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Kasula V, Padala V, Gupta N, Doyle D, Bagheri K, Anastasio A, Adams SB. The Use of Extracellular Vesicles in Achilles Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:942. [PMID: 38790904 PMCID: PMC11117955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) pathologies are common musculoskeletal conditions that can significantly impair function. Despite various traditional treatments, recovery is often slow and may not restore full functionality. The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their role in cell signaling and tissue regeneration. This systematic review aims to consolidate current in vivo animal study findings on the therapeutic effects of EVs on AT injuries. An extensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases for in vivo animal studies examining the effects of EVs on AT pathologies. The extracted variables included but were not limited to the study design, type of EVs used, administration methods, efficacy of treatment, and proposed therapeutic mechanisms. After screening, 18 studies comprising 800 subjects were included. All but one study reported that EVs augmented wound healing processes in the AT. The most proposed mechanisms through which this occurred were gene regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the enhancement of macrophage polarization, and the delivery of therapeutic microRNAs to the injury site. Further research is warranted to not only explore the therapeutic potential of EVs in the context of AT pathologies, but also to establish protocols for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kasula
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Vikram Padala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nithin Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - David Doyle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI 48602, USA
| | - Kian Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Albert Anastasio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Samuel Bruce Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wawrose RA, Oyekan AA, Tang YM, Chen SR, Chen J, Couch BK, Wang D, Alexander PG, Sowa GA, Vo NV, Lee JY. MicroRNA-29a: a novel target for non-operative management of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:892-899. [PMID: 37046075 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common reason for spinal surgery in patients over the age of 65, and there are few effective non-surgical treatments. Therefore, the development of novel treatment or preventative modalities to decrease overall cost and morbidity associated with LSS is an urgent matter. The cause of LSS is multifactorial; however, a significant contributor is ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) which causes mechanical compression of the cauda equina or nerve roots. We assessed the role of a novel target, microRNA-29a (miR-29a), in LFH and investigated the potential for using miR-29a as a therapeutic means to combat LSS. METHODS Ligamentum flavum (LF) tissue was collected from patients undergoing decompressive surgery for LSS and assessed for levels of miR-29a and pro-fibrotic protein expression. LF cell cultures were then transfected with either miR-29a over-expressor (agonist) or inhibitor (antagonist). The effects of over-expression and under-expression of miR-29a on expression of pro-fibrotic proteins was assessed. RESULTS We demonstrated that LF at stenotic levels had a loss of miR-29a expression. This was associated with greater LF tissue thickness and higher mRNA levels of collagen I and III. We also demonstrated that miR29-a plays a direct role in the regulation of collagen gene expression in ligamentum flavum. Specifically, agents that increase miR-29a may attenuate LFH, while those that decrease miR-29a promote fibrosis and LFH. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miR-29a may potentially be used to treat LFH and provides groundwork to initiate the development of a therapeutic product for LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Wawrose
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony A Oyekan
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yunting Melissa Tang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen R Chen
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon K Couch
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn A Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nam V Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joon Y Lee
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1643 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Pittsburgh Ortho Spine Research (POSR) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Hsu CC, Chen SY, Ko PY, Kwan FC, Su WR, Jou IM, Wu PT. MicroRNA-146a gene transfer ameliorates senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in tendinopathic tenocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2702-2714. [PMID: 38309291 PMCID: PMC10911367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tendinopathy is influenced by multiple factors, including chronic inflammation and aging. Senescent cells exhibit characteristics such as the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, collectively known as senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Many of these SASP cytokines and enzymes are implicated in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) blocks senescence by targeting interleukin-1β (IL-1β) receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thus inhibiting NF-κB activity. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate miR-146a expression in tendinopathic tendons and (2) evaluate the role of miR-146a in countering senescence and SASPs in tendinopathic tenocytes. METHODS MiR-146a expression was assessed in human long head biceps (LHB) and rat tendinopathic tendons by in situ hybridization. MiR-146a over-expression in rat primary tendinopathic tenocytes was achieved by lentiviral vector-mediated precursor miR-146a transfer (LVmiR-146a). Expression of various senescence-related markers was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. MiR-146a expression showed a negative correlation with the severity of tendinopathy in human and rat tendinopathic tendons (p<0.001). RESULTS Tendinopathic tenocyte transfectants overexpressing miR-146a exhibited downregulation of various senescence and SASP markers, as well as the target molecules IRAK-4 and TRAF6, and the inflammatory mediator phospho-NF-κB. Additionally, these cells showed enhanced nuclear staining of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) compared to LVmiR-scramble-transduced controls in response to IL-1β stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that miR-146a expression is negatively correlated with the progression of tendinopathy. Moreover, its overexpression protects tendinopathic tenocytes from SASPs and senescence through the IRAK-4/TRAF6/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Ko
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Chuan Kwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ren Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopaedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- GEG Orthopedic Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Mao XF, Zhang XQ, Yao ZY, Mao HJ. Advances in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for tendinopathies. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:11-17. [PMID: 38052701 PMCID: PMC10859297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are chronic diseases of an unknown etiology and associated with inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a viable therapeutic option to combat the pathological progression of tendinopathies, not only because of their potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal, but also their excellent immunomodulatory properties. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are increasingly being recognized as playing a crucial role in the treatment of tendinopathies, with MSCs being pivotal in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the immune response, ultimately contributing to improved tissue repair. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the application of MSCs in tendinopathy treatments through the modulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xi-Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China.
