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Hall AF, Browning M, Huys QJM. The computational structure of consummatory anhedonia. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:541-553. [PMID: 38423829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a reduction in enjoyment, motivation, or interest. It is common across mental health disorders and a harbinger of poor treatment outcomes. The enjoyment aspect, termed 'consummatory anhedonia', in particular poses fundamental questions about how the brain constructs rewards: what processes determine how intensely a reward is experienced? Here, we outline limitations of existing computational conceptualisations of consummatory anhedonia. We then suggest a richer reinforcement learning (RL) account of consummatory anhedonia with a reconceptualisation of subjective hedonic experience in terms of goal progress. This accounts qualitatively for the impact of stress, dysfunctional cognitions, and maladaptive beliefs on hedonic experience. The model also offers new views on the treatments for anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Hall
- Applied Computational Psychiatry Lab, Mental Health Neuroscience Department, Division of Psychiatry and Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Quentin J M Huys
- Applied Computational Psychiatry Lab, Mental Health Neuroscience Department, Division of Psychiatry and Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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2
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Boecking B, Klasing S, Brueggemann P, Rose M, Mazurek B. Lipid parameters and depression in patients with chronic tinnitus: A cross-sectional observation. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111613. [PMID: 38492273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiological theories assume importance of metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depression - and possibly chronic tinnitus. Although chronic tinnitus frequently correlates with depression, links between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and depression are uninvestigated. METHODS Two-hundred patients with chronic tinnitus (Mage = 55; 51% female) were examined. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-HDL, as well as LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios were analysed. Questionnaires included depression subscales of the ICD-10 Symptom Rating, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS_D), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF). Multivariate analyses of covariance and linear regression models - which controlled age, tinnitus-related distress and perceived stress - investigated between-subgroup differences (p < 0.05) and linear associations between HDL indices and depression (p < 0.01). RESULTS HDL levels did not differ for tinnitus-symptom durations, smoking and alcohol use levels, statin or antihypertensive drug use, and body-mass indices. Relative to non-to-mildly depressed patients with chronic tinnitus, patients with moderate-to-severe depression (n = 45; 23%) had significantly lower HDL levels (d = -0.35) and higher LDL/HDL (d = 0.39) and TC/HDL ratios (d = 0.40). Across participants, HDL-levels were negatively associated with depression as measured by the HADS_D and BSF_indifference scales. CONCLUSIONS In keeping with general depression research, low serum HDL levels correlate with depressive symptomatology in patients with chronic tinnitus. This association may be influenced by proximal (e.g. modulations of HPA-axis activity) or distal factors (e.g. maladaptive coping behaviours) - both of which should be conceptualized within psychological stimulus-processing frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sven Klasing
- Tinnitus Center, Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Rose
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnitus Center, Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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Hanssen I, Ten Klooster P, Huijbers M, Lochmann van Bennekom M, Boere E, El Filali E, Geerling B, Goossens P, Kupka R, Speckens A, Regeer E. Development and validation of a Manic Thought Inventory. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:564-570. [PMID: 36840434 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the Manic Thought Inventory (MTI), a patient-driven self-report inventory to assess the presence of typical (hypo)manic cognitions. METHODS The initial item pool was generated by patients with bipolar disorder (BD) type I and assessed for suitability by five psychiatrists specialized in treating BD. Study 1 describes the item analysis and exploratory factor structure of the MTI in a sample of 251 patients with BD type I. In study 2, the factor structure was validated with confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and divergent validity were assessed in an independent sample of 201 patients with BD type I. RESULTS Study 1 resulted in a 50-item version of the MTI measuring one underlying factor. Study 2 confirmed the essentially unidimensional underlying construct in a 47-item version of the MTI. Internal consistency of the 47-item version of the MTI was excellent (α = 0.97). The MTI showed moderate to large positive correlations with other measures related to mania. It was not correlated with measures of depression. CONCLUSION The MTI showed good psychometric properties and can be useful in research and clinical practice. Patients could use the MTI to select items that they recognize as being characteristic of their (hypo)manic episodes. By monitoring and challenging these items, the MTI could augment current psychological interventions for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Hanssen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Klooster
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Huijbers
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Lochmann van Bennekom
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Outpatient clinic for Bipolar Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira Boere
- PsyQ Department of Mood Disorders, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Geerling
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Dimence Mental Health, Center for Bipolar Disorders, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Goossens
- Dimence Mental Health, Center for Bipolar Disorders, Deventer, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ralph Kupka
- Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Mindfulness, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Regeer
- Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Outpatient clinic for Bipolar Disorders, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jerome L, McNamee P, Matanov A, Bird V, Priebe S. Which life domains are people with major depression satisfied or dissatisfied with? An individual patient data meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:459-465. [PMID: 37352937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with depression tend to score low on measures of subjective quality of life (SQoL) which has been suggested to reflect a general negative bias of perception. However, studies do not tend to investigate specific life domains. This study investigated satisfaction with life domains in people with major depression and explored influential factors. METHODS A one-step individual patient data meta-analysis combined data of 1710 people with major depression from four studies. In all studies, SQoL was measured on the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, which provides satisfaction ratings with 12 life domains. Associations between individual characteristics and satisfaction ratings were investigated using univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS Mean satisfaction ratings varied across life domains. Participants expressed dissatisfaction with several domains but expressed satisfaction with others, mainly for domains associated with close relationships. Some of the investigated characteristics were consistently associated with satisfaction ratings across the domains. LIMITATIONS The primary limitation of this study was in the analysis of individual characteristics, which were chosen based on identification in existing literature and availability in our datasets, and of which several were dichotomised to have sufficiently large numbers which may have resulted in lost nuance in the results. CONCLUSIONS People with major depression distinguish between their satisfaction with different life domains and are particularly satisfied with their close relationships. This challenges the notion of a general negative appraisal of life in this group, and highlights the need to evaluate satisfaction with different life domains separately.
