1
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Cenigaonandia-Campillo A, Garcia-Bautista A, Rio-Vilariño A, Cebrian A, Del Puerto L, Pellicer JA, Gabaldón JA, Pérez-Sánchez H, Carmena-Bargueño M, Meroño C, Traba J, Fernandez-Aceñero MJ, Baños-Herraiz N, Mozas-Vivar L, Núñez-Delicado E, Garcia-Foncillas J, Aguilera Ó. Vitamin-C-dependent downregulation of the citrate metabolism pathway potentiates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth arrest. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38425123 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), metabolic rewiring and resistance to standard therapy are closely associated. PDAC cells show enormous requirements for glucose-derived citrate, the first rate-limiting metabolite in the synthesis of new lipids. Both the expression and activity of citrate synthase (CS) are extraordinarily upregulated in PDAC. However, no previous relationship between gemcitabine response and citrate metabolism has been documented in pancreatic cancer. Here, we report for the first time that pharmacological doses of vitamin C are capable of exerting an inhibitory action on the activity of CS, reducing glucose-derived citrate levels. Moreover, ascorbate targets citrate metabolism towards the de novo lipogenesis pathway, impairing fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) expression. Lowered citrate availability was found to be directly associated with diminished proliferation and, remarkably, enhanced gemcitabine response. Moreover, the deregulated citrate-derived lipogenic pathway correlated with a remarkable decrease in extracellular pH through inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and overall reduced glycolytic metabolism. Modulation of citric acid metabolism in highly chemoresistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma, through molecules such as vitamin C, could be considered as a future clinical option to improve patient response to standard chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Garcia-Bautista
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
| | - Anxo Rio-Vilariño
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
| | - Arancha Cebrian
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
| | - José Antonio Pellicer
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Carolina Meroño
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular-UAM (IUBM-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Traba
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular-UAM (IUBM-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lorena Mozas-Vivar
- Preclinical programe START Madrid-FJD Hospital fundación Jiménez Díaz, Spain
| | - Estrella Núñez-Delicado
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Jesús Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
| | - Óscar Aguilera
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz-UAM (Madrid), Spain
- Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
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2
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Ziegler DV, Parashar K, Fajas L. Beyond cell cycle regulation: The pleiotropic function of CDK4 in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:51-63. [PMID: 38135020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
CDK4, along with its regulatory subunit, cyclin D, drives the transition from G1 to S phase, during which DNA replication and metabolic activation occur. In this canonical pathway, CDK4 is essentially a transcriptional regulator that acts through phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) and subsequent activation of the transcription factor E2F, ultimately triggering the expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression to S phase. In this review, we focus on the newly reported functions of CDK4, which go beyond direct regulation of the cell cycle. In particular, we describe the extranuclear roles of CDK4, including its roles in the regulation of metabolism, cell fate, cell dynamics and the tumor microenvironment. We describe direct phosphorylation targets of CDK4 and decipher how CDK4 influences these physiological processes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V Ziegler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kanishka Parashar
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhu J, Gu M, Gu K. Prognosis and Characterization of Microenvironment in Cervical Cancer Influenced by Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:6851036. [PMID: 36936374 PMCID: PMC10017219 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6851036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that diverse activation patterns of metabolic signalling pathways may lead to molecular diversity of cervical cancer (CC). But rare research focuses on the alternation of fatty acid metabolism (FAM) in CC. Therefore, we constructed and compared models based on the expression of FAM-related genes from the Cancer Genome Atlas by different machine learning algorithms. The most reliable model was built with 14 significant genes by LASSO-Cox regression, and the CC cohort was divided into low-/high-risk groups by the median of risk score. Then, a feasible nomogram was established and validated by C-index, calibration curve, net benefit, and decision curve analysis. Furthermore, the hub genes among differential expression genes were identified and the post-transcriptional and translational regulation networks were characterized. Moreover, the somatic mutation and copy number variation landscapes were depicted. Importantly, the specific mutation drivers and signatures of the FAM phenotypes were excavated. As a result, the high-risk samples were featured by activated de novo fatty acid synthesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammation response, which might be caused by mutations of oncogenic driver genes in RTK/RAS, PI3K, and NOTCH signalling pathways. Besides the hyperactivity of cytidine deaminase and deficiency of mismatch repair, the mutations of POLE might be partially responsible for the mutations in the high-risk group. Next, the antigenome including the neoantigen and cancer germline antigens was estimated. The decreasing expression of a series of cancer germline antigens was identified to be related to reduction of CD8 T cell infiltration in the high-risk group. Then, the comprehensive evaluation of connotations between the tumour microenvironment and FAM phenotypes demonstrated that the increasing risk score was related to the suppressive immune microenvironment. Finally, the prediction of therapy targets revealed that the patients with high risk might be sensitive to the RAF inhibitor AZ628. Our findings provide a novel insight for personalized treatment in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhou
- 1Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- 2Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Mengxuan Gu
- 3Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Ke Gu
- 1Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
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4
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Tan SK, Hougen HY, Merchan JR, Gonzalgo ML, Welford SM. Fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC: mechanisms and potential targets. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:48-60. [PMID: 36192502 PMCID: PMC10826284 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet formation is a defining histological feature in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) but the underlying mechanisms and importance of this biological behaviour have remained enigmatic. De novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis, uptake and suppression of FA oxidation have all been shown to contribute to lipid storage, which is a necessary tumour adaptation rather than a bystander effect. Clinical studies and mechanistic investigations into the roles of different enzymes in FA metabolism pathways have revealed new metabolic vulnerabilities that hold promise for clinical effect. Several metabolic alterations are associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with ccRCC, as lipogenic genes drive tumorigenesis. Enzymes involved in the intrinsic FA metabolism pathway include FA synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP citrate lyase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, cluster of differentiation 36, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and the perilipin family, and each might be potential therapeutic targets in ccRCC owing to the link between lipid deposition and ccRCC risk. Adipokines and lipid species are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in patients with ccRCC. FA metabolism could potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention in ccRCC as small-molecule inhibitors targeting the pathway have shown promising results in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Kiat Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen Y Hougen
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jaime R Merchan
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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5
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Won K, Kim D, Shin D, Hur J, Lee HK, Heo J, Oh JD. High-throughput sequencing-based metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis of intestine in piglets infected with salmonella. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1144-1172. [PMID: 36812005 PMCID: PMC9890335 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate HJL777 is a virulent bacterial strain in pigs. The high rate of salmonella infection are at high risk of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis development. Salmonellosis is most common in young pigs. We investigated changes in gut microbiota and biological function in piglets infected with salmonella via analysis of rectal fecal metagenome and intestinal transcriptome using 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing. We identified a decrease in Bacteroides and increase in harmful bacteria such as Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria by microbial community analysis. We predicted that reduction of Bacteroides by salmonella infection causes proliferation of salmonella and harmful bacteria that can cause an intestinal inflammatory response. Functional profiling of microbial communities in piglets with salmonella infection showed increasing lipid metabolism associated with proliferation of harmful bacteria and inflammatory responses. Transcriptome analysis identified 31 differentially expressed genes. Using gene ontology and Innate Immune Database analysis, we identified that BGN, DCN, ZFPM2 and BPI genes were involved in extracellular and immune mechanisms, specifically salmonella adhesion to host cells and inflammatory responses during infection. We confirmed alterations in gut microbiota and biological function during salmonella infection in piglets. Our findings will help prevent disease and improve productivity in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyeongHye Won
