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Mansour E, Abd-Rabou AA, Nassar IF, Elewa SI. Synthesis, Docking and Anticancer Evaluation of New Pyridine-3-Carbonitrile Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1870507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mansour
- Organic Chemistry Dep., Faculty of Women`s for Arts, -Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Safaa I. Elewa
- Organic Chemistry Dep., Faculty of Women`s for Arts, -Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Jadhav CK, Nipate AS, Chate AV, Gill CH. An Organocatalytic Newer Synthetic Approach toward the Access of Dihydropyrido[2,3- d] Pyrimidine in Water: A Perfect Synergy for Eco-compatible Organic Synthesis. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1998156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan K. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Amol S. Nipate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Asha V. Chate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Charansingh H. Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
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3
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Khillare KR, Aher DS, Chavan LD, Shankarwar SG. Cesium salt of 2-molybdo-10-tungstophosphoric acid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of uracil derivatives via a green route. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33980-33989. [PMID: 35497278 PMCID: PMC9042351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid catalyst, cesium salt of 2-molybdo-10-tungstophosphoric acid (Cs2.3H0.7PW10Mo2O40) named as Cs-3, was synthesized by a simple, cheap, clean, and eco-friendly method. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst were studied via FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, ICP-AES, SEM-TEM, and BET techniques. The precursor 2-molybdo-10-tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW10Mo2O40) was easily soluble in water and other polar solvents. Moreover, their cesium salts Cs x H3-x PW10Mo2 with Cs content in the range x = 2.0-2.5 were insoluble in water and other polar solvents. The surface area of the precursor (5.483 m2 g-1) increased after partial proton exchange by Cs+ ions (111.732 m2 g-1), and all samples with x > 1 were resistant to leaching of active components and can be recycled without obvious loss of activity. This catalyst used for the synthesis of uracil derivatives via a green route under solvent free conditions at 70 °C gives higher yield within a shorter reaction time. The catalyst was found to be more active and reusable over nine runs with a negligible loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R Khillare
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431 004 Maharashtra India
| | - Dipak S Aher
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431 004 Maharashtra India
| | - Laxmikant D Chavan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College Aurangabad 431003 Maharashtra India
| | - Sunil G Shankarwar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431 004 Maharashtra India
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4
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Belal A. 3D-Pharmacophore Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Virtual Screening for Discovery of Novel CDK4/6 Selective Inhibitors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021330013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Gholami A, Mokhtary M, Nikpassand M. Glycolic acid‐supported cobalt ferrite‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5‐
b
]quinoline and indenopyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran
| | - Masoud Mokhtary
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran
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6
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Pyrimidine and fused pyrimidine derivatives as promising protein kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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8
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Pratt R, Lakhani HV, Zehra M, Desauguste R, Pillai SS, Sodhi K. Mechanistic Insight of Na/K-ATPase Signaling and HO-1 into Models of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010087. [PMID: 31877680 PMCID: PMC6982200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted pathophysiological condition that has been associated with lipid accumulation, adipocyte dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and an altered metabolic profile. Redox imbalance and excessive release of inflammatory mediators have been intricately linked in obesity-associated phenotypes. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of redox signaling pathways and molecular targets exacerbating oxidative stress is crucial in improving health outcomes. The activation of Na/K-ATPase/Src signaling, and its downstream pathways, by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been recently implicated in obesity and subsequent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which causes further production of ROS creating an oxidant amplification loop. Apart from that, numerous studies have also characterized antioxidant properties of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is suppressed in an obese state. The induction of HO-1 restores cellular redox processes, which contributes to inhibition of the toxic milieu. The novelty of these independent mechanisms presents a unique opportunity to unravel their potential as molecular targets for redox regulation in obesity and NASH. The attenuation of oxidative stress, by understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and associated mediators, with a targeted treatment modality may provide for improved therapeutic options to combat clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704; Fax: +1-(914)-347-4956
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Mirhosseini-Eshkevari B, Esnaashari M, Ghasemzadeh MA. Novel Brönsted Acidic Ionic Liquids Confined in UiO-66 Nanocages for the Synthesis of Dihydropyrido[2,3- d]Pyrimidine Derivatives under Solvent-Free Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10548-10557. [PMID: 31460153 PMCID: PMC6648245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effective and simple one-pot, three-component protocol for the synthesis of dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives is presented using a triethylenediamine or imidazole Brönsted acidic, ionic-liquid-supported Zr metal-organic framework (TEDA/IMIZ-BAIL@UiO-66) as a green, novel, and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions. The multicomponent reactions of 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil, various aromatic aldehydes, and acetyl acetone were conducted under solvent-free conditions so that dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives can be obtained. It is possible to separate and purify the respective products easily using crystallization. We can recycle the catalysts six times without losing any major activity. Also, the characterization of the catalyst was done by energy-dispersive X-ray, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Mirhosseini-Eshkevari
- Department
of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic
Azad University, P.O. Box 1913674711, Tehran, I. R. Iran
- Department
of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 37491-13191, Qom, I. R. Iran
| | - Manzarbanoo Esnaashari
- Department
of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic
Azad University, P.O. Box 1913674711, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 37491-13191, Qom, I. R. Iran
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Métivier JP, Cuissart B, Bureau R, Lepailleur A. The Pharmacophore Network: A Computational Method for Exploring Structure–Activity Relationships from a Large Chemical Data Set. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3551-3564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Métivier
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
- Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Cuissart
- Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alban Lepailleur
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
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11
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Effects of Src kinase inhibition on expression of pro-caspase-2 after brain hypoxia in a piglet animal model. Neuroreport 2018; 28:770-773. [PMID: 28658050 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-2 has features of both initiator and effector caspases. Previously, we have shown that brain hypoxia-induced production of caspases 1, 3, 8, and 9 is Src kinase mediated, a nonreceptor intracellular family of kinases. The present study tests the hypothesis that hypoxia results in increased expression of caspase-2 and this effect is mediated by Src kinase. Two to three days old newborn piglets were subjected to normoxia, hypoxia (Hx, FiO2 7%), and Src kinase inhibition (using PP2, 1 mg/kg, intravenous), followed by 30 min of acute hypoxia (Hx+PP2). ATP and phosphocreatine were determined biochemically to verify energy molecule depletion in the hypoxic groups. The cytosolic brain function was isolated and a western blot analysis was carried out using an antibody specific for the caspase-2. The immune-complex band density was expressed as OD/mm. Caspase-2 expression was increased two-fold in the Hx group. After Src kinase inhibition followed by hypoxia, caspase-2 expression was similar to normoxia levels. We conclude that hypoxia results in increased expression of caspase-2 protein in the cytosolic fraction of the cerebral cortex of the newborn piglets. This increase is mediated by Src kinase.
