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Sato N, Tsujimoto M, Nakatsuji M, Tsuji H, Sugama Y, Shimazu K, Shimoda M, Ishihara H. Flow cytometric analysis for Ki67 assessment in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue. BMC Biol 2024; 22:181. [PMID: 39183273 PMCID: PMC11346000 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologists commonly employ the Ki67 immunohistochemistry labelling index (LI) when deciding appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer. However, despite several attempts at standardizing the Ki67 LI, inter-observer and inter-laboratory bias remain problematic. We developed a flow cytometric assay that employed tissue dissociation, enzymatic treatment and a gating process to analyse Ki67 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue. RESULTS We demonstrated that mechanical homogenizations combined with thrombin treatment can be used to recover efficiently intact single-cell nuclei from FFPE breast cancer tissue. Ki67 in the recovered cell nuclei retained reactivity against the MIB-1 antibody, which has been widely used in clinical settings. Additionally, since the method did not alter the nucleoskeletal structure of tissues, the nuclei of cancer cells can be enriched in data analysis based on differences in size and complexity of nuclei of lymphocytes and normal mammary cells. In a clinical study using the developed protocol, Ki67 positivity was correlated with the Ki67 LI obtained by hot spot analysis by a pathologist in Japan (rho = 0.756, P < 0.0001). The number of cancer cell nuclei subjected to the analysis in our assay was more than twice the number routinely checked by pathologists in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed the application of this new flow cytometry method could potentially be used to standardize Ki67 assessments in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Sato
- Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd, 2-4-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Daini Osaka Police Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-Ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan
- Present Address: Osaka Pathology and Cytology Laboratory, 2-2-26 Kunijima, Higashiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakatsuji
- Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd, 2-4-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsuji
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayamacho, Tennoji-Ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugama
- Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd, 2-4-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishihara
- Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd, 2-4-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8489, Japan.
- Department of Research Support, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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Vasilevska D, Rudaitis V, Lewkowicz D, Širvienė D, Mickys U, Semczuk M, Obrzut B, Semczuk A. Expression Patterns of Cytokeratins (CK7, CK20, CK19, CK AE1/AE3) in Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia Coexisting with Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9084. [PMID: 39201770 PMCID: PMC11354644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated cytokeratin's (CK) staining patterns in atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) coexisting with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). We aimed to assess the staining patterns of selected CKs (CK7, CK19, CK20, CK AE1/AE3) in 74 patients with coexisting AEH and EC by independently analyzing both morphological variables. Specimens were collected from women with AEH and EC who underwent surgical interventions between 2012 and 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Vilnius University Hospital "Santaros Klinikos" in Vilnius, Lithuania. Immunostaining was also qualitatively classified as being heterogeneous or intense. The results revealed heterogeneous CK7 expression in all AEH cases and intense staining in 95.95% cases of AEH. The heterogeneous expression of CK7 was detected in all EC specimens. Intense CK7 expression was observed in 95.09% cases of EC G1 and in all G2 ECs. Heterogenous CK19 expression was present in all AEH specimens with intense staining in 92.42% of cases. Heterogeneous CK19 expression was observed in all EC samples with intense expression in 86.27% cases of EC G1 and 100% cases of EC G2. Interestingly, a significant relationship was found when comparing the heterogeneous expression of CK19 between AEH and well-differentiated EC. A significant difference was reported in the intense expression of CK AE1/AE3 (p = 0.031; p = 0.029) between AEH and G2 ECs and in the intense expression of CK AE1/AE3 between G1 and G2 ECs. CK20 staining was not a characteristic feature for AEH and early-stage EC. CK staining is present either in AEH or in early-stage endometrioid-subtype EC in different manners. Heterogeneous CK19 expression was significantly more common in AEH than in EC. CK20 expression was not associated with either AEH nor early-stage EC. An intense expression of CK AE1/AE3 was mainly present in moderately differentiated ECs, whereas the intense reactivity of AE1/AE3 showed a significant difference in well to moderately differentiated uterine tumors. The clinical implication of CK staining may aid in the more accurate diagnosis of AEH and early-stage EC as well as detect micrometastases leading to better oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Vasilevska
- Department of Gynecology, Vilnius University Hospital “Santaros Klinikos”, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Rudaitis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dorota Lewkowicz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lublin Medical University, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Ugnius Mickys
- National Centre of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital “Santaros Klinikos”, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Marek Semczuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Radom University, 26600 Radom, Poland
| | - Bogdan Obrzut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Semczuk
- IInd Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Lublin Medical University, 20090 Lublin, Poland