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University,
Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Jaeyoung Heo,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2549, E-mail:
| | - Jae-Don Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National
University, Jeonju 54896, Korea,Corresponding author: Jae-Don Oh,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-5931, E-mail:
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6
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Beebe J, Josephraj S, Wang CJ, Danielson J, Cui Q, Huang C, Barlow L, Zhang RH, Zhang T, Nakshatri H, Dong Z, Li X, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13681-13691. [PMID: 36257066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a sole cytosolic enzyme responsible for de-novo lipid synthesis, is overexpressed in cancer but not in normal non-lipogenic tissues. FASN has been targeted, albeit no such inhibitor has been approved. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), approved for digestive disorders, were found to inhibit FASN with anticancer activities in attempting to repurpose Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Indeed, PPI usage benefited breast cancer patients and increased their response rate. Due to structural similarity, we thought that their metabolites might extend anticancer effects of PPIs by inhibiting FASN. Here, we tested this hypothesis and found that 5-hydroxy lansoprazole sulfide (5HLS), the end lansoprazole metabolite, was more active than lansoprazole in inhibiting FASN function and regulation of NHEJ repair of oxidative DNA damage via PARP1. Surprisingly, 5HLS inhibits the enoyl reductase, whereas lansoprazole inhibits the thioesterase of FASN. Thus, PPI metabolites may contribute to the lasting anticancer effects of PPIs by inhibiting FASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Beebe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sophia Josephraj
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Chao J Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jacob Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Caoqinglong Huang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Lincoln Barlow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ryan H Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Taolan Zhang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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7
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Bidne KL, Uhlson C, Palmer C, Berry KZ, Powell TL. Human placental lipid content and lipid metabolic enzyme abundance in obesity and across gestation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1389-1404. [PMID: 36103262 PMCID: PMC10108672 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in placental lipid metabolism influence the delivery of lipids critical for fetal development and fetal requirements for lipids change across gestation. We hypothesized that placental lipid content and metabolic enzyme protein levels increase across gestation and are elevated in obesity. Placentas (4-40 weeks' gestation) were collected from control (body mass index, BMI = 18.5-24.9, n=37) and obese (BMI > 30, n=19) pregnant women. Trophoblast villous tissue was homogenized and subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for phospholipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis and western blot for protein quantification. The placental content of TAG species and nine of 35 identified phosphatidylcholines (PC) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in first trimester (28-79%, 10-47%, respectively). Furthermore, two TAG and three PC differed by maternal BMI and were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the obese group in first trimester (72-87%, 88-119%, respectively). Placental protein abundance of glycerol-2-phosphate (GPAT3) and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), involved in de novo synthesis of PC and TAG, were higher (P<0.05) in the first trimester (66 and 74%, respectively). The protein abundance of the PC-remodeling enzyme PLA2G4c was also higher (63%) in first trimester (P<0.05). In conclusion, the placental content of many phospholipid and TAG species and the protein level of associated synthesis enzymes are higher in first-trimester human placenta. The high PC content may be related to the rapid membrane expansion in early pregnancy and the low placental oxygen tension may promote the accumulation of tissue TAGs in first trimester. Maternal obesity had only limited impact on placental lipid content and metabolic enzyme protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Bidne
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Claire Palmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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An Q, Lin R, Wang D, Wang C. Emerging roles of fatty acid metabolism in cancer and their targeted drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114613. [PMID: 35853429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is now considered as one of hallmark of tumor cells and provides them with a selective survival/growth advantage to resist harsh micro-environmental stress. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism of tumor cells supports the biosynthetic needs and provides fuel sources for energy supply. Since FA metabolic reprogramming is a critical link in tumor metabolism, its various roles in tumors have attracted increasing interest. Herein, we review the mechanisms through which cancer cells rewire their FA metabolism with a focus on the pathway of FA metabolism and its targeting drug development. The failure and successful cases of targeting tumor FA metabolism are expected to bypass the metabolic vulnerability and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China.
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9
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Nascimento J, Mariot C, Vianna DRB, Kliemann LM, Chaves PS, Loda M, Buffon A, Beck RCR, Pilger DA. Fatty acid synthase as a potential new therapeutic target for cervical cancer. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210670. [PMID: 35507982 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. Many tumour cells express high levels of FASN, and its expression is associated with a poorer prognosis. Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, representing the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide. To date, only a few in silico studies have correlated FASN expression with cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate in vitro FASN expression in premalignant lesions and cervical cancer samples and the effects of a FASN inhibitor on cervical cancer cells. FASN expression was observed in all cervical cancer samples with increased expression at more advanced cervical cancer stages. The FASN inhibitor (orlistat) reduced the in vitro cell viability of cervical cancer cells (C-33A, ME-180, HeLa and SiHa) in a time-dependent manner and triggered apoptosis. FASN inhibitor also led to cell cycle arrest and autophagy. FASN may be a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer, and medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical researchers and formulators should consider this finding in the development of new treatment approaches for this cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Mariot
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora R B Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lúcia M Kliemann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035-002 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula S Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Massimo Loda
- Weil Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,New York Genome Center Affiliate Member, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10013, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 2142, USA
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruy C R Beck
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Pilger
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Kelly JM, Jeitner TM, Waterhouse NN, Qu W, Linstad EJ, Samani B, Williams C, Nikolopoulou A, Amor-Coarasa A, DiMagno SG, Babich JW. Synthesis and Evaluation of 11C-Labeled Triazolones as Probes for Imaging Fatty Acid Synthase Expression by Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051552. [PMID: 35268652 PMCID: PMC8911806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require lipids to fulfill energetic, proliferative, and signaling requirements. Even though these cells can take up exogenous fatty acids, the majority exhibit a dependency on de novo fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the rate-limiting enzyme in this process. Expression and activity of FASN is elevated in multiple cancers, where it correlates with disease progression and poor prognosis. These observations have sparked interest in developing methods of detecting FASN expression in vivo. One promising approach is the imaging of radiolabeled molecular probes targeting FASN by positron emission tomography (PET). However, although [11C]acetate uptake by prostate cancer cells correlates with FASN expression, no FASN-specific PET probes currently exist. Our aim was to synthesize and evaluate a series of small molecule triazolones based on GSK2194069, an FASN inhibitor with IC50 = 7.7 ± 4.1 nM, for PET imaging of FASN expression. These triazolones were labeled with carbon-11 in good yield and excellent radiochemical purity, and binding to FASN-positive LNCaP cells was significantly higher than FASN-negative PC3 cells. Despite these promising characteristics, however, these molecules exhibited poor in vivo pharmacokinetics and were predominantly retained in lymph nodes and the hepatobiliary system. Future studies will seek to identify structural modifications that improve tumor targeting while maintaining the excretion profile of these first-generation 11C-methyltriazolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kelly
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas M. Jeitner
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Nicole N. Waterhouse
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Ethan J. Linstad
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Banafshe Samani
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - Clarence Williams
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Alejandro Amor-Coarasa
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - John W. Babich
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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11
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Lipid Metabolism and Epigenetics Crosstalk in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040851. [PMID: 35215499 PMCID: PMC8874497 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.