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Kharaz YA, Zamboulis DE, Fang Y, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ, Comerford EJ. Small RNA signatures of the anterior cruciate ligament from patients with knee joint osteoarthritis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1266088. [PMID: 38187089 PMCID: PMC10768046 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1266088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is susceptible to degeneration, resulting in joint pain, reduced mobility, and osteoarthritis development. There is currently a paucity of knowledge on how anterior cruciate ligament degeneration and disease leads to osteoarthritis. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as microRNAs and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), have diverse roles, including regulation of gene expression. Methods: We profiled the sncRNAs of diseased osteoarthritic ACLs to provide novel insights into osteoarthritis development. Small RNA sequencing from the ACLs of non- or end-stage human osteoarthritic knee joints was performed. Significantly differentially expressed sncRNAs were defined, and bioinformatics analysis was undertaken. Results and Discussion: A total of 184 sncRNAs were differentially expressed: 68 small nucleolar RNAs, 26 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and 90 microRNAs. We identified both novel and recognized (miR-206, -365, and -29b and -29c) osteoarthritis-related microRNAs and other sncRNAs (including SNORD72, SNORD113, and SNORD114). Significant pathway enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs includes differentiation of the muscle, inflammation, proliferation of chondrocytes, and fibrosis. Putative mRNAs of the microRNA target genes were associated with the canonical pathways "hepatic fibrosis signaling" and "osteoarthritis." The establishing sncRNA signatures of ACL disease during osteoarthritis could serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in ACL degeneration and osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda A. Kharaz
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Danae E. Zamboulis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne J. Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Morya VK, Lee HW, Park CW, Park CW, Hyun JT, Noh KC. Computational Analysis of miR-140 and miR-135 as Potential Targets to Develop Combinatorial Therapeutics for Degenerative Tendinopathy. Clin Orthop Surg 2023; 15:463-476. [PMID: 37274502 PMCID: PMC10232305 DOI: 10.4055/cios22237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Degenerative tendinopathy, a condition causing movement restriction due to high pain, highly impacts productivity and quality of life. The healing process is a complex phenomenon and involves a series of intra-cellular and inter-cellular processes. Proliferation and differentiation of the tenocyte is a major and essential process to heal degenerative tendinopathy. The recent development in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated reprogramming of the cellular function through specific pathways opened door for the development of new regenerative therapeutics. Based on information about gene expression and regulation of tendon injury and healing, we attempted to evaluate the combinatorial effect of selected miRNAs for better healing of degenerative tendinopathy. Methods The present study was designed to evaluate the combinatorial effect of two miRNAs (has-miR-140 and has-miR-135) in the healing process of the tendon. Publicly available information/data were retrieved from appropriate platforms such as PubMed. Only molecular data, directly associated with tendinopathies, including genes/proteins and miRNAs, were used in this study. The miRNAs involved in tendinopathy were analyzed by a Bioinformatics tools (e.g., TargetScan, miRDB, and the RNA22v2). Interactive involvement of the miRNAs with key proteins involved in tendinopathy was predicted by the Insilco approach. Results Based on information available in the public domain, tendon healing-associated miRNAs were predicted to explore their therapeutic potentials. Based on computation analysis, focusing on the potential regulatory effect on tendon healing, the miR-135 and miR-140 were selected for this study. These miRNAs were found as key players in tendon healing through Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, PIN, and Wnt signaling pathways. It was also predicted that these miRNAs may reprogram the cells to induce proliferation and differentiation activity. Many miRNAs are likely to regulate genes important for the tendinopathy healing process, and the result of this study allows an approach for miRNA-mediated regeneration of the tenocyte for tendon healing. Based on computational analysis, the role of these miRNAs in different pathways was established, and the results provided insights into the combinatorial approach of miRNA-mediated cell reprogramming. Conclusions In this study, the association between miRNAs and the disease was evaluated to correlate the tendinopathy genes and the relevant role of different miRNAs in their regulation. Through this study, it was established that the synergistic effect of more than one miRNA on directed reprogramming of the cell could be helpful in the regeneration of damaged tissue. It is anticipated that this study will be helpful for the design of miRNA cocktails for the orchestration of cellular reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Morya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Park
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Tak Hyun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Cheol Noh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Peniche Silva CJ, De La Vega RE, Panos J, Joris V, Evans CH, Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. MiRNAs as Potential Regulators of Enthesis Healing: Findings in a Rodent Injury Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108556. [PMID: 37239902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA sequences with the ability to inhibit the expression of a target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, acting as modulators of both the degenerative and regenerative processes. Therefore, these molecules constitute a potential source of novel therapeutic tools. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression profile that presented in enthesis tissue upon injury. For this, a rodent enthesis injury model was developed by creating a defect at a rat's patellar enthesis. Following injury, explants were collected on days 1 (n = 10) and 10 (n = 10). Contra lateral samples (n = 10) were harvested to be used for normalization. The expression of miRNAs was investigated using a "Fibrosis" pathway-focused miScript qPCR array. Later, target prediction for the aberrantly expressed miRNAs was performed by means of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and the expression of mRNA targets relevant for enthesis healing was confirmed using qPCRs. Additionally, the protein expression levels of collagens I, II, III, and X were investigated using Western blotting. The mRNA expression pattern of EGR1, COL2A1, RUNX2, SMAD1, and SMAD3 in the injured samples indicated their possible regulation by their respective targeting miRNA, which included miR-16, -17, -100, -124, -133a, -155 and -182. Furthermore, the protein levels of collagens I and II were reduced directly after the injury (i.e., day 1) and increased 10 days post-injury, while collagens III and X showed the opposite pattern of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Julio Peniche Silva
- Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo E De La Vega
- Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joseph Panos
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Virginie Joris
- Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher H Evans
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Musculoskeletal Gene Therapy Laboratory, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Xiang DD, Liu JT, Zhong ZB, Xiong Y, Kong HY, Yu HJ, Peng T, Huang JQ. MicroRNA-29a-3p Prevents Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure through Inflammation-Related Pyroptosis Inhibition. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2734-5. [PMID: 37115401 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role of microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) in inflammation-related pyroptosis, especially in drug-induced acute liver failure (DIALF). This study aimed to identify the relationship between miR-29a-3p and inflammation-related pyroptosis in DIALF and confirm its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thioacetamide (TAA)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced ALF mouse models were established, and human samples were collected. The expression levels of miR-29a-3p and inflammation and pyroptosis markers were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, or immunochemical staining in miR-29a-3p knock-in transgenic mouse (MIR29A(KI/KI)) DIALF models. In addition, RNA sequencing was conducted to explore the mechanisms. RESULTS MiR-29a-3p levels were decreased in TAA- and APAP-induced DIALF models. MiR-29a-3p prevented DIALF caused by TAA and APAP. RNA sequencing and further experiments showed that the protective effect of miR-29a-3p on DIALF was mainly achieved through inhibition of inflammation-related pyroptosis, and the inhibition was dependent on activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, miR-29a-3p levels were reduced, and pyroptosis was activated in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver tissues of DIALF patients. CONCLUSION The study supports the idea that miR-29a-3p inhibits pyroptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to prevent DIALF. MiR-29a-3p may be a promising therapeutic target for DIALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xiang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing-Tao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Biao Zhong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hong-Yan Kong
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Jing Yu
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jia-Quan Huang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lyu K, Liu X, Liu T, Lu J, Jiang L, Chen Y, Long L, Wang X, Shi H, Wang F, Li S. miRNAs contributing to the repair of tendon injury. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:201-215. [PMID: 37249708 PMCID: PMC10406718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injury is one of the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with a higher likelihood of occurrence in elderly individuals and athletes. In posthealing tendons, two undesirable consequences, tissue fibrosis and a reduction in mechanical properties, usually occur, resulting in an increased probability of rerupture or reinjury; thus, it is necessary to propose an appropriate treatment. Currently, most methods do not sufficiently modulate the tendon healing process and restore the function and structure of the injured tendon to those of a normal tendon, since there is still inadequate information about the effects of multiple cellular and other relevant signaling pathways on tendon healing and how the expression of their components is regulated. microRNAs are vital targets for promoting tendon repair and can modulate the expression of biological components in signaling pathways involved in various physiological and pathological responses. miRNAs are a type of noncoding ribonucleic acid essential for regulating processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis; inflammatory responses; vascularization; fibrosis; and tissue repair. This article focuses on the biogenesis response of miRNAs while presenting their mechanisms in tendon healing with perspectives and suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Chen W, Chen Y, Ren Y, Gao C, Ning C, Deng H, Li P, Ma Y, Li H, Fu L, Tian G, Yang Z, Sui X, Yuan Z, Guo Q, Liu S. Lipid nanoparticle-assisted miR29a delivery based on core-shell nanofibers improves tendon healing by cross-regulation of the immune response and matrix remodeling. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:1167-1179. [PMID: 34980903 PMCID: PMC9250555 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels that provide mechanical support and sustainably release therapeutics have been used to treat tendon injuries. However, most hydrogels are insufficiently tough, release drugs in bursts, and require cell infiltration or suturing to integrate with surrounding tissue. Here we report that a hydrogel serving as a high-capacity drug depot and combining a dissipative tough matrix on one side and a chitosan adhesive surface on the other side supports tendon gliding and strong adhesion (larger than 1,000 J m<sup>-2</sup>) to tendon on opposite surfaces of the hydrogel, as we show with porcine and human tendon preparations during cyclic-friction loadings. The hydrogel is biocompatible, strongly adheres to patellar, supraspinatus and Achilles tendons of live rats, boosted healing and reduced scar formation in a rat model of Achilles-tendon rupture, and sustainably released the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide in a rat model of patellar tendon injury, reducing inflammation, modulating chemokine secretion, recruiting tendon stem and progenitor cells, and promoting macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. Hydrogels with 'Janus' surfaces and sustained-drug-release functionality could be designed for a range of biomedical applications.
