HoxB8 and HoxB9, respectively, representative of anterior, central and posterior HoxB genes, resulted in ectopic progenitor cells in the mantle zone. The search for HoxB8 downstream targets in the early neural tube identified the leucine zipper tumor suppressor 1 gene (Lzts1), the expression of which is also activated by HoxB4 and HoxB9. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that Lzts1, which is expressed endogenously in the IZ, controls neuronal delamination. These data collectively indicate that HoxB genes have a generic function in the developing spinal cord, controlling the expression of Lzts1 and neuronal delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalie Caruso
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laure Lo Re
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Bonzom
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
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6
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Chern T, Achilleos A, Tong X, Hsu CW, Wong L, Poché RA. Mouse models to study the pathophysiology of combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblC type. Dev Biol 2020; 468:1-13. [PMID: 32941884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblC type, is the most common inherited disorder of cobalamin metabolism and is characterized by severe fetal developmental defects primarily impacting the central nervous system, hematopoietic system, and heart. CblC was previously shown to be due to mutations in the MMACHC gene, which encodes a protein thought to function in intracellular cobalamin trafficking and biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl). These coenzymes are required for the production of succinyl-CoA and methionine, respectively. However, it is currently unclear whether additional roles for MMACHC exist outside of cobalamin metabolism. Furthermore, due to a lack of sufficient animal models, the exact pathophysiology of cblC remains unknown. Here, we report the generation and characterization of two new mouse models to study the role of MMACHC in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to develop a Mmachc floxed allele (Mmachcflox/flox), which we validated as a conditional null. For a gain-of-function approach, we generated a transgenic mouse line that over-expresses functional Mmachc (Mmachc-OE+/tg) capable of rescuing Mmachc homozygous mutant lethality. Surprisingly, our data also suggest that these mice may exhibit a partially penetrant maternal-effect rescue, which might have implications for in utero therapeutic interventions to treat cblC. Both the Mmachcflox/flox and Mmachc-OE+/tg mouse models will be valuable resources for understanding the biological roles of MMACHC in a variety of tissue contexts and allow for deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of cblC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chern
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefei Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leeyean Wong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ross A Poché
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Lewis EMA, Sankar S, Tong C, Patterson ES, Waller LE, Gontarz P, Zhang B, Ornitz DM, Kroll KL. Geminin is required for Hox gene regulation to pattern the developing limb. Dev Biol 2020; 464:11-23. [PMID: 32450229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of the complex structure of the vertebrate limb requires carefully orchestrated interactions between multiple regulatory pathways and proteins. Among these, precise regulation of 5' Hox transcription factor expression is essential for proper limb bud patterning and elaboration of distinct limb skeletal elements. Here, we identified Geminin (Gmnn) as a novel regulator of this process. A conditional model of Gmnn deficiency resulted in loss or severe reduction of forelimb skeletal elements, while both the forelimb autopod and hindlimb were unaffected. 5' Hox gene expression expanded into more proximal and anterior regions of the embryonic forelimb buds in this Gmnn-deficient model. A second conditional model of Gmnn deficiency instead caused a similar but less severe reduction of hindlimb skeletal elements and hindlimb polydactyly, while not affecting the forelimb. An ectopic posterior SHH signaling center was evident in the anterior hindlimb bud of Gmnn-deficient embryos in this model. This center ectopically expressed Hoxd13, the HOXD13 target Shh, and the SHH target Ptch1, while these mutant hindlimb buds also had reduced levels of the cleaved, repressor form of GLI3, a SHH pathway antagonist. Together, this work delineates a new role for Gmnn in modulating Hox expression to pattern the vertebrate limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M A Lewis
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Savita Sankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Caili Tong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ethan S Patterson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laura E Waller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kristen L Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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8