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12
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Raab S, Very N, Duchêne B, Rybarczyk P, Jonckheere N, El Yazidi‑belkoura I, Lefebvre T. Evaluation of the expression of fatty acid synthase and O‑GlcNAc transferase in patients with liver cancer by exploration of transcriptome databases and experimental approaches. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:105. [PMID: 35242233 PMCID: PMC8848257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor occurrence and development are closely related to metabolism abnormalities. One of the metabolic networks that is dysregulated during carcinogenesis is the fatty acid synthesis pathway, which is mainly controlled by fatty acid synthase (FASN). We previously demonstrated in proliferating HepG2 liver cancer cells that FASN expression depends on the catalytic activity of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the activation of the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The aim of the present study was to go further in these investigations by analyzing datasets and tissues of patients with liver cancer. To that purpose, transcriptome databases were explored, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used. Database analyses revealed that FASN and OGT gene expression was higher in certain cancer tissues, including liver hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with that in non-cancerous tissues. At the protein level, FASN expression was higher in the liver cancer-derived cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B compared with the immortalized human hepatocytes IHH cell line. However, neither the expression of OGT nor of its product O-GlcNAcylation showed any significant difference among the three hepatic cell lines. Subsequently, the expression of FASN and OGT at the protein and mRNA levels was evaluated in human liver cancer and non-tumoral tissues from the same patients with different liver lesions. The results from western blotting demonstrated a significant increase in OGT ands O-GlcNAcylation expression in liver cancer tissues independently of the type of lesion characterizing the non-tumoral counterpart. As previously reported for HepG2 proliferating cells, the protein level of FASN was positively correlated with the activation of mTOR and, although a rather upward trend, a high variability in its expression was monitored between patients. However, the results from immunohistochemistry showed no particular modification for OGT and O-GlcNAcylation expression and a significant increase in FASN expression in cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumoral tissues. Non-significant changes were observed for FASN and OGT mRNA levels between tumoral and non-tumoral samples, with a high variability between patients. Taken together, these results demonstrated that FASN expression was higher in hepatic cancer tissues in comparison with non-tumoral tissues. Furthermore, OGT expression and activity were shown to vary greatly between cell or cancer type, making any generalization difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576‑UGSF‑Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F‑59000 Lille, France
| | - Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576‑UGSF‑Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F‑59000 Lille, France
| | - Belinda Duchêne
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020‑U1277, CANTHER‑Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F‑59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Rybarczyk
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, CHU Amiens‑Picardie, F‑80000 Amiens, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 9020‑U1277, CANTHER‑Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F‑59000 Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi‑belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576‑UGSF‑Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F‑59000 Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576‑UGSF‑Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F‑59000 Lille, France
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13
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Gao J, Ma K, Zhang L, Li T, Zhao B, Jiang Y. Paired related homeobox 1 attenuates autophagy via acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1-regulated fatty acid metabolism in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1006-1016. [PMID: 35032368 PMCID: PMC9063443 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can affect the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma. Our previous study has shown that invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) can be promoted by the metabolic reprogramming of free fatty acids (FFAs). However, the effect of FFA metabolism on autophagy in SACC remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) reduced the number of autophagosomes and decreased the expression of LC3 and Beclin‐1 in SACC patients and SACC‐83 cells in vitro. Moreover, PRRX1‐mediating FFA reprogramming triggered to autophagy via regulating acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), leading to invasion and migration in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangjie Ma
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
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14
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Zhang L, La X, Tian J, Li H, Li A, Liu Y, Wu C, Li Z. The phytochemical vitexin and syringic acid derived from foxtail fillet bran inhibit breast cancer cells proliferation via GRP78/SREBP-1/SCD1 signaling axis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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15
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Scaglia N, Frontini-López YR, Zadra G. Prostate Cancer Progression: as a Matter of Fats. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719865. [PMID: 34386430 PMCID: PMC8353450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fifth cause of cancer death worldwide. Although survival has improved with second-generation androgen signaling and Parp inhibitors, the benefits are not long-lasting, and new therapeutic approaches are sorely needed. Lipids and their metabolism have recently reached the spotlight with accumulating evidence for their role as promoters of PCa development, progression, and metastasis. As a result, interest in targeting enzymes/transporters involved in lipid metabolism is rapidly growing. Moreover, the use of lipogenic signatures to predict prognosis and resistance to therapy has been recently explored with promising results. Despite the well-known association between obesity with PCa lethality, the underlying mechanistic role of diet/obesity-derived metabolites has only lately been unveiled. Furthermore, the role of lipids as energy source, building blocks, and signaling molecules in cancer cells has now been revisited and expanded in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heavily influenced by the external environment and nutrient availability. Here, we describe how lipids, their enzymes, transporters, and modulators can promote PCa development and progression, and we emphasize the role of lipids in shaping TME. In a therapeutic perspective, we describe the ongoing efforts in targeting lipogenic hubs. Finally, we highlight studies supporting dietary modulation in the adjuvant setting with the purpose of achieving greater efficacy of the standard of care and of synthetic lethality. PCa progression is "a matter of fats", and the more we understand about the role of lipids as key players in this process, the better we can develop approaches to counteract their tumor promoter activity while preserving their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaglia
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yesica Romina Frontini-López
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Raab S, Gadault A, Very N, Decourcelle A, Baldini S, Schulz C, Mortuaire M, Lemaire Q, Hardivillé S, Dehennaut V, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Panasyuk G, Lefebvre T. Dual regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and mTOR pathway in proliferating liver cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5397-5413. [PMID: 34046694 PMCID: PMC11072354 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) participates in many fundamental biological processes, including energy storage and signal transduction, and is overexpressed in many cancer cells. We previously showed in a context of lipogenesis that FASN is protected from degradation by its interaction with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in a nutrient-dependent manner. We and others also reported that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation up-regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway that senses mitogenic signals and nutrient availability to drive cell cycle. Using biochemical and microscopy approaches, we show here that FASN co-localizes with OGT in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the membrane fraction. This interaction occurs in a cell cycle-dependent manner, following the pattern of FASN expression. Moreover, we show that FASN expression depends on OGT upon serum stimulation. The level of FASN also correlates with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatic cell lines, and in livers of obese mice and in a chronically activated insulin and mTOR signaling mouse model (PTEN-null mice). These results indicate that FASN is under a dual control of O-GlcNAcylation and mTOR pathways. In turn, blocking FASN with the small-molecule inhibitor C75 reduces both OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels, and mTOR activation, highlighting a novel reciprocal regulation between these actors. In addition to the role of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis, our findings shed new light on how aberrant activity of FASN and mTOR signaling may promote the emergence of hepatic tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Raab
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Gadault
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Decourcelle
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Steffi Baldini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Schulz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris , 75014, Paris, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
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17
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Ren F, Cao R, Wang Y, Han P, Zhang X, Xu C, Liu X, Xu G. Serum lipid profiling analysis and potential marker discovery for ovarian cancer based on liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114048. [PMID: 33836461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low early diagnosis rate and unclear pathogenesis are the primary reasons for the high mortality of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Lipidomics is a powerful tool for marker discovery and mechanism explanation. Hence, a ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based non-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed to acquire lipid profiling of 153 serum samples including healthy control (HC, n = 50), benign ovarian tumor (BOT, n = 41), and EOC (n = 62) to reveal lipid disturbance, then differential lipids were verified in another sample set including 187 sera. Significant lipid disturbance occurred in BOT and EOC, fatty acid, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine were observed to be increased in BOT and EOC subjects, while phosphatidylcoline, ether phosphatidylcoline (PC-O), ether phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-O), and sphingomyelin significantly decreased. Compared with BOT, PC-Os and PE-Os presented a greater reduction in EOC, and serum ceramide increased only in EOC. Moreover, potential markers consisting of 4 lipids were defined and validated for EOC diagnosis. High areas under the curve (0.854∼0.865 and 0.903∼0.923 for distinguishing EOC and early EOC from non-cancer, respectively) as well as good specificity and sensitivity were obtained. This study not only revealed the characteristics of lipid metabolism in EOC, but also provided a potential marker pattern for aiding EOC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Maternity Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Fang Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Gynecology, The Maternity Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pin Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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19