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Huang Y, Zhang Q, Shang C, Cui L. How do fundamental emotion beliefs affect the rapid emotional processing? An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 191:19-28. [PMID: 37414220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Beliefs about whether emotions are good or bad, controllable or uncontrollable are two fundamental emotion beliefs. Studies have confirmed the link between the two beliefs and emotional responses, but how emotion beliefs affect the process from emotional stimulus perception to emotion generation and automatic regulation is unclear. Answering this question helps to understand the role of emotion beliefs in emotional dysfunction and dysregulation and can provide a basis for effective emotion regulation. Therefore, the current study used event-related potential (ERP) measures to examine the time course and neural mechanisms by which emotional beliefs influence the processing of emotional pictures. One hundred participants were divided into four groups (25 per group) according to controllable or uncontrollable beliefs about emotions and good or bad beliefs about negative emotions, and viewed emotional negative and neutral pictures. Results showed that P2 was more positive in participants with emotion controllable vs. uncontrollable belief. The early posterior negativity (EPN) was more negative for unpleasant than neutral images in participants with emotion good and controllable beliefs as well as with bad and uncontrollable beliefs. On late positive potential (LPP), middle LPP (500-1000ms) was more positive in emotion good vs. bad belief holders and the late LPP (1000-2000 ms) was more positive for negative than neutral images in emotion uncontrollable belief holders. The findings suggest that fundamental emotion beliefs can affect individuals' early attention and late meaning evaluation towards unpleasant stimuli. Furthermore, they provide insight into altered beliefs about emotion in people with emotion dysfunction or dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Huang
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China; School of Education, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Shang
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lixia Cui
- Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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Berglund AM, James SH, Raugh IM, Strauss GP. Beliefs About the Uncontrollability and Usefulness of Emotion in the Schizophrenia-Spectrum: Links to Emotion Regulation and Negative Symptoms. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:282-294. [PMID: 36779179 PMCID: PMC9894745 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Beliefs about the usefulness and controllability of emotions are associated with emotion regulation and psychological distress in the general population. Although individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders evidence emotion regulation abnormalities, it is unclear whether emotional beliefs contribute to these difficulties and their associated poor clinical outcomes. Methods Participants included 72 individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses (outpatients with schizophrenia n = 38; youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis, n = 34) and healthy controls (CN: n = 61) who completed the Emotional Beliefs Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and measures of clinical symptom severity. Results Those with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses reported believing that emotions were less controllable than CN; however, groups did not differ regarding beliefs about the usefulness of emotion. Greater beliefs of the uncontrollability of emotion were associated with greater use of suppression, less use of reappraisal, and increased negative symptoms. Emotion regulation partially mediated the association between emotional beliefs and negative symptoms. Conclusions Individuals in the schizophrenia-spectrum display superordinate beliefs that emotions are uncontrollable. These beliefs may influence emotion regulation strategy selection and success, which contributes to negative symptoms. Findings suggest that beliefs of emotional uncontrollability reflect a novel process related to both emotion regulation and negative symptoms that could be targeted in psychosocial treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10357-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysia M. Berglund
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA USA
| | - Sydney H. James
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA USA
| | - Ian M. Raugh
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA USA
| | - Gregory P. Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St, Athens, GA USA
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Buck B, Browne J, Gagen EC, Penn DL. Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: narrative review of the literature and persisting questions. J Ment Health 2023; 32:132-149. [PMID: 32228272 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1739240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition is often aberrant or impaired in psychotic disorders and related to functional outcomes. In particular, one core social cognitive bias - hostile attribution bias - is proposed to be implicated in paranoia, anxiety, mood disturbances and interpersonal conflict outcomes. However, questions remain about this domain's specificity to psychosis and its relationship to general functional outcomes. AIMS The present paper offers a descriptive and critical review of the literature on hostile attribution bias in psychotic disorders, in order to examine (1) its impact on persecutory symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, (2) impact on other related psychopathology among those experiencing psychosis and (3) relationship to functioning. METHODS Twenty-eight studies included in this review after parallel literature searches of PsycINFO and PubMed. RESULTS Evidence from these studies highlighted that hostile attribution bias is elevated in schizophrenia, and that it is related to anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict outcomes. CONCLUSION While results suggest that hostile attributions are elevated in schizophrenia and associated with symptoms and functioning, there exist numerous persisting questions in the study of this area, including identifying which measures are most effective and determining how it presents: as a state or trait-like characteristic, via dual processes, and its situational variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Buck
- Behavioral Research in Technology and Engineering (BRiTE) Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia Browne
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily C Gagen
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David L Penn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Li X, Yang P, Jiang Y, Gao D. Influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression: The mediating effects of anxiety and the moderating effects of perceived social support and stress perception. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1005909. [PMID: 36698611 PMCID: PMC9869132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Explore the influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression, with anxiety as a mediator and perceived social support and stress perception as moderates. Methods From February to March 2020, 1,196 valid data were collected online through questionnaire by cluster sampling method. Fear of COVID-19 Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used as the survey instrument, and the participants were female undergraduates from a liberal arts college of a Chinese university. Common method bias was assessed using Harman's single-factor test in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The levels of participants' anxiety, depression and perceived social support were described using frequency and percentage, Pearson Correlation test was used to measure the correlation between the variables. The PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 1, Model 4, and Model 21) were applied to examine the mediating effect and moderating effect of the model. Results Fear of COVID-19 can positively influence depression, anxiety plays a mediating role between fear of COVID-19 and depression, perceived social support negatively moderates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety, and stress perception positively moderates the relationship between anxiety and depression. These five variables can form a moderated mediating effect model. Conclusion Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception are risk factors for depression, perceived social support is a protective factor for depression. Reducing the fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception and enhancing perceived social support are beneficial to reduce the level of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanju Jiang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongdong Gao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,*Correspondence: Dongdong Gao, ✉
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Upadhyay V, Bhandari SS, Rai DP, Dutta S, García-Grau P, Vaddiparti K. Improving depression and perceived social support enhances overall quality of life among myocardial infarction survivors: necessity for integrating mental health care into cardiac rehabilitation programs. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58. [PMID: 35966720 PMCID: PMC9373032 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and low perceived social support (PSS) have been found to deleteriously affect quality of life (QoL) among myocardial infarction (MI) survivors. The complex relationship between these variables has not been assessed. We wanted to assess first the prevalence of depression among MI survivors and whether depression mediates the effect of PSS on QoL and, second, whether the physical and social domains of QoL mediated the effect of depression and PSS on the emotional domain. This cross-sectional study was done among MI survivors using Cardiac Depression Scale, MacNew Quality of Life After Myocardial Infarction Questionnaire and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to assess for depression, QoL and PSS respectively. Results: A total of 103 MI survivors were included in the study, and the mean age was 59.66 (± 10.42) years. Depression was found in 21.36% of the participants. The indirect effect of PSS on QoL with depression as a mediator was significant (b = 0.15, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.12, 0.18). The direct effect of PSS on QoL controlling for depression was also significant (b = 0.05, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.07). Depression as a mediator in the relationship explained 75.3% of the effect of PSS on QoL. PSS and depression did not have a significant direct effect on emotional QoL, but it became significant when the physical and social domains were included in the model. The total indirect effects of PSS and depression on emotional QoL were b = 0.16, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.17 and b = − 0.05, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.06, − 0.03, respectively. Conclusion: Depression and poor PSS impair physical and social domains, which impairs the emotional domain of QoL; as such, overall QoL is undermined. As limited physical and social activity because of depression and poor PSS may increase the risk of further cardiovascular events, a holistic approach which includes mental health care is warranted.
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Barlati S, Lisoni J, Nibbio G, Baldacci G, Cicale A, Ferrarin LC, Italia M, Zucchetti A, Deste G, Vita A. Current Evidence and Theories in Understanding the Relationship between Cognition and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102525. [PMID: 36292214 PMCID: PMC9600470 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review has covered the current evidence regarding the role of cognitive impairments during the early phase of major depressive disorder (MDD), attempting to describe the cognitive features in childhood, adolescence and in at-risk individuals. These issues were analyzed considering the trait, scar and state hypotheses of MDD by examining the cold and hot dimensions, the latter explained in relation to the current psychological theoretical models of MDD. This search was performed on several electronic databases up to August 2022. Although the present review is the first to have analyzed both cold and hot cognitive impairments considering the trait, scar and state hypotheses, we found that current evidence did not allow to exclusively confirm the validity of one specific hypothesis since several equivocal and discordant results have been proposed in childhood and adolescence samples. Further studies are needed to better characterize possible cognitive dysfunctions assessing more systematically the impairments of cold, hot and social cognition domains and their possible interaction in a developmental perspective. An increased knowledge on these topics will improve the definition of clinical endophenotypes of enhanced risk to progression to MDD and, to hypothesize preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce negative influences on psychosocial functioning and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barlati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lisoni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cicale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Chiara Ferrarin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Italia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zucchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Experiencing Violence among Children and Adolescents with Depression in the Aspect of Polish Law. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195818. [PMID: 36233683 PMCID: PMC9573047 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Violence is not uncommon in the contemporary world. The consequences of harmful experiences in childhood are often educational problems, difficult behavior, failure to cope in adulthood, duplication of learned, negative behavior patterns and disorders in various spheres/areas of life. The experience of childhood violence is associated with the occurrence of about half of mental disorders with onset in childhood and one third of disorders that appear later in life. Various emotional and behavioral disorders are mentioned among the psychological effects of violence against a child, including depressive disorders. Regarding experiences of violence, there is strong evidence that exposure to sexual or physical violence is a predictor of depressive episodes and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Among adolescents, the impact of violence on depression has been shown to be sustained. Accordingly, evidence suggests that elevated depressive symptoms and episodes of depression may even persist for up to two years after experiencing cases of violence. Due to the destructive consequences of such behavior, international and national law devote much attention to the protection of children's rights. Under Polish law, there are regulations describing measures of reaction within the family, as well as provisions sanctioning violent behavior. Therefore, the study discusses the family and criminal law aspects of violence against minors. The whole study is imbued with considerations of the so-called the obligation to denounce, i.e., to notify about the disclosure of a prohibited act committed to the detriment of minors. This issue was presented in the context of medical secrets and its type-psychiatric discretion.