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Yu J, Wang L, Pei P, Li X, Wu J, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Ao R, Wang S, Zhang T, Xie J. Reduced H3K27me3 leads to abnormal Hox gene expression in neural tube defects. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 31856916 PMCID: PMC6921514 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe, common birth defects that result from failure of normal neural tube closure during early embryogenesis. Accumulating strong evidence indicates that genetic factors contribute to NTDs etiology, among them, HOX genes play a key role in neural tube closure. Although abnormal HOX gene expression can lead to NTDs, the underlying pathological mechanisms have not fully been understood. Method We detected that H3K27me3 and expression of the Hox genes in a retinoic acid (RA) induced mouse NTDs model on E8.5, E9.5 and E10.5 using RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays. Furthermore, we quantified 10 Hox genes using NanoString nCounter in brain tissue of fetuses with 39 NTDs patients including anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephaly and encephalocele. Results Here, our results showed differential expression in 26 genes with a > 20-fold change in the level of expression, including 10 upregulated Hox genes. RT-qPCR revealed that these 10 Hox genes were all upregulated in RA-induced mouse NTDs as well as RA-treated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Using ChIP-seq assays, we demonstrate that a decrease in H3K27me3 level upregulates the expression of Hox cluster A–D in RA-induced mouse NTDs model on E10.5. Interestingly, RA treatment led to attenuation of H3K27me3 due to cooperate between UTX and Suz12, affecting Hox gene regulation. Further analysis, in human anencephaly cases, upregulation of 10 HOX genes was observed, along with aberrant levels of H3K27me3. Notably, HOXB4, HOXC4 and HOXD1 expression was negatively correlated with H3K27me3 levels. Conclusion Our results indicate that abnormal HOX gene expression induced by aberrant H3K27me3 levels may be a risk factor for NTDs and highlight the need for further analysis of genome-wide epigenetic modification in NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Clinical Medical, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Ao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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9
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Champeris Tsaniras S, Delinasios GJ, Petropoulos M, Panagopoulos A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Villiou M, Vlachakis D, Bravou V, Stathopoulos GT, Taraviras S. DNA Replication Inhibitor Geminin and Retinoic Acid Signaling Participate in Complex Interactions Associated With Pluripotency. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2019; 16:593-601. [PMID: 31659113 PMCID: PMC6885373 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Several links between DNA replication, pluripotency and development have been recently identified. The involvement of miRNA in the regulation of cell cycle events and pluripotency factors has also gained attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we used the g:Profiler platform to analyze transcription factor binding sites, miRNA networks and protein-protein interactions to identify novel links among the aforementioned processes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A complex circuitry between retinoic acid signaling, SWI/SNF components, pluripotency factors including Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog and cell cycle regulators was identified. It is suggested that the DNA replication inhibitor geminin plays a central role in this circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Champeris Tsaniras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Athanasios K Anagnostopoulos
- International Institute of Anticancer Research, Kapandriti, Greece
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Villiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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10
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Chen X, Shen WB, Yang P, Dong D, Sun W, Yang P. High Glucose Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:745-755. [PMID: 29695191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes induces neural tube defects by suppressing neurogenesis in the developing neuroepithelium. Our recent study further revealed that high glucose inhibited embryonic stem cell differentiation into neural lineage cells. However, the mechanism whereby high glucose suppresses neural differentiation is unclear. To investigate whether high glucose-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress lead to the inhibition of neural differentiation, the effect of high glucose on neural stem cell (the C17.2 cell line) differentiation was examined. Neural stem cells were cultured in normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) differentiation medium for 3, 5, and 7 days. High glucose suppressed neural stem cell differentiation by significantly decreasing the expression of the neuron marker Tuj1 and the glial cell marker GFAP and the numbers of Tuj1+ and GFAP+ cells. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol reversed high glucose-decreased Tuj1 and GFAP expression and restored the numbers of neurons and glial cells differentiated from neural stem cells. Hydrogen peroxide treatment imitated the inhibitory effect of high glucose on neural stem cell differentiation. Both high glucose and hydrogen peroxide triggered ER stress, whereas Tempol blocked high glucose-induced ER stress. The ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenylbutyrate, abolished the inhibition of high glucose or hydrogen peroxide on neural stem cell differentiation. Thus, oxidative stress and its resultant ER stress mediate the inhibitory effect of high glucose on neural stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Penghua Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daoyin Dong
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Winny Sun