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12
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Freedman BR, Mooney DJ, Weber E. Advances toward transformative therapies for tendon diseases. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl8814. [PMID: 36070365 PMCID: PMC11041812 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Approved therapies for tendon diseases have not yet changed the clinical practice of symptomatic pain treatment and physiotherapy. This review article summarizes advances in the development of novel drugs, biologic products, and biomaterial therapies for tendon diseases with perspectives for translation of integrated therapies. Shifting from targeting symptom relief toward disease modification and prevention of disease progression may open new avenues for therapies. Deep evidence-based clinical, cellular, and molecular characterization of the underlying pathology of tendon diseases, as well as therapeutic delivery optimization and establishment of multidiscipline interorganizational collaboration platforms, may accelerate the discovery and translation of transformative therapies for tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Xu T, Lin Y, Yu X, Jiang G, Wang J, Xu K, Fang J, Wang S, Dai X. Comparative Effects of Exosomes and Ectosomes Isolated From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Achilles Tendinopathy in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2740-2752. [PMID: 35867349 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have gained momentum as a treatment for tendinopathy. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant differences in cargo composition between the 2 subtypes of MSC-EVs (ie, exosomes and ectosomes), which may result in different therapeutic effects. However, the effects of the 2 EV subtypes on tendinopathy have not yet been compared. PURPOSE To compare the effects of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) and ectosomes (ASC-Ectos) on Achilles tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Rats were administered collagenase injections to generate a model of Achilles tendinopathy. A week later, 36 rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. In each group, Achilles tendons were injected with equal volumes of ASC-Exos, ASC-Ectos, or saline (12 legs/group). The healing outcomes were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing at 3 and 5 weeks after collagenase injection. RESULTS At 3 and 5 weeks, the ASC-Exo group had better histological scores (P = .0036 and P = .0276, respectively), a lower fibril density (P < .0001 and P = .0310, respectively), and a larger collagen diameter (P = .0052 and P < .0001, respectively) than the ASC-Ecto group. At 5 weeks, the expression of collagen type 1 and CD206 in the ASC-Exo group was significantly higher than that in the ASC-Ecto group (P = .0025 and P = .0010, respectively). Regarding biomechanical testing, the ASC-Exo group showed higher failure load (P = .0005), tensile stress (P < .0001), and elastic modulus (P < .0001) than the ASC-Ecto group. CONCLUSION ASC-Exos had more beneficial effects on tendon repair than ASC-Ectos in a rat model of Achilles tendinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of ASC-EVs may have the potential to treat Achilles tendinopathy, and delivery of ASC-Exos could provide additional benefits. It is necessary to compare the healing responses caused by different EV subtypes to further understand their effects on tendinopathy and to aid clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xinning Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kaiwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinghua Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuesong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
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14
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Mok TN, He Q, Zhang X, Sin TH, Wang H, Hou H, Pan J, Zheng X, Zha Z, Li J. Effects of 6-Hydroxykaempferol: A Potential Natural Product for Amelioration of Tendon Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919104. [PMID: 35935848 PMCID: PMC9354238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon impairment is a common injury associated with impairment of range of motion and pain. Currently, evidence has confirmed that natural herbs contribute to orthopedics and have shown excellent results in the clinical management of tendon impairment. Shujin Huoxue tablet (SHT) and its complex prescriptions are regularly used in tendon rupture therapy with positive results. This study aimed to discover the potential molecules that promote tendon healing. The Chinese traditional medicine system pharmacological database analysis platform (TCMSP) is the primary resource. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine database were used as secondary databases. The GeneCards database was used to search for reported tendinopathy-related genes by keywords. Functions of the targeted genes were analyzed using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Protein–protein interaction information was extracted from the STRING database. Docking study, MTT assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and migration assays were performed to obtain a better understanding of the herbs according to cell function to test the basic pharmacological action in vitro. A total of 104 disease nodes, 496 target gene nodes, 35 ingredient nodes, and one drug node were extracted. According to the TCMSP database, 6-hydroxykaempferol, which reportedly promotes the proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells, is a molecule found in SHT. We found that it promoted the proliferation and migration of tendon fibroblasts and elevated tendon repair-related gene expression. Purified 6-hydroxykaempferol promoted the proliferation and migration of tendon fibroblasts and increased their mRNA expression in tendon proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Ngai Mok
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyu He
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tat Hang Sin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huige Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieruo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jieruo Li,
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15
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Lyu K, Liu T, Chen Y, Lu J, Jiang L, Liu X, Liu X, Li Y, Li S. A “cell-free treatment” for tendon injuries: adipose stem cell-derived exosomes. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:75. [PMID: 35643543 PMCID: PMC9148514 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTendon injuries are widespread and chronic disorders of the musculoskeletal system, frequently caused by overload of the tendons. Currently, the most common treatment for tendon injuries is "cell-free therapy", of which exosomes, which can treat a host of diseases, including immune disorders, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases, are one kind. Among the many sources of exosomes, adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ASC-Exos) have better efficacy. This is attributed not only to the ease of isolation of adipose tissue, but also to the high differentiation capacity of ASCs, their greater paracrine function, and immunomodulatory capacity compared to other exosomes. ASC-Exos promote tendon repair by four mechanisms: promoting angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions, reducing the inflammatory response, promoting tendon cell migration and proliferation, and accelerating collagen synthesis, thus accelerating tendon healing. This review focuses on describing studies of preclinical experiments with various exosomes, the characteristics of ASC-Exos and their mechanisms of action in tendon healing, as well as elaborating the limitations of ASC-Exos in clinical applications.
