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Palanichamy JK, Tran TM, King JK, Katzman S, Ritter AJ, Sharma G, Tso C, Contreras JR, Fernando TR, Sanford JR, Rao DS. Distinct oncogenic phenotypes in hematopoietic specific deletions of Trp53. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7490. [PMID: 37160922 PMCID: PMC10169790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most common alteration seen in human cancer. In mice, P53 deletion in all cells leads predominantly to the development of T-cell lymphomas, followed by B-cell lymphomas, sarcomas and teratomas. In order to dissect the role of P53 in the hematopoietic system, we generated and analyzed two different mouse models deficient for P53. A pan-hematopoietic P53 deletion mouse was created using Vav1-Cre based deletion; and a B-cell-specific deletion mouse was created using a CD19-Cre based deletion. The Vav1-P53CKO mice predominantly developed T-cell malignancies in younger mice, and myeloid malignancies in older mice. In T-cell malignancies, there was accelerated thymic cell maturation with overexpression of Notch1 and its downstream effectors. CD19-P53CKO mice developed marginal zone expansion in the spleen, followed by marginal zone lymphoma, some of which progressed to diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Interestingly, marginal zone and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas had a unique gene expression signature characterized by activation of the PI3K pathway, compared with wild type marginal zone or follicular cells of the spleen. This study demonstrates lineage specific P53 deletion leading to distinct phenotypes secondary to unique gene expression programs set in motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Sol Katzman
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Alexander J Ritter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Christine Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jorge R Contreras
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, UCSC, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Patten CL, Cutucache CE. Murine Models of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Role for Cav1? Front Oncol 2016; 6:258. [PMID: 28018857 PMCID: PMC5155011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dozens of murine models of indolent and aggressive B-cell lymphomas have been generated to date. These include those manifesting chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as xenografts of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). These models have led to an improved understanding of disease etiology, B-cell biology, immunomodulation, and the importance of the tumor microenvironment. Despite these efforts in CLL, DLBCL, and MCL, considerably little progress toward a model of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) has been accomplished. Herein, we describe the similarities and differences between CLL, MCL, and SMZL and highlight effective murine models that mimic disease in the two former, in hopes of informing a potential model of the latter. At the time of writing this review, the precise molecular events of SMZL remain to be determined and a treatment regimen remains to be identified. Therefore, based on the efforts put forth in the B-cell lymphoma field throughout the past three decades, the established role of caveolin-1 in B- and T-cell biology as an oncogene or tumor suppressor, and the recurrent deletion or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 7q in many cancers, we make recommendations for a murine model of SMZL.
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Abstract
Sixty-six cases of indolent canine lymphoid proliferation were reviewed. Age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years (median 9.0 years). Dogs of 26 breeds, plus 13 of mixed breeding or unknown lineage, were represented. B-Cell lymphomas (CD79a+) predominated. Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), the largest group, involved lymph node (33 cases) and spleen (13 cases), with both tissues involved in five of these cases. Follicular lymphoma (FL) involved lymph nodes (five cases), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) occurred as solitary splenic masses (three cases). Nodal CD3+ T-zone lymphomas (TZL) (10 cases), were included since they resembled late-stage MZL at the architectural level. Two cases of marginal zone hyperplasia (MZH) were included to aid in differentiation of early MZL. Clonality status was determined in 54 cases by analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) and T-cell antigen receptor gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangement. Clonal rearrangement of IGH was detected in 28 of 35 MZL cases (80%), four of four FL cases (100%) and three of three MCL cases (100%). Concurrent cross lineage rearrangement of TCRG was detected in six MZL and two FL cases. Clonal rearrangement of TCRG was documented in five of eight TZL cases (63%). Limited survival data obtained for 18 dogs indicated that the B-cell lymphomas (MZL, MCL, and FL) and the T-cell lymphoma (TZL) were associated with indolent behavior and long survival. Although to the authors' knowledge, the true incidence of canine indolent lymphomas is unknown, the tumors are not rare and may have been underrecognized. Recognition of their architectural features, routine application of immunophenotyping, and molecular clonality assessment should alleviate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Valli
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Room 284 SAC, 1008 W Hazelwood Dr., Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
