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Cvek B. The Promiscuity of Disulfiram in Medicinal Research. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1610-1614. [PMID: 38116411 PMCID: PMC10726457 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts to repurpose disulfiram, a drug used in alcohol-aversion therapy for decades, for other diseases suggest the molecule is almost an in vitro panacea: it seems to be effective against various cancers (by multiple mechanisms of action), Alzheimer's disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome, pythiosis, lyme borreliosis, COVID-19, and sepsis. The problem is that the molecule almost does not exist in the body after ingestion and, most importantly, is not the pharmacologically active entity in alcoholic patients, being rather a prodrug. This prodrug is widely and misleadingly used in many in vitro and in vivo experiments regardless of its physiologically reachable concentration or its metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cvek
- Palacky University, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc 771 11, Czech Republic
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2
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Ni X, Ye C, Yu X, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Zheng Q, Chen Z, Wang L, Weng X, Yang C, Liu X. Overcoming the compensatory increase in NRF2 induced by NPL4 inhibition enhances disulfiram/copper-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176110. [PMID: 37838104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, and it appears to be highly susceptible to ferroptosis. Disulfiram, an alcoholism drug, has been shown to have anticancer properties in various studies, including those on RCC. However, the mechanism of the anticancer effect of disulfiram/copper on RCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of disulfiram/copper on RCC treatment using both RCC cells and mouse subcutaneous tumor models. Our findings demonstrate that disulfiram/copper treatment reduced the viability of RCC cells, inhibited their invasion and migration, and disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately leading to oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, disulfiram/copper treatment prolonged the half-life of NRF2 and reduced its degradation, but had no effect on transcription, indicating that the disulfiram/copper-induced increase in NRF2 was not related to transcription. Furthermore, we observed that disulfiram/copper treatment reduced the expression of NPL4, a ubiquitin protein-proteasome system involved in NRF2 degradation, while overexpression of NPL4 reversed NRF2 levels and enhanced disulfiram/copper-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis. These results suggest that overcoming the compensatory increase in NRF2 induced by NPL4 inhibition enhances disulfiram/copper-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in RCC. In addition, our in vivo experiments revealed that disulfiram/copper synergized with sorafenib to inhibit the growth of RCC cells and induce ferroptosis. In conclusion, our study sheds light on a possible mechanism for disulfiram/copper treatment in RCC and provides a potential synergistic strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Ni
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenglin Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanguang Hou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Hanchuan City, 431600, Hanchuan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University Institute of Urologic Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Disulfiram: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030524. [PMID: 36978391 PMCID: PMC10044060 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since disulfiram’s discovery in the 1940s and its FDA approval for alcohol use disorder, other indications have been investigated. This review describes potential clinical applications, associated risks, and challenges. Methods: For this narrative review, a PubMed search was conducted for articles addressing in vivo studies of disulfiram with an emphasis on drug repurposing for the treatment of human diseases. The key search terms were “disulfiram” and “Antabuse”. Animal studies and in vitro studies highlighting important mechanisms and safety issues were also included. Results: In total, 196 sources addressing our research focus spanning 1948–2022 were selected for inclusion. In addition to alcohol use disorder, emerging data support a potential role for disulfiram in the treatment of other addictions (e.g., cocaine), infections (e.g., bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Borrelia burgdorferi, viruses, parasites), inflammatory conditions, neurological diseases, and cancers. The side effects range from minor to life-threatening, with lower doses conveying less risk. Caution in human use is needed due to the considerable inter-subject variability in disulfiram pharmacokinetics. Conclusions: While disulfiram has promise as a “repurposed” agent in human disease, its risk profile is of concern. Animal studies and well-controlled clinical trials are needed to assess its safety and efficacy for non-alcohol-related indications.