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peixin Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Sankar S, Patterson E, Lewis EM, Waller LE, Tong C, Dearborn J, Wozniak D, Rubin JB, Kroll KL. Geminin deficiency enhances survival in a murine medulloblastoma model by inducing apoptosis of preneoplastic granule neuron precursors. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:725-744. [PMID: 29234490 PMCID: PMC5724806 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer of childhood. Further understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms may define new therapeutic targets. Geminin maintains genome fidelity by controlling re-initiation of DNA replication within a cell cycle. In some contexts, Geminin inhibition induces cancer-selective cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and/or sensitizes cancer cells to Topoisomerase IIα inhibitors such as etoposide, which is used in combination chemotherapies for medulloblastoma. However, Geminin's potential role in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis remained undefined. Here, we found that Geminin is highly expressed in human and mouse medulloblastomas and in murine granule neuron precursor (GNP) cells during cerebellar development. Conditional Geminin loss significantly enhanced survival in the SmoA1 mouse medulloblastoma model. Geminin loss in this model also reduced numbers of preneoplastic GNPs persisting at one postnatal month, while at two postnatal weeks these cells exhibited an elevated DNA damage response and apoptosis. Geminin knockdown likewise impaired human medulloblastoma cell growth, activating G2 checkpoint and DNA damage response pathways, triggering spontaneous apoptosis, and enhancing G2 accumulation of cells in response to etoposide treatment. Together, these data suggest preneoplastic and cancer cell-selective roles for Geminin in medulloblastoma, and suggest that targeting Geminin may impair tumor growth and enhance responsiveness to Topoisomerase IIα-directed chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Sankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Patterson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily M Lewis
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Waller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caili Tong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua Dearborn
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristen L Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Arbi M, Pefani DE, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. Controlling centriole numbers: Geminin family members as master regulators of centriole amplification and multiciliogenesis. Chromosoma 2017; 127:151-174. [PMID: 29243212 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To ensure that the genetic material is accurately passed down to daughter cells during mitosis, dividing cells must duplicate their chromosomes and centrosomes once and only once per cell cycle. The same key steps-licensing, duplication, and segregation-control both the chromosome and the centrosome cycle, which must occur in concert to safeguard genome integrity. Aberrations in genome content or centrosome numbers lead to genomic instability and are linked to tumorigenesis. Such aberrations, however, can also be part of the normal life cycle of specific cell types. Multiciliated cells best exemplify the deviation from a normal centrosome cycle. They are post-mitotic cells which massively amplify their centrioles, bypassing the rule for once-per-cell-cycle centriole duplication. Hundreds of centrioles dock to the apical cell surface and generate motile cilia, whose concerted movement ensures fluid flow across epithelia. The early steps that control the generation of multiciliated cells have lately started to be elucidated. Geminin and the vertebrate-specific GemC1 and McIdas are distantly related coiled-coil proteins, initially identified as cell cycle regulators associated with the chromosome cycle. Geminin is required to ensure once-per-cell-cycle genome replication, while McIdas and GemC1 bind to Geminin and are implicated in DNA replication control. Recent findings highlight Geminin family members as early regulators of multiciliogenesis. GemC1 and McIdas specify the multiciliate cell fate by forming complexes with the E2F4/5 transcription factors to switch on a gene expression program leading to centriole amplification and cilia formation. Positive and negative interactions among Geminin family members may link cell cycle control to centriole amplification and multiciliogenesis, acting close to the point of transition from proliferation to differentiation. We review key steps of centrosome duplication and amplification, present the role of Geminin family members in the centrosome and chromosome cycle, and discuss links with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arbi
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.,CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece.
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13
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Yuan Y, Ma XS, Liang QX, Xu ZY, Huang L, Meng TG, Lin F, Schatten H, Wang ZB, Sun QY. Geminin deletion in pre-meiotic DNA replication stage causes spermatogenesis defect and infertility. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:481-488. [PMID: 28690291 PMCID: PMC5649097 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminin plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation by regulating DNA replication and serves as a transcriptional molecular switch that directs cell fate decisions. Spermatogonia lacking Geminin disappear
during the initial wave of mitotic proliferation, while geminin is not required for meiotic progression of spermatocytes. It is unclear whether geminin plays a role in pre-meiotic DNA replication in later-stage spermatogonia and
their subsequent differentiation. Here, we selectively disrupted Geminin in the male germline using the Stra8-Cre/loxP conditional knockout system.