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Zhao Y. A novel mutation in PTEN in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A case report. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:127. [PMID: 39006510 PMCID: PMC11240280 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and accounts for a high proportion of thyroid cancer deaths. The present study reported on a 56-year-old male patient with ATC and examined the clinical manifestations, pathological features, differential diagnosis and genetic mutations. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for vimentin, Ki-67 and cytokeratin in the tumor specimen. In addition, pathological mitotic figures of tumor cells and intra-lymph node metastasis were observed. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of a novel mutation (c.388C>T, p.R130X) in exon 5 of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, which was first detected in ATC. Gene conservation analysis showed that R130 is a highly conserved amino acid. Protein structure model predictions implied that p.R130X mutation results in a severe defect of the C2 domain and the TAD domain of PTEN, which may be a reason for the high malignancy of the tumor. The present case report highlights a novel mutation of PTEN in ATC, which expands the molecular spectrum of PTEN and further underlines the importance of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041099, P.R. China
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Hoshino H, Inoue D, Shinagawa A, Yoshida H, Shigeto S, Matsuda K, Akama TO, Yoshida Y, Kobayashi M. Establishment of a human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line mutant in PIK3CB but not PIK3CA. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1184-1193. [PMID: 38573494 PMCID: PMC11194194 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
A human ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line was established from a 46-year-old Japanese woman. That line, designated MTC-22, has proliferated continuously for over 6 months in conventional RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and has been passaged over 50 times. MTC-22 doubling-time is ~ 18 h, which is much shorter than most ovarian clear cell carcinoma lines reported to date. Morphologically, MTC-22 cells exhibit polygonal shapes and proliferate to form a monolayer in a jigsaw puzzle-like arrangement without contact inhibition. Ultrastructurally, cells exhibit numerous intracytoplasmic glycogen granules and well-developed mitochondria. G-band karyotype analysis indicated that cells have a complex karyotype close to tetraploid. We observed that the expression pattern of a series of ovarian carcinoma-related molecules in MTC-22 cells was identical to that seen in the patient's tumour tissue. Notably, MTC-22 cells, and the patient's carcinoma tissue, expressed low-sulphated keratan sulphate recognised by R-10G and 294-1B1 monoclonal antibodies, a hallmark of non-mucinous ovarian carcinoma, and particularly of clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, characteristic point mutations-one in ARID1A, which encodes the AT-rich interaction domain containing protein 1A, and the other in PIK3CB, which encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-were seen in the patient's tumour tissue and retained in MTC-22 cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that MTC-22 cells could serve as a valuable tool for investigating the pathophysiology of ovarian clear cell carcinoma, particularly that harbouring PIK3CB mutations, and for developing and validating new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this life-threatening malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Akiko Shinagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Hisato Yoshida
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shohei Shigeto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya O Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
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Jacobsen F, Pushpadevan R, Viehweger F, Freytag M, Schlichter R, Gorbokon N, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Putri D, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Minner S, Steurer S, Simon R, Burandt E, Dum D, Lutz F, Marx AH, Krech T, Clauditz TS. Cadherin-17 (CDH17) expression in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,131 tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155175. [PMID: 38452580 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a membranous cell adhesion protein predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CDH17 is therefore considered a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study was to comprehensively determine the expression of CDH17 in cancer and to further assess the diagnostic utility of CDH17 immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray containing 14,948 interpretable samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by IHC. In normal tissues, a membranous CDH17 staining was predominantly seen in the epithelium of the intestine and pancreatic excretory ducts. In tumors, 53 of 150 analyzed categories showed CDH17 positivity including 26 categories with at least one strongly positive case. CDH17 positivity was most common in epithelial and neuroendocrine colorectal neoplasms (50.0%-100%), other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (42.7%-61.6%), mucinous ovarian cancer (61.1%), pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (28.6%), cervical adenocarcinoma (52.6%), bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (40.5-69.8%), and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (5.6%-100%). OnIy 9.9% of 182 pulmonary adenocarcinomas were CDH17 positive. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, reduced CDH17 staining was linked to high pT (p = 0.0147), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0041), V1 (p = 0.0025), L1 (p = 0.0054), location in the right colon (p = 0.0033), and microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001). The CDH17 expression level was unrelated to tumor phenotype in gastric and pancreatic cancer. In summary, our comprehensive overview on CDH17 expression in human tumors identified various tumor entities that might often benefit from anti-CDH17 therapies and suggest utility of CDH17 IHC for the distinction of metastatic gastrointestinal or bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (often positive) from primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas (mostly negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramesh Pushpadevan