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16
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Wang HN, Rong X, Yang LM, Hua WZ, Ni GX. Advances in Stem Cell Therapies for Rotator Cuff Injuries. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866195. [PMID: 35694228 PMCID: PMC9174670 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff injury is a common upper extremity musculoskeletal disease that may lead to persistent pain and functional impairment. Despite the clinical outcomes of the surgical procedures being satisfactory, the repair of the rotator cuff remains problematic, such as through failure of healing, adhesion formation, and fatty infiltration. Stem cells have high proliferation, strong paracrine action, and multiple differentiation potential, which promote tendon remodeling and fibrocartilage formation and increase biomechanical strength. Additionally, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can increase collagen synthesis and inhibit inflammation and adhesion formation by carrying regulatory proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, stem cell-based therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy that has great potential for rotator cuff healing. In this review, we summarize the advances of stem cells and stem cell-derived EVs in rotator cuff repair and highlight the underlying mechanism of stem cells and stem cell-derived EVs and biomaterial delivery systems. Future studies need to explore stem cell therapy in combination with cellular factors, gene therapy, and novel biomaterial delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Rong
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu-Ming Yang
- Musculoskeletal Sonography and Occupational Performance Lab, Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei-Zhong Hua
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Xin Ni,
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17
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Liu Q, Zhu Y, Zhu W, Zhang G, Yang YP, Zhao C. The role of MicroRNAs in tendon injury, repair, and related tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121083. [PMID: 34488121 PMCID: PMC9235073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders that cause considerable morbidity and significantly compromise the patients' quality of life. The innate limited regenerative capacity of tendon poses a substantial treating challenge for clinicians. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in orchestrating many biological processes through post-transcriptional regulation. Increasing evidence reveals that miRNA-based therapeutics may serve as an innovative strategy for the treatment of tendon pathologies. In this review, we briefly present miRNA biogenesis, the role of miRNAs in tendon cell biology and their involvement in tendon injuries, followed by a summary of current miRNA-based approaches in tendon tissue engineering with a special focus on attenuating post-injury fibrosis. Next, we discuss the advantages of miRNA-functionalized scaffolds in achieving sustained and localized miRNA administration to minimize off-target effects, and thus hoping to inspire the development of effective miRNA delivery platforms specifically for tendon tissue engineering. We envision that advancement in miRNA-based therapeutics will herald a new era of tendon tissue engineering and pave a way for clinical translation for the treatments of tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, (by courtesy) Materials Science and Engineering, and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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18
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Marr N, Meeson R, Kelly EF, Fang Y, Peffers MJ, Pitsillides AA, Dudhia J, Thorpe CT. CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9729. [PMID: 34575887 PMCID: PMC8472220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfascicular matrix (IFM) binds tendon fascicles and contains a population of morphologically distinct cells. However, the role of IFM-localised cell populations in tendon repair remains to be determined. The basement membrane protein laminin-α4 also localises to the IFM. Laminin-α4 is a ligand for several cell surface receptors, including CD146, a marker of pericyte and progenitor cells. We used a needle injury model in the rat Achilles tendon to test the hypothesis that the IFM is a niche for CD146+ cells that are mobilised in response to tendon damage. We also aimed to establish how expression patterns of circulating non-coding RNAs alter with tendon injury and identify potential RNA-based markers of tendon disease. The results demonstrate the formation of a focal lesion at the injury site, which increased in size and cellularity for up to 21 days post injury. In healthy tendon, CD146+ cells localised to the IFM, compared with injury, where CD146+ cells migrated towards the lesion at days 4 and 7, and populated the lesion 21 days post injury. This was accompanied by increased laminin-α4, suggesting that laminin-α4 facilitates CD146+ cell recruitment at injury sites. We also identified a panel of circulating microRNAs that are dysregulated with tendon injury. We propose that the IFM cell niche mediates the intrinsic response to injury, whereby an injury stimulus induces CD146+ cell migration. Further work is required to fully characterise CD146+ subpopulations within the IFM and establish their precise roles during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Marr
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Richard Meeson
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Elizabeth F. Kelly
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Apex Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 9TX, UK;
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; (R.M.); (E.F.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Chavaunne T. Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (N.M.); (A.A.P.)
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19
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Gaesser AM, Underwood C, Linardi RL, Even KM, Reef VB, Shetye SS, Mauck RL, King WJ, Engiles JB, Ortved KF. Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:697551. [PMID: 34291103 PMCID: PMC8287003 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous protein solution (APS) has been used anecdotally for intralesional treatment of tendon and ligament injuries, however, its use in these injuries has never been studied in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of APS on tendon healing in an equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis model. We hypothesized intralesional injection of APS would result in superior structural and biomechanical healing. SDF tendonitis was induced in both forelimbs of eight horses using collagenase injection. One forelimb was randomly assigned to receive an intralesional injection of APS, while the other was injected with saline. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed at weeks −1, 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 following treatment. At 12 weeks, horses were euthanized and SDF samples harvested. Histologic evaluation, biomechanical testing, gene expression analysis, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and total DNA quantification were performed. Collagen type III (COL3A1) expression was significantly higher (p = 0.028) in saline treated tendon than in normal tendon. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in gene expression. There were no significant differences in histologic or ultrasonographic scores between groups. Mean total DNA content was significantly higher (p = 0.024) in saline treated tendons than normal tendons, whereas total DNA content was not significantly different between APS treated tendon and normal tendon. Elastic modulus was higher in APS treated than saline treated tendon, but the difference was not significant. Reduced expression of COL3A1 in APS treated tendon may indicate superior healing. Increased total DNA content in saline treated tendon may indicate ongoing healing processes, vs. APS treated tendons which may be in the later stages of healing. Limitations include a relatively short study period and inconsistency in size and severity of induced lesions. Intralesional injection of APS resulted in some improvements in healing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gaesser
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Claire Underwood
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Renata L Linardi
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Kayla M Even
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Virginia B Reef
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Snehal S Shetye
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States.,Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennyslvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kyla F Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
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20
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Ding L, Wang M, Qin S, Xu L. The Roles of MicroRNAs in Tendon Healing and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687117. [PMID: 34277629 PMCID: PMC8283311 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons connect the muscle abdomen of skeletal muscles to the bone, which transmits the force generated by the muscle abdomen contraction and pulls the bone into motion. Tendon injury is a common clinical condition occurring in certain populations, such as repeated tendon strains in athletes. And it can lead to substantial pain and loss of motor function, in severe cases, significant disability. Tendon healing and regeneration have attracted growing interests. Some treatments including growth factors, stem cell therapies and rehabilitation programs have been tried to improve tendon healing. However, the basic cellular biology and pathology of tendons are still not fully understood, and the management of tendon injury remains a considerable challenge. Regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level, microRNA (miRNA) has been increasingly recognized as essential regulators in the biological processes of tendon healing and regeneration. A wide range of miRNAs in tendon injury have been shown to play vital roles in maintaining and regulating its physiological function, as well as regulating the tenogenic differentiation potential of stem cells. In this review, we show the summary of the latest information on the role of miRNAs in tendon healing and regeneration, and also discuss potentials for miRNA-directed diagnosis and therapy in tendon injuries and tendinopathy, which may provide new theoretical foundation for tenogenesis and tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Yao Z, Li J, Xiong H, Cui H, Ning J, Wang S, Ouyang X, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA engineered umbilical cord stem cell-derived exosomes direct tendon regeneration by mTOR signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:169. [PMID: 34090456 PMCID: PMC8180131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nano-structures and represent an emerging nano-scale acellular therapy in recent years. Tendon regeneration is a sophisticated process in the field of microsurgery due to its poor natural healing ability. To date, no successful long-term solution has been provided for the healing of tendon injuries. Functional recovery requires advanced treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos) are considered as promising cell-free therapeutic agents. However, few studies reported their potential in the tendon repair previously. In this study, we explored the roles and underlying mechanisms of HUMSC-Exos in the tendon regeneration. Results Expression of tendon‐specific markers in, and collagen deposition by, tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) treated with HUMSC-Exos increased in vitro. In a rat Achilles tendon injury model, treatment with HUMSC-Exos improved the histological structure, enhanced tendon-specific matrix components, and optimized biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Findings in miRNA sequencing indicated a significant increase in miR-29a-3p in HUMSC-Exo-treated Achilles tendons. Next, luciferase assay in combination with western blot identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the specific target of miR-29a-3p. Furthermore, we applied a miR-29a-3p-specific agonist to engineer HUMSC-Exos. These HUMSC-Exos overexpressing miR-29a-3p amplified the gain effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon healing in vivo. To explore the underlying mechanisms, a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor (SB-431542), mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), and engineered HUMSC-Exos were employed. The results showed that TGF-β1 and mTOR signaling were involved in the beneficial effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon regeneration. Conclusion The findings in our study suggest that PTEN/mTOR/TGF-β1 signaling cascades may be a potential pathway for HUMSC-Exos to deliver miR-29a-3p for tendon healing and implicate a novel therapeutic strategy for tendon regeneration via engineered stem cell-derived exosomes. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xingyu Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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22
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Use of Omics Data in Fracture Prediction; a Scoping and Systematic Review in Horses and Humans. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040959. [PMID: 33808497 PMCID: PMC8065418 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite many recent advances in imaging and epidemiological data analysis, musculoskeletal injuries continue to be a welfare issue in racehorses. Omics studies describe the study of protein, genetic material (both DNA and RNA, including microRNAs—small non-coding ribonucleic acids) and metabolites that may provide insights into the pathophysiology of disease or opportunities to monitor response to treatment when measured in bodily fluids. As these fields of study are scientifically complex and highly specialised, it is timely to perform a review of the current literature to allow for the design of robust studies that allow for repeatable work. Systematic reviews have been introduced into the medical literature and are a methodological way of searching for relevant papers followed by critical review of the content and a detection of biases. The objectives of the current systematic review were to identify and critically appraise the literature pertaining to microRNA (miRNA) and their target genes that are correlated with stress fractures in racehorses and humans. The object was to define a panel of miRNAs and their target genes as potential biomarkers in either horses or human subjects. The online scientific databases were searched and a reviewed was performed according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MicroRNA profiling studies in horses continue to emerge, but as of yet, no miRNA profile can reliably predict the occurrence of fractures. It is very important that future studies are well designed to mitigate the effects of variation in sample size, exercise and normalisation methods. Abstract Despite many recent advances in imaging and epidemiological data analysis, musculoskeletal injuries continue to be a welfare issue in racehorses. Peptide biomarker studies have failed to consistently predict bone injury. Molecular profiling studies provide an opportunity to study equine musculoskeletal disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines to assess the use of miRNA profiling studies in equine and human musculoskeletal injuries. Data were extracted from 40 papers between 2008 and 2020. Three miRNA studies profiling equine musculoskeletal disease were identified, none of which related to equine stress fractures. Eleven papers studied miRNA profiles in osteoporotic human patients with fractures, but differentially expressed miRNAs were not consistent between studies. MicroRNA target prediction programmes also produced conflicting results between studies. Exercise affected miRNA profiles in both horse and human studies (e.g., miR-21 was upregulated by endurance exercise and miR-125b was downregulated by exercise). MicroRNA profiling studies in horses continue to emerge, but as yet, no miRNA profile can reliably predict the occurrence of fractures. It is very important that future studies are well designed to mitigate the effects of variation in sample size, exercise and normalisation methods.