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Odei-Addo F, Ramlugon S, Levendal RA, Frost CL. Leonotis Leonurus improves the crosstalk between peripheral tissues both in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113609. [PMID: 33242621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Unravelling the anti-diabetic mechanism of action of L. leonurus at adipose, liver, muscle and pancreatic level. AIMS To investigate the mechanism of action of an organic extract of L. leonurus and marrubiin at the gene level in adipose, liver and muscle tissues of an obese rat model and in a co-culture model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for eight weeks, treated with an extract of L. Leonurus, marrubiin, sulfonylurea and aspirin for two weeks and the level of gene expression of selected markers were investigated across different tissues. The effects mediated by the different treatments were investigated in co-culture cell models involving 3T3-L1 (fat), Chang (liver), C2C12 (muscle) and INS-1 (pancreatic) cells under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions. RESULTS L. leonurus extract mediated a significant increase in PPAR gamma, glucokinase, FAS and UCP2 gene expression in adipose tissue, whilst the opposite was observed in the liver. At the muscle level, a significant increase in FAS gene expression was observed relative to the obese control rats. Furthermore, the extract as well as marrubiin, modulated improvements in the adipokine profile. The co-culture models showed that the effect mediated by the extract was dependent on, the tissue type as well as the glycemic conditions. CONCLUSIONS L. Leonurus extract as well as marrubiin exhibit anti-diabetic properties where the mechanism of action is mainly at the adipose tissue level. The increase in expression of the genes of interest mentioned above potentially play a protective role towards the liver and possibly towards the muscle tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Odei-Addo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - S Ramlugon
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - R-A Levendal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - C L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
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20
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Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
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21
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Zaytseva Y. Lipid Metabolism as a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020301. [PMID: 33467532 PMCID: PMC7830794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths according to the World Health Organization, remains a substantial public health problem worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA
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22
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Abstract
Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through the maintenance of fluid volume and composition homeostasis, which enables other organs to fulfil their tasks. The renal endothelium exhibits phenotypic and molecular traits that distinguish it from endothelia of other organs. Moreover, the adult kidney vasculature comprises diverse populations of mostly quiescent, but not metabolically inactive, endothelial cells (ECs) that reside within the kidney glomeruli, cortex and medulla. Each of these populations supports specific functions, for example, in the filtration of blood plasma, the reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes, and the concentration of urine. Transcriptional profiling of these diverse EC populations suggests they have adapted to local microenvironmental conditions (hypoxia, shear stress, hyperosmolarity), enabling them to support kidney functions. Exposure of ECs to microenvironment-derived angiogenic factors affects their metabolism, and sustains kidney development and homeostasis, whereas EC-derived angiocrine factors preserve distinct microenvironment niches. In the context of kidney disease, renal ECs show alteration in their metabolism and phenotype in response to pathological changes in the local microenvironment, further promoting kidney dysfunction. Understanding the diversity and specialization of kidney ECs could provide new avenues for the treatment of kidney diseases and kidney regeneration.
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23
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Valença I, Ferreira AR, Correia M, Kühl S, van Roermund C, Waterham HR, Máximo V, Islinger M, Ribeiro D. Prostate Cancer Proliferation Is Affected by the Subcellular Localization of MCT2 and Accompanied by Significant Peroxisomal Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113152. [PMID: 33121137 PMCID: PMC7693163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fatty acid β-oxidation is a dominant bioenergetic pathway in prostate cancer. It has recently been suggested that the specific targeting of monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) to peroxisomes contributed to an increase in β-oxidation rates and maintenance of the redox balance in prostate cancer cells. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that prostate cancer streamlines peroxisome metabolism by upregulating distinct pathways involved in lipid metabolism. Importantly, we show that the localization of MCT2 at peroxisomes is required for prostate cancer cell proliferation. Our results emphasize the importance of peroxisomes for prostate cancer development and highlight different cellular mechanisms that may be further explored as possible targets for prostate cancer therapy. Abstract Reprogramming of lipid metabolism directly contributes to malignant transformation and progression. The increased uptake of circulating lipids, the transfer of fatty acids from stromal adipocytes to cancer cells, the de novo fatty acid synthesis, and the fatty acid oxidation support the central role of lipids in many cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Fatty acid β-oxidation is the dominant bioenergetic pathway in PCa and recent evidence suggests that PCa takes advantage of the peroxisome transport machinery to target monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) to peroxisomes in order to increase β-oxidation rates and maintain the redox balance. Here we show evidence suggesting that PCa streamlines peroxisome metabolism by upregulating distinct pathways involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, we show that MCT2 is required for PCa cell proliferation and, importantly, that its specific localization at the peroxisomal membranes is essential for this role. Our results highlight the importance of peroxisomes in PCa development and uncover different cellular mechanisms that may be further explored as possible targets for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Valença
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Ana Rita Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Kühl
- Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Carlo van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.R.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Hans R. Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.v.R.); (H.R.W.)
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Markus Islinger
- Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.V.); (A.R.F.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Abstract
The major applications for molecular imaging with PET in clinical practice concern cancer imaging. Undoubtedly, 18F-FDG represents the backbone of nuclear oncology as it remains so far the most widely employed positron emitter compound. The acquired knowledge on cancer features, however, allowed the recognition in the last decades of multiple metabolic or pathogenic pathways within the cancer cells, which stimulated the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. An endless list of PET tracers, substantially covering all hallmarks of cancer, has entered clinical routine or is being investigated in diagnostic trials. Some of them guard significant clinical applications, whereas others mostly bear a huge potential. This chapter summarizes a selected list of non-FDG PET tracers, described based on their introduction into and impact on clinical practice.
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25
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Feng WW, Wilkins O, Bang S, Ung M, Li J, An J, Del Genio C, Canfield K, DiRenzo J, Wells W, Gaur A, Robey RB, Guo JY, Powles RL, Sotiriou C, Pusztai L, Febbraio M, Cheng C, Kinlaw WB, Kurokawa M. CD36-Mediated Metabolic Rewiring of Breast Cancer Cells Promotes Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapies. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3405-3420.e5. [PMID: 31825825 PMCID: PMC6938262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is established that fatty acid (FA) synthesis supports anabolic growth in cancer, the role of exogenous FA uptake remains elusive. Here we show that, during acquisition of resistance to HER2 inhibition, metabolic rewiring of breast cancer cells favors reliance on exogenous FA uptake over de novo FA synthesis. Through cDNA microarray analysis, we identify the FA transporter CD36 as a critical gene upregulated in cells with acquired resistance to the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. Accordingly, resistant cells exhibit increased exogenous FA uptake and metabolic plasticity. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CD36 suppresses the growth of lapatinib-resistant but not lapatinib-sensitive cells in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Cd36 in mammary tissues of MMTV-neu mice significantly attenuates tumorigenesis. In breast cancer patients, CD36 expression increases following anti-HER2 therapy, which correlates with a poor prognosis. Our results define CD36-mediated metabolic rewiring as an essential survival mechanism in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Feng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Owen Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Scott Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jennifer An
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Carmen Del Genio
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kaleigh Canfield
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James DiRenzo
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Wendy Wells
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Arti Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - R Brooks Robey
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA
| | | | - Ryan L Powles
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 05620, USA