Geminin-deficient mice showed atrophic testes and infertility, concomitant with impaired spermatogenesis and reduced sperm motility. The number of undifferentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes was significantly
reduced; the pachytene stage was impaired most severely. Expression of cell proliferation-associated genes was reduced in Gmnnfl/Δ; Stra8-Cre testes compared to in controls. Increased
DNA damage, decreased Cdt1, and increased phosphorylation of Chk1/Chk2 were observed in Geminin-deficient germ cells. These results suggest that geminin plays important roles in pre-meiotic DNA replication and
subsequent spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue-Shan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,The Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Xu
- The Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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14
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Zhang L, Cai M, Gong Z, Zhang B, Li Y, Guan L, Hou X, Li Q, Liu G, Xue Z, Yang MH, Ye J, Chin YE, You H. Geminin facilitates FoxO3 deacetylation to promote breast cancer cell metastasis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2159-2175. [PMID: 28436938 DOI: 10.1172/jci90077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geminin expression is essential for embryonic development and the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. In spite of this protective role, geminin is also frequently overexpressed in human cancers and the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in tumor progression remain unclear. The histone deacetylase HDAC3 modulates transcription factors to activate or suppress transcription. Little is known about how HDAC3 specifies substrates for modulation among highly homologous transcription factor family members. Here, we have demonstrated that geminin selectively couples the transcription factor forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) to HDAC3, thereby specifically facilitating FoxO3 deacetylation. We determined that geminin-associated HDAC3 deacetylates FoxO3 to block its transcriptional activity, leading to downregulation of the downstream FoxO3 target Dicer, an RNase that suppresses metastasis. Breast cancer cells depleted of geminin or HDAC3 exhibited poor metastatic potential that was attributed to reduced suppression of the FoxO3-Dicer axis. Moreover, elevated levels of geminin, HDAC3, or both together with decreased FoxO3 acetylation and reduced Dicer expression were detected in aggressive human breast cancer specimens. These results underscore a prominent role for geminin in promoting breast cancer metastasis via the enzyme-substrate-coupling mechanism in HDAC3-FoxO3 complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Meizhen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Bingchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Yuanpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Li Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zengfu Xue
- Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Muh-Hua Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han You
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, and
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15
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Sherman JH, Karpinski BA, Fralish MS, Cappuzzo JM, Dhindsa DS, Thal AG, Moody SA, LaMantia AS, Maynard TM. Foxd4 is essential for establishing neural cell fate and for neuronal differentiation. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28316121 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular factors required for later stages of neuronal differentiation have been identified; however, much less is known about the early events that regulate the initial establishment of the neuroectoderm. We have used an in vitro embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation model to investigate early events of neuronal differentiation and to define the role of mouse Foxd4, an ortholog of a forkhead-family transcription factor central to Xenopus neural plate/neuroectodermal precursor development. We found that Foxd4 is a necessary regulator of the transition from pluripotent ESC to neuroectodermal stem cell, and its expression is necessary for neuronal differentiation. Mouse Foxd4 expression is not only limited to the neural plate but it is also expressed and apparently functions to regulate neurogenesis in the olfactory placode. These in vitro results suggest that mouse Foxd4 has a similar function to its Xenopus ortholog; this was confirmed by successfully substituting murine Foxd4 for its amphibian counterpart in overexpression experiments. Thus, Foxd4 appears to regulate the initial steps in establishing neuroectodermal precursors during initial development of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Sherman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Matthew S Fralish
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Arielle G Thal
- George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sally A Moody
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anthony S LaMantia
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Thomas M Maynard
- Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University SMHS, Washington, District of Columbia
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16
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Tan J, Chen XJ, Shen CL, Zhang HX, Tang LY, Lu SY, Wu WT, Kuang Y, Fei J, Wang ZG. Lacking of palladin leads to multiple cellular events changes which contribute to NTD. Neural Dev 2017; 12:4. [PMID: 28340616 PMCID: PMC5366166 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein palladin plays an important role in cell motility, morphogenesis and adhesion. In mice, Palladin deficient embryos are lethal before embryonic day (E) 15.5, and exhibit severe cranial neural tube and body wall closure defects. However, the mechanism how palladin regulates the process of cranial neural tube closure (NTC) remains unknown. Methods In this paper, we use gene knockout mouse to elucidate the function of palladin in the regulation of NTC process. Results We initially focuse on the expression pattern of palladin and found that in embryonic brain, palladin is predominantly expressed in the neural folds at E9.5. We further check the major cellular events in the neural epithelium