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Scherer KR, Costa M, Ricci-Bitti P, Ryser VA. Appraisal Bias and Emotion Dispositions Are Risk Factors for Depression and Generalized Anxiety: Empirical Evidence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:857419. [PMID: 35859849 PMCID: PMC9289678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appraisal theory of emotion predicts that appraisal biases may generate stable emotion dispositions, which can ultimately lead to affective disorders. One example is the habitual underestimation of one’s potential to cope with adverse events, which favors frequent experiences of sadness and worry and therefore increases the risk for development of depression and generalized anxiety disorders. To examine the relationships between these variables as potential risk factors, in Study 1, we used appraisal and emotion questions in the Swiss Household Panel (SHP), a nationwide representative sample, and analyzed data for N = 4,859 participants in one annual survey wave (Wave 14, SHP 2012) via theory-based hierarchical regressions. Path analysis of the nomological network linking frequent experiences of depression and anxiety to the emotion dispositions of sadness and worry, and measures of perceived coping potential (appraisal bias) supports the theoretical predictions and further identifies the effects of important background variables such as personality, motivation, and life events. Discriminant analysis shows that these predictors allow correct classification of close to 70% of the participants with elevated risk. In Study 2, we used established validated instruments to assess the risk for depression and anxiety disorders, as well as a recently validated scenario method to assess appraisal bias and emotion disposition in a survey with N = 152 students. The results correspond to the theoretical predictions and largely confirm the findings with the household survey. The results of both studies demonstrate the utility of using current emotion theory to provide new vistas for research on risk factors for affective disorders and to inform the development of appropriate interventions to reduce the level of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus R. Scherer
- Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Klaus R. Scherer, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-0144
| | - Marco Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pio Ricci-Bitti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valérie-Anne Ryser
- FORS – The Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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A Computational View on the Nature of Reward and Value in Anhedonia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 58:421-441. [PMID: 34935117 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia - a common feature of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders - encompasses a reduction in the subjective experience and anticipation of rewarding events, and a reduction in the motivation to seek out such events. The presence of anhedonia often predicts or accompanies treatment resistance, and as such better interventions and treatments are important. Yet the mechanisms giving rise to anhedonia are not well understood. In this chapter, we briefly review existing computational conceptualisations of anhedonia. We argue that they are mostly descriptive and fail to provide an explanatory account of why anhedonia may occur. Working within the framework of reinforcement learning, we examine two potential computational mechanisms that could give rise to anhedonic phenomena. First, we show how anhedonia can arise in multi-dimensional drive-reduction settings through a trade-off between different rewards or needs. We then generalise this in terms of model-based value inference and identify a key role for associational belief structure. We close with a brief discussion of treatment implications of both of these conceptualisations. In summary, computational accounts of anhedonia have provided a useful descriptive framework. Recent advances in reinforcement learning suggest promising avenues by which the mechanisms underlying anhedonia may be teased apart, potentially motivating novel approaches to treatment.
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Bernstein EE, Nock MK, Kleiman EM. Day-to-day changes in negative attributions of stress: A daily diary study of cognitive vulnerability and negative affect in adults with elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:163-169. [PMID: 34298221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hopelessness theory is one of the most studied cognitive vulnerability theories of depression. It proposes that risk for depression is conferred by attributing the causes of negative events to global, internal, stable causes and inferring future negative consequences and negative characteristics about oneself from these events. Nearly all research has operationalized cognitive style using individuals' responses to hypothetical events at single timepoints. Far less research has explored attributions of specific events as they occur, none of which has involved clinical samples. METHODS This study aimed to examine if measuring event-specific attributions clarifies the relationship between negative cognitive style and clinical symptoms. Adults (n = 51), who had attempted suicide at least once in the year prior, were recruited from the community via online forums related to suicide risk. Participants provided nightly ratings of hopelessness and attributions of the most stressful event that day for four weeks. RESULTS The daily diary composite measure of cognitive style was more strongly associated with hopelessness and depressive symptoms than the trait measure. Daily attributions fully mediated the relationship between trait cognitive style and hopelessness. LIMITATIONS The measurement period could not capture the occurrence of a next depressive episode for all participants. Relatedly, we could not account for the precise nature of individual stressors. CONCLUSIONS At a population level, trait measures alone may be a useful risk factor. But, with the goal to move towards more personalized prediction and intervention, more dynamic, ecologically valid, and real time measures may help gain more traction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bernstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, MA, United States.
| | | | - Evan M Kleiman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Jere S, Patil AP, Shidaganti GI, Aladakatti SS, Jayannavar L. Dataset for modeling Beck's cognitive triad to understand depression. Data Brief 2021; 38:107431. [PMID: 34632022 PMCID: PMC8487009 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents data to model Beck's cognitive triad to understand the subjective symptoms of depression, such as negative view of self, future, and world. The Cognitive Triad Dataset (CTD) comprises 5886 messages, 600 from the Time-to-Change blog, 580 from Beyond Blue personal stories, and 4706 from Twitter. The data were manually labeled by skilled annotators. This data is divided into six categories: self-positive, world-positive, future-positive, self-negative, world-negative, and future-negative. The Cognitive Triad Dataset was evaluated on two subtasks: aspect detection and sentiment classification on given aspects. The dataset will aid in the comprehension of Beck's Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) items in a person's social media posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekant Jere
- MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, India
| | - Annapurna P Patil
- MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, India
| | | | | | - Laxmi Jayannavar
- MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, India
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16
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Abbott M, Slack KS. Exploring the relationship between childhood adversity and adult depression: A risk versus strengths-oriented approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 120:105207. [PMID: 34271337 PMCID: PMC8449493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests a dose-response relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adult depression. Both constructs are also known correlates of child maltreatment risk. OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between a cumulative count of ACEs and adult depressive symptoms in a sample of families at risk for child maltreatment. The study also aims to determine if a new childhood caregiving environment (CCE) scale predicts adult depressive symptoms as well as or better than the traditional ACE score in this high-risk population, and whether it holds potential as a service needs assessment tool for the child maltreatment prevention field. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Baseline survey data from a randomized control trial testing a child maltreatment prevention program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin were used. The sample (n = 618) included caregivers reported to and investigated by child protective services (CPS) for allegations of abuse or neglect. METHODS Ordinary least squares regression was used to look at the relationship between the number of ACEs, scores on the CCE scale, and adult depressive symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the CCE scale items in comparison to ACEs. RESULTS A high ACE score was associated with more depressive symptomatology (B = 0.82, p < 0.001). Conversely, adults with higher scores on the CCE scale had fewer depressive symptoms (B = -0.30, p < 0.001). There was also preliminary evidence that the CCE scale may tap into similar underlying constructs as ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Given that the CCE measure favors strengths-oriented question items, it may be a promising alternative to the risk-oriented ACE score in assessing parental childhood adversities known to be associated with the maltreatment of one's own children, and as an approach for identifying service needs related to childhood trauma in a maltreatment prevention context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Abbott
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Kristen S Slack
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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17
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Bomgaars D, Jensen GA, White LL, Van De Griend KM, Visser AK, Goodyke MP, Luong A, Tintle NL, Dunn SL. Investigating Rurality as a Risk Factor for State and Trait Hopelessness in Hospitalized Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020768. [PMID: 34465185 PMCID: PMC8649252 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Rurality and hopelessness are each associated with increased mortality in adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet there is no known research examining rurality as a risk factor for hopelessness in patients with IHD. This study evaluated rurality as a risk factor for state and trait hopelessness in adults hospitalized with IHD in samples drawn from the Great Lakes and Great Plains regions of the United States. Methods and Results A descriptive cross‐sectional design was used. Data were collected from 628 patients hospitalized for IHD in the Great Lakes (n=516) and Great Plains (n=112). Rural–Urban Commuting Area codes were used to stratify study participants by level of rurality. Levels of state hopelessness (measured by the State‐Trait Hopelessness Scale) were higher in rural patients (58.8% versus 48.8%; odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03–2.18), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographics, depression severity (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire–8), and physical functioning (measured by the Duke Activity Status Index; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06–2.40; P=0.026). There was evidence of an interaction between marital status and rurality on state hopelessness after accounting for covariates (P=0.02). Nonmarried individuals had an increased prevalence of state hopelessness (nonmarried 72.0% versus married 52.0%) in rural areas (P=0.03). Conclusions Rural patients with IHD, particularly those who are nonmarried, may be at higher risk for state hopelessness compared with patients with IHD living in urban settings. Understanding rurality differences is important in identifying subgroups most at risk for hopelessness. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04498975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Bomgaars