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Saloustros E, Salpea P, Qi CF, Gugliotti LA, Tsang K, Liu S, Starost MF, Morse HC, Stratakis CA. Hematopoietic neoplasms in Prkar2a-deficient mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:143. [PMID: 26608815 PMCID: PMC4660639 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein kinase A (PKA) is a holoenzyme that consists of a dimer of regulatory subunits and two inactive catalytic subunits that bind to the regulatory subunit dimer. Four regulatory subunits (RIα, RIβ, RIIα, RIIβ) and four catalytic subunits (Cα, Cβ, Cγ, Prkx) have been described in the human and mouse genomes. Previous studies showed that complete inactivation of the Prkar1a subunit (coding for RIα) in the germline leads to embryonic lethality, while Prkar1a–deficient mice are viable and develop schwannomas, thyroid, and bone neoplasms, and rarely lymphomas and sarcomas. Mice with inactivation of the Prkar2a and Prkar2b genes (coding for RIIα and RIIβ, respectively) are also viable but have not been studied for their susceptibility to any tumors. Methods Cohorts of Prkar1a+/−, Prkar2a+/−, Prkar2a−/−, Prkar2b+/− and wild type (WT) mice have been observed between 5 and 25 months of age for the development of hematologic malignancies. Tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry; tumor-specific markers were also used as indicated. Cell sorting and protein studies were also performed. Results Both Prkar2a−/− and Prkar2a+/− mice frequently developed hematopoietic neoplasms dominated by histiocytic sarcomas (HS) with rare diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Southern blot analysis confirmed that the tumors diagnosed histologically as DLBCL were clonal B cell neoplasms. Mice with other genotypes did not develop a significant number of similar neoplasms. Conclusions Prkar2a deficiency predisposes to hematopoietic malignancies in vivo. RIIα’s likely association with HS and DLBCL was hitherto unrecognized and may lead to better understanding of these rare neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Lina A Gugliotti
- Program in Genomics and Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kitman Tsang
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sisi Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Portararo P, Dugo M, Vitali C, Botti L, Guarnotta C, Cappetti B, Gulino A, Torselli I, Casalini P, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP. Stromal niche communalities underscore the contribution of the matricellular protein SPARC to B-cell development and lymphoid malignancies. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28989. [PMID: 25083326 PMCID: PMC4108469 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic B-cell clones commonly arise within secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). However, during disease progression, lymphomatous cells may also colonize the bone marrow (BM), where they localize within specialized stromal niches, namely the osteoblastic and the vascular niche, according to their germinal center- or extra-follicular-derivation, respectively. We hypothesized the existence of common stromal motifs in BM and SLO B-cell lymphoid niches involved in licensing normal B-cell development as well as in fostering transformed B lymphoid cells. Thus, we tested the expression of prototypical mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) markers and regulatory matricellular proteins in human BM and SLO under physiologically unperturbed conditions and during B-cell lymphoma occurrence. We identified common stromal features in the BM osteoblastic niche and SLO germinal center (GC) microenvironments, traits that were also enriched within BM infiltrates of GC-associated B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that stromal programs involved in central and peripheral B-cell lymphopoiesis are also involved in malignant B-cell nurturing. Among factors co-expressed by stromal elements within these different specialized niches, we identified the pleiotropic matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). The actual role of stromal SPARC in normal B-cell lymphopoiesis, investigated in Sparc−/− mice and BM chimeras retaining the Sparc−/− genotype in host stroma, demonstrated defective BM and splenic B-cell lymphopoiesis. Moreover, in the Trp53 knockout (KO) lymphoma model, p53−/−/Sparc−/− double-KO mice displayed impaired spontaneous splenic B-cell lymphomagenesis and reduced neoplastic clone BM infiltration in comparison with their p53−/−/Sparc+/+ counterparts. Our results are among the first to demonstrate the existence of common stromal programs regulating both the BM osteoblastic niche and the SLO GC lymphopoietic functions potentially fostering the genesis and progression of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Functional Genomics Core Facility; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Vitali
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Guarnotta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Cappetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Torselli
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casalini
- Molecular Therapies Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy
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Conditional inactivation of p53 in mature B cells promotes generation of nongerminal center-derived B-cell lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2934-9. [PMID: 23382223 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222570110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor exerts a central role in protecting cells from oncogenic transformation. Accordingly, the p53 gene is mutated in a large number of human cancers. In mice, germ-line inactivation of p53 confers strong predisposition to development of different types of malignancies, but the early onset of thymic lymphomas in the majority of the animals prevents detailed studies of tumorigenesis in other tissues. Here, we use the Cre/Lox approach to inactivate p53 in mature B cells in mice (referred to as "CP" B cells) and find that such p53 inactivation results in the routine development of IgM-positive CP peripheral B-cell lymphomas. The CP lymphomas generally appear to arise, even in mice subjected to immunization protocols to activate germinal center reaction, from naive B cells that had not undergone immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene class switching or somatic hypermutation. In contrast to thymic lymphomas that arise in p53-deficient mice, which generally lack clonal translocations, nearly all analyzed CP B-cell tumors carried clonal translocations. However, in contrast to spontaneous translocations in other mouse B-cell tumor models, CP B-cell tumor translocations were not recurrent and did not involve Ig loci. Therefore, CP tumors might provide models for human lymphomas lacking Ig translocations, such as splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Our studies indicate that deletion of p53 is sufficient to trigger transformation of mature B cells and support the notion that p53 deficiency may allow accumulation of oncogenic translocations in B cells.