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Devita Putri
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhu YF, Liu ML, Zheng WT, Fu F, Xue ES, Fan XQ, Zhang HP, Lian GT, Ye Q. Predictive Model of CK7 Expression in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Combined Multimodal Ultrasound Diagnostic Techniques: A Retrospective Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:520-527. [PMID: 38281886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the work described here was to develop and validate a predictive model for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients by combining multimodal ultrasound diagnostic techniques. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 157 surgically confirmed ccRCC patients. All patients underwent pre-operative multimodal ultrasound diagnostic examinations, including B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The patients were randomly divided into a training group (103 cases) and a testing group (54 cases). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in the training group to identify independent indicators associated with CK7 positivity. These indicators were included in the predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model's discriminative ability and accuracy. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and nomogram visualization were used to assess the clinical utility of the predictive model. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that US and CDFI observations were not correlated with CK7 expression and could not predict it. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.953, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.909-0.999), wash-in pattern (OR = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.063-0.513) and enhancement homogeneity (OR = 11.610, 95% CI: 1.394-96.675) as independent factors related to CK7 positivity in ccRCC. Incorporating these variables into the predictive model resulted in areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.812 (95% CI: 0.711-0.913) for the training group and 0.792 (95% CI: 0.667-0.924) for the testing group. The calibration curve and DCA revealed that the model had good accuracy and clinical utility of the model. CONCLUSION The combination of multimodal ultrasound diagnostic techniques in constructing a predictive model for CK7 expression in ccRCC patients has significant predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mao-Lin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fen Fu
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - En-Sheng Xue
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Fan
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guang-Tian Lian
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Ultrasound/Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Szumera-Cieckiewicz A, Massi D, Cassisa A, Krzyzinski M, Dudzisz-Sledz M, Biecek P, Rutkowski P, Marszalek A, Hoang MP, Donizy P. SATB2, CKAE1/AE3, and synaptophysin as a sensitive immunohistochemical panel for the detection of lymph node metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:629-636. [PMID: 38066198 PMCID: PMC11062961 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes in Merkel cell carcinoma has become crucial in progression estimation and treatment modification. This study was undertaken to determine the most sensitive immunohistochemical panel for detecting MCC nodal metastases. We included 56 patients with 102 metastatic MCC lymph nodes, which were tested with seven antibodies: cytokeratin (CKAE1/AE3), CK20, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, INSM1, SATB2, and neurofilament (NF). Tissue microarrays (TMA) composed of 2-mm tissue cores from each nodal metastasis were constructed. A semiquantitative 5-tier scoring system (0%, < 25%, 25-74%, 75-99%, 100% positive MCC cells with moderate to strong reactivity) was implemented. In the statistical assessment, we included Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) status and expression heterogeneity between lymph nodes from one patient. A cumulative percentage of moderate to strong expression ≥ 75% of tumoral cells was observed for single cell markers as follows: 91/102 (89.2%) SATB2, 85/102 (83%) CKAE1/AE3, 80/102 (78.4%) synaptophysin, 75/102 (75.5%) INSM1, 68/102 (66.7%) chromogranin A, 60/102 cases (58.8%) CK20, and 0/102 (0%) NF. Three markers presented a complete lack of immunoreactivity: 8/102 (7.8%) CK20, 7/102 (6.9%) chromogranin A, and 6/102 (5.9%) NF. All markers showed expression heterogeneity in lymph nodes from one patient; however, the most homogenous was INSM1. The probability of detecting nodal MCC metastases was the highest while using SATB2 as a first-line marker (89.2%) with subsequential adding CKAE1/AE3 (99%); these results were independent of MCPyV status. Synaptophysin showed a superior significance in confirming the neuroendocrine origin of metastatic cells. This comprehensive analysis allows us to recommend simultaneous evaluation of SATB2, CKAE1/AE3, and synaptophysin in the routine pathologic MCC lymph node protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szumera-Cieckiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
- Member of EORTC Melanoma Pathology Working Group, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Daniela Massi
- Member of EORTC Melanoma Pathology Working Group, Brussels, Belgium
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Cassisa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Oncology, San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital, USL Centro Toscana, Florence, Italy