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Breast Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 05620, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: From cancer progression to treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101055. [PMID: 32791170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the study of metabolic abnormalities in cancer cells has risen dramatically. Cancer cells can thrive in challenging environments, be it the hypoxic and nutrient-deplete tumor microenvironment or a distant tissue following metastasis. The ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment and adjacent stroma. Adipocytes can be activated by cancer cells to lipolyze their triglyceride stores, delivering secreted fatty acids to cancer cells for uptake through numerous fatty acid transporters. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are also implicated in lipid secretion for cancer cell catabolism and lipid signaling leading to activation of mitogenic and migratory pathways. As these cancer-stromal interactions are exacerbated during tumor progression, fatty acids secreted into the microenvironment can impact infiltrating immune cell function and phenotype. Lipid metabolic abnormalities such as increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipid synthesis can provide survival advantages for the tumor to resist chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments and alleviate cellular stresses involved in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we highlight recent literature that demonstrates how lipids can shape each part of the cancer lifecycle and show that there is significant potential for therapeutic intervention surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Butler LM, Perone Y, Dehairs J, Lupien LE, de Laat V, Talebi A, Loda M, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV. Lipids and cancer: Emerging roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:245-293. [PMID: 32711004 PMCID: PMC7736102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of effective tools to study lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipids are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Lipids function as essential building blocks for membranes, serve as fuel to drive energy-demanding processes and play a key role as signaling molecules and as regulators of numerous cellular functions. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells, as well as other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, exploit various ways to acquire lipids and extensively rewire their metabolism as part of a plastic and context-dependent metabolic reprogramming that is driven by both oncogenic and environmental cues. The resulting changes in the fate and composition of lipids help cancer cells to thrive in a changing microenvironment by supporting key oncogenic functions and cancer hallmarks, including cellular energetics, promoting feedforward oncogenic signaling, resisting oxidative and other stresses, regulating intercellular communication and immune responses. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and the pathogenic process, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential. Multiple preclinical studies illustrate the translational promise of exploiting lipid metabolism in cancer, and critically, have shown context dependent actionable vulnerabilities that can be rationally targeted, particularly in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, lipids themselves can be used as membrane disrupting agents or as key components of nanocarriers of various therapeutics. With a number of preclinical compounds and strategies that are approaching clinical trials, we are at the doorstep of exploiting a hitherto underappreciated hallmark of cancer and promising target in the oncologist's strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 037560, USA
| | - Vincent de Laat
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Loda
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Molecular Docking Reveals the Binding Modes of Anticancer Alkylphospholipids and Lysophosphatidylcholine within the Catalytic Domain of Cytidine Triphosphate: Phosphocholine Cytidyltransferase. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Beheshti M, Manafi-Farid R, Rezaee A, Langsteger W. PET/CT and PET/MRI, Normal Variations, and Artifacts. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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de Almeida LY, Mariano FS, Bastos DC, Cavassani KA, Raphelson J, Mariano VS, Agostini M, Moreira FS, Coletta RD, Mattos-Graner RO, Graner E. The antimetastatic activity of orlistat is accompanied by an antitumoral immune response in mouse melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:321-330. [PMID: 31863126 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-04010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the multifunctional enzyme responsible for endogenous fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers, including melanoma. Our group has previously shown that pharmacological inhibition of FASN with orlistat decreases proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and reduces the metastatic spread of B16-F10 cells in experimental models of melanoma. While most of the orlistat antitumor properties seem to be closely related to direct effects on malignant cells, its impact on the host immune system is still unknown. METHODS The effects of orlistat on the phenotype and activation status of infiltrating leukocytes in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were assessed using a model of spontaneous melanoma metastasis (B16-F10 cells/C57BL/6 mice). Cells from the primary tumors and lymph nodes were mechanically dissociated and immune cells phenotyped by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by qRT-PCR and production of nitrite (NO2-) evaluated in serum samples with the Griess method. RESULTS Orlistat-treated mice exhibited a 25% reduction in the number of mediastinal lymph node metastases (mean 3.96 ± 0.78, 95% CI 3.63-4.28) compared to the controls (mean 5.7 ± 1.72; 95% CI 5.01-6.43). The drug elicited an antitumor immune response against experimental melanomas by increasing maturation of intratumoral dendritic cells (DC), stimulating the expression of cytotoxicity markers in CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as reducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the orlistat-treatment increased serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that orlistat supports an antitumor response against experimental melanomas by increasing CD80/CD81-positive and IL-12-positive DC populations, granzyme b/NKG2D-positive NK populations, and perforin/granzyme b-positive CD8 T lymphocytes as well as reducing Tregs counts within experimental melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Y de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Mariano
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora C Bastos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Janna Raphelson
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Vânia S Mariano
- Department of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Moreira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Mah CY, Nassar ZD, Swinnen JV, Butler LM. Lipogenic effects of androgen signaling in normal and malignant prostate. Asian J Urol 2019; 7:258-270. [PMID: 32742926 PMCID: PMC7385522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent cancer with unique metabolic features compared to many other solid tumors, and typically does not exhibit the “Warburg effect”. During malignant transformation, an early metabolic switch diverts the dependence of normal prostate cells on aerobic glycolysis for the synthesis of and secretion of citrate towards a more energetically favorable metabolic phenotype, whereby citrate is actively oxidised for energy and biosynthetic processes (i.e. de novo lipogenesis). It is now clear that lipid metabolism is one of the key androgen-regulated processes in prostate cells and alterations in lipid metabolism are a hallmark of prostate cancer, whereby increased de novo lipogenesis accompanied by overexpression of lipid metabolic genes are characteristic of primary and advanced disease. Despite recent advances in our understanding of altered lipid metabolism in prostate tumorigenesis and cancer progression, the intermediary metabolism of the normal prostate and its relationship to androgen signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the fundamental metabolic relationships that are distinctive in normal versus malignant prostate tissues, and the role of androgens in the regulation of lipid metabolism at different stages of prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yan Mah
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- KU Leuven- University of Leuven, LKI- Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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32
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Falkenberg KD, Rohlenova K, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. The metabolic engine of endothelial cells. Nat Metab 2019; 1:937-946. [PMID: 32694836 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the quiescent vasculature but can form new blood vessels (a process termed angiogenesis) in disease. Strategies targeting angiogenic growth factors have been clinically developed for the treatment of malignant and ocular diseases. Studies over the past decade have documented that several pathways of central carbon metabolism are necessary for EC homeostasis and growth, and that strategies that stimulate or block EC metabolism can be used to promote or inhibit vessel growth, respectively. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of the growing understanding of central carbon metabolic pathways in ECs and the therapeutic opportunities for targeting EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D Falkenberg
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qindao, Qindao, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lupien LE, Dunkley EM, Maloy MJ, Lehner IB, Foisey MG, Ouellette ME, Lewis LD, Pooler DB, Kinlaw WB, Baures PW. An Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase Thioesterase Domain with Improved Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells and Stability in Plasma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:171-185. [PMID: 31300609 PMCID: PMC7184194 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that many cancers are addicted to a constant supply of fatty acids (FAs) and exhibit brisk de novo FA synthesis. Upregulation of a key lipogenic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is a near-universal feature of human cancers and their precursor lesions, and has been associated with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival. FASN inhibition has been shown to be effective in killing cancer cells, but progress in the field has been hindered by off-target effects and poor pharmaceutical properties of candidate compounds. Our initial hit (compound 1) was identified from a high-throughput screening effort by the Sanford-Burnham Center for Chemical Genomics using purified FASN thioesterase (FASN-TE) domain. Despite being a potent inhibitor of purified FASN-TE, compound 1 proved highly unstable in mouse plasma and only weakly cytotoxic to breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro. An iterative process of synthesis, cytotoxicity testing, and plasma stability assessment was used to identify a new lead (compound 41). This lead is more cytotoxic against multiple BC cell lines than tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid (the literature standard for inhibiting FASN), is stable in mouse plasma, and shows negligible cytotoxic effects against nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. Compound 41 also has drug-like physical properties based on Lipinski's rules and is, therefore, a valuable new lead for targeting fatty acid synthesis to exploit the requirement of tumor cells for fatty acids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: An iterative process of synthesis and biological testing was used to identify a novel thioesterase domain FASN inhibitor that has drug-like properties, is more cytotoxic to breast cancer cells than the widely used tetrahydro-4-methylene-2S-octyl-5-oxo-3R-furancarboxylic acid, and has negligible effects on the growth and proliferation of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Our studies have confirmed the value of using potent and selective FASN inhibitors in the treatment of BC cells and have shown that the availability of exogenous lipoproteins may impact both cancer cell FA metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Lupien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Evan M Dunkley
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Margaret J Maloy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Ian B Lehner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maxwell G Foisey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Maddison E Ouellette
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Darcy Bates Pooler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
| | - Paul W Baures
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center (W.B.K.) and Section of Clinical Pharmacology & The Clinical Pharmacology Shared Resource (L.D.L., D.B.P.), The Geisel School of Medicine (L.E.L., W.B.K.), and Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (L.E.L.), Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire (E.M.D., M.J.M., I.B.L., M.G.F., M.E.O., P.W.B.)