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Viral latency locus augments B-cell response in vivo to induce chronic marginal zone enlargement, plasma cell hyperplasia, and lymphoma. Blood 2013; 121:2952-63. [PMID: 23365457 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-415620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is associated with KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). This virus also causes B-cell lymphoma and B-cell hyperplasia. There exists no in vivo model for KSHV-associated B-cell malignancies or premalignant persistence in B cells. We generated a transgenic mouse that expresses multiple viral latent genes, including LANA, vFLIP, vCYC, all viral micro RNAs, and kaposin under the transcriptional control of their natural regulatory region. This promoter is B-cell specific, though it is a weak promoter. Mature B cells were chronically activated, leading to hyperglobulinemia triggered by increased plasma cell frequency and marginal zone (MZ) B-cell hyperplasia. The mice had an augmented response to T-dependent antigen as well as the TLR4 ligand LPS, leading to exacerbated MZ and germinal center responses and increased CD138(+) plasma cells. It is the first model to assess the viral micro RNA function in vivo. These data support a potentially novel mechanism of viral persistence in which virally infected B cells become hyper-responsive to coincident, but unrelated, pathogen exposure, leading to preferential expansion and ultimately lymphoma in a small subset of cases.
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Murine models of B-cell lymphomas: promising tools for designing cancer therapies. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:701704. [PMID: 22400032 PMCID: PMC3287022 DOI: 10.1155/2012/701704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B-cell lymphomas, the fourth most common hematologic malignancy, are currently the subject of extensive research. The limited accessibility of biopsies, the heterogeneity among patients, and the subtypes of lymphomas have necessitated the development of animal models to decipher immune escape mechanisms and design new therapies. Here, we summarize the cell lines and murine models used to study lymphomagenesis, the lymphoma microenvironment, and the efficacy of new therapies. These data allow us to understand the role of the immune system in the fight against tumors. Exploring the advantages and limitations of immunocompetent versus immunodeficient models improves our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor genesis and development as well as the fundamental processes governing the interaction of tumors and their host tissues. We posit that these basic preclinical investigations will open up new and promising approaches to designing better therapies.
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McPhee CG, Sproule TJ, Shin DM, Bubier JA, Schott WH, Steinbuck MP, Avenesyan L, Morse HC, Roopenian DC. MHC class I family proteins retard systemic lupus erythematosus autoimmunity and B cell lymphomagenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4695-704. [PMID: 21964024 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the T cell-dependent Ab response can lead to numerous immunological disorders, ranging from systemic lupus erythematosus to B cell lymphomas. Cellular processes governed by MHC class II proteins play a major role in this response and its dysregulation. The extent to which processes controlled by the diverse family of MHC class I proteins impact such autoimmune and neoplastic disorders, however, is less clear. In this study, we genetically dissect the contributions of individual MHC class I family members and the pathological processes under their control in the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease of BXSB.Yaa mice and B cell lymphomagenesis of SJL mice. This study reveals a powerful repressive regulatory axis comprised of MHC class I-dependent CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. These results indicate that the predominant role of the MHC class I protein family in such immunological disorders is to protect from more aggressive diseases.