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Horita M, Farquharson C, Stephen LA. The role of miR-29 family in disease. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:696-715. [PMID: 33529442 PMCID: PMC8603934 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can bind to the target sites in the 3’‐untranslated region of messenger RNA to regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Increasing evidence has identified the miR‐29 family, consisting of miR‐29a, miR‐29b‐1, miR‐29b‐2, and miR‐29c, as key regulators of a number of biological processes. Moreover, their abnormal expression contributes to the etiology of numerous diseases. In the current review, we aimed to summarize the differential expression patterns and functional roles of the miR‐29 family in the etiology of diseases including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cardiorenal, and immune disease. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting members of miR‐29 family in these diseases. We present miR‐29s as promoters of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis but suppressors of chondrogenic and osteoclast differentiation, fibrosis, and T cell differentiation, with clear avenues for therapeutic manipulation. Further research will be crucial to identify the precise mechanism of miR‐29 family in these diseases and their full potential in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horita
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise A Stephen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
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24
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Kang S, Ye Y, Xia G, Liu HB. Coronary artery disease: differential expression of ceRNAs and interaction analyses. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:229. [PMID: 33708856 PMCID: PMC7940956 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated associations between cardiovascular disease and the expression of various messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study aimed to investigate the differential expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs between tissues from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy controls, and to determine the interactions between these molecules in CAD. Methods We investigated the differential expression of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) between patients with CAD and healthy controls by collecting data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarrays. We also investigated the biological function of these differentially expressed ceRNAs by performing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. We then created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the hub genes. Biosystems and literature searches were also carried out to identify relevant signaling pathways and the potential function of the differentially expressed ceRNAs. Results We identified 456 expression profiles for miRNAs, 16,325 mRNA expression profiles, and 2,869 lncRNA expression profiles. With regards to connectivity, GO and KEGG analyses (count ≥9) identified the top 11 PPI network nodes in rank order. We also identified the top 15 significant nodes for the ceRNAs identified according to degree centrality (DC) (P<0.05). Collectively, our analyses confirmed that the differential expression of certain ceRNAs, and their respective signaling pathways were associated with CAD. Conclusions Data arising from 11 GO and KEGG pathways, the top 15 PPI network nodes with the best connectivity rank, and the top 15 ceRNA network nodes, as determined by DC rank in CAD population, indicated that the differential expression of these ceRNAs plays a key role in the CAD. Our findings highlight new molecular mechanisms for CAD and provide new options for the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Millar NL, Silbernagel KG, Thorborg K, Kirwan PD, Galatz LM, Abrams GD, Murrell GAC, McInnes IB, Rodeo SA. Tendinopathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33414454 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy describes a complex multifaceted pathology of the tendon, characterized by pain, decline in function and reduced exercise tolerance. The most common overuse tendinopathies involve the rotator cuff tendon, medial and lateral elbow epicondyles, patellar tendon, gluteal tendons and the Achilles tendon. The prominent histological and molecular features of tendinopathy include disorganization of collagen fibres, an increase in the microvasculature and sensory nerve innervation, dysregulated extracellular matrix homeostasis, increased immune cells and inflammatory mediators, and enhanced cellular apoptosis. Although diagnosis is mostly achieved based on clinical symptoms, in some cases, additional pain-provoking tests and imaging might be necessary. Management consists of different exercise and loading programmes, therapeutic modalities and surgical interventions; however, their effectiveness remains ambiguous. Future research should focus on elucidating the key functional pathways implicated in clinical disease and on improved rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | - Kristian Thorborg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul D Kirwan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leesa M Galatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Abrams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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26
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Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ashraf Kharaz Y, Birch HL, Screen HR, Clegg PD. Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix. eLife 2020; 9:58075. [PMID: 33063662 PMCID: PMC7593091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature connective tissues demonstrate highly specialised properties, remarkably adapted to meet their functional requirements. Tissue adaptation to environmental cues can occur throughout life and poor adaptation commonly results in injury. However, the temporal nature and drivers of functional adaptation remain undefined. Here, we explore functional adaptation and specialisation of mechanically loaded tissues using tendon; a simple aligned biological composite, in which the collagen (fascicle) and surrounding predominantly non-collagenous matrix (interfascicular matrix) can be interrogated independently. Using an equine model of late development, we report the first phase-specific analysis of biomechanical, structural, and compositional changes seen in functional adaptation, demonstrating adaptation occurs postnatally, following mechanical loading, and is almost exclusively localised to the non-collagenous interfascicular matrix. These novel data redefine adaptation in connective tissue, highlighting the fundamental importance of non-collagenous matrix and suggesting that regenerative medicine strategies should change focus from the fibrous to the non-collagenous matrix of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae E Zamboulis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yalda Ashraf Kharaz
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Birch
- University College London, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Stanmore Campus, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Rc Screen
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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27
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Wang Y, Tatakis DN. Integrative mRNA/miRNA expression analysis in healing human gingiva. J Periodontol 2020; 92:863-874. [PMID: 32857863 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the epigenetic regulation of complex biological processes. Their possible role in human oral wound healing, a process that differs from cutaneous wound healing by being faster and typically scar-free, has been unexplored. This report presents the miRNA expression profile of experimental human oral wounds and an integrative analysis of mRNA/miRNA expression. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers provided standardized normal and 5-day healing palatal biopsies, used for next generation miRNA and mRNA sequencing analysis, correlation and network analysis, real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On average, 169 significantly regulated precursor miRNAs were detected, including 21 novel miRNAs, selectively confirmed by PCR. Hsa-miR-223-3p and hsa-miR-124-3p were, respectively, the most up- and downregulated miRNAs in healing gingiva. Hsa-miR-124-3p had the most predicted mRNA target interactions, with angiogenesis-related genes the most enriched. Correlation analysis showed the highest correlation between hsa-miR-181a-3p and SERPINB1; hsa-miR-223-5p and SLC2A3; hsa-miR-1301 and MS4A7. In addition, SERPINB1 mRNA had the most associations with differentially regulated miRNAs. IL33 was the only cytokine significantly correlated with miRNAs (ρ > 0.95). qPCR and immunohistochemistry verified the significant upregulation of SERPINB1 and IL33 in healing gingiva. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report on the miRNome of healing human gingiva and to provide an integrative analysis of miRNA/mRNA expression during human oral wound healing; the results offer novel insights into the participating molecular mechanisms and raise the possibility of SERPINB1 and IL-33 as potential wound healing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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28
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Ilaltdinov AW, Gong Y, Leong DJ, Gruson KI, Zheng D, Fung DT, Sun L, Sun HB. Advances in the development of gene therapy, noncoding RNA, and exosome-based treatments for tendinopathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1490:3-12. [PMID: 32501571 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and tissue degeneration. Tendons have poor innate healing ability and there is currently no cure for tendinopathy. Studies elucidating mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and mechanisms mediating the genesis of tendons during development have provided novel targets and strategies to enhance tendon healing and repair. This review summarizes the current understanding and treatments for tendinopathy. The review also highlights recent advances in gene therapy, the potential of noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, and exosomes, which are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles secreted from cells, for the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wang Ilaltdinov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York.,New York R&D Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Inc., New Rochelle, New York