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34
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Singh KB, Kim SH, Hahm ER, Pore SK, Jacobs BL, Singh SV. Prostate cancer chemoprevention by sulforaphane in a preclinical mouse model is associated with inhibition of fatty acid metabolism. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:826-837. [PMID: 29668854 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids is a rather unique and targetable mechanism of human prostate cancer. We have shown previously that oral administration of sulforaphane (SFN) significantly inhibits the incidence and/or burden of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. The present study used cellular models of prostate cancer and archived plasma/adenocarcinoma tissues and sections from the TRAMP study to demonstrate inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by SFN treatment in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of androgen-responsive (LNCaP) and castration-resistant (22Rv1) human prostate cancer cells with SFN (5 and 10 μM) resulted in downregulation of protein and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), but not ATP citrate lyase. Protein and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which facilitates fatty acid uptake by mitochondria for β-oxidation, were also decreased following SFN treatment in both cell lines. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant decrease in expression of FASN and ACC1 proteins in prostate adenocarcinoma sections of SFN-treated TRAMP mice when compared with controls. SFN administration to TRAMP mice resulted in a significant decrease in plasma and/or prostate adenocarcinoma levels of total free fatty acids, total phospholipids, acetyl-CoA and ATP. Consistent with these results, number of neutral lipid droplets was lower in the prostate adenocarcinoma sections of SFN-treated TRAMP mice than in control tumors. Collectively, these observations indicate that prostate cancer chemoprevention by SFN in TRAMP mice is associated with inhibition of fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Subrata K Pore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce L Jacobs
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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35
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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36
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Petrova E, Scholz A, Paul J, Sturz A, Haike K, Siegel F, Mumberg D, Liu N. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors attenuate WNT and Hedgehog signaling and suppress pancreatic tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48660-48670. [PMID: 27750213 PMCID: PMC5564715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, and its ACC1 isoform is overexpressed in pancreatic and various other cancers. The activity of many oncogenic signaling molecules, including WNT and Hedgehog (HH), is post-translationally modified by lipidation. Here, we report that inhibition of ACC by a small molecule inhibitor, BAY ACC002, blocked WNT3A lipidation, secretion, and signaling. In pancreatic cancer cells, where WNT and HH are key oncogenic drivers, ACC inhibition simultaneously suppressed WNT and HH signaling, and led to anti-proliferative effects. Treatment with ACC inhibitors blocked tumor growth and converted the poorly differentiated histological phenotype to epithelial phenotype in multiple cell line-based and patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenograft models. Together, our data highlight the potential utility of ACC inhibitors for pancreatic cancer treatment, and provide novel insight into the link between upregulated de novo fatty acid synthesis in cancer cells, protein lipidation, and oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissaveta Petrova
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany.,Current address: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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37
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Ciribilli Y, Singh P, Inga A, Borlak J. c-Myc targeted regulators of cell metabolism in a transgenic mouse model of papillary lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65514-65539. [PMID: 27602772 PMCID: PMC5323172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc's role in pulmonary cancer metabolism is uncertain. We therefore investigated c-Myc activity in papillary lung adenocarcinomas (PLAC). Genomics revealed 90 significantly regulated genes (> 3-fold) coding for cell growth, DNA metabolism, RNA processing and ribosomal biogenesis and bioinformatics defined c-Myc binding sites (TFBS) at > 95% of up-regulated genes. EMSA assays at 33 novel TFBS evidenced DNA binding activity and ChIP-seq data retrieved from public repositories confirmed these to be c-Myc bound. Dual-luciferase gene reporter assays developed for RNA-Terminal-Phosphate-Cyclase-Like-1(RCL1), Ribosomal-Protein-SA(RPSA), Nucleophosmin/Nucleoplasmin-3(NPM3) and Hexokinase-1(HK1) confirmed c-Myc functional relevance and ChIP assays with HEK293T cells over-expressing ectopic c-Myc demonstrated enriched c-Myc occupancy at predicted TFBS for RCL1, NPM3, HK1 and RPSA. Note, c-Myc recruitment on chromatin was comparable to the positive controls CCND2 and CDK4. Computational analyses defined master regulators (MR), i.e. heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, nucleolin, the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, triosephosphate-isomerase 1, folate transporter (SLC19A1) and nucleophosmin to influence activity of up to 90% of PLAC-regulated genes. Their expression was induced by 3-, 3-, 6-, 3-, 11- and 7-fold, respectively. STRING analysis confirmed protein-protein-interactions of regulated genes and Western immunoblotting of fatty acid synthase, serine hydroxyl-methyltransferase 1, arginine 1 and hexokinase 2 showed tumor specific induction. Published knock down studies confirmed these proteins to induce apoptosis by disrupting neoplastic lipogenesis, by endorsing uracil accumulation and by suppressing arginine metabolism and glucose-derived ribonucleotide biosynthesis. Finally, translational research demonstrated high expression of MR and of 47 PLAC up-regulated genes to be associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients (HR 3.2 p < 0.001) thus, providing a rationale for molecular targeted therapies in PLACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Ciribilli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Prashant Singh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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38
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Grunt TW. Interacting Cancer Machineries: Cell Signaling, Lipid Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:86-98. [PMID: 29203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific perturbations of signaling, metabolism, and epigenetics can be a cause and/or consequence of malignant transformation. Evidence indicates that these regulatory systems interact with each other to form highly flexible and robust cybernetic networks that promote malignant growth and confer treatment resistance. Deciphering these plexuses using holistic approaches known from systems biology can be instructive for the future design of novel anticancer strategies. In this review, I discuss novel findings elucidating the multiple molecular interdependence among cancer-specific signaling, cell metabolism, and epigenetics to provide an insightful understanding of how major cancer machineries interact with each other during cancer development and progression, and how this knowledge may be used for future co-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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39
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Guo J, Niu Y, Shin K, Kwon J, Kim N, Cui X. Fatty acid synthase knockout impairs early embryonic development via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pigs. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4225-4234. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative MedicineHarbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Ying‐Jie Niu
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Tae Shin
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Woo Kwon
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Nam‐Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiang‐Shun Cui
- Department of Animal SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
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40
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Glatzel DK, Koeberle A, Pein H, Löser K, Stark A, Keksel N, Werz O, Müller R, Bischoff I, Fürst R. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 regulates endothelial cell migration by shifting the phospholipid composition. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:298-311. [PMID: 29208696 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism. In recent years, ACC has been recognized as a promising drug target for treating different diseases. However, the role of ACC in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been neglected so far. To characterize the role of ACC, we used the ACC inhibitor, soraphen A, as a chemical tool, and also a gene silencing approach. We found that ACC1 was the predominant isoform in human umbilical vein ECs as well as in human microvascular ECs and that soraphen A reduced the levels of malonyl-CoA. We revealed that ACC inhibition shifted the lipid composition of EC membranes. Accordingly, membrane fluidity, filopodia formation, and migratory capacity were reduced. The antimigratory action of soraphen A depended on an increase in the cellular proportion of PUFAs and, most importantly, on a decreased level of phosphatidylglycerol. Our study provides a causal link between ACC, membrane lipid composition, and cell migration in ECs. Soraphen A represents a useful chemical tool to investigate the role of fatty acid metabolism in ECs and ACC inhibition offers a new and valuable therapeutic perspective for the treatment of EC migration-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Glatzel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Pein
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Löser
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Keksel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Iris Bischoff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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41