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12
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Szafran AT, Stephan C, Bolt M, Mancini MG, Marcelli M, Mancini MA. High-Content Screening Identifies Src Family Kinases as Potential Regulators of AR-V7 Expression and Androgen-Independent Cell Growth. Prostate 2017; 77:82-93. [PMID: 27699828 PMCID: PMC5956900 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AR-V7 is an androgen receptor (AR) splice variant that lacks the ligand-binding domain and is isolated from prostate cancer cell lines. Increased expression of AR-V7 is associated with the transition from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to more advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Due to the loss of the ligand-binding domain, AR-V7 is not responsive to traditional AR-targeted therapies, and the mechanisms that regulate AR-V7 are still incompletely understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore existing classes of small molecules that may regulate AR-V7 expression and intracellular localization and their potential therapeutic role in CRPC. METHODS We used AR high-content analysis (AR-HCA) to characterize the effects of a focused library of well-characterized clinical compounds on AR-V7 expression at the single-cell level in PC3 prostate cancer cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AR-V7 (GFP-AR-V7:PC3). In parallel, an orthogonal AR-HCA screen of a small interfering (si)RNA library targeting 635 protein kinases was performed in GFP-AR-V7:PC3. The effect of the Src-Abl inhibitor PD 180970 was further characterized using cell-proliferation assays, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis in multiple hormone-sensitive and CRPC cell lines. RESULTS Compounds that tended to target Akt, Abl, and Src family kinases (SFKs) decreased overall AR-V7 expression, nuclear translocation, absolute nuclear level, and/or altered nuclear distribution. We identified 20 protein kinases that, when knocked down, either decreased nuclear GFP-AR-V7 levels or altered AR-V7 nuclear distribution, a set that included the SFKs Src and Fyn. The Src-Abl dual kinase inhibitor PD180970 decreased expression of AR-V7 by greater than 46% and decreased ligand-independent transcription of AR target genes in the 22RV1 human prostate carcinoma cell line. Further, PD180970 inhibited androgen-independent cell proliferation in endogenous-AR-V7-expressing prostate cancer cell lines and also overcame bicalutamide resistance observed in the 22RV1 cell line. CONCLUSIONS SFKs, especially Src and Fyn, may be important upstream regulators of AR-V7 expression and represent promising targets in a subset of CRPCs expressing high levels of AR-V7. Prostate 77:82-93, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Szafran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Cliff Stephan
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center Institute for Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Maureen G. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Marco Marcelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 701304
| | - Michael A. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 701304
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Srikanthan K, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. The Role of Na/K-ATPase Signaling in Oxidative Stress Related to Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091172. [PMID: 27598118 PMCID: PMC5642908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Na/K-ATPase has been extensively studied for its ion pumping function, but, in the past several decades, has been identified as a scaffolding and signaling protein. Initially it was found that cardiotonic steroids (CTS) mediate signal transduction through the Na/K-ATPase and result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are also capable of initiating the signal cascade. However, in recent years, this Na/K-ATPase/ROS amplification loop has demonstrated significance in oxidative stress related disease states, including obesity, atherosclerosis, heart failure, uremic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. The discovery of this novel oxidative stress signaling pathway, holds significant therapeutic potential for the aforementioned conditions and others that are rooted in ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Srikanthan
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
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Quiroga J, Romo PE, Ortiz A, Isaza JH, Insuasty B, Abonia R, Nogueras M, Cobo J. Synthesis, structures, electrochemical studies and antioxidant activity of 5-aryl-4-oxo-3,4,5,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ntie-Kang F, Simoben CV, Karaman B, Ngwa VF, Judson PN, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. Pharmacophore modeling and in silico toxicity assessment of potential anticancer agents from African medicinal plants. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2137-54. [PMID: 27445461 PMCID: PMC4938243 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling has been employed in the search for lead compounds of chemotherapy to fight cancer. In this study, pharmacophore models have been generated and validated for use in virtual screening protocols for eight known anticancer drug targets, including tyrosine kinase, protein kinase B β, cyclin-dependent kinase, protein farnesyltransferase, human protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Pharmacophore models were validated through receiver operating characteristic and Güner–Henry scoring methods, indicating that several of the models generated could be useful for the identification of potential anticancer agents from natural product databases. The validated pharmacophore models were used as three-dimensional search queries for virtual screening of the newly developed AfroCancer database (~400 compounds from African medicinal plants), along with the Naturally Occurring Plant-based Anticancer Compound-Activity-Target dataset (comprising ~1,500 published naturally occurring plant-based compounds from around the world). Additionally, an in silico assessment of toxicity of the two datasets was carried out by the use of 88 toxicity end points predicted by the Lhasa’s expert knowledge-based system (Derek), showing that only an insignificant proportion of the promising anticancer agents would be likely showing high toxicity profiles. A diversity study of the two datasets, carried out using the analysis of principal components from the most important physicochemical properties often used to access drug-likeness of compound datasets, showed that the two datasets do not occupy the same chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad Veranso Simoben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Berin Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Valery Fuh Ngwa