- Nursing Department Dordt University Sioux Center IA
| | | | - Lynn L White
- Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center Sioux Falls SD
| | | | - Angela K Visser
- Kielstra Center for Research and Scholarship Dordt University Sioux Center IA
| | - Madison P Goodyke
- College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science University of Illinois Chicago IL
| | - Anna Luong
- College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science University of Illinois Chicago IL
| | | | - Susan L Dunn
- College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science University of Illinois Chicago IL
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18
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Li Q, Guo L, Zhang S, Wang W, Li W, Chen X, Shi J, Lu C, McIntyre RS. The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: The multiple mediating effects of emotional and behavioral problems. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:129-135. [PMID: 33878646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the mediational effects of emotional and behavioral problems on the association between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among college students. METHODS Data were drawn from 60 universities from 10 provinces in China (n=30,374). Information about childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems were gathered through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models and mediating models were used. RESULTS After controlling for demographic factors, childhood emotional abuse was the strongest risk factor for depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95%CI=2.27-2.85). The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by emotional and behavioral problems with 68.7% total indirect effect. Among the 5 identified subtypes of emotional and behavioral problems, the mediating effects of emotional problems (57.3%) and hyperactivity (28.6%) were higher than peer problems (7.8%) and prosocial behavior (3.6%). Conduct problems did not show a significant mediating effect (p>0.05). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design is limited to make inferences about causality. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional abuse was strongly associated with depressive symptoms in college students. Of the five identified subtypes of emotional and behavioral problems, four subtypes mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms, including emotional problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingman Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Salamanca-Balen N, Merluzzi TV, Chen M. The effectiveness of hope-fostering interventions in palliative care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliat Med 2021; 35:710-728. [PMID: 33784903 DOI: 10.1177/0269216321994728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of hope is an important theme in chronic illness and palliative care and has been associated with increased psycho-spiritual well-being and quality of life. Psycho-spiritual interventions have been described in this population, but no systematic review of hope-enhancing interventions or hopelessness-reducing interventions has been conducted for persons with palliative care diseases. AIM To describe and assess the effectiveness of interventions in palliative care that measure hope and/or hopelessness as an outcome. DESIGN This systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered (Prospero ID: CRD42019119956). DATA SOURCES Electronic databases, journals, and references were searched. We used the Cochrane criteria to assess the risk of bias within studies. RESULTS Thirty-five studies (24 randomized controlled trials, 5 quasi-experimental, 6 pre-post studies) involving a total of 3296 palliative care patients were included. Compared with usual/standard cancer care alone, interventions significantly increased hope levels at a medium effect size (g = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28-0.93) but did not significantly reduce hopelessness (g = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.18 to 0.02). It was found that interventions significantly increase spirituality (g = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.02-1.37) and decrease depression (g = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.51 to -0.07), but had no significant effect over anxiety, quality of life, and symptom burden. Overall, quality of evidence across the included studies was rated as low. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that interventions can be effective in increasing hope in palliative care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas V Merluzzi
- Laboratory for Psycho-oncology Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Man Chen
- Quantitative Methods, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Lieberz KA, Müller-Engelmann M, Priebe K, Friedmann F, Görg N, Herzog JI, Steil R. Preferences and Ratings of Partner Traits in Female Survivors of Childhood Abuse With PTSD and Healthy Controls. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:1791-1822. [PMID: 29295010 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517744183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is growing empirical evidence for an association between childhood abuse (CA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. We tested whether revictimized survivors of severe to extreme severities of child sexual abuse (CSA) and severe severities of child physical abuse (CPA) differed from nonvictimized healthy controls in their trait preferences in intimate partners and their current mate choice. In a sample of 52 revictimized female patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after CSA/CPA and 52 female healthy controls, the validated Intimate Partner Preferences Questionnaire (IPPQ) was used to assess (a) the desirability of tenderness, dominance, and aggression traits in potential partners, and (b) the presence of these traits in their current intimate partners. Factors potentially associated with partner preference and mate choice, for example, chronicity of traumatic events and lower self-esteem, were explored. Our results showed that, in general, revictimized PTSD patients did not have a preference for dominant or aggressive partners. However, revictimized women displayed a significantly larger discrepancy than did healthy controls between their preferences for tenderness traits and their ratings of the presence of tenderness traits in their current partners. Our results indicated that revictimized patients had lower self-esteem values; however, these values were associated with higher demands for tenderness traits. Furthermore, our results revealed that compared with patients who experienced early-onset childhood abuse (CA), those who experienced later onset CA were more accepting of dominant traits in potential partners. Women who had experienced IPV rated their current partners to be overly dominant. A higher tolerance of dominance traits might increase the risk of IPV in a specific subgroup of abused women (women with a later onset of abuse experiences and experiences of IPV).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nora Görg
- Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Hugelshofer DS, Kwon P, Reff RC, Olson ML. Humour's role in the relation between attributional style and dysphoria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study empirically investigated the role of adaptive and maladaptive components of humour in the relation between attributional style and dysphoria. Four hundred eighteen students (134 male, 282 female; 2 respondents did not indicate gender) completed questionnaires measuring attributional style, humour styles and depressive symptoms. Among men and women, higher levels of affiliative and self‐enhancing humour, and lower levels of self‐defeating humour, were each associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Additionally, higher levels of affiliative humour provided a buffer against the deleterious effects of a negative attributional style in men, but not women. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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22
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Toth SL, Handley ED, Manly JT, Sturm R, Adams TR, Demeusy EM, Cicchetti D. The Moderating Role of Child Maltreatment in Treatment Efficacy for Adolescent Depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:1351-1365. [PMID: 32696103 PMCID: PMC7484366 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent girls are at heightened risk of depression, and because adolescent depression may initiate a negative developmental cascade, intervention early in adolescence has potential for altering a negative developmental trajectory. Identifying risk factors that impact response to intervention may inform decisions about the type of treatment to provide for adolescent girls with depression. Understanding moderators of outcomes in evidence-based treatment is critical to the delivery of timely and effective interventions. Matching patients effectively with optimal intervention will not only expedite the alleviation of patients' distress, but will also reduce unnecessary time and resources spent on less advantageous interventions. The current investigation examines the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A) in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 120 low-income adolescent girls age 13-15 with and without histories of child maltreatment. Adolescent and parent report of depressive symptoms were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment and a diagnosis of subsyndromal symptoms of depression or depression were required for purposes of inclusion. Results indicated that among adolescent girls who had experienced two or more subtypes of maltreatment, IPT-A was found to be more efficacious than Enhanced Community Standard (ECS) treatment. Importantly, when the subtype of maltreatment experienced was further probed, among girls with a history of sexual abuse, we found preliminary evidence that IPT-A was significantly more effective than ECS in reducing depressive symptoms, and the effect size was large. Thus, if a history of maltreatment is present, especially including sexual abuse, specifically addressing the interpersonal context associated with depressive symptoms may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheree L Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA.