that may contribute to NTC during the early embryogenesis. Palladin deficiency leads to a disturbance of cytoskeleton in the neural tube and the cultured neural progenitors. Furthermore, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell differentiation and diminished apical cell apoptosis of neural epithelium are found in palladin deficient embryos. Cell cycle of neural progenitors in Palladin-/- embryos is much shorter than that in wt ones. Cell adhesion shows a reduction in Palladin-/- neural tubes. Conclusions Palladin is expressed with proper spatio-temporal pattern in the neural folds. It plays a crucial role in regulating mouse cranial NTC by modulating cytoskeleton, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and adhesion of neural epithelium. Our findings facilitate further study of the function of palladin and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in NTC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chun-Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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17
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Links between DNA Replication, Stem Cells and Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020045. [PMID: 28125050 PMCID: PMC5333035 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers can be categorized into two groups: those whose frequency increases with age, and those resulting from errors during mammalian development. The first group is linked to DNA replication through the accumulation of genetic mutations that occur during proliferation of developmentally acquired stem cells that give rise to and maintain tissues and organs. These mutations, which result from DNA replication errors as well as environmental insults, fall into two categories; cancer driver mutations that initiate carcinogenesis and genome destabilizing mutations that promote aneuploidy through excess genome duplication and chromatid missegregation. Increased genome instability results in accelerated clonal evolution leading to the appearance of more aggressive clones with increased drug resistance. The second group of cancers, termed germ cell neoplasia, results from the mislocation of pluripotent stem cells during early development. During normal development, pluripotent stem cells that originate in early embryos give rise to all of the cell lineages in the embryo and adult, but when they mislocate to ectopic sites, they produce tumors. Remarkably, pluripotent stem cells, like many cancer cells, depend on the Geminin protein to prevent excess DNA replication from triggering DNA damage-dependent apoptosis. This link between the control of DNA replication during early development and germ cell neoplasia reveals Geminin as a potential chemotherapeutic target in the eradication of cancer progenitor cells.
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18
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Sankar S, Yellajoshyula D, Zhang B, Teets B, Rockweiler N, Kroll KL. Gene regulatory networks in neural cell fate acquisition from genome-wide chromatin association of Geminin and Zic1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37412. [PMID: 27881878 PMCID: PMC5121602 DOI: 10.1038/srep37412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural cell fate acquisition is mediated by transcription factors expressed in nascent neuroectoderm, including Geminin and members of the Zic transcription factor family. However, regulatory networks through which this occurs are not well defined. Here, we identified Geminin-associated chromatin locations in embryonic stem cells and Geminin- and Zic1-associated locations during neural fate acquisition at a genome-wide level. We determined how Geminin deficiency affected histone acetylation at gene promoters during this process. We integrated these data to demonstrate that Geminin associates with and promotes histone acetylation at neurodevelopmental genes, while Geminin and Zic1 bind a shared gene subset. Geminin- and Zic1-associated genes exhibit embryonic nervous system-enriched expression and encode other regulators of neural development. Both Geminin and Zic1-associated peaks are enriched for Zic1 consensus binding motifs, while Zic1-bound peaks are also enriched for Sox3 motifs, suggesting co-regulatory potential. Accordingly, we found that Geminin and Zic1 could cooperatively activate the expression of several shared targets encoding transcription factors that control neurogenesis, neural plate patterning, and neuronal differentiation. We used these data to construct gene regulatory networks underlying neural fate acquisition. Establishment of this molecular program in nascent neuroectoderm directly links early neural cell fate acquisition with regulatory control of later neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Sankar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dhananjay Yellajoshyula
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bryan Teets
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Rockweiler
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristen L Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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19
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Patmanidi AL, Champeris Tsaniras S, Karamitros D, Kyrousi C, Lygerou Z, Taraviras S. Concise Review: Geminin-A Tale of Two Tails: DNA Replication and Transcriptional/Epigenetic Regulation in Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 35:299-310. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitris Karamitros
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Christina Kyrousi
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of Biology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology; Medical School, University of Patras; Rio Patras Greece
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20