- Interuniversity Institute For Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Malki A, Mohsen M, Aziz H, Rizk O, Shaban O, El-Sayed M, Sherif ZA, Ashour H. New 3-Cyano-2-Substituted Pyridines Induce Apoptosis in MCF 7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020230. [PMID: 26901182 PMCID: PMC6274259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of new 3-cyano-2-substituted pyridines bearing various pharmacophores and functionalities at position 2 is described. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-cancer activities on five cancer cell lines using 5-FU as reference compound. The results revealed that the benzohydrazide derivative 9a induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 2 μM and it showed lower cytotoxicity on MCF-12a normal breast epithelial cells. Additionally, 9a induced apoptotic morphological changes and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 in a dose and time-dependent manner according to an enzyme linked immunosorbent apoptosis assay which is further confirmed by a TUNEL assay. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that 9a arrested MCF-7 cells in the G1 phase, which was further confirmed by increased expression of p21 and p27 and reduced expression of CDK2 and CDK4. Western blot data revealed significant upregulation of the expression of p53, Bax, caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2, Mdm-2 and Akt. Additionally, 9a increased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm which provokes the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while it showed no significant change on the expression of the death receptor proteins procaspase-8, caspase-8 and FAS. Furthermore, 9a reduced the expression of phospho AKT and β-catenin in dose dependent manner while inhibiting the expression of migration-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our findings suggest that compound 9a could be considered as a lead structure for further development of more potent apoptosis inducing agents with anti-metastatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Malki
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mona Mohsen
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hassan Aziz
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Ola Rizk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt.
| | - Omima Shaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Zaki A Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Hayam Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Dommaraju Y, Bora S, Prajapati D. A facile approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives via a three-component domino reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9181-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been accomplished for the first-time by a three-component reaction involving alkylsulfonyl acetonitrile, an aromatic aldehyde, and 6-aminouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Dommaraju
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Shruti Bora
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Dipak Prajapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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18
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The Role of Src Kinase in the Caspase-1 Pathway After Hypoxia in the Brain of Newborn Piglets. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2118-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Synthesis and evaluation of c-Src kinase inhibitory activity of pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2014; 53:75-82. [PMID: 24632506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Elansary AK, Moneer AA, Kadry HH, Gedawy EM. Synthesis and Antitumour Activity of Certain Pyrido[2,3-d] Pyrimidine and 1,8-naphthyridine Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13910886393992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to establish new candidates with improved anticancer activity, we report here the synthesis of various series of 2,4,5,7-tetrasubstituted pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines and their related isosteres substituted 1,8-naphthyridines. The cytotoxic activity of the newly synthesised compounds against human breast cancer cell line, MCF7 was investigated. Most of the tested compounds exploited potent to moderate growth inhibitory activity, in particular 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4-amine exhibited superior potency to the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.5 and 8.48 μM respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf K. Elansary
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Moneer
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Kadry
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Gedawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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21
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Sakkiah S, Arullaperumal V, Hwang S, Lee KW. Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and Bayesian approaches to identify c-Src inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:69-80. [PMID: 23432516 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.753881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Cellular Src (c-Src) kinases play a critical role in cell adhesion, proliferation, angiogenesis and cancer. Ligand-based pharmacophore models, used to identify the critical chemical features of c-Src inhibitors, were generated and validated by training, test and decoy sets, respectively. Best pharmacophore model, Hypo1, consists of four features such as HBA, HBD, Hy-Ar and RA. Hypo1 was used in virtual screening of the chemical databases such as Maybridge, Chembridge and NCI. The sorted compounds by Hypo1 were further reduced by applying drug-like properties and ADMET. Totally, 85 compounds which showed the good drug-like properties were selected from three databases and subjected to molecular docking for refinement of the retrieved hits by analysing the suitable orientation of the compounds in the active site of c-Src. Finally, 18 compounds were selected based on consensus scoring and hydrogen bond interactions with critical amino acids such as Met341, Thr338, Glu339 or Asp404. In addition, the Bayesian model was generated from the training set to find suitable fragments for inhibition of the c-Src function. Based on the above finding, we suggested that the Hypo1 and the good fragments from the Bayesian model will be helpful to select the compounds from various databases to identify the novel and potent c-Src inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU) , Jinju , Republic of Korea
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22
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Gushwa NN, Kang S, Chen J, Taunton J. Selective targeting of distinct active site nucleophiles by irreversible SRC-family kinase inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [PMID: 23190395 DOI: 10.1021/ja310659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in human physiology and disease, and several drugs that target members of this family are in clinical use. None of these drugs appear to discriminate among closely related kinases. However, assessing their selectivity toward endogenous kinases in living cells remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the design of two Src-directed chemical probes, each consisting of a nucleoside scaffold with a 5'-electrophile. A 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoate (1) reacts with the conserved catalytic lysine (Lys295) and shows little discrimination among related kinases. By contrast, a 5'-vinylsulfonate (2) reacts with a poorly conserved, proximal cysteine (Cys277) found in three Src-family and six unrelated kinases. Both 1 and 2 bear an alkyne tag and efficiently label their respective endogenous kinase targets in intact cells. Using 1 as a competitive probe, we determined the extent to which ponatinib, a clinical Bcr-Abl inhibitor, targets Src-family kinases. Remarkably, while ponatinib had little effect on endogenous Fyn or Src, it potently blocked the critical T-cell kinase, Lck. Probes 1 and 2 thus enable competitive profiling versus distinct kinase subsets in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan N Gushwa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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23