| | - Elizabeth D Handley
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
| | - Jody Todd Manly
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
| | - Robin Sturm
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
| | - Tangeria R Adams
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Demeusy
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY, 14608, USA
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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23
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Newbold A, Warren FC, Taylor RS, Hulme C, Burnett S, Aas B, Botella C, Burkhardt F, Ehring T, Fontaine JRJ, Frost M, Garcia-Palacios A, Greimel E, Hoessle C, Hovasapian A, Huyghe VEI, Lochner J, Molinari G, Pekrun R, Platt B, Rosenkranz T, Scherer KR, Schlegel K, Schulte-Korne G, Suso C, Voigt V, Watkins ER. Promotion of mental health in young adults via mobile phone app: study protocol of the ECoWeB (emotional competence for well-being in Young adults) cohort multiple randomised trials. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:458. [PMID: 32962684 PMCID: PMC7510072 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting well-being and preventing poor mental health in young people is a major global priority. Building emotional competence (EC) skills via a mobile app may be an effective, scalable and acceptable way to do this. However, few large-scale controlled trials have examined the efficacy of mobile apps in promoting mental health in young people; none have tailored the app to individual profiles. METHOD/DESIGN The Emotional Competence for Well-Being in Young Adults cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) involves a longitudinal prospective cohort to examine well-being, mental health and EC in 16-22 year olds across 12 months. Within the cohort, eligible participants are entered to either the PREVENT trial (if selected EC scores at baseline within worst-performing quartile) or to the PROMOTE trial (if selected EC scores not within worst-performing quartile). In both trials, participants are randomised (i) to continue with usual practice, repeated assessments and a self-monitoring app; (ii) to additionally receive generic cognitive-behavioural therapy self-help in app; (iii) to additionally receive personalised EC self-help in app. In total, 2142 participants aged 16 to 22 years, with no current or past history of major depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis will be recruited across UK, Germany, Spain, and Belgium. Assessments take place at baseline (pre-randomisation), 1, 3 and 12 months post-randomisation. Primary endpoint and outcome for PREVENT is level of depression symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at 3 months; primary endpoint and outcome for PROMOTE is emotional well-being assessed on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale at 3 months. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, well-being, health-related quality of life, functioning and cost-effectiveness are secondary outcomes. Compliance, adverse events and potentially mediating variables will be carefully monitored. CONCLUSIONS The trial aims to provide a better understanding of the causal role of learning EC skills using interventions delivered via mobile phone apps with respect to promoting well-being and preventing poor mental health in young people. This knowledge will be used to develop and disseminate innovative evidence-based, feasible, and effective Mobile-health public health strategies for preventing poor mental health and promoting well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ( www.clinicaltrials.org ). Number of identification: NCT04148508 November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Newbold
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
| | - F. C. Warren
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R. S. Taylor
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C. Hulme
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - S. Burnett
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
| | - B. Aas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Botella
- grid.9612.c0000 0001 1957 9153Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T. Ehring
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J. R. J. Fontaine
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. Frost
- Monsenso ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Garcia-Palacios
- grid.9612.c0000 0001 1957 9153Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Hoessle
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Hovasapian
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - VEI Huyghe
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. Lochner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Molinari
- grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Pekrun
- grid.411958.00000 0001 2194 1270Department of Psychology, University of Essex, UK, and Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - B. Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Rosenkranz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K. R. Scherer
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Schlegel
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Schulte-Korne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Suso
- grid.9612.c0000 0001 1957 9153Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - V. Voigt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - E. R. Watkins
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Mood Disorders Centre, School of Psychology, Sir Henry Wellcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4LN UK
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Bougher LD, Lau RR. The origins of information processing preferences in politics: Examining parental influence. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v8i1.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive motivations (e.g., need for cognition and need to evaluate) and decision strategies (e.g., rational choice vs. heuristic-based) importantly shape political understanding, evaluations, and vote choice. Despite the importance of these cognitive factors, few studies have examined their origins. Adopting an exploratory framework with a primary focus on parental influence, we uniquely address this research gap by identifying potential pathways through which parents can affect this development. Using a convenience sample of college students who participated in a 10-week panel study with their parents, we reveal that, unlike many other political characteristics, there is little parent-child similarity in cognitive motivations and decision strategies. We, however, find some similarity in the information search behaviors parents and children exhibit during the mock election campaign. The findings highlight the need to further investigate not only additional parenting behaviors, but also the socializing role of the information environment itself.
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Thomas J, Barbato M, Verlinden M, Gaspar C, Moussa M, Ghorayeb J, Menon A, Figueiras MJ, Arora T, Bentall RP. Psychosocial Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:564172. [PMID: 33240122 PMCID: PMC7683430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.564172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is likely to be significant. Identifying vulnerable groups during the pandemic is essential for targeting psychological support, and in preparation for any second wave or future pandemic. Vulnerable groups are likely to vary across different societies; therefore, research needs to be conducted at a national and international level. This online survey explored generalized anxiety and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults (N = 1,039) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between April 8th and April 22nd, 2020. Respondents completed symptom measures of depression (PHQ8) and generalized anxiety (GAD7), along with psychosocial and demographic variables that might potentially influence such symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for the main study variables. Levels of anxiety and depression were notably higher than those reported in previous (pre-pandemic) national studies. Similar variables were statistically significantly associated with both depression and anxiety, most notably younger age, being female, having a history of mental health problems, self or loved ones testing positive for COVID-19, and having high levels of COVID-related anxiety and economic threat. Sections of the UAE population experienced relatively high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms during the early stages of the pandemic. Several COVID-related and psychosocial variables were associated with heightened symptomatology. Identifying such vulnerable groups can help inform the public mental health response to the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariapaola Barbato
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marina Verlinden
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carl Gaspar
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Moussa
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jihane Ghorayeb
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aaina Menon
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J Figueiras
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teresa Arora
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Giuntoli L, Marchetti I, Panzeri A, Spoto A, Vidotto G, Caudek C. Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Further evidence on the factorial and predictive validity of negative cognitive style. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 65:101479. [PMID: 31078919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous research has provided insufficient evidence on the factorial validity of the negative cognitive style questionnaires, which is a problem for the validity of the total score's computation. In Study 1, we focused on the relationship between internality and the other dimensions of negative cognitive style. In Study 2, we explored the predictive validity of negative cognitive style for negative interpretation bias. METHODS In Study 1, 770 participants completed the Cognitive Style Questionnaire - Short Form (CSQ-SF). In Study 2, from a prescreening data collection (N = 300) we selected participants with low (N = 40) and high (N = 32) cognitive vulnerability to depression who were primed with negative mood induction and who completed a generative interpretation task. RESULTS In Study 1, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the best fitting model for the CSQ-SF was a bifactor model without the internality dimension. In Study 2, a CFA replicated the factorial structure of Study 1 and individuals with a high negative cognitive style exhibited a negative interpretation bias after controlling for depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The university-age sample limited the generalizability of our results to different populations, and the lack of longitudinal data prevented us from discussing further implications on the relationship between the negative interpretation bias and negative cognitive style in predicting depression. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results of our two studies support the construct validity of the CSQ-SF and recommend the use of a composite score of negative cognitive style without internality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giuntoli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Igor Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Corrado Caudek
- NEUROFARBA, Psychology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Negative Memory Engrams in the Hippocampus Enhance the Susceptibility to Chronic Social Defeat Stress. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7576-7590. [PMID: 31405928 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1958-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been highly implicated in depression symptoms. Recent findings suggest that the expression and susceptibility of depression symptoms are related to the enhanced functioning of the hippocampus. We reasoned that hippocampal engrams, which represent ensembles of neurons with increased activity after memory formation, could underlie some contributions of the hippocampus to depression symptoms. Using the chronic social defeat stress model, we examined social defeat-related hippocampal engrams in mice that are either susceptible or resilient to the stressor. TetTag mice were used to label social defeat-related hippocampal ensembles by LacZ. Engram cells correspond to ensembles that were reactivated by the same stressor. Compared with resilient and nonstressed control mice, susceptible mice exhibited a higher reactivation of social defeat-related LacZ-labeled cells (i.e., engram cells) in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampal CA1 regions. The density of CA1 engram cells correlated with the level of social avoidance. Using DREADD and optogenetic approaches to activate and inactivate social defeat-related CA1 engram cells enhanced and suppressed social avoidance, respectively. Increased engram cells in susceptible mice could not be found in the dentate gyrus. Susceptible mice exhibited more negative stimuli-related, but not neutral stimuli-related, CA1 engram cells than resilient mice in the dorsal hippocampus. Finally, chronic, but not a short and subthreshold, social defeat protocol was necessary to increase CA1 engram cell density. The susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress is regulated by hippocampal CA1 engrams for negative memory. Hippocampal negative memory engrams may underlie the vulnerability and expression of cognitive symptoms in depression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We provided evidence that negative memory hippocampal engrams contribute to the susceptibility to developing depression-related behavior after chronic social defeat stress. The activation of positive memory engrams has been shown to alleviate depression-related behaviors, while our findings reveal the pathological roles of negative memory engrams that could lead to those behaviors. Increased negative memory engrams could be a downstream effect of the reported high hippocampal activity in animal models and patients with depression. Unlike affective symptoms, we know much less about the cellular mechanisms of the cognitive symptoms of depression. Given the crucial roles of hippocampal engrams in memory formation, enhanced reactivation of negative memory engrams could be an important cellular mechanism that underlies the cognitive symptoms of depression.