| | - Yubao Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daniel J Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,New York R&D Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Inc., New Rochelle, New York
| | - Konrad I Gruson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David T Fung
- New York R&D Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Inc., New Rochelle, New York
| | - Li Sun
- New York R&D Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Inc., New Rochelle, New York
| | - Hui B Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,New York R&D Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Inc., New Rochelle, New York
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Giordano L, Porta GD, Peretti GM, Maffulli N. Therapeutic potential of microRNA in tendon injuries. Br Med Bull 2020; 133:79-94. [PMID: 32219416 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The regulatory role of microRNA (miRNA) in several conditions has been studied, but their function in tendon healing remains elusive. This review summarizes how miRNAs are related to the pathogenesis of tendon injuries and highlights their clinical potential, focusing on the issues related to their delivery for clinical purposes. SOURCES OF DATA We searched multiple databases to perform a systematic review on miRNA in relation to tendon injuries. We included in the present work a total of 15 articles. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The mechanism of repair of tendon injuries is probably mediated by resident tenocytes. These maintain a fine equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic events of the extracellular matrix. Specific miRNAs regulate cytokine expression and orchestrate proliferation and differentiation of stromal cell lines involved in the composition of the extracellular matrix. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The lack of effective delivery systems poses serious obstacles to the clinical translation of these basic science findings. GROWING POINT In vivo studies should be planned to better explore the relationship between miRNA and tendon injuries and evaluate the most suitable delivery system for these molecules. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Investigations ex vivo suggest therapeutic opportunities of miRNA for the management of tendon injuries. Given the poor pharmacokinetic properties of miRNAs, these must be delivered by an adequate adjuvant transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Giordano
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorder, Faculty of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorder, Faculty of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, England.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST5 5B, England
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miRNA Reference Genes in Extracellular Vesicles Released from Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040347. [PMID: 32290510 PMCID: PMC7238137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane and amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) have produced promising results in regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of inflammatory-based diseases and for different injuries including those in the orthopedic field such as tendon disorders. hAMSCs have been proposed to exert their anti-inflammatory and healing potential via secreted factors, both free and conveyed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). In particular, EV miRNAs are considered privileged players due to their impact on target cells and tissues, and their future use as therapeutic molecules is being intensely investigated. In this view, EV-miRNA quantification in either research or future clinical products has emerged as a crucial paradigm, although, to date, largely unsolved due to lack of reliable reference genes (RGs). In this study, a panel of thirteen putative miRNA RGs (let-7a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-22-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-660-5p and U6 snRNA) that were identified in different EV types was assessed in hAMSC-EVs. A validated experimental pipeline was followed, sifting the output of four largely accepted algorithms for RG prediction (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt method). Out of nine RGs constitutively expressed across all EV isolates, miR-101-3p and miR-22-5p resulted in the most stable RGs, whereas miR-423-5p and U6 snRNA performed poorly. miR-22-5p was also previously reported to be a reliable RG in adipose-derived MSC-EVs, suggesting its suitability across samples isolated from different MSC types. Further, to shed light on the impact of incorrect RG choice, the level of five tendon-related miRNAs (miR-29a-3p, miR-135a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-337-3p, let-7d-5p) was compared among hAMSC-EVs isolates. The use of miR-423-5p and U6 snRNA did not allow a correct quantification of miRNA incorporation in EVs, leading to less accurate fingerprinting and, if used for potency prediction, misleading indication of the most appropriate clinical batch. These results emphasize the crucial importance of RG choice for EV-miRNAs in hAMSCs studies and contribute to the identification of reliable RGs such as miR-101-3p and miR-22-5p to be validated in other MSC-EVs related fields.
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Pan Z, Wu Q, Xie Z, Wu Q, Tan X, Wang X. Upregulation of HSP72 attenuates tendon adhesion by regulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via blockade of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109606. [PMID: 32199935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of fibroblasts creates an environment favoring post-operative tendon adhesion, but targeted therapy of this pathology remains in its infancy. In this study, we explored the effect of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), a major inducible member of the heat shock protein family that can protect cells against many cellular stresses including heat shock, on fibroblast proliferation in tendon adhesion, with its underlying mechanisms investigated. HSP72 expression was examined in an established rat model of tendon injury using RT-qPCR and immunoblot analysis. After conducting ectopic expression and depletion experiments in fibroblast NIH3T3 cells, we determined the effects of HSP72 on the expression of α-SMA and STAT3 signaling pathway-related genes, fibroblast proliferation, as well as collagen production. The mRNA (65.46%) and protein (63.65%) expression of HSP72 was downregulated in the rat model of tendon injury. The in vitro experiments revealed that overexpression of HSP72 inhibited fibroblast proliferation (42.57%) and collagen production (45.60%), as well as reducing α-SMA expression (42.49%) and the extent of STAT3 phosphorylation (55.46%). Moreover, we observed that HSP72 overexpression reduced inflammation as well as the number of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblasts in vivo. Furthermore, the inhibited extent of STAT3 phosphorylation contributed to the impaired fibroblast proliferation and collagen production evoked by upregulated HSP72. In summary, the present study unveils an inhibitory role of HSP72 in tendon adhesion via inactivation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. This finding may enable the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention against tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Pan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Qinfen Wu
- Department of Surgery, the Hospital of Hubei Provincial Government, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhe Xie
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xinti Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Liao X, Falcon ND, Mohammed AA, Paterson YZ, Mayes AG, Guest DJ, Saeed A. Synthesis and Formulation of Four-Arm PolyDMAEA-siRNA Polyplex for Transient Downregulation of Collagen Type III Gene Expression in TGF-β1 Stimulated Tenocyte Culture. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1496-1505. [PMID: 32010823 PMCID: PMC6990625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural healing process for tendon repair is associated with high upregulation of collagen type III, leading to scar tissue and tendon adhesions with functionally deficient tendons. Gene delivery systems are widely reported as potential nanotherapeutics to treat diseases, providing a promising approach to modulate collagen type III synthesis. This work investigates a proof-of-concept four-arm cationic polymer-siRNA polyplex to mediate a transient downregulation of collagen type III expression in a tendon cell culture system. The tendon culture system was first supplemented with TGF-β1 to stimulate the upregulation of collagen type III prior to silencing experiments. The four-arm poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PDMAEA) polymer was successfully synthesized via RAFT polymerization and then mixed with siRNA to formulate the PDMAEA-siRNA polyplexes. The formation of the polyplex was optimized for the N:P ratio (10:1) and confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The size and solution behavior of the polyplex were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, showing a hydrodynamic diameter of 155 ± 21 nm and overall positive charge of +30 mV at physiological pH. All the polyplex concentrations used had a minimal effect on the metabolic activity of cultured cells, indicating good biocompatibility. The dose and time effects of the TGF-β1 on collagen type III gene expressions were analyzed by qPCR, showing an optimal dose of 10 ng mL-1 TGF-β1 and 3-fold increase of COL3α1 expression at 48 h in cultured tenocytes. The PDMAEA-siRNA polyplex concept observed a limited yet successful and promising efficiency in silencing collagen type III at 48 h compared to PEI-siRNA. Therefore, this concept is a promising approach to reduce tissue scarring and adhesion following injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Noelia D Falcon
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Ali A Mohammed
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Yasmin Z. Paterson
- Animal
Health Trust, Lanwades Park,
Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, U.K.