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Yan A, Hu X, Wang K, Sun J. Discriminating of ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitors and decoys using self-organizing map and support vector machine. Mol Divers 2012; 17:75-83. [PMID: 23117252 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A data set containing 686 Src kinase inhibitors and 1,941 Src kinase non-binding decoys was collected and used to build two classification models to distinguish inhibitors from decoys. The data set was randomly split into a training set (458 inhibitors and 972 decoys) and a test set (228 inhibitors and 969 decoys). Each molecule was represented by five global molecular descriptors and 18 2D property autocorrelation descriptors calculated using the program ADRIANA.Code. Two machine learning methods, a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM) and a support vector machine (SVM), were utilized for the training and classification. For the test set, classification accuracy (ACC) of 99.92% and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.98 were achieved for the SOM model; ACC of 99.33% and MCC of 0.98 were obtained for the SVM model. Some molecular properties, such as molecular weight, number of atoms in a molecule, hydrogen bond properties, polarizabilities, electronegativities, and hydrophobicities, were found to be important for the inhibition of Src kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Liang G, Liu Z, Wu J, Cai Y, Li X. Anticancer molecules targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:531-41. [PMID: 22884522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family includes four highly conserved receptor tyrosine kinases: FGFR1-4. Upon ligand binding, FGFRs activate an array of downstream signaling pathways, such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. These FGFR cascades play crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and survival. The combination of knockdown studies and pharmaceutical inhibition in preclinical models demonstrates that FGFRs are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Multiple FGFR inhibitors with various structural skeletons have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Reviews on FGFRs have recently focused on FGFR signaling, pathophysiology, and functions in cancer or other diseases. In this article, we review recent advances in structure-activity relationships (SAR) of FGFR inhibitors, as well as the FGFR-targeting drug design strategies currently employed in targeting deregulated FGFRs by antibodies and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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25
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Xu R, Liu D, Cowburn D. Abl kinase constructs expressed in bacteria: facilitation of structural and functional studies including segmental labeling by expressed protein ligation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1878-85. [PMID: 22592215 PMCID: PMC3586340 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A great portion of tyrosine kinases are involved in cell development and their structural alteration is intimately involved in associated pathologies of development and oncology. These kinases are one of the major groups of targets under investigation for molecular therapeutics. To carry out biochemical and structural biological studies on these kinases, economical production of their purified forms is highly desirable. However over-expressing tyrosine kinases as recombinant forms in bacterial systems and their purification is a significant challenge. Abelson kinase (Abl) has previously been expressed on a large scale to facilitate X-ray crystallography and NMR structure studies mainly in baculovirus infected insect cells. Even though success has been achieved in expression of soluble tyrosine kinases in E. coli with chaperones to improve correct folding, low expression levels of kinases are intrinsic in such systems because of diversion of resources to produce chaperones. Here we present a straightforward method to express and purify isolated Abl kinase domain and SH3-SH2-kinase multi-domain structures. The expressed Abl protein retains its correct folding and biological function. The yield of soluble protein is in a several mg L(-1) range in minimal media. Furthermore we demonstrate that segmental isotopic labelling using expressed protein ligation can be achieved using bacterial expressed Abl kinase domain constructs, which is especially useful in NMR structure-activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Mutations of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) are among the most frequently detected molecular abnormalities in AML patients. Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) are found in approximately 25% and point mutations within the second tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) in approximately 7% of AML patients. Patients carrying the FLT3-ITD but not the FLT3-TKD mutation have a significantly worse prognosis. Therefore, both FLT3 mutations seem to exert different biologic functions. FLT3-ITD but not FLT3-TKD has been shown to induce robust activation of the STAT5 signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms leading to differential STAT5 activation and show that FLT3-ITD but not FLT3-TKD uses SRC to activate STAT5. Coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments revealed an exclusive interaction between SRC but not other Src family kinases and FLT3-ITD, which is mediated by the SRC SH2 domain. We identified tyrosines 589 and 591 of FLT3-ITD to be essential for SRC binding and subsequent STAT5 activation. Using site-specific Abs, we found that both residues were significantly more strongly phosphorylated in FLT3-ITD compared with FLT3-TKD. SRC inhibition and knock-down blocked STAT5 activation and proliferation induced by FLT3-ITD but not by FLT3-TKD. We conclude that SRC might be a therapeutic target in FLT3-ITD+ AML.
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27
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Src inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic bone disease: rationale and clinical data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 1:1695-1706. [PMID: 22384312 DOI: 10.4155/cli.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase essential for the activation of osteoclasts, the cells that degrade bone. Src also regulates normal cell functions, cancer cell growth and metastasis to organs, including bone where tumor cells induce bone destruction by osteoclasts. Src inhibitors prevent bone destruction and tumor cell growth in animal models of metastatic bone disease, and some are being investigated in clinical trials, particularly in patients with prostate cancer, which has high bone metastatic potential. Here, we review how Src regulates osteoclast formation, activation and survival and the results of preclinical and clinical trials of Src inhibitors, which show some promise in inhibiting the effects of tumor cells on the skeleton.