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Cortina M, Jack HE, Pearson R, Kahn K, Tollman S, Hlungwani T, Twine R, Stein A, Fazel M. Relationship between children's cognitions and later educational progress in rural South Africa: a longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:422-426. [PMID: 30842239 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) who remain in school have better health and employment outcomes. South Africa, like many LMICs, has a secondary school completion rate under 50%, leaving room for improvement if we can identify factors that affect educational attainment. This is the first longitudinal study to examine the effects of childhood mental health and cognitions on educational outcomes in LMIC. METHODS Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI-C), we assessed the psychological functioning and cognition of children aged 10-12 in rural South Africa. We linked that data with measures of educational progress collected 5 years later and examined associations between educational progress and (1) behavioural and emotional problems and (2) cognitive interpretations, adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS Educational data were available for 443 individuals. 92% (n=408) of individuals had advanced three or fewer grades in 7 years. Having more positive cognitions (CTIC-C) was positively associated with progressing at least three grade levels (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.79). There was no evidence for an association between emotional and behavioural problems (SDQ) and educational progress (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.11). CONCLUSION If children in LMICs can develop more positive perspectives, they may be able to stay in school longer. Cognitions can be modified, and future studies should test interventions that work to improve cognition in childhood, guided, for example, by principles of cognitive-behavioural therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cortina
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen E Jack
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca Pearson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- Medical Research Council / Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Tollman
- Medical Research Council / Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tintswalo Hlungwani
- Medical Research Council / Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rhian Twine
- Medical Research Council / Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alan Stein
- Medical Research Council / Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Sarkheil P, Goik N, Ibrahim CN, Schneider F. Effect of negative valence on assessment of self-relevance in female patients with borderline personality disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209989. [PMID: 30629628 PMCID: PMC6328147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A disturbed self-image is central to the characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Evaluations of self-relevance (SR) are highly important in cognitive and emotional processing of information and adaptive behavior. Method In the current study, we used affective statements to investigate if SR is altered in patients with higher scores on Borderline Symptom List (BSL-95). Forthyfemale adults with BPD and 20 healthy participants assessed a set of stimuli consisting of sentences in third-person for relevance to self. Results BPD patients exhibited a higher SR for negative contents as compared to healthy controls (p < .001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation coefficient was found between the increased bias in evaluating the SR of stimuli and borderline symptom severity scores, as measured by BSL-95 questionnaire (r = 0.67, p < .001). This effect persisted after controlling for depressive symptoms by a partial correlation analysis. Conclusion Our results revealed an enhanced SR for negative statements, which was related to the severity of individuals’ BPD symptoms. These findings add to the diagnostic information regarding the disturbed organization of self in this clinical population. We suggest the maladaptive evaluation of SR offers an important treatment target for therapeutic approaches to BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Sarkheil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical school, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship, Research Center Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Niko Goik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical school, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Camellia N. Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical school, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical school, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship, Research Center Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ford BQ, Gross JJ. Why Beliefs About Emotion Matter: An Emotion-Regulation Perspective. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721418806697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The world is complicated, and we hold a large number of beliefs about how it works. These beliefs are important because they shape how we interact with the world. One particularly impactful set of beliefs centers on emotion, and a small but growing literature has begun to document the links between emotion beliefs and a wide range of emotional, interpersonal, and clinical outcomes. Here, we review the literature that has begun to examine beliefs about emotion, focusing on two fundamental beliefs, namely whether emotions are good or bad and whether emotions are controllable or uncontrollable. We then consider one underlying mechanism that we think may link these emotion beliefs with downstream outcomes, namely emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight the role of beliefs about emotion across various psychological disciplines and outline several promising directions for future research.
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Rygula R, Noworyta-Sokolowska K, Drozd R, Kozub A. Using rodents to model abnormal sensitivity to feedback in depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:336-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao B, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Tian Q, Chen Z, Cohen Z, Landa Y, Mueser KT. A psychometric investigation of the Chinese version of the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (C-IPSAQ). Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:256. [PMID: 30487579 PMCID: PMC6261968 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The IPSAQ is a self-administered instrument designed to evaluate individuals' attributional style (AS). The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (C-IPSAQ). We also investigate if patients with depression and patients with delusions exhibit attributional biases. The English version of IPSAQ was translated into Chinese and back-translated into English for use in this study. 200 normal control individuals, 47 depressed patients, and 41 delusional patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited for this study. Psychometric properties of this questionnaire were evaluated. The IPSAQ was found to have good internal consistency as a scale. The mean Cronbach's alpha of the six subscales was 0.697. The inter-rater reliability was also acceptable. The concurrent validity analysis revealed that the C-IPSAQ was significantly correlated with ASQ. The group-comparison analyses showed differences in attributional style between patients with depression and patients with delusions compared to normal controls. We confirmed the reliability and validity of the C-IPSAQ, and that the instrument can discriminate specific attributional biases between different patient populations. The C-IPSAQ is a valid instrument to assess attributional style in delusional and depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- 0000 0004 1759 700Xgrid.13402.34Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009 P. R. China
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013 P. R. China
| | - Yihong Zhu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China. .,Department of Public Health, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing nanyuan hospital, Fengtai district Beijing, 100076 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013 P. R. China
| | - Zachary Cohen
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - Yulia Landa
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Kim T. Mueser
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation of Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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Beato A, Barros L, Pereira AI. Father's and mother's beliefs about children's anxiety. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:784-793. [PMID: 30133771 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has focused on parenting styles and parental behaviors associated with children's anxiety. Parental beliefs about their child's anxiety have scarcely been studied, in spite of their probable influence in parents seeking help. The present study intended to fil that gap, by exploring what parents think about their children's anxiety and whether these cognitions are related or not to their use of professional help. METHOD In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 48 parents (50% fathers) of children (9-12 years old) with anxiety problems. Theoretical thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts. RESULTS Three dimensions were derived from the analysis, concerning (a) the causes of child's anxiety, (b) the impact of anxiety in the child's functioning, and (c) the evolution of anxiety. Most parents perceived the child's anxiety as a permanent condition, attributing it to external and parental factors and considering that the anxiety problems have a negative impact on the child's well-being. Plus, parents who had previously sought professional help for the child's emotional problems tended to believe that anxiety could improve with child's or parents' efforts and with professional guidance, contrarily to those who had not. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted important parental beliefs about their children's anxiety that might influence their attitudes and decisions (e.g., seek for professional help). Other parental cognitions should be investigated in order to understand parenting in the context of childhood anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beato
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Saylik R, Szameitat AJ. The Association Between Negative Attributional Style and Working Memory Performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874350101811010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:It has been proposed that negative attributions contribute to impairment in cognitive task processing. However, it is still unknown whether negative attributions influence task processing in all cognitive tasks.Methods:To investigate this, 91 healthy participants completed attributional style questionnaire and performed three Working Memory (WM) tasks, which associated with different functions of WM (i.e. Central Executive System (CES) and visuospatial sketchpad).Results:The results demonstrated that negative attributions contribute to the impairment in cognitive tasks which is associated with spatial working memory rather than main central executive functions (i.e. switching and inhibition).Conclusions:It is concluded that negative attributions may selectively disrupt spatial working memory functions, thus a detrimental effect of negative attributions may be task specific.