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Miletic AV, Anzelon-Mills AN, Mills DM, Omori SA, Pedersen IM, Shin DM, Ravetch JV, Bolland S, Morse HC, Rickert RC. Coordinate suppression of B cell lymphoma by PTEN and SHIP phosphatases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2407-20. [PMID: 20956547 PMCID: PMC2964567 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking both PTEN and SHIP phosphatases develop spontaneous B cell lymphoma. The inositol phosphatases phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) negatively regulate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–mediated growth, survival, and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Although deletion of PTEN in mouse T cells results in lethal T cell lymphomas, we find that animals lacking PTEN or SHIP in B cells show no evidence of malignancy. However, concomitant deletion of PTEN and SHIP (bPTEN/SHIP−/−) results in spontaneous and lethal mature B cell neoplasms consistent with marginal zone lymphoma or, less frequently, follicular or centroblastic lymphoma. bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells exhibit enhanced survival and express more MCL1 and less Bim. These cells also express low amounts of p27kip1 and high amounts of cyclin D3 and thus appear poised to undergo proliferative expansion. Unlike normal B cells, bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells proliferate to the prosurvival factor B cell activating factor (BAFF). Interestingly, although BAFF availability may promote lymphoma progression, we demonstrate that BAFF is not required for the expansion of transferred bPTEN/SHIP−/− B cells. This study reveals that PTEN and SHIP act cooperatively to suppress B cell lymphoma and provides the first direct evidence that SHIP is a tumor suppressor. As such, assessment of both PTEN and SHIP function are relevant to understanding the etiology of human B cell malignancies that exhibit augmented activation of the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Miletic
- Program of Inflammatory Disease Research, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Eef1a2 promotes cell growth, inhibits apoptosis and activates JAK/STAT and AKT signaling in mouse plasmacytomas. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10755. [PMID: 20505761 PMCID: PMC2873962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The canonical function of EEF1A2, normally expressed only in muscle, brain, and heart, is in translational elongation, but recent studies suggest a non-canonical function as a proto-oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors including breast and ovary. Transcriptional profiling of a spectrum of primary mouse B cell lineage neoplasms showed that transcripts encoding EEF1A2 were uniquely overexpressed in plasmacytomas (PCT), tumors of mature plasma cells. Cases of human multiple myeloma expressed significantly higher levels of EEF1A2 transcripts than normal bone marrow plasma cells. High-level expression was also a feature of a subset of cell lines developed from mouse PCT and from the human MM. Methodology/Principal Findings Heightened expression of EEF1A2 was not associated with increased copy number or coding sequence mutations. shRNA-mediated knockdown of Eef1a2 transcripts and protein was associated with growth inhibition due to delayed G1-S progression, and effects on apoptosis that were seen only under serum-starved conditions. Transcriptional profiles and western blot analyses of knockdown cells revealed impaired JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling suggesting their contributions to EEF1A2-mediated effects on PCT induction or progression. Conclusions/Significance EEF1A2 may play contribute to the induction or progression of some PCT and a small percentage of MM. Eef1a2 could also prove to be a useful new marker for a subset of MM and, ultimately, a possible target for therapy.
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Warren M, Chung YJ, Howat WJ, Kitson H, McGinnis R, Hao X, McCafferty J, Fredrickson TN, Bradley A, Morse HC. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice are a highly tumor prone model for analysis of a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2010; 34:210-20. [PMID: 19709744 PMCID: PMC2815150 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BLM gene cause human Bloom syndrome (BS), an autosomal recessive disorder of growth retardation, immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition. Homozygous null Blm(m3/m3) mice are cancer prone with a 5-fold increased risk of cancer compared with Blm(m3/+) and Blm(+/+) mice. Irradiation of Blm(m3/m3) mice increased the risk to 28-fold. Tumors occurred mainly in the hematopoietic system and were similar to those in BS based on detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice thus provide a novel model for understanding accelerated malignancies in BS and a new platform for investigating the molecular basis for a wide range of hematopoietic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Warren
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - William J. Howat
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hannah Kitson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ralph McGinnis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Xingpei Hao
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - John McCafferty
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Torgny N. Fredrickson
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Emu-BCL10 mice exhibit constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB pathways generating marginal zone (MZ) B-cell expansion as a precursor to splenic MZ lymphoma. Blood 2009; 114:4158-68. [PMID: 19696203 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-192583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL10, required for nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation during antigen-driven lymphocyte responses, is aberrantly expressed in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type marginal zone (MZ) lymphomas because of chromosomal translocations. Emu-driven human BCL10 transgenic (Tg) mice, which we created and characterize here, had expanded populations of MZ B cells and reduced follicular and B1a cells. Splenic B cells from Tg mice exhibited constitutive activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling pathways is associated with increased expression of NF-kappaB target genes. These genes included Tnfsf13b, which encodes the B-cell activating factor (BAFF). In addition, levels of BAFF were significantly increased in sera from Tg mice. MZ B cells of Tg mice exhibited reduced turnover in vivo and enhanced survival in vitro, indicative of lymphoaccumulation rather than lymphoproliferation as the cause of MZ expansion. In vivo antibody responses to both T-independent, and especially T-dependent, antigens were significantly reduced in Tg mice. Mortality was accelerated in Tg animals, and some mice older than 8 months had histologic and molecular findings indicative of clonal splenic MZ lymphoma. These results suggest that, in addition to constitutive activation of BCL10 in MZ B cells, other genetic factors or environmental influences are required for short latency oncogenic transformation.