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28
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Kong L, Deng Z, Shen H, Zhang Y. Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 efficiently inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation through down-regulating phospho-Src-Y416 and phospho-EGFR-Y1173. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 348:11-9. [PMID: 21052789 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine (Y) kinases inhibitors have been approved for targeted treatment of cancer. However, their clinical use is limited to some cancers and the mechanism of their action remains unclear. Previous study has indicated that PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTK), efficiently repressed cervical cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. In this regard, our aims are to explore the mechanism of PP2 on cervical cancer cell growth inhibition by investigating the suppressive divergence among PP1, PP2, and a negative control compound PP3. MTT results showed that three compounds had different inhibitory effects on proliferation of two cervical cancer cells, HeLa and SiHa, and PP2 was most efficient in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we found 10 μM PP2 down-regulated pSrc-Y416 (P < 0.05), pEGFR-Y845 (P < 0.05), and -Y1173 (P < 0.05) expression levels, while 10 μM PP1 down-regulated pSrc-Y416 (P < 0.05) and pEGFR-Y845 (P < 0.05), but not pEGFR-Y1173; 10 μM PP3 down-regulated only pEGFR-Y1173 (P < 0.05). PP2 could modulate cell cycle arrest by up-regulating p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) in both HeLa and SiHa cells and down-regulating expression of cyclin A, and cyclin dependent kinase-2, -4 (Cdk-2, -4) in HeLa and of cyclin B and Cdk-2 in SiHa. Our results indicate that Src pathway and EGFR pathway play different roles in the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and PP2 efficiently reduces cervical cancer cell proliferation by reduction of both Src and EGFR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Glauner H, Ruttekolk IR, Hansen K, Steemers B, Chung YD, Becker F, Hannus S, Brock R. Simultaneous detection of intracellular target and off-target binding of small molecule cancer drugs at nanomolar concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:958-70. [PMID: 20590591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In vitro assays that determine activities of drug candidates with isolated targets have only limited predictive value for activities in cellular assays. Poor membrane permeability and off-target binding are major reasons for such discrepancies. However, it still difficult to directly analyse off-target binding at the same time as target binding, on a subcellular level. Here, we present a combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) as a solution to this problem. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The well-established dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor methotrexate and the kinase inhibitors PD173956 and purvalanol B were conjugated via polyethylene glycol linkers with the fluorophore Cy5. The cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of these compounds in single human cancer-derived cells were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, molecular interactions inside the cell with the respective target proteins and off-target binding were detected simultaneously in the nanomolar range by FCCS and FCS, respectively, using cells expressing green fluorescent protein fusion proteins of dihydrofolate reductase and Abelson kinase 1. KEY RESULTS Large differences in the interaction patterns were found for these compounds. For methotrexate-Cy5, drug-target interactions could be detected and dissociation constants determined. In contrast, PD173956-Cy5 showed strong interactions with intracellular high-molecular weight structures, other than its target. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The combination of FCS and FCCS provides a powerful means to assess subcellular pharmacokinetics and dynamics of drug candidates at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Glauner
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Martin MW, Machacek MR. Update on lymphocyte specific kinase inhibitors: a patent survey. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:1573-93. [PMID: 20831362 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2010.517749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Lck (p56(lck) or lymphocyte specific kinase) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers the patents, patent applications and associated publications for small molecule kinase inhibitors of Lck since 2005 and attempts to place them in context from a structural point of view. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will gain an overview of the structural classes and binding modes of Lck inhibitors, the major players in this area and an insight into the current state of the field. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The search for a potent and orally active inhibitor of Lck has been an intense area of research for a number of years. Despite tremendous efforts, the identification of a highly selective and potent Lck inhibitor suitable for use as an immunosuppressive agent remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Martin
- Amgen, Inc., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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31
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Choi HG, Ren P, Adrian F, Sun F, Lee HS, Wang X, Ding Q, Zhang G, Xie Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tuntland T, Warmuth M, Manley PW, Mestan J, Gray NS, Sim T. A type-II kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting the T315I "gatekeeper" mutant of Bcr-Abl. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5439-48. [PMID: 20604564 DOI: 10.1021/jm901808w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The second generation of Bcr-Abl inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib developed to override imatinib resistance are not active against the T315I "gatekeeper" mutation. Here we describe a type-II T315I inhibitor 2 (GNF-7), based upon a 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold which is capable of potently inhibiting wild-type and T315I Bcr-Abl as well as other clinically relevant Bcr-Abl mutants such as G250E, Q252H, Y253H, E255K, E255V, F317L, and M351T in biochemical and cellular assays. In addition, compound 2 displayed significant in vivo efficacy against T315I-Bcr-Abl without appreciable toxicity in a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model using a transformed T315I-Bcr-Abl-Ba/F3 cell line that has a stable luciferase expression. Compound 2 is among the first type-II inhibitors capable of inhibiting T315I to be described and will serve as a valuable lead to design the third generation Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Geun Choi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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32
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Lukevics E, Jansone D, Leite L, Popelis J, Andreeva G, Shestakova I, Domracheva I, Bridane V, Kanepe I. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of phenyl-vinyl derivatives of 4,6,6-trimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carbonitrile. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Antczak C, Veach DR, Ramirez CN, Minchenko MA, Shum D, Calder PA, Frattini MG, Clarkson B, Djaballah H. Structure-activity relationships of 6-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-2-(phenylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones: toward selective Abl inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6872-6. [PMID: 19889540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a series of novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one compounds as potent Abl kinase inhibitors. We evaluate their specificity profile against a panel of human recombinant kinases, as well as their biological profile toward a panel of well-characterized cancer cell lines. Our study reveals that substitutions in the 3- and 4-positions of the phenylamino moiety lead to improved potency and improved selectivity both in target-based and cell-based assays. Altogether, our results provide an insight into the SAR of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones for the development of drug candidates with improved potency and selectivity for the targeted treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Antczak
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY 10065, USA.