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35
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Maxwell SD, Fineberg AM, Drabick DA, Murphy SK, Ellman LM. Maternal Prenatal Stress and Other Developmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Depression: Spotlight on Sex Differences. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:381-397. [PMID: 28393324 PMCID: PMC5828524 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy has been linked to premorbid abnormalities associated with depression (e.g., difficult temperament, cognitive deficits) in offspring. However, few studies have looked across developmental periods to examine maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring depression during adolescence and whether these associations differ by sex. The current study used data from 1711 mother-offspring dyads (offspring sex: 49.8% male) in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Maternal narratives collected during pregnancy were qualitatively coded for stress-related themes by independent raters. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified distinct subgroups of offspring based on exposure to maternal prenatal stress and other developmental factors from the prenatal, childhood, and adolescent periods that have been associated with depression and/or maternal prenatal stress. LCA identified subgroups that were compared to determine whether and to what extent they differed on adolescent depressive symptoms. LCA revealed a subgroup of "high-risk" individuals, characterized by maternal factors during pregnancy (higher ambivalence/negativity and lower positivity towards the pregnancy, higher levels of hassles, lower maternal education and higher maternal age at birth, higher pre-pregnancy BMI) and offspring developmental factors (decreased cognitive functioning during childhood and adolescence, lower perceived parental support during adolescence, and higher levels of maternal depression during adolescence). High-risk females exhibited elevated conduct symptoms and higher birth order, while high-risk males exhibited decreased internalizing symptoms and lower birth order. Both high-risk males and females reported elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence relative to their "low-risk" counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Maxwell
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Anna M Fineberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Deborah A Drabick
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Shannon K Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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Scherer KR. Comment: Comorbidity Between Mental and Somatic Pathologies: Deficits in Emotional Competence as Health Risk Factors. EMOTION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073917719331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
I strongly endorse many of the suggestions made by the authors of the extremely useful reviews in this issue. In particular, the need to identify the complex causal mechanisms underlying the major health risk factors requires urgent attention of the research community. I suggest considering the important role of emotional disturbances as contributors to health risks given the empirically established comorbidity between mental and somatic illness. Better knowledge of these mechanisms is an essential prerequisite to develop tailored personalized prevention and intervention programs, including reliable and valid assessment of deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus R. Scherer
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Munich, Germany
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37
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Stafford M, Antonucci TC, Zaninotto P. Joint Trajectories of Spousal Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Older Age. J Aging Health 2017; 31:760-782. [PMID: 29254428 PMCID: PMC6495403 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317747077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We describe changes in depressive symptoms and positive
and negative social support from the spouse/partner in a representative sample
of older people in England. Method: Men and women aged 50+
(N = 7,171) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
reported social support and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic
Studies Depression Scale) on up to five occasions between 2002-2003 and
2010-2011. Parallel process latent growth models estimated their bidirectional
associations, adjusted for gender, wealth, education, and limiting illness.
Results: In age- and gender-adjusted models, positive spousal
support decreased and negative support increased over time, especially among
women. Greater increases over time in depressive symptoms were seen in those
with lower positive support or higher negative support at baseline. More
baseline depressive symptoms predicted greater declines in positive support and
greater increases in negative support from the spouse. Discussion:
Improving older couple’s relationship quality may help reduce depressive
symptoms.
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Wielaard I, Comijs HC, Stek ML, Rhebergen D. Childhood Abuse and the Two-Year Course of Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:633-643. [PMID: 28215902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Late-life depression often has a chronic course, with debilitating effects on functioning and quality of life; there is still no consensus on important risk factors explaining this chronicity. Cross-sectional studies have shown that childhood abuse is associated with late-life depression, and in longitudinal studies with chronicity of depression in younger adults. We aim to investigate the impact of childhood abuse on the course of late-life depression. DESIGN Two-year longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Data were derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). PARTICIPANTS 282 participants with a depression diagnosis in the previous 6 months (mean age: 70.6 years), of whom 152 (53.9%) experienced childhood abuse. MEASUREMENTS Presence of childhood abuse (yes/no) and a frequency-based childhood abuse index (CAI) were calculated. Dependent variable was depression diagnosis after 2 years. RESULTS Multivariable mediation analysis showed an association between childhood abuse and depression diagnosis at follow-up. Depression severity, age at onset, neuroticism, and number of chronic diseases were important mediating variables of this association, which then lost statistical significance. For childhood abuse (yes/no), loneliness was an additional, significant mediator. Depression severity was the main mediating variable, reducing the direct effect by 26.5% to 33.3% depending on the definition of abuse (respectively, 'yes/no" abuse and CAI). CONCLUSIONS More depressive symptoms at baseline, lower age at depression onset, higher levels of neuroticism and loneliness, and more chronic diseases explain a poor course of depression in older adults who reported childhood abuse. When treating late-life depression it is important to detect childhood abuse and consider these mediating variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Wielaard
- GGZ inGeest / Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Department of Mental Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hannie C Comijs
- GGZ inGeest / Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Department of Mental Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max L Stek
- GGZ inGeest / Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Department of Mental Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- GGZ inGeest / Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Department of Mental Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Assunção AÁ, Abreu MNS. Factor associated with self-reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian adults. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:10s. [PMID: 28591358 PMCID: PMC5676370 DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) and analyze the factors associated with this outcome in the Brazilian population. METHODS In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we use data from the National Survey on Health (PNS) of 2013. The sample was composed of 60,202 Brazilians aged 18 years or older. The outcome variable was the occurrence of self-reported WMSD. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, personal resources, and health conditions were investigated as explanatory variables. Analyses were performed with the software Stata 12.0 and considered the weighting imposed by the sampling design of the study. Then, univariate and multivariate binary logistic models were carried out, considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The results obtained indicated that the prevalence of WMSD in the Brazilian population was of 2.5%, ranging from 0.2% (Acre) to 4.2% (Santa Catarina). The factors associated with a greater chance of occurrence of WMSD were: female sex (OR = 2.33; 95%CI 1.72–3.15); be temporarily away from work (OR = 2.44; 95%CI 1.41–4.23); be exposed to noise at the workplace (OR = 2.16; 95%CI 1.68–2.77); seniority equal to or greater than 4.5 years at the current job (OR = 1.37; 95%CI 1.09–1.72); participate in volunteer work (OR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.25–2.17); report medical diagnosis of arthritis or rheumatism (OR = 2.40; 95%CI 1.68–3.44); and depression (OR = 2.48; 95%CI 1.86–3.31). On the other hand, factors associated with less chance of WMSD were: not having a partner (OR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.37–0.71) and working in an open environment (OR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.37–0.71). CONCLUSIONS The associated factors and the prevalence found indicate regional and gender differences. Special attention to comorbidities and environmental noise monitoring would benefit the health of workers in the Country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ávila Assunção
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Mery Natali Silva Abreu