| | - Mateusz Krzyzinski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dudzisz-Sledz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Fang CH, Cheng WF, Cheng YF, Lan KL, Lee JM. Characterization of tumoricidal activities mediated by a novel immune cell regimen composing interferon-producing killer dendritic cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:395. [PMID: 38549061 PMCID: PMC10979599 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune cell therapy has long been used for treating solid cancer, its efficacy remains limited. Interferon (IFN)-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) exhibit cytotoxicity and present antigens to relevant cells; thus, they can selectively induce tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8 T cells and may be useful in cancer treatment. Various protocols have been used to amplify human IKDCs from peripheral sources, but the complexity of the process has prevented their widespread clinical application. Additionally, the induction of TAA-specific CD8 T cells through the adoptive transfer of IKDCs to immunocompromised patients with cancer may be insufficient. Therefore, we developed a method for generating an immune cell-based regimen, Phyduxon-T, comprising a human IKDC counterpart (Phyduxon) and expanded TAA-specific CD8 T cells. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ovarian cancer patients were cultured with human interleukin (hIL)-15, hIL-12, and hIL-18 to generate Phyduxon-T. Then, its phenotype, cytotoxicity, and antigen-presenting function were evaluated through flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Phyduxon exhibited the characteristics of both natural killer and dendritic cells. This regimen also exhibited cytotoxicity against primary ovarian cancer cells and presented TAAs, thereby inducing TAA-specific CD8 T cells, as evidenced by the expression of 4-1BB and IFN-γ. Notably, the Phyduxon-T manufacturing protocol effectively expanded IFN-γ-producing 4-1BB+ TAA-specific CD8 T cells from peripheral sources; these cells exhibited cytotoxic activities against ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Phyduxon-T, which is a combination of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and TAA-specific CD8 T cells, may enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Fang
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- FullHope Biomedical Co.,Ltd, 10F., No. 10, Ln. 609, Sec. 5, Chongxin Rd., Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City, 241405, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Cheng
- FullHope Biomedical Co.,Ltd, 10F., No. 10, Ln. 609, Sec. 5, Chongxin Rd., Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City, 241405, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Department of Heavy Particles & Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Beitou Dist., Taipei City, 112304, Taiwan.
| | - Jan-Mou Lee
- FullHope Biomedical Co.,Ltd, 10F., No. 10, Ln. 609, Sec. 5, Chongxin Rd., Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City, 241405, Taiwan.
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9
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Kanzaki R, Nagoya A, Taniguchi S, Ishida H, Kimura K, Fukui E, Kimura T, Kanou T, Ose N, Funaki S, Minami M, Morii E, Shintani Y. Surgery for pulmonary lesions in patients with a history of urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:117. [PMID: 38475921 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little information on the actual diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in patients with a history of urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and short- and long- outcomes of pulmonary resection for these patients. METHODS In the present study, the data of 37 consecutive patients with a history of TCC who underwent pulmonary resection for solitary pulmonary lesions were reviewed, and the clinical factors and short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The study population included 35 male patients, and 2 female patients. The mean age was 72.5 years. Twenty patients (80%) were smokers and showed a high incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary lesions and primary TCC were detected simultaneously in 5 patients and metachronously in 32 patients. The median interval between treatment for primary TCC and the detection of pulmonary lesion was 43 months. The mean tumor diameter was 23 mm. The types of resection included lobectomy (n = 19), segmentectomy (n = 8), and partial resection (n = 10). Twelve of 37 patients (32%) developed postoperative complications. The pathological diagnoses included primary lung cancer (n = 28), pulmonary metastasis from TCC (n = 7), and others (n = 2). The 5-year overall survival rate for all patients was 72%. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with primary lung cancer was 74%, while that of patients with pulmonary metastasis from TCC was 57%. CONCLUSIONS Surgery can be proactively considered for treating pulmonary lesions in patients with a previous history of TCC, as it provides favorable long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Kanzaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Nagoya
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Taniguchi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ishida
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanou
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Ose
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Minami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, L5-2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Patel KR, Espinoza AF, Urbicain M, Patel RH, Major A, Sarabia SF, Lopez-Terrada D, Vasudevan SA, Woodfield SE. Histopathologic and immunophenotypic characterization of patient-derived pediatric malignant hepatocellular tumor xenografts (PDXs). Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155163. [PMID: 38394806 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Advances in targeted therapies for pediatric hepatocellular tumors have been limited due to a paucity of clinically relevant models. Establishment and validation of intrahepatic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models would help bridging this gap. The aim of this study is to compare the histomorphologic and immunophenotypic fidelity of patient tumors and their corresponding intrahepatic PDX models. Murine PDX models were established by intrahepatic implantation of patient tumors. Pathology slides from both patients and their corresponding PDX models were reviewed and quantitatively assessed for various histologic components and immunophenotypic markers. Ten PDX models were successfully established from nine patients with pre- (n=3) and post- (n=6) chemotherapy samples; diagnosed of hepatoblastoma (n=8) and hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (n=1). Two of nine (22.2%) patients showed ≥75% fetal component; however, the corresponding PDX models did not maintain this fetal differentiation. High grade histology was seen in three patients (33.3%) and overrepresented in six PDX models (60%). Within the subset of three PDXs that were further characterized, significant IHC concordance was seen in all 3 models for CK7, CK19, Ki-67, and p53; and 2 of 3 models for Sox9 and Beta-catenin. GPC-3 and GS showed variable to moderate concordance, while Hepar was the least concordant. Our study shows that in general, the PDX models appear to represent the higher-grade component of the original tumor and show significant concordance for Ki-67, making them appropriate tools for testing new therapies for the most aggressive, therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Anatomic Pathology Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andres F Espinoza
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Urbicain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roma H Patel
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Anatomic Pathology Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Genomic Medicine Division, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Algarin YA, Roberts AA, Chu TW. Painless cheek nodule. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 45:53-55. [PMID: 38379877 PMCID: PMC10876484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanci A. Algarin
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alice A. Roberts
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Thomas W. Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Kirschnick LB, Schuch LF, Gondak R, Rivero ERC, Gomes APN, Etges A, Tarquinio SBC, Mesquita RA, Caldeira PC, da Costa AAS, Mendonça EF, Dos Santos JN, Smit C, Robinson L, Tager EMJR, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Pontes HAR, de Andrade BAB, Fonseca TC, Abrahão AC, Agostini M, Romañach MJ, Alves FA, Jaguar GC, de Mendonça NF, Pinto MBR, da Silva LC, Lopes MA, Vargas PA, van Heerden W, Abreu LG, Martins MD, Vasconcelos ACU. Clinicopathological Features of Metastasis to the Oral and Maxillofacial Region-Multicenter Study. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:910-920. [PMID: 37902929 PMCID: PMC10739623 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of metastases in the oral and maxillofacial regions. METHODS In this retrospective study, biopsy records were obtained from referral centers for oral and maxillofacial diagnosis in Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa. RESULTS A total of 120 cases were evaluated. Of these, 53.78% affected female patients, with a mean age of 57.64 years. Intraosseous lesions were more frequent, particularly in the posterior region of the mandible (49.58%). Clinically, most cases presented with symptomatic swelling, with an average evolution time of 25 months. The clinical diagnostic hypothesis in most instances was that of a malignant lesion. Breast cancer was the most common primary tumor location in females, while lung origin was most common in males. In most cases, the primary cancer was an adenocarcinoma (44.73%). The follow-up period was available for 29 cases, and out of these, 20 had died due to the disease. CONCLUSION Although this is a rare condition, clinicians should be aware that any oral lesions have the possibility of being metastatic, particularly in individuals with a previous history of cancer. The findings from this study could assist clinicians in prompt diagnosing these lesions and subsequent conducting oncologic assessments and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borges Kirschnick
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Gondak
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Etges
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Carlos Caldeira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry and Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Chané Smit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elena María José Román Tager
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Pathology Section, Clinical Center of Head and Neck/Hospital Herrera Llerandi, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | - Thamyres Campos Fonseca
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Corrêa Abrahão
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mário José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Abreu Alves
- Stomatology Department, A. C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luan César da Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Willie van Heerden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Uchoa Vasconcelos
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, Dental School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
- Centro de Diagnóstico das Doenças da Boca - CDDB, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 457, sala 607 , Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Botto I, Moiteiro Cruz R, Noronha Ferreira C, Valente AI, Carrilho-Ribeiro L, Tato-Marinho R, Ferreira C, Correia L. Simultaneous Gastric and Colonic Metastasis of Breast Cancer. ACG Case Rep J 2023; 10:e01168. [PMID: 37811366 PMCID: PMC10553002 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women, metastasization to the gastrointestinal tract is rare. We present a 59-year-old woman with simultaneous gastric and colonic metastasis of invasive lobular breast carcinoma. She had been diagnosed with BC and underwent surgery and systemic therapy. Two years later, an increase in tumor markers motivated investigation, including upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, which identified gastric ulcers and mucosal irregularity in the cecum. Histopathological analysis was compatible with gastric and colonic metastases from BC. We highlight the importance of biopsying every endoscopically visible lesion in patients with BC history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Botto
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael Moiteiro Cruz