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34
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Holtz MS, Bhatia R. Effect of Imatinib Mesylate on Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:237-45. [PMID: 15101707 DOI: 10.1080/1042819031000151905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been greatly enhanced by the development of Imatinib mesylate, a specific inhibitor of the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase. While it is clear that imatinib effectively targets BCR/ABL positive hematopoietic cells, studies examining its effect on primitive hematopoietic progenitors are much more limited. As CML arises in a primitive hematopoietic progenitor cell, it is especially important to understand the effect of imatinib on these cells. Here we review studies investigating the effect of imatinib on the proliferation and viability of primitive and committed hematopoietic progenitors in CML. We describe evidence that BCR/ABL positive progenitors may persist in patients responding to imatinib and discuss problems of resistance to imatinib. Finally we discuss studies evaluating new approaches to overcome resistance of CML progenitor cells to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Holtz
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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35
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Zhang N, Wu B, Boschelli DH, Golas JM, Boschelli F. 4-Anilino-7-pyridyl-3-quinolinecarbonitriles as Src kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5071-4. [PMID: 19632113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-anilino-7-pyridyl-3-quinolinecarbonitriles was prepared as Src kinase inhibitors. A systematic SAR study of substitutions on both the pyridine ring and the 3-quinolinecarbonitrile core established the requirements for optimal activity. The lead compound, 17, showed potent activity in both the Src enzyme assay and cell assays, and demonstrated in vivo anti-tumor activity in a xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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36
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Bikker JA, Brooijmans N, Wissner A, Mansour TS. Kinase Domain Mutations in Cancer: Implications for Small Molecule Drug Design Strategies. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1493-509. [PMID: 19239229 DOI: 10.1021/jm8010542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Bikker
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Natasja Brooijmans
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Allan Wissner
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Tarek S. Mansour
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
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Abstract
Deregulation of kinase activity has emerged as a major mechanism by which cancer cells evade normal physiological constraints on growth and survival. To date, 11 kinase inhibitors have received US Food and Drug Administration approval as cancer treatments, and there are considerable efforts to develop selective small molecule inhibitors for a host of other kinases that are implicated in cancer and other diseases. Herein we discuss the current challenges in the field, such as designing selective inhibitors and developing strategies to overcome resistance mutations. This Review provides a broad overview of some of the approaches currently used to discover and characterize new kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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38
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Synthesis and evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of some triazolo- and 2-pyrazolyl-pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidines. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2008; 58:359-78. [PMID: 19103572 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-008-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New series of 2-hydrazino-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[5,6] pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and its 1,7,8,9-tetrahydrocyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine, 1,7,8,9-tetrahydrocyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,3,4]tetrazolo[4,5-a]pyrimidine, 8,9-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]imidazolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared in order to obtain new compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and low ulcerogenic effect. The compounds possessing potent anti-inflammatory activity were further tested for their analgesic and ulcerogenic activities. Compounds 3-amino-6-(4-aryl)-9-(4-arylmethylene)-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(H)-one (4c), 1-amino-2-methyl-6-(4-aryl)-9-(4-aryl-methylene)-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]imidazolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5(H)-one (6a), 2-amino-5-(4-aryl)-8-(4-arylmethylene)-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(H)-one (9), 2-(3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazol- 1-yl)-5-(4-aryl)-8-(4-arylmethylene)-cyclopenta[5,6]-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(H)-one (10a) and 3-thioxo-6-(4-aryl)-9-(4-arylmethylene)-cyclopenta[5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(H)-one (13) showed significant analgesic effects. Compound 2-(3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazol-1-yl)-5-(4-aryl)-8-(4-arylmethylene)-cyclopenta [5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(H)-one (10a) was evaluated as the lead compound having higher anti-inflammatory activity (82.8%) than ibuprofen (79.5%) and lower ulcerogenic effect.