- Departamento de Enfermagem Aplicada. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Chow KW, Lo BCY. Parental Factors Associated with Rumination Related Metacognitive Beliefs in Adolescence. Front Psychol 2017; 8:536. [PMID: 28443049 PMCID: PMC5385378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of research studies have suggested that metacognition is associated with individuals' mental health. Specifically, metacognitive beliefs about rumination was proposed to link to the onset and maintenance of depression according to the metacognitive model of depression. The current study aimed to serve as a pilot study exploring how parents' metacognitive beliefs and parenting characteristics are associated with rumination related metacognitive beliefs in adolescents. Eighty-five parent-youth dyads were invited to complete a set of questionnaires examining their metacognitive beliefs about rumination followed by a difficult puzzle task, in which parent-adolescent interaction patterns were recorded to examine the parenting style. Results found that parents' and adolescents' positive metacognitive beliefs about rumination were significantly associated with each other. In addition, parental negativity was significantly associated with adolescents' positive metacognitive beliefs of rumination and parental over-involvement was marginally associated with adolescents' negative metacognitive beliefs of rumination. The findings highlighted the association between parental factors and adolescents' metacognitive beliefs about rumination. Implications on the prevention of adolescent's depression were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara C. Y. Lo
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong KongPokfulam, Hong Kong
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Knyazev GG, Kuznetsova VB, Savostyanov AN, Dorosheva EA. Does collectivism act as a protective factor for depression in Russia? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sachs-Ericsson NJ, Rushing NC, Stanley IH, Sheffler J. In my end is my beginning: developmental trajectories of adverse childhood experiences to late-life suicide. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:139-65. [PMID: 26264208 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Converging evidence suggests that the sequelae of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including childhood abuse (e.g., sexual, physical, emotional/verbal abuse, neglect) and other ACE (e.g., family dysfunction, parental loss, parental psychopathology, substance abuse, incarceration, and domestic violence) have pronounced effects on suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide) in older age. There are fundamental changes in the developmental trajectory of biological, psychological and behavioral processes that result from ACE and that exert influence throughout the life span. Different moderators and mediators may affect the extent and nature of the relationship. However, the literature on the specific mechanisms whereby ACE affects suicidality in later life has not been well identified. METHOD We review and draw from extant multidisciplinary evidence to develop a heuristic framework through which to understand how ACE may lead to suicide in later life. RESULTS Proposed mechanisms span biological factors (neurological, gene-environment), psychiatric and health functioning, and psychosocial development (cognitive biases, coping resources, interpersonal deficits). Evidence suggests that ACEs affect each of these constructs, and it is likely in the interaction of these constructs with late-life stressors that suicidality in older adulthood emerges. CONCLUSION ACEs have persistent and multifaceted effects on suicidality in late life. This association is due to multi-varied pathways. It is believed that the explanatory framework developed herein--in which biological, psychological and behavioral factors are organized, and the role of late-life stressors is highlighted--will spark further scientific inquiry into this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole C Rushing
- b Department of Psychology , Coastal Carolina University , SC , USA
| | - Ian H Stanley
- c Department of Psychology , Florida State University , FL , USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- c Department of Psychology , Florida State University , FL , USA
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John Mann J, Ellis SP, Currier D, Zelazny J, Birmaher B, Oquendo MA, Kolko DJ, Stanley B, Melhem N, Burke AK, Brent DA. Self-Rated Depression Severity Relative to Clinician-Rated Depression Severity: Trait Stability and Potential Role in Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior. Arch Suicide Res 2016; 20:412-25. [PMID: 27046009 PMCID: PMC8451948 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2015.1033504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-rated depression and hopelessness severity are predictors of suicide attempt in major depression. This study evaluated whether: (1) greater self-rated distress relative to severity of clinician-rated depression is a trait; (2) that trait is familial; and (3) that trait is linked to familial transmission of suicidal behavior. A total of 285 mood disorder probands and 457 offspring were assessed twice, at least 1 year apart. Family and subject intra-class correlations for self-report depression and hopelessness, controlling for clinician-rated depression severity, were computed. Mixed general linear models determined offspring-proband correlations. Within-individual intra-class correlation (ICC) for depression-hopelessness was 37.8% (bootstrap 95% CI: 31.0-46.3%). Parent-offspring ICC was 10.7% (bootstrap 95% CI: 3.5-17.8%). Suicide attempt concordant parent-offspring correlation for subjective depression was positive, but negative for attempter parent and nonattempter offspring (p = .0213 for slope interaction). Pessimism was greater in proband or offspring attempters than proband or offspring nonattempters (p < .05). Self-reported hopelessness is partly trait-dependent, and there is modest familial transmission of self-reported depression linked to suicidal behavior that may partly explain familial transmission of suicidal behavior.
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Alloy LB, Abramson LY, Francis EL. Do Negative Cognitive Styles Confer Vulnerability to Depression? CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the cognitive-vulnerability hypothesis of depression, negative cognitive styles confer vulnerability to depression when people confront negative life events. In this article, we present evidence that negative cognitive styles do indeed confer vulnerability to clinically significant depressive disorders and suicidality and discuss possible developmental antecedents of cognitive vulnerability to depression. We consider the issue of stability versus change in cognitive vulnerability to depression and discuss the broader implications of the cognitive-vulnerability findings for mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lyn Y. Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Erika L. Francis
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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De Raedt R, Hooley JM. The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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German Translation and Validation of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire Short Form (CSQ-SF-D). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149530. [PMID: 26934499 PMCID: PMC4774974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Cognitive Style Questionnaire is a valuable tool for the assessment of hopeless cognitive styles in depression research, with predictive power in longitudinal studies. However, it is very burdensome to administer. Even the short form is still long, and neither this nor the original version exist in validated German translations. Methods The questionnaire was translated from English to German, back-translated and commented on by clinicians. The reliability, factor structure and external validity of an online form of the questionnaire were examined on 214 participants. External validity was measured on a subset of 90 subjects. Results The resulting CSQ-SF-D had good to excellent reliability, both across items and subscales, and similar external validity to the original English version. The internality subscale appeared less robust than other subscales. A detailed analysis of individual item performance suggests that stable results could be achieved with a very short form (CSQ-VSF-D) including only 27 of the 72 items. Conclusions The CSQ-SF-D is a validated and freely distributed translation of the CSQ-SF into German. This should make efficient assessment of cognitive style in German samples more accessible to researchers.
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Moore MT, Dawkins MR, Fisher JW, Fresco DM. Depressive Realism and Attributional Style: Replication and Extension. Int J Cogn Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct_2016_09_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sanchez AL, Kendall PC, Comer JS. Evaluating the Intergenerational Link Between Maternal and Child Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Examination. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kelly AB, Mason WA, Chmelka MB, Herrenkohl TI, Kim MJ, Patton GC, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Depressed Mood During Early to Middle Adolescence: A Bi-national Longitudinal Study of the Unique Impact of Family Conflict. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1604-13. [PMID: 26861643 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depressed mood is related to the development of subsequent mental health problems, and family problems have been linked to adolescent depression. Longitudinal research on adolescent depressed mood is needed to establish the unique impact of family problems independent of other potential drivers. This study tested the extent to which family conflict exacerbates depressed mood during adolescence, independent of changes in depressed mood over time, academic performance, bullying victimization, negative cognitive style, and gender. Students (13 years old) participated in a three-wave bi-national study (n = 961 from the State of Washington, United States, n = 981 from Victoria, Australia; 98 % retention, 51 % female in each sample). The model was cross-lagged and controlled for the autocorrelation of depressed mood, negative cognitive style, academic failure, and bullying victimization. Family conflict partially predicted changes in depressed mood independent of changes in depressed mood over time and the other controls. There was also evidence that family conflict and adolescent depressed mood are reciprocally related over time. The findings were closely replicated across the two samples. The study identifies potential points of intervention to interrupt the progression of depressed mood in early to middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - W Alex Mason
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Mary B Chmelka
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- College of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - George C Patton
- University of Melbourne and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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