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Robinson GA, Waddington KE, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Transcriptional Regulation of T-Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Plasma Membrane Lipid Rafts and T-Cell Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1636. [PMID: 29225604 PMCID: PMC5705553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cholesterol and glycosphingolipids are enriched in the plasma membrane (PM) and form signaling platforms called lipid rafts, essential for T-cell activation and function. Moreover, changes in PM lipid composition affect the biophysical properties of lipid rafts and have a role in defining functional T-cell phenotypes. Here, we review the role of transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism including liver X receptors α/β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, estrogen receptors α/β (ERα/β), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in T-cells. These receptors lie at the interface between lipid metabolism and immune cell function and are endogenously activated by lipids and/or hormones. Importantly, they regulate cellular cholesterol, fatty acid, glycosphingolipid, and phospholipid levels but are also known to modulate a broad spectrum of immune responses. The current evidence supporting a role for lipid metabolism pathways in controlling immune cell activation by influencing PM lipid raft composition in health and disease, and the potential for targeting lipid biosynthesis pathways to control unwanted T-cell activation in autoimmunity is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Robinson
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E. Waddington
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Fatty acid synthase affects expression of ErbB receptors in epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells and invasive ductal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5934-5946. [PMID: 29113229 PMCID: PMC5661422 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of ErbBs during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and its association with the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN). MCF-7-MEK5 cells were used as the experimental model, while MCF-7 cells were used as a control. Tumor cells were implanted into nude mice for in vivo analysis. Cerulenin was used as a FASN inhibitor. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect expression levels of FASN and ErbB1-4. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FASN and ErbB1-4 in 58 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), as well as their association with clinicopathological characteristics. The expression of FASN and ErbB1-4 in MCF-7-MEK5 cells and tumor tissues increased significantly compared with controls (P<0.001). Inhibition of FASN by cerulenin resulted in a significant decrease in expression of ErbB1, 2 and 4 (P<0.001), whereas there was no evident change in ErbB3. In IDC samples, the expression of FASN and ErbB1-4 increased considerably in lymph node metastases compared with non-lymph node metastases (P<0.05). ErbB2 expression increased in advanced clinical stages (II, III and IV) of IDC and in tumors with larger diameters (P<0.05). The expression of ErbB3 increased in ER-positive tumors (P<0.05). Additionally, a positive association between the expression of FASN and ErbB1, 2 and 4 was observed (P<0.05). FASN activates ErbB1, 2 and 4, and their dimers, which are polymerized via the microstructural domain of the cell membrane. This may initiate EMT and consequentlyincrease the invasion and migration of cancer cells. However, ErbB3 may also affect tumor progression via a FASN-independent pathway.
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Multi-level suppression of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 by fatty acid synthase inhibitors is crucial for their efficacy against ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11600-11613. [PMID: 28086243 PMCID: PMC5355289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling and fatty acid synthase (FASN)-regulated lipid biosynthesis harbor numerous drug targets and are molecularly connected. We hypothesize that unraveling the mechanisms of pathway cross-talk will be useful for designing novel co-targeting strategies for ovarian cancer (OC). The impact of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 onto FASN is already well-characterized. However, reverse actions–from FASN towards receptor-PI3K-mTORC1–are still elusive. We show that FASN-blockade impairs receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling at multiple levels. Thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-MS/MS reveals that FASN-inhibitors (C75, G28UCM) augment polyunsaturated fatty acids and diminish signaling lipids diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in OC cells (SKOV3, OVCAR-3, A2780, HOC-7). Western blotting and micropatterning demonstrate that FASN-blockers impair phosphorylation/expression of EGF-receptor/ERBB/HER and decrease GRB2–EGF-receptor recruitment leading to PI3K-AKT suppression. FASN-inhibitors activate stress response-genes HIF-1α-REDD1 (RTP801/DIG2/DDIT4) and AMPKα causing mTORC1- and S6-repression. We conclude that FASN-inhibitor-mediated blockade of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 occurs due to a number of distinct but cooperating processes. Moreover, decrease of PI3K-mTORC1 abolishes cross-repression of MEK-ERK causing ERK activation. Consequently, the MEK-inhibitor selumetinib/AZD6244, in contrast to the PI3K/mTOR-inhibitor dactolisib/NVP-BEZ235, increases growth inhibition when given together with a FASN-blocker. We are the first to provide deep insight on how FASN-inhibition blocks ERBB-PI3K-mTORC1 activity at multiple molecular levels. Moreover, our data encourage therapeutic approaches using FASN-antagonists together with MEK-ERK-inhibitors.
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Kaushik V, Azad N. Anti-Tumorigenic Potential of a Novel Orlistat-AICAR Combination in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3834-3845. [PMID: 28387458 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is reported to be overexpressed in several cancers including PCa, and this has led to clinical cancer treatments that utilize various FASN inhibitors such as the anti-obesity drug, Orlistat. However, pharmacological limitations have impeded the progress in cancer treatments expected thus far with FASN inhibition. In this study, we investigated a novel therapeutic combination to enhance the toxic potential of Orlistat in three different PCa cell-lines (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP). We show that Orlistat and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) (AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] activator) co-treatment induces significant downregulation of two key fatty acid synthesis regulatory proteins (FASN, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [SREBP-1c]) as compared to control and Orlistat alone. Orlistat and AICAR co-treatment induced a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation, and a significant increase in apoptosis in all three PCa cell-lines. Apoptosis induction was preceded by a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production followed by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and activation of pro-apoptotic caspases. We also observed a significant decrease in migration potential and VEGF expression in Orlistat and AICAR co-treated samples in all three PCa cell-lines. Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) negatively affected some of the enhanced anti-cancer effects observed with Orlistat treatment. We conclude that AICAR co-treatment potentiates the anti-proliferative effects of Orlistat at a low dose (100 µM), and this combination has the potential to be a viable and effective therapeutic option in PCa treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3834-3845, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
| | | | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, 23668
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Tian L, Dong SS, Hu J, Yao JJ, Yan PS. The effect of maternal obesity on fatty acid transporter expression and lipid metabolism in the full-term placenta of lean breed swine. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e242-e253. [PMID: 28508539 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of back-fat thickness (BF), at mating of sows, on the maternal and newborn circulating lipids, expression of placental fatty acids (FA) transporters and lipid accumulation in placenta. Full-term placentas were obtained by vaginal delivery from BFI (9-14 mm; n = 37), BFII (15-19 mm; n = 43) and BFIII (20-27 mm; n = 38) sows according to BF at mating, and frozen placental sections were analysed for fat accumulation. Blood samples were collected from the sows of day 105 pregnancy and from cord blood at delivery. mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated with real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that BFII females had significantly increased litter weight and placental efficiency, decreased maternal triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels, decreased maternal IL-6, TNFα and leptin levels compared to BFIII females (p < .05). BFIII sows were associated with significantly decreased newborn TG levels, increased newborn glucose, IL-6 and TNFα levels compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). BFI and BFII females had significantly decreased placental TG, NEFA and cholesterol (CHOL) contents compared to BFIII females (p < .05). Moreover, decreased CD36, FATP1, FABP4, and FABP1 mRNA and protein and FATP4 protein expression, and increased LPL activity were also observed in BFIII group compared with BFII group (p < .05). PPARγ mRNA and protein and lipogenic genes such as SREBP-1c, ACSL1, ACCα, FAS and SCD mRNA expression were downregulated or upregulated, respectively, in the placentas of BFIII sows compared to BFI or BFII sows (p < .05). Overall, this study demonstrated that there is no advantage, in terms of litter live size, litter weight and placental FA transport and metabolism, in performing the mating of sows with BF>19 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S S Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J J Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - P S Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis enhances liver tumorigenesis by increasing antioxidant defence and promoting cell survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14689. [PMID: 28290443 PMCID: PMC5424065 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic pathway of de novo lipogenesis is frequently upregulated in human liver tumours, and its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis. Blocking lipogenesis in cultured liver cancer cells is sufficient to decrease cell viability; however, it is not known whether blocking lipogenesis in vivo can prevent liver tumorigenesis. Herein, we inhibit hepatic lipogenesis in mice by liver-specific knockout of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) genes and treat the mice with the hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Unexpectedly, mice lacking hepatic lipogenesis have a twofold increase in tumour incidence and multiplicity compared to controls. Metabolomics analysis of ACC-deficient liver identifies a marked increase in antioxidants including NADPH and reduced glutathione. Importantly, supplementing primary wild-type hepatocytes with glutathione precursors improves cell survival following DEN treatment to a level indistinguishable from ACC-deficient primary hepatocytes. This study shows that lipogenesis is dispensable for liver tumorigenesis in mice treated with DEN, and identifies an important role for ACC enzymes in redox regulation and cell survival.