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0ES, U.K.
| | | | - Deborah J. Guest
- Animal
Health Trust, Lanwades Park,
Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, U.K.
| | - Aram Saeed
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
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33
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Plachel F, Heuberer P, Gehwolf R, Frank J, Tempfer H, Lehner C, Weissenbacher N, Wagner A, Weigl M, Moroder P, Hackl M, Traweger A. MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures in Degenerative Rotator Cuff Pathologies. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:202-211. [PMID: 31520478 PMCID: PMC6973295 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators orchestrating a wide range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. However, the role of miRNAs in degenerative shoulder joint disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this explorative case-control study was to identify pathology-related, circulating miRNAs in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCT). In 2017, 15 patients were prospectively enrolled and assigned to three groups based on the diagnosed pathology: (i) no shoulder pathology, (ii) chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy, and (iii) degenerative RCTs. In total, 14 patients were included. Venous blood samples ("liquid biopsies") were collected from each patient and serum levels of 187 miRNAs were determined. Subsequently, the change in expression of nine candidate miRNAs was verified in tendon biopsy samples, collected from patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery between 2015 and 2018. Overall, we identified several miRNAs to be progressively deregulated in sera from patients with either chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy or degenerative RCTs. Importantly, for the several of these miRNAs candidates repression was also evident in tendon biopsies harvested from patients who were treated for a supraspinatus tendon tear. As similar expression profiles were determined for tendon samples, the newly identified systemic miRNA signature has potential as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for degenerative rotator cuff pathologies. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. Inc. J Orthop Res 38:202-211, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Plachel
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus VirchowCharité UniversitaetsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Julia Frank
- Vienna Shoulder & Sports ClinicViennaAustria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | | | - Philipp Moroder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus VirchowCharité UniversitaetsmedizinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration, Center SalzburgParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria,Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
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MicroRNA-29a Mitigates Subacromial Bursa Fibrosis in Rotator Cuff Lesion with Shoulder Stiffness. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225742. [PMID: 31731750 PMCID: PMC6888443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff lesion with shoulder stiffness is a major cause of shoulder pain and motionlessness. Subacromial bursa fibrosis is a prominent pathological feature of the shoulder disorder. MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) regulates fibrosis in various tissues; however, the miR-29a action to subacromial bursa fibrosis remains elusive. Here, we reveal that subacromial synovium in patients with rotator cuff tear with shoulder stiffness showed severe fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperangiogenesis histopathology along with significant increases in fibrotic matrices collagen (COL) 1A1, 3A1, and 4A1 and inflammatory cytokines, whereas miR-29a expression was downregulated. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus tenotomy-injured shoulders in transgenic mice overexpressing miR-29a showed mild swelling, vascularization, fibrosis, and regular gait profiles as compared to severe rotator cuff damage in wild-type mice. Treatment with miR-29a precursor compromised COL3A1 production and hypervascularization in injured shoulders. In vitro, gain of miR-29a function attenuated COL3A1 expression through binding to the 3’-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of COL3A1 in inflamed tenocytes, whereas silencing miR-29a increased the matrix expression. Taken together, miR-29a loss is correlated with subacromial bursa inflammation and fibrosis in rotator cuff tear with shoulder stiffness. miR-29a repressed subacromial bursa fibrosis through directly targeting COL3A1 mRNA, improving rotator cuff integrity and shoulder function. Collective analysis offers a new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying rotator cuff tear with shoulder stiffness. This study also highlights the remedial potential of miR-29a precursor for alleviating the shoulder disorder.
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35
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Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Biomaterials to Mimic and Heal Connective Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806695. [PMID: 30908806 PMCID: PMC6504615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue is one of the four major types of animal tissue and plays essential roles throughout the human body. Genetic factors, aging, and trauma all contribute to connective tissue dysfunction and motivate the need for strategies to promote healing and regeneration. The goal here is to link a fundamental understanding of connective tissues and their multiscale properties to better inform the design and translation of novel biomaterials to promote their regeneration. Major clinical problems in adipose tissue, cartilage, dermis, and tendon are discussed that inspire the need to replace native connective tissue with biomaterials. Then, multiscale structure-function relationships in native soft connective tissues that may be used to guide material design are detailed. Several biomaterials strategies to improve healing of these tissues that incorporate biologics and are biologic-free are reviewed. Finally, important guidance documents and standards (ASTM, FDA, and EMA) that are important to consider for translating new biomaterials into clinical practice are highligted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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36
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Liu Y, Feng L, Xu J, Yang Z, Wu T, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhu D, Zhang J, Li G. MiR-378a suppresses tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair by targeting at TGF-β2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30922407 PMCID: PMC6440014 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendons are a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system and responsible for transmission forces derived from muscle to bone. Patients with tendon injuries are often observed with decreased collagen production and matrix degeneration, and healing of tendon injuries remains a challenge as a result of limited understanding of tendon biology. Recent studies highlight the contribution of miR-378a on the regulation gene expression during tendon differentiation. Methods We examined the tendon microstructure and tendon repair with using miR-378a knock-in transgenic mice, and the tendon-derived stem cells were also isolated from transgenic mice to study their tenogenic differentiation ability. Meanwhile, the expression levels of tenogenic markers were also examined in mouse tendon-derived stem cells transfected with miR-378a mimics during tenogenic differentiation. With using online prediction software and luciferase reporter assay, the binding target of miR-378a was also studied. Results Our results indicated miR-378a impairs tenogenic differentiation and tendon repair by inhibition collagen and extracellular matrix production both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that miR-378a exert its inhibitory role during tenogenic differentiation through binding at TGFβ2 by luciferase reporter assay and western blot. Conclusions Our investigation suggests that miR-378a could be considered as a new potential biomarker for tendon injury diagnosis or drug target for a possible therapeutic approach in future clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1216-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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37
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Cui H, He Y, Chen S, Zhang D, Yu Y, Fan C. Macrophage-Derived miRNA-Containing Exosomes Induce Peritendinous Fibrosis after Tendon Injury through the miR-21-5p/Smad7 Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:114-130. [PMID: 30594070 PMCID: PMC6307349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Following tendon injury, the development of fibrotic healing response impairs tendon function and restricts tendon motion. Peritendinous tissue fibrosis poses a major clinical problem in hand surgery. Communication between macrophages and tendon cells has a critical role in regulating the tendon-healing process. Yet, the mechanisms employed by macrophages to control peritendinous fibrosis are not fully understood. Here we analyze the role of macrophages in tendon adhesion in mice by pharmacologically depleting them. Such macrophage-depleted mice have less peritendinous fibrosis formation around the injured tendon compared with wild-type littermates. Macrophage-depleted mice restart fibrotic tendon healing by treatment with bone marrow macrophage-derived exosomes. We show that bone marrow macrophages secrete exosomal miR-21-5p that directly targets Smad7, leading to the activation of fibrogenesis in tendon cells. These results demonstrate that intercellular crosstalk between bone marrow macrophages and tendon cells is mediated by macrophage-derived miR-21-5p-containing exosomes that control the fibrotic healing response, providing potential targets for the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Deming Zhang
- Zhejiang Province's Key Laboratory of 3D Printing and Equipment, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China.