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39
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Vajpai N, Strauss A, Fendrich G, Cowan-Jacob SW, Manley PW, Grzesiek S, Jahnke W. Solution conformations and dynamics of ABL kinase-inhibitor complexes determined by NMR substantiate the different binding modes of imatinib/nilotinib and dasatinib. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18292-302. [PMID: 18434310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801337200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current structural understanding of kinases is largely based on x-ray crystallographic studies, whereas very little data exist on the conformations and dynamics that kinases adopt in the solution state. ABL kinase is an important drug target in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here, we present the first characterization of ABL kinase in complex with three clinical inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib) by modern solution NMR techniques. Structural and dynamical results were derived from complete backbone resonance assignments, experimental residual dipolar couplings, and (15)N relaxation data. Residual dipolar coupling data on the imatinib and nilotinib complexes show that the activation loop adopts the inactive conformation, whereas the dasatinib complex preserves the active conformation, which does not support contrary predictions based upon molecular modeling. Nanosecond as well as microsecond dynamics can be detected for certain residues in the activation loop in the inactive and active conformation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navratna Vajpai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Zheng X, Resnick RJ, Shalloway D. Apoptosis of estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer and colon cancer cell lines by PTP alpha and src RNAi. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:1999-2007. [PMID: 18183590 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We show that siRNA-mediated suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTP alpha) reduces Src activity 2 to 4-fold in breast, colon and other human cancer cell lines. Src and PTP alpha RNAi induced apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and colon cancer cells, but not in immortalized noncancerous breast cells, ER-positive breast cancer cells or other cancer cell types tested. RNAi of other Src family members (Fyn and Yes) or of PTP1B, a phosphatase previously suggested to be an activator of Src in breast cancer, had no effect. Although further tests with primary tumor tissues are required, the unexpected correlation between ER status and Src/PTP alpha dependence in breast cancer cell lines may be important for planning therapeutic strategies, and the insensitivity of normal breast cells to the RNAi highlights the potential of PTP alpha, which may be easier to target than Src, as a therapeutic target in ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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41
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Jansma A, Zhang Q, Li B, Ding Q, Uno T, Bursulaya B, Liu Y, Furet P, Gray NS, Geierstanger BH. Verification of a Designed Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in a Drug Scaffold by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5875-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm700983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Bommarius B, Maxwell D, Swimm A, Leung S, Corbett A, Bornmann W, Kalman D. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Tir is an SH2/3 ligand that recruits and activates tyrosine kinases required for pedestal formation. Mol Microbiol 2007; 63:1748-68. [PMID: 17367393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) cause intestinal inflammation, severe diarrhoea and mortality, particularly among children in developing nations. Upon attachment to intestinal epithelial cells, EPEC induces actin-filled membrane protrusions called 'pedestals' and disrupts microvilli to form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. EPEC also disrupts epithelial barrier function and causes colitis. Here we have investigated how virulence factors which orchestrate formation of actin pedestals interface with host tyrosine kinases. We show that Tec-family tyrosine kinases localize beneath EPEC and, with Abl-family kinases, comprise a set of redundant host kinases utilized by EPEC to form actin pedestals. We also show that Tir, a virulence factor required for pathogenesis, contains a polyproline region (PPR) that interacts with SH3 domains of redundant kinases, and a phosphorylation site (Y474) that interacts with kinase SH2 domains. These interactions are essential for pedestal formation, and mimic activation of kinases by cellular ligands. Our results suggest that a positive feedback loop exists in which initial phosphorylation of Tir on Y474 by tyrosine kinases causes recruitment of additional redundant kinases via PPR-SH3 interactions and PO(3)-Y474-SH2 interactions, which in turn phosphorylate other Tir molecules as well as proteins that catalyse formation of actin pedestals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Bommarius
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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43
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Sawyer TK. Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Src Kinase for Cancer Therapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2006_010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Verkhivker GM. Computational proteomics of biomolecular interactions in the sequence and structure space of the tyrosine kinome: Deciphering the molecular basis of the kinase inhibitors selectivity. Proteins 2006; 66:912-29. [PMID: 17173284 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting the molecular basis of protein kinases specificity against existing therapeutic agents remains highly challenging and deciphering this complexity presents an important problem in discovery and development of effective cancer drugs. We explore a recently introduced computational approach for in silico profiling of the tyrosine kinases binding specificity with a class of the pyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidine kinase inhibitors. Computational proteomics analysis of the ligand-protein interactions using parallel simulated tempering with an ensemble of the tyrosine kinases crystal structures reveals an important molecular determinant of the kinase specificity. The pyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors are capable of dynamically interacting with both active and inactive forms of the tyrosine kinases, accommodating structurally different kinase conformations with a similar binding affinity. Conformational tolerance of the protein tyrosine kinases binding with the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitors provides the molecular basis for the broad spectrum of potent activities and agrees with the experimental inhibition profiles. The analysis of the pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine sensitivities against a number of clinically relevant ABL kinase mutants suggests an important role of conformational adaptability of multitargeted kinase inhibitors in developing drug resistance mechanisms. The presented computational approach may be useful in complementing proteomics technologies to characterize activity signatures of small molecules against a large number of potential kinase targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady M Verkhivker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0392, USA.