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Paschali AN, Nekolla SG, Evangelou K, Cook GJ, Anagnostopoulos CD. One Coin, No Need to Flip: Shared PET Targets in Cancer and Coronary Artery Disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 208:434-445. [PMID: 27897437 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this article are to review the common biologic features of cancer and coronary artery disease assessed with PET tracers, focusing on those already used in the clinic and those with translational potential, and to discuss the current value and expected contribution of PET in diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring. CONCLUSION PET using a wide variety of radiotracers enhances understanding of pathophysiologic changes shared by cancer and coronary artery disease, helps establish an accurate diagnosis, and aids in prognostic assessment and management decisions. It is likely that with the evolution of therapeutic strategies for blocking the development and progression of both diseases and with the introduction of novel, specific ligands in clinical practice, PET will play an ever stronger role in diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Paschali
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stephen G Nekolla
- 2 Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet München, München, Germany
| | | | - Gary J Cook
- 4 PET Imaging Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Constantinos D Anagnostopoulos
- 5 PET/CT Department and MicroPET/CT Unit, Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Effects of fatty acid synthase inhibitors on lymphatic vessels: an in vitro and in vivo study in a melanoma model. J Transl Med 2017; 97:194-206. [PMID: 27918556 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is responsible for the endogenous production of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human cancers including melanomas. Our group has previously shown that the inhibition of FASN with orlistat reduces spontaneous lymphatic metastasis in experimental B16-F10 melanomas, which is a consequence, at least in part, of the reduction of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of pharmacological FASN inhibition on lymphatic vessels by using cell culture and mouse models. The effects of FASN inhibitors cerulenin and orlistat on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC) were evaluated with in vitro models. The lymphatic outgrowth was evaluated by using a murine ex vivo assay. B16-F10 melanomas and surgical wounds were produced in the ears of C57Bl/6 and Balb-C mice, respectively, and their peripheral lymphatic vessels evaluated by fluorescent microlymphangiography. The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor C and D (VEGF-C and -D) by melanoma cells was evaluated by ELISA and conditioned media used to study in vitro lymphangiogenesis. Here, we show that cerulenin and orlistat decrease the viability, proliferation, and migration of HDLEC cells. The volume of lymph node metastases from B16-F10 experimental melanomas was reduced by 39% in orlistat-treated animals as well as the expression of VEGF-C in these tissues. In addition, lymphatic vessels from orlistat-treated mice drained more efficiently the injected FITC-dextran. Orlistat and cerulenin reduced VEGF-C secretion and, increase production of VEGF-D by B16-F10 and SK-Mel-25 melanoma cells. Finally, reduced lymphatic cell extensions, were observed following the treatment with conditioned medium from cerulenin- and orlistat-treated B16-F10 cells. Altogether, our results show that FASN inhibitors have anti-metastatic effects by acting on lymphatic endothelium and melanoma cells regardless the increase of lymphatic permeability promoted by orlistat.
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Normal Uptake of 11C-Acetate in Pancreas, Liver, Spleen, and Suprarenal Gland in PET. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2017:5478068. [PMID: 29090208 PMCID: PMC5635273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5478068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 11C-Acetate is radiotracer being considered an alternative to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Evaluation of 11C-acetate biodistribution in human parenchymal organs is described. METHODS AND MATERIALS 60 consecutive patients referred to 11C-acetate PET CT suspected of renal or prostate cancer relapse with negative results (no recurrent tumor) were included in the study. Acquisition from the base of skull to upper thigh was made 20 min after i.v. injection of 720 MBq of 11C-acetate. The distribution was evaluated by measuring the uptake in pancreas (uncinate process and body separately), liver, spleen, and left suprarenal gland. Clinical data of included patients showed no abnormalities in these organs. RESULTS Biodistributions of 11C-acetate radiotracer were compared in different organs. Standardized uptake values of 11C-acetate were significantly higher in pancreatic parenchyma (SUV mean 6,4) than in liver (SUV mean 3,3), spleen (SUV mean 4,5), or suprarenal gland (SUV mean 2,7) tissues. No significant difference was found between pancreatic head (SUV mean 6,4) and body (SUV mean 5,9) uptake. In case of all aforementioned organs, there were no differences either between both sexes or between formerly diagnosed tumors (renal and prostate). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of 11C-acetate uptake differences in parenchymal organs will allow establishing normal patterns of distribution. High pancreatic uptake may be used in quantitative assessment of organ function in diffuse nonneoplastic pathology.
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Kwee SA, Lim J. Metabolic positron emission tomography imaging of cancer: Pairing lipid metabolism with glycolysis. World J Radiol 2016; 8:851-856. [PMID: 27928466 PMCID: PMC5120244 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i11.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitations of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in detecting some cancers has prompted a longstanding search for other positron emission tomography (PET) tracers to complement the imaging of glycolysis in oncology, with much attention paid to lipogenesis based on observations that the production of various lipid and lipid-containing compounds is increased in most cancers. Radiolabeled analogs of choline and acetate have now been used as oncologic PET probes for over a decade, showing convincingly improved detection sensitivity over FDG for certain cancers. However, neither choline nor acetate have been thoroughly validated as lipogenic biomarkers, and while acetyl-CoA produced from acetate is used in de-novo lipogenesis to synthesize fatty acids, acetate is also consumed by various other synthetic and metabolic pathways, with recent experimental observations challenging the assumption that lipogenesis is its predominant role in all cancers. Since tumors detected by acetate PET are also frequently detected by choline PET, imaging of choline metabolism might serve as an alternative albeit indirect marker of lipogenesis, particularly if the fatty acids produced in cancer cells are mainly destined for membrane synthesis through incorporation into phosphatidylcholines. Aerobic glycolysis may or may not coincide with changes in lipid metabolism, resulting in combinatorial metabolic phenotypes that may have different prognostic or therapeutic implications. Consequently, PET imaging using dual metabolic tracers, in addition to being diagnostically superior to imaging with individual tracers, could eventually play a greater role in supporting precision medicine, as efforts to develop small-molecule metabolic pathway inhibitors are coming to fruition. To prepare for this advent, clinical and translational studies of metabolic PET tracers must go beyond simply estimating tracer diagnostic utility, and aim to uncover potential therapeutic avenues associated with these metabolic alterations.
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