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Shin DM, Shaffer DJ, Wang H, Roopenian DC, Morse HC. NOTCH is part of the transcriptional network regulating cell growth and survival in mouse plasmacytomas. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9202-11. [PMID: 19010892 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aside from Myc-activating translocations characteristic of plasmacytomas (PCT), little is known about genetic factors and signaling pathways responsible for the development of spontaneous B-cell lineage lymphomas of mice. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of PCT, centroblastic diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (CBL), and high-grade splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL++) using high-throughput quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Expression profiles of CBL and MZL++ were strikingly similar and quite unlike that of PCT. Among the genes expressed at significantly higher levels by PCT were a number involved in NOTCH signaling, a finding supported by gene set enrichment analyses of microarray data. To investigate the importance of this pathway, NOTCH signaling was blocked in PCT cell lines by treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) or transduction of a dominant-negative mutant of MAML1. These treatments resulted in reduced expression of NOTCH transcriptional targets in association with impaired proliferation and increased apoptosis. GSI treatment of transformed plasma cells in a primary PCT also induced apoptosis. These results integrate NOTCH activation with oncogenic signaling pathways downstream of translocated Myc in the pathogenesis of mouse PCT, two signaling pathways also implicated in development of human multiple myeloma and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mi Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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15
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Rehg JE, Sundberg JP. Utility of antiPax5 in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders and neoplasia in mice. Comp Med 2008; 58:246-252. [PMID: 18589866 PMCID: PMC2704114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CD45R/B220 antigen (B220) is a common mouse panB-cell marker used for paraffin-embedded tissues. However, antiB220 has limited specificity in diagnostic pathology because the B220 antigen is expressed on subsets of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, on plasmacytic dendritic cells, and on T lymphocytes of mice with the lymphoproliferative disorder associated with Fas (lymphoproliferative mutant mouse, B6.MRL-Fas(lpr/J)) or Fas ligand (generalized lymphoproliferative disease mutant mouse, C3H/ HeJ-Fasl(gld/J) or B6Smn.C3-Fasl(gld/J)). In addition, mouse B lymphocytes vary in the amount of B220 expressed, and some subsets of mouse B lymphocytes do not express B220 at all. In comparison, Pax5 expression (detected by immunohistochemistry using antiPax5) offers greater specificity and sensitivity because of its earlier expression during B-cell differentiation, its ability to detect all committed B cells, and its restriction to the B-cell lineage. Here we describe the use of an antibody to human Pax5 in diagnostic pathology with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold E Rehg
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology Department, Memphis, TN, USA.
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16
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Kunder S, Calzada-Wack J, Hölzlwimmer G, Müller J, Kloss C, Howat W, Schmidt J, Höfler H, Warren M, Quintanilla-Martinez L. A comprehensive antibody panel for immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hematopoietic neoplasms of mice: analysis of mouse specific and human antibodies cross-reactive with murine tissue. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 35:366-75. [PMID: 17455084 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701230296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool in human pathology enabling immunophenotypic characterization of tumor cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of mouse models of human hematopoietic neoplasias have become an important aspect for comparison of murine entities with their human counterparts. The aim of this study was to establish a diagnostic antibody panel for analysis of murine lymphomas/leukemias, useful in formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissue. Overall, 48 antibodies (4 rabbit monoclonal, 12 rabbit polyclonal, 2 goat polyclonal, 11 rat, and 19 mouse monoclonal), which were either mouse-specific (14) or cross-reactive with murine tissue (34) were tested for staining quality and diagnostic value in 468 murine hematopoietic neoplasms. Specific staining was achieved with 29 antibodies, of which 18 were human antibodies cross-reactive with murine tissue. Only 23 (B220, BCL-2, BCL-6, CD117, CD138 (2x), CD3 (2x), CD43, CD45, CD5, CD79 alpha cy, cyclin D1, Ki-67 (2x), Mac-3, Mac-2, lysozyme, mast cell tryptase, MPO, Pax-5, TdT, and TER-119) were regarded as valuable for diagnostic evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was also established in an automated immunostainer for high throughput analysis. The antibody panel developed is useful for the classification of murine lymphomas and leukemias analyzed, and a valuable tool for human and veterinary pathologists involved in the diagnostic interpretation of murine models of hematopoietic neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kunder
- GSF Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Pathology, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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17
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Zangani MM, Frøyland M, Qiu GY, Meza-Zepeda LA, Kutok JL, Thompson KM, Munthe LA, Bogen B. Lymphomas can develop from B cells chronically helped by idiotype-specific T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:1181-91. [PMID: 17485509 PMCID: PMC2118585 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