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Noronha Ferreira
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Valente
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis Carrilho-Ribeiro
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Tato-Marinho
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis Correia
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Doganyigit Z, Eroglu E, Okan A. Intermediate filament proteins are reliable immunohistological biomarkers to help diagnose multiple tissue-specific diseases. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:655-672. [PMID: 37329162 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal networks are proteins that effectively maintain cell integrity and provide mechanical support to cells by actively transmitting mechanical signals. Intermediate filaments, which are from the cytoskeleton family and are 10 nanometres in diameter, are unlike actin and microtubules, which are highly dynamic cytoskeletal elements. Intermediate filaments are flexible at low strain, harden at high strain and resist breaking. For this reason, these filaments fulfil structural functions by providing mechanical support to the cells through their different strain-hardening properties. Intermediate filaments are suitable in that cells both cope with mechanical forces and modulate signal transmission. These filaments are composed of fibrous proteins that exhibit a central α-helical rod domain with a conserved substructure. Intermediate filament proteins are divided into six groups. Type I and type II include acidic and basic keratins, type III, vimentin, desmin, peripheralin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Type IV intermediate filament group includes neurofilament proteins and a fourth neurofilament subunit, α-internexin proteins. Type V consists of lamins located in the nucleus, and the type VI group consists of lens-specific intermediate filaments, CP49/phakinin and filen. Intermediate filament proteins show specific immunoreactivity in differentiating cells and mature cells of various types. Various carcinomas such as colorectal, urothelial and ovarian, diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis and cataract have been associated with intermediate filaments. Accordingly, this section reviews available immunohistochemical antibodies to intermediate filament proteins. Identification of intermediate filament proteins by methodological methods may contribute to the understanding of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ece Eroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Aslı Okan
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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15
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Da Cunha T, Restrepo D, Abi-Saleh S, Dharan M. Breast cancer metastasizing to the upper gastrointestinal tract (the esophagus and the stomach): A comprehensive review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1332-1341. [PMID: 37663940 PMCID: PMC10473935 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer can infrequently metastasize to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract but the exact incidence is not well established-there is considerable variation between incidence reported from clinical studies and incidence noted in autopsy series. Clinical presentation can be very non-specific and often mimics primary gastrointestinal conditions. Endoscopy alone may not be sufficient to make a diagnosis and misdiagnosis is also common. A high degree of awareness and clinical suspicion is required to establish metastases to the upper GI tract. We undertook a comprehensive review of the available literature on breast cancer metastases to the esophagus and stomach including the clinical symptoms and presentation, endoscopic features, additional diagnostic imaging modalities, treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Da Cunha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - David Restrepo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Simon Abi-Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Murali Dharan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
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16
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FABP1 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 17,071 tumors. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:945-961. [PMID: 35951102 PMCID: PMC9734244 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) play a pivotal role in the metabolism of fatty acids and are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. FABP1 is most abundantly expressed in the liver where it accounts for about 10% of the total cytosolic protein and is thought to have diagnostic utility. To comprehensively determine FABP1 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,071 samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Among normal tissues, a strong FABP1 immunostaining was observed in hepatocytes, proximal tubuli of the kidney and epithelium of small intestine, appendix, and the colorectum. FABP1 positivity was found in 24 of 150 tumor categories, including 17 tumor categories with at least 1 strongly positive case. The highest FABP1 positivity rates were seen in colorectal adenomas (86%), in colorectal adenocarcinomas (71.1%), and in hepatocellular carcinomas (65.3%), followed by mucinous carcinoma of the ovary (34.6%), cholangiocarcinoma (21.6%), and various adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract (10-23%). Eleven additional entities had positivity rates between 0.2 and 6.5%. FABP1 staining was not seen in 169 primary adenocarcinomas of the lung. In colorectal cancer, reduced FABP1 expression was linked to poor-grade, right-sided tumor location, microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001 each), and absence of BRAF V600E mutations (p = 0.001), but unrelated to pT and pN status. FABP1 expression has considerably high tumor specificity. As FABP1 expression was virtually absent in adenocarcinomas of the lung, FABP1 immunohistochemistry might be particularly helpful to assist in the identification of metastatic colorectal or gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma to the lung.
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