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45
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Serrels A, Macpherson IRJ, Evans TRJ, Lee FY, Clark EA, Sansom OJ, Ashton GH, Frame MC, Brunton VG. Identification of potential biomarkers for measuring inhibition of Src kinase activity in colon cancer cells following treatment with dasatinib. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:3014-22. [PMID: 17148760 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of Src kinase expression have been found in a variety of human epithelial cancers. Most notably in colon cancer, elevated Src expression correlates with malignant potential and is also associated with metastatic disease. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a novel, orally active, multi-targeted kinase inhibitor that targets Src family kinases and is currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of solid tumors. However, the effects of dasatinib on epithelial tumors are not fully understood. We show that concentrations of dasatinib that inhibit Src activity do not inhibit proliferation in 10 of 12 colon cancer cells lines. However, inhibition of integrin-dependent adhesion and migration by dasatinib correlated with inhibition of Src activity, suggesting that dasatinib may have anti-invasive or anti-metastatic activity and antiproliferative activity in epithelial tumors. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we show that inhibition of Src activity in colon cancer cell lines correlates with reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin on specific Src-dependent phosphorylation sites. We have validated the use of phospho-specific antibodies against Src Tyr(419) and paxillin Tyr(118) as biomarkers of dasatinib activity in vivo. Colon carcinoma-bearing mice treated with dasatinib showed a decrease in both phospho-Src Tyr(419) and phospho-paxillin Tyr(118) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which correlated with inhibition of Src activity in the colon tumors. Thus, peripheral blood mononuclear cells may provide a useful surrogate tissue for biomarker studies with dasatinib using inhibition of Src Tyr(419) and paxillin Tyr(118) phosphorylation as read-outs of Src activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Serrels
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Boyce BF, Xing L, Yao Z, Yamashita T, Shakespeare WC, Wang Y, Metcalf CA, Sundaramoorthi R, Dalgarno DC, Iuliucci JD, Sawyer TK. SRC inhibitors in metastatic bone disease. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6291s-6295s. [PMID: 17062716 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Src tyrosine kinase was the first gene product shown to have an essential function in bone using recombinant DNA technology after its expression was knocked out in mice approximately 15 years ago. Since then, our understanding of the regulation of bone catabolism has advanced significantly with the identification of other key enzymes that regulate osteoclast formation, activation, and survival after their knockout in mice or recognition of mutations in them in humans. This led to the discovery or development of specific inhibitors of some of these key enzymes, including Src, as proof-of-concept lead compounds or potential clinical candidates for the prevention of diseases associated with increased bone resorption, such as osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. Although bisphosphonates have been prescribed with proven and improving efficacy for the prevention of bone loss for >30 years, adverse effects, such as upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and the requirement to take them at least 2 hours before food have limited patient compliance. Thus, with growing knowledge of the pathways regulating osteoclast function and the appreciation that some of these are active also in tumor cells, drug companies have made efforts to identify small-molecular lead compounds for development into new therapeutic agents for the prevention of bone loss with efficacy that matches or supersedes that of bisphosphonates. In this article, we review our current understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate osteoclast formation, activation, and survival with specific reference to the role of Src tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling and highlight in a variety of models of increased bone resorption the effects of Src kinase inhibitors that have been targeted to bone to limit potential adverse effects on other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F Boyce
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Bradley WD, Hernández SE, Settleman J, Koleske AJ. Integrin signaling through Arg activates p190RhoGAP by promoting its binding to p120RasGAP and recruitment to the membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4827-36. [PMID: 16971514 PMCID: PMC1635390 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases RhoA (Rho), Rac1, and Cdc42 are essential effectors of integrin-mediated cell attachment and spreading. Rho activity, which promotes formation of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, is inhibited upon initial cell attachment to allow sampling of the new adhesive environment. The Abl-related gene (Arg) tyrosine kinase mediates adhesion-dependent inhibition of Rho through phosphorylation and activation of the Rho inhibitor p190RhoGAP-A (p190). p190 phosphorylation promotes its binding to p120RasGAP (p120). Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which p120 binding regulates p190 activation after adhesion. We show that p190 requires its p120-binding domain to undergo Arg-dependent activation in vivo. However, p120 binding does not activate p190RhoGAP activity in vitro. Instead, activation of p190 requires recruitment to the cell periphery. Integrin-mediated adhesion promotes relocalization of p190 and p120 to the cell periphery in wild-type fibroblasts, but not in arg(-/-) fibroblasts. A dominant-negative p120 fragment blocks p190:p120 complex formation, prevents activation of p190 by adhesion, and disrupts the adhesion-dependent recruitment of p190 to the cell periphery. Our results demonstrate that integrin signaling through Arg activates p190 by promoting its association with p120, resulting in recruitment of p190 to the cell periphery where it inhibits Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Settleman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Anthony J. Koleske
- *Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, and
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and
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48
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Wu B, Barrios Sosa AC, Boschelli DH, Boschelli F, Honores EE, Golas JM, Powell DW, Wang YD. 7-(Aryl/heteroaryl-2-ylethynyl)-4-phenylamino-3-quinolinecarbonitriles as new Src kinase inhibitors: Addition of water solubilizing groups. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3993-7. [PMID: 16735116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
New 4-phenylamino-3-quinolinecarbonitriles with a 7-ethynyl group substituted by a pyridine, phenyl or thiophene ring containing basic water solubilizing groups were prepared and evaluated as Src kinase inhibitors. Of these new analogs, potent activity was observed with compounds having a (2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino group at C-4, a methoxy or ethoxy group at C-6, and a pyridyl group bearing a dimethylamine or N-methylpiperazine on the ethynyl group at C-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Wu
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Imatinib was developed as the first molecularly targeted therapy to specifically inhibit the BCR-ABL kinase in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Because of the excellent hematologic and cytogenetic responses, imatinib has moved toward first-line treatment for newly diagnosed CML. However, the emergence of resistance to imatinib remains a major problem in the treatment of Ph-positive leukemia. Several mechanisms of imatinib resistance have been identified, including BCR-ABL gene amplification that leads to overexpression of the BCR-ABL protein, point mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain that interfere with imatinib binding, and point mutations outside of the kinase domain that allosterically inhibit imatinib binding to BCR-ABL. The need for alternative or additional treatment for imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL-positive leukemia has guided the way to the design of a second generation of targeted therapies, which has resulted mainly in the development of novel small-molecule inhibitors such as AMN107, dasatinib, NS-187, and ON012380. The major goal of these efforts is to create new compounds that are more potent than imatinib and/or more effective against imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL clones. In this review, we discuss the next generation of BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors for overcoming imatinib resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Allosteric Regulation/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Drug Design
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Gene Amplification/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mutation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuzo Tauchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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50
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Blass BE, Coburn K, Fairweather N, Sabat M, West L. A facile, KF/Al2O3 mediated method for the preparation of functionalized pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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