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Adler-Wailes DC, Kramer JA, DePamphilis ML. Geminin Is Essential for Pluripotent Cell Viability During Teratoma Formation, but Not for Differentiated Cell Viability During Teratoma Expansion. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:285-302. [PMID: 27821018 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are unusual in that geminin has been reported to be essential either to prevent differentiation by maintaining expression of pluripotency genes or to prevent DNA rereplication-dependent apoptosis. To distinguish between these two incompatible hypotheses, immune-compromised mice were inoculated subcutaneously with ESCs harboring conditional Gmnn alleles alone or together with a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase gene. Mice were then injected with tamoxifen at various times during which the ESCs proliferated and differentiated into a teratoma. For comparison, the same ESCs were cultured in vitro in the presence of monohydroxytamoxifen. The results revealed that geminin is a haplosufficient gene that is essential for ESC viability before they differentiate into a teratoma, but once a teratoma is established, the differentiated cells can continue to proliferate in the absence of Gmnn alleles, geminin protein, and pluripotent stem cells. Thus, differentiated cells did not require geminin for efficient proliferation within the context of a solid tissue, although they did when teratoma cells were cultured in vitro. These results provide proof-of-principle that preventing geminin function could prevent malignancy in tumors derived from pluripotent cells by selectively eliminating the progenitor cells with little harm to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Adler-Wailes
- 1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua A Kramer
- 2 Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- 1 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
The mechanism that duplicates the nuclear genome during the trillions of cell divisions required to develop from zygote to adult is the same throughout the eukarya, but the mechanisms that determine where, when and how much nuclear genome duplication occur regulate development and differ among the eukarya. They allow organisms to change the rate of cell proliferation during development, to activate zygotic gene expression independently of DNA replication, and to restrict nuclear DNA replication to once per cell division. They allow specialized cells to exit their mitotic cell cycle and differentiate into polyploid cells, and in some cases, to amplify the number of copies of specific genes. It is genome duplication that drives evolution, by virtue of the errors that inevitably occur when the same process is repeated trillions of times. It is, unfortunately, the same errors that produce age-related genetic disorders such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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23
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High proliferation index, as determined by immunohistochemical expression of Aurora kinase B and geminin, indicates poor prognosis in neuroblastomas. Virchows Arch 2015. [PMID: 26199132 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Expression profile analysis of cell cycle biomarkers provides a powerful index of the proliferative state of tumors, which is linked to disease aggressiveness. We investigated the impact of the biomarkers of S-G2-M phases of cell cycle, Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and geminin (GMNN), on disease progression in neuroblastomas. The expression of AURKB and GMNN was studied by immunostaining 84 neuroblastomas. A proliferation index (PI) was obtained on scanned immunostained slides using image analysis software. The median PI was 8.5 % for AURKB- and 16.8 % for GMNN-stained slides with a high correlation between the two (r s = 0.72, P < 0.001). The PI for both markers was significantly higher in neuroblastomas from patients with unfavorable clinical (high-risk group, advanced stage, age ≥18 months at presentation, primary abdominal compared to extra-abdominal sites), biological (MYCN amplification, 1p deletion, 17q gain), and pathological (undifferentiated or poorly differentiated status, high mitosis-karyorrhexis index, [MKI], unfavorable histology) factors. Using Cox regression models, a higher-than-median AURKB and GMNN PI was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, a high AURKB PI was associated with significantly shorter OS and EFS, independent of MYCN amplification, and significantly shorter EFS, independent of MKI. High GMNN PI was also associated with significantly shorter OS and EFS after adjusting for MYCN amplification but failed to reach statistical significance after adjusting for MKI. Our study shows that in neuroblastomas, AURKB- or GMNN-based PI provides valuable prognostic information and high PI indicates aggressive disease.
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Huang YY, Kaneko KJ, Pan H, DePamphilis ML. Geminin is Essential to Prevent DNA Re-Replication-Dependent Apoptosis in Pluripotent Cells, but not in Differentiated Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3239-53. [PMID: 26140583 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Geminin is a dual-function protein unique to multicellular animals with roles in modulating gene expression and preventing DNA re-replication. Here, we show that geminin is essential at the beginning of mammalian development to prevent DNA re-replication in pluripotent cells, exemplified by embryonic stem cells, as they undergo self-renewal and differentiation. Embryonic stem cells, embryonic fibroblasts, and immortalized fibroblasts were characterized before and after geminin was depleted either by gene ablation or siRNA. Depletion of geminin under conditions that promote either self-renewal or differentiation rapidly induced DNA re-replication, followed by DNA damage, then a DNA damage response, and finally apoptosis. Once differentiation had occurred, geminin was no longer essential for viability, although it continued to contribute to preventing DNA re-replication induced DNA damage. No relationship was detected between expression of geminin and genes associated with either pluripotency or differentiation. Thus, the primary role of geminin at the beginning of mammalian development is to prevent DNA re-replication-dependent apoptosis, a role previously believed essential only in cancer cells. These results suggest that regulation of gene expression by geminin occurs only after pluripotent cells differentiate into cells in which geminin is not essential for viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Huang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kotaro J Kaneko
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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