B cell lymphomas have been associated with chronic infections and autoimmunity. However, most lymphomas develop in the absence of any known chronic antigenic stimulation. B cells process their highly diversified endogenous immunoglobulin and present clonally unique variable-region idiotypic (Id) peptides on their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules to Id-specific T cells. We show that B cells chronically helped by Id-specific Th2 cells developed into large B cell lymphomas with cytogenetic DNA aberrations. The lymphomas expressed high amounts of Id, MHC class II, CD80/86, and CD40 and bidirectionally collaborated with Th2 cells. Thus, MHC class II–presented Id peptides may represent a chronic self-antigenic stimulus for T cell–dependent lymphomagenesis. Eventually, B lymphomas grew independent of T cells. Thus, T cells do not only eliminate cancers as currently believed. In fact, Id-specific Th2 cells can induce B lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Zangani
- Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Coste A, Antal MC, Chan S, Kastner P, Mark M, O'malley BW, Auwerx J. Absence of the steroid receptor coactivator-3 induces B-cell lymphoma. EMBO J 2006; 25:2453-64. [PMID: 16675958 PMCID: PMC1478181 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/ACTR/AIB-1/pCIP/RAC3/TRAM-1) is a member of the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators that plays an important role in mammary gland growth, development, and tumorigenesis. We show that deletion of SRC-3 gene decreases platelet and increases lymphocytes numbers, leading to the development of malignant B-cell lymphomas upon aging. The expansion of the lymphoid lineage in SRC-3(-/-) mice is cell autonomous, correlates with an induction of proliferative and antiapoptotic genes secondary to constitutive NF-kappaB activation, and can be reversed by restoration of SRC-3 expression. NF-kappaB activation is explained by the degradation of IkappaB, consequent to increases in free IkappaB kinase, which is no longer inhibited by SRC-3. These results demonstrate that SRC-3 regulates lymphopoiesis and in combination with previous studies indicate that SRC-3 has vastly diverging effects on cell proliferation depending on the cellular context, ranging from proliferative and tumorigenic (breast) to antiproliferative (lymphoid cells) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Coste
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Génopole Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Génopole Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Bert W O'malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medecine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, Génopole Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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19
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Qi CF, Xiang S, Shin MS, Hao X, Lee CH, Zhou JX, Torrey TA, Hartley JW, Fredrickson TN, Morse HC. Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 and its deregulation in mouse B cell lymphomas. Leuk Res 2005; 30:153-63. [PMID: 16122798 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CDKN1B (p27) regulates cell-cycle progression at the G1-S transition by suppressing the cyclin E/CDK2 kinase complex. In normal lymphocytes and most human B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), there is an inverse correlation between proliferative activity and expression of p27; however, a subset of NHL with high mitotic indices expresses p27, which is inactive due to sequestration in nuclear protein complexes or due to cytoplasmic retention. Our studies of mouse B cell NHL also identified cases with high proliferative activity and high levels of p27 at a surprisingly high frequency. Here, p27 was complexed with D-type cyclins 1 and 3 and with the COPS9 protein, JAB1. In addition, we found cytoplasmic sequestration following phosphorylation by activated AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook I, Room 1421, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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20
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Abstract
Our views regarding the origins and functions of splenic marginal zone B cells have changed considerably over the past few years. Perspectives regarding the development and function of these cells vary considerably between investigators studying human and rodent immunology. Marginal zone B cells are now recognized to constitute a distinct naive B lymphoid lineage. Considerable progress has been made regarding the mechanisms involved in marginal zone B cell development in the mouse. Many of the molecular events that participate in the retention of this lineage of B cells in the marginal zone have been identified. Here, we discuss the functions of these cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. We also attempt to reconcile differing viewpoints regarding the generation and function of marginal zone B cells in rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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21
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Shin MS, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW, Suzuki T, Akagi K, Agaki K, Morse HC. High-Throughput Retroviral Tagging for Identification of Genes Involved in Initiation and Progression of Mouse Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphomas. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4419-27. [PMID: 15231650 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human B-cell lymphomas are frequently associated with specific genetic changes caused by chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes. For lymphomas of mice expressing murine leukemia virus, mutagenic proviral insertions are thought to play a similar role. Here we report studies designed to determine whether specific retroviral integration sites might be associated with a specific subset of mouse B-cell lymphomas and if the genes associated with these sites are regularly altered in expression. We studied splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) of NFS.V(+) mice that are unusual in exhibiting frequent progression from low to high grade, potentially allowing assignment of cancer genes to processes of initiation and progression. We used inverse PCR to clone and analyze 212 retroviral integration sites from 43 MZL at different stages of progression. Sixty-two marked common integration sites and included 31 that had been marked previously. Among the new common integration sites, seven were unique to MZL. Using microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR analysis, we defined differential patterns of gene expression in association with disease progression for Gfi1, Sox4, Brca2, Snf1lk, Nfkb1, Pou2af1, Prdm1, Stat6, and Blnk. Heightened expression of Gfi1 distinguishes MZL from other lymphoma types. The combined use of proviral tagging and analyses of gene expression thus provides a powerful approach to understanding of genes that collaborate in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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22