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38
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Dubin JA, Greenberg DR, Iglinski-Benjamin KC, Abrams GD. Effect of micro-RNA on tenocytes and tendon-related gene expression: A systematic review. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2823-2829. [PMID: 29873411 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the review was to synthesize the current literature regarding the effect of miRNA on biological processes known to be involved in tendon and tenocyte development and homeostasis. Using multiple databases, a systematic review was performed with a customized search term crafted to identify any study examining micro-RNA in relation to tendon and/or tenocytes. Results were classified based on the following categories: Gene expression, tenocyte development and differentiation, tendon tissue repair, and tenocyte senescence. A total of 3,112 potentially relevant studies were reviewed, and after exclusion criteria was applied, 15 investigations were included in the final analysis. There were 14 specific miRNA included in this review, with 11 studies reporting on tendon-related gene expression, five reporting on tendon development and/or tenocyte differentiation, six reporting on tendon tissue repair, and five reporting on tenocyte senescence. The miR-29 family was the most commonly reported micro-RNA in the investigation. We also report on a number of micro-RNA which are associated with both positive and negative effects on tendon homeostasis. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2823-2829, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Dubin
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California
| | - Daniel R Greenberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
| | - Kag C Iglinski-Benjamin
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey D Abrams
- Veterans Administration-Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 341 Galvez Street Mail Code 6175, Stanford, California
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39
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Suter-Dick L, Mauch L, Ramp D, Caj M, Vormann MK, Hutter S, Lanz HL, Vriend J, Masereeuw R, Wilmer MJ. Combining Extracellular miRNA Determination with Microfluidic 3D Cell Cultures for the Assessment of Nephrotoxicity: a Proof of Concept Study. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:86. [PMID: 30039346 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury is often observed in the clinics and can lead to long-term organ failure. In this work, we evaluated a novel in vitro system that aims at detecting whether compounds can cause renal proximal tubule damage in man. For this, we implemented organotypic cultures of human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing the organic anion transporter 1 (ciPTEC-OAT1) in a three-channel OrganoPlate under microfluidic conditions. Cells were exposed to four known nephrotoxicants (cisplatin, tenofovir, cyclosporine A, and tobramycin). The effect on cell viability and NAG release into the medium was determined. A novel panel of four miRNAs (mir-21, mir-29a, mir-34a, and mir-192) was selected as potential biomarkers of proximal tubule damage. After nephrotoxicant treatment, miRNA levels in culture medium were earlier indicators than cell viability (WST-8 assay) and outperformed NAG for proximal tubule damage. In particular, mir-29a, mir-34a, and mir-192 were highly reproducible between experiments and across compounds, whereas mir-21 showed more variability. Moreover, similar data were obtained in two different laboratories, underlining the reproducibility and technical transferability of the results, a key requirement for the implementation of novel biomarkers. In conclusion, the selected miRNAs behaved like sensitive biomarkers of damage to tubular epithelial cells caused by several nephrotoxicity mechanisms. This biomarker panel, in combination with the 3D cultures of ciPTEC-OAT1 in the OrganoPlate, represents a novel tool for in vitro nephrotoxicity detection. These results pave the way for the application of miRNAs in longitudinal, time-course in vitro toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
| | - L Mauch
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - D Ramp
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - M Caj
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - M K Vormann
- MIMETAS B.V., JH Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Hutter
- MIMETAS B.V., JH Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H L Lanz
- MIMETAS B.V., JH Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Vriend
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, P.O. box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Masereeuw
- Div. Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, P.O. box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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40
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MicroRNA 148a-3p promotes Thrombospondin-4 expression and enhances angiogenesis during tendinopathy development by inhibiting Krüppel-like factor 6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:276-282. [PMID: 29807011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder with characteristic hypervascularity. The mechanism of angiogenesis in tendinopathy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-148a-3p in angiogenesis development of tendinopathy. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p expression was increased in tendinopathy tissues and positively correlated with CD34 levels which is a specific marker for angiogenesis. We identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a direct target gene of miR-148a-3p in tenocytes. Furthermore, reduced levels of KLF6 in tendinopathy tissues was showed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis, compared with controls. A negative correlation between the levels of KLF6 mRNA and miR-148a-3p was observed. Then, we verified that miR-148a-3p could regulate Tsp-4 expression by targeting KLF6 in tenocyte and was positively correlated with Tsp-4 levels in tendinopathy tissues. In a coculture system of tenocytes with endothelial cells (ECs), we observed that transfection of Lv-miR-148a-3p markedly upregulated EC angiogenesis. In summary, our data establish a novel molecular mechanism by which miR-148a-3p upregulates Tsp-4 expression in tenocytes to promote EC angiogenesis by targeting KLF6, which could be helpful for the treatment of tendinopathy in the future.
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41
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Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E, Kurowska-Stolarska M, McInnes IB. Driving chronicity in rheumatoid arthritis: perpetuating role of myeloid cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:13-23. [PMID: 29315512 PMCID: PMC6038003 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a complex and tightly regulated homeostatic process that includes leucocyte migration from the vasculature into tissues to eliminate the pathogen/injury, followed by a pro‐resolving response promoting tissue repair. However, if inflammation is uncontrolled as in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it leads to tissue damage and disability. Synovial tissue inflammation in RA patients is maintained by sustained activation of multiple inflammatory positive‐feedback regulatory pathways in a variety of cells, including myeloid cells. In this review, we will highlight recent evidence uncovering biological mechanisms contributing to the aberrant activation of myeloid cells that contributes to perpetuation of inflammation in RA, and discuss emerging data on anti‐inflammatory mediators contributing to sustained remission that may inform a novel category of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alivernini
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - B Tolusso
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ferraccioli
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - E Gremese
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, UK
| | - I B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, UK
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42
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Alivernini S, Gremese E, McSharry C, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G, McInnes IB, Kurowska-Stolarska M. MicroRNA-155-at the Critical Interface of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1932. [PMID: 29354135 PMCID: PMC5760508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that fine-tune the cell response to a changing environment by modulating the cell transcriptome. miR-155 is a multifunctional miRNA enriched in cells of the immune system and is indispensable for the immune response. However, when deregulated, miR-155 contributes to the development of chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer, and fibrosis. Herein, we review the evidence for the pathogenic role of miR-155 in driving aberrant activation of the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis, and its potential as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Institute of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Institute of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Institute of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- Institute of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Dakin SG. MicroRNA Replacement: A New Era of Molecular Therapy for Tendon Disorders? Mol Ther 2017; 25:2243-2244. [PMID: 28939087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
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