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Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a specific low-grade small B-cell lymphoma that is incorporated in the World Health Organization classification. Characteristic features are splenomegaly, moderate lymphocytosis with villous morphology, intrasinusoidal pattern of involvement of various organs, especially bone marrow, and relative indolent course. Tumor progression with increase of blastic forms and aggressive behavior are observed in a minority of patients. Molecular and cytogenetic studies have shown heterogeneous results probably because of the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria. To date, no definitive therapy has been established. Therapeutic options include treatment abstention, splenectomy, splenic irradiation, and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Franco
- Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica and Divisione di Ematologia con TMO, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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23
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Morse HC, McCarty T, Qi CF, Torrey TA, Naghashfar Z, Chattopadhyay SK, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW. B lymphoid neoplasms of mice: characteristics of naturally occurring and engineered diseases and relationships to human disorders. Adv Immunol 2003; 81:97-121. [PMID: 14711054 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(03)81003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Oghiso Y, Yamada Y. Pre-B-Cell Lymphomas in Mice Following Injection of 239Pu Citrate: Comparison with MNU-Induced T-Lymphoblastic Lymphomas. J Toxicol Pathol 2003. [DOI: 10.1293/tox.16.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oghiso
- Internal Radiation Effects Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Internal Radiation Effects Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Safety, National Institute of Radiological Sciences
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25
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Morse HC, Qi CF, Chattopadhyay SK, Hori M, Taddesse-Heath L, Ozato K, Hartley JW, Taylor BA, Ward JM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Fredrickson TN. Combined histologic and molecular features reveal previously unappreciated subsets of lymphoma in AKXD recombinant inbred mice. Leuk Res 2001; 25:719-33. [PMID: 11397479 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic neoplasms developing in AKXD recombinant inbred, NFS.V(+) and ICSBP knockout mice were assessed using morphologic, cytologic and molecular criteria that relate these disorders to human lymphoma and leukemia. Lymphoma types included precursor T-cell and B-cell lymphoblastic, small lymphocytic, splenic marginal zone, follicular, and diffuse large cell (DLCL). In addition to previously defined subtypes of DLCL composed of centroblasts or immunoblasts, two additional subtypes are defined here: lymphoblastic lymphoma like (LL) and lymphoma characterized by a histiocytic reaction (HS). DLCL(HS) were distinguished from true histiocytic lymphomas by the presence of clonal Ig gene rearrangements.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/classification
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/classification
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Room 7/304, 7 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-0760, USA
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26
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Abstract
Since their discovery, B1 B cells' origins and developmental pathways have eluded characterization. In the past year, focus on B1 B cells has shifted dramatically from developmental to functional aspects of these cells. Most advances have been made in describing the physiological activities of B1 cells, including their migration, activation by antigen and role in both autoimmunity and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martin
- Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA
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27
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Morse HC, Kearney JF, Isaacson PG, Carroll M, Fredrickson TN, Jaffe ES. Cells of the marginal zone--origins, function and neoplasia. Leuk Res 2001; 25:169-78. [PMID: 11166833 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Splenic marginal zone B cells of humans and mice are anatomically positioned with specialized macrophages, dendritic and endothelial cells. Together, they function as the first line of defense against blood borne pathogens with a low triggering threshold for B cells providing a rapid proliferative and antibody response to infections. In humans, B cells with similar cytology and physical relations to follicles are found in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. However, they also develop in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and other sites, such as the thyroid and salivary gland, that normally lack organized lymphoid tissue. Chronic antigenic stimulation at these sites or in response to infection with Hepatitis C provides the milieu for mutations at FAS, API2/ML, TP53 and INK4a/p19ARF and the development of marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) in node, spleen and MALT. Only splenic MZL are seen in mice. A reduced threshold for triggering to proliferation may predispose the marginal zone B cell to neoplasia with mutations in genes regulating apoptosis playing a leading role.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 7, Room 304, 7 Center Drive MSC 0760, Bethesda, MD 20892-0760, USA.
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28
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Hori M, Xiang S, Qi CF, Chattopadhyay SK, Fredrickson TN, Hartley JW, Kovalchuk AL, Bornkamm GW, Janz S, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Ward JM, Morse HC. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of Mice. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:217-22. [PMID: 11358382 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2000.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of lymphoid neoplasms occurring in normal or genetically engineered mice have revealed parallels and differences to non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) of humans. Some mouse lymphomas have strong histologic similarities to the human NHL subsets including precursor B- and T-cell lymphoblastic, small lymphocytic, splenic marginal zone, and diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphomas (DLCL); whether molecular parallels also exist is under study. Others mouse types such as sIg+ lymphoblastic B-cell lymphoma have no histologic equivalent in human NHL even though they share molecular deregulation of BCL6 with human DLCL. Finally, Burkitt lymphoma does not appear to occur naturally in mice, but it can be induced with appropriately engineered transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hori
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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29
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Qi CF, Hori M, Coleman AE, Torrey TA, Taddesse-Heath L, Ye BH, Chattopadhyay SK, Hartley JW, Morse HC. Genomic organisation and expression of BCL6 in murine B-cell lymphomas. Leuk Res 2000; 24:719-32. [PMID: 10936424 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BCL6 encodes a transcription factor deregulated by chromosomal translocations in human diffuse large cell B lymphomas (DLCL). This study was designed to determine whether Bcl6 might also be involved in lymphomas of mice. BCL6 protein was expressed at high levels in 90% or more of DLCL but not in low grade B lymphomas. Southern hybridisation studies demonstrated altered organisation of Bcl6 in three primary DLCL and the WEHI 231 B-cell lymphoma cell line but not in low grade tumours. Chromosomal painting and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analyses of the WEHI 231 metaphase spreads revealed a T(5;16) translocation with Bcl6 on Chromosome 16 at the translocation breakpoint. Deregulated expression of BCL6 is thus likely to contribute to the genesis of DLCL of mice as well as of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Qi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Taddesse-Heath L, Chattopadhyay SK, Dillehay DL, Lander MR, Nagashfar Z, Morse HC, Hartley JW. Lymphomas and high-level expression of murine leukemia viruses in CFW mice. J Virol 2000; 74:6832-7. [PMID: 10888622 PMCID: PMC112200 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.15.6832-6837.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Swiss Webster mice of the CFW subline, both inbred and random-bred stocks, have been considered to have a low spontaneous occurrence of hematopoietic system tumors, and previous reports of infectious expression of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) have been rare and unremarkable. In marked contrast, in the present study of CFW mice from one source observed by two laboratories over a 2-year period, nearly 60% developed tumors, 85% of which were lymphomas, the majority of B-cell origin. All tumors tested expressed ecotropic MuLVs, and most expressed mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) MuLVs. Among normal mice of weanling to advanced age, over one-half were positive for ecotropic virus in tail or lymphoid tissues, and MCF virus was frequently present in lymphoid tissue, less often in tail. Patterns of ecotropic proviral integration indicated that natural infection occurred by both genetic and exogenous routes. Lymphomas were induced in NIH Swiss mice infected as neonates with tissue culture-propagated MuLVs isolated from normal and tumor tissue of CFW mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Taddesse-Heath
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0760, USA
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31
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Hartley JW, Chattopadhyay SK, Lander MR, Taddesse-Heath L, Naghashfar Z, Morse HC, Fredrickson TN. Accelerated appearance of multiple B cell lymphoma types in NFS/N mice congenic for ecotropic murine leukemia viruses. J Transl Med 2000; 80:159-69. [PMID: 10701686 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous lymphomas occur at high frequency in NFS x V+ mice, strains congenic for ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) proviral genes and expressing virus at high titer. In the present study, a total of 703 NFS x V+ lymphomas were studied by histopathology, immunophenotypic analysis, immunoglobulin heavy chain or T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements, and somatic ecotropic MuLV integrations; 90% of the lymphomas tested were of B cell lineage. Low-grade tumors included small lymphocytic, follicular, and splenic marginal zone lymphomas, while high-grade tumors comprised diffuse large-cell (centroblastic and immunoblastic types), splenic marginal zone, and lymphoblastic lymphomas. Comparison of mice of similar genetic background except for presence (NFS x V+) or absence (NFS x V-) of functional ecotropic MuLV genomes showed that NFS x V-clonal lymphomas developed at about one-half the rate of those occurring in NFS x V+ mice, and most were low-grade B cell lymphomas with extended latent periods. In NFS x V+ mice, clonal outgrowth, defined by Ig gene rearrangements, was associated with acquisition of somatic ecotropic proviral integrations, suggesting that, although generation of B cell clones can be virus independent, ecotropic virus may act to increase the rate of generation of clones and speed their evolution to lymphoma. The mechanism remains undefined, because only rare rearrangements were detected in several cellular loci previously associated with MuLV insertional mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hartley
- The Laboratory of Immunopathology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0760, USA.
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