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Xie J, Liu J, Zhao M, Li X, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Cao H, Ji M, Chen M, Hou P. Disulfiram/Cu Kills and Sensitizes BRAF-Mutant Thyroid Cancer Cells to BRAF Kinase Inhibitor by ROS-Dependently Relieving Feedback Activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043418. [PMID: 36834830 PMCID: PMC9968072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E, the most common genetic alteration, has become a major therapeutic target in thyroid cancer. Vemurafenib (PLX4032), a specific inhibitor of BRAFV600E kinase, exhibits antitumor activity in patients with BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cancer. However, the clinical benefit of PLX4032 is often limited by short-term response and acquired resistance via heterogeneous feedback mechanisms. Disulfiram (DSF), an alcohol-aversion drug, shows potent antitumor efficacy in a copper (Cu)-dependent way. However, its antitumor activity in thyroid cancer and its effect on cellular response to BRAF kinase inhibitors remain unclear. Antitumor effects of DSF/Cu on BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cancer cells and its effect on the response of these cells to BRAF kinase inhibitor PLX4032 were systematically assessed by a series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. The molecular mechanism underlying the sensitizing effect of DSF/Cu on PLX4032 was explored by Western blot and flow cytometry assays. DSF/Cu exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on the proliferation and colony formation of BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cancer cells than DSF treatment alone. Further studies revealed that DSF/Cu killed thyroid cancer cells by ROS-dependent suppression of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Our data also showed that DSF/Cu strikingly increased the response of BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cancer cells to PLX4032. Mechanistically, DSF/Cu sensitizes BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells to PLX4032 by inhibiting HER3 and AKT in an ROS-dependent way and subsequently relieving feedback activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. This study not only implies potential clinical use of DSF/Cu in cancer therapy but also provides a new therapeutic strategy for BRAFV600E-mutated thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuelei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hongxin Cao
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence:
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Chang MR, Rusanov DA, Arakelyan J, Alshehri M, Asaturova AV, Kireeva GS, Babak MV, Ang WH. Targeting emerging cancer hallmarks by transition metal complexes: Cancer stem cells and tumor microbiome. Part I. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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6
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Liu JP, Cen SY, Xue Z, Wang TX, Gao Y, Zheng J, Zhang C, Hu J, Nie S, Xiong Y, Guan KL, Yuan HX. A Class of Disulfide Compounds Suppresses Ferroptosis by Stabilizing GPX4. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3389-3406. [PMID: 36446024 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been implicated in multiple pathological conditions. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis by eliminating lipid peroxide using glutathione (GSH) as a reductant. In this study, we found Ellman's reagent DTNB and a series of disulfide compounds, including disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug, which protect cells from erastin-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, DTNB or DSF is conjugated to multiple cysteine residues in GPX4 and disrupts GPX4 interaction with HSC70, an adaptor protein for chaperone mediated autophagy, thus preventing GPX4 degradation induced by erastin. In addition, DSF ameliorates concanavalin A induced acute liver injury by suppressing ferroptosis in a mouse model. Our work reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for GPX4 protein stability control. We also discover disulfide compounds as a new class of ferroptosis inhibitors and suggest therapeutic repurposing of DSF in treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Pin Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Si-Yu Cen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zian Xue
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Wang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yun Gao
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Junchi Hu
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Cullgen Inc., 12671 High Bluff Drive, San Diego, California92130, United States
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Hai-Xin Yuan
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China.,Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400016, China
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7
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Rennar GA, Gallinger TL, Mäder P, Lange-Grünweller K, Haeberlein S, Grünweller A, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Disulfiram and dithiocarbamate analogues demonstrate promising antischistosomal effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114641. [PMID: 36027862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with more than 200 million new infections per year. It is caused by parasites of the genus Schistosoma and can lead to death if left untreated. Currently, only two drugs are available to combat schistosomiasis: praziquantel and, to a limited extent, oxamniquine. However, the intensive use of these two drugs leads to an increased probability of the emergence of resistance. Thus, the search for new active substances and their targeted development are mandatory. In this study the substance class of "dithiocarbamates" and their potential as antischistosomal agents is highlighted. These compounds are derived from the basic structure of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide, DSF) and its metabolites. Our compounds revealed promising activity (in vitro) against adults of Schistosoma mansoni, such as the reduction of egg production, pairing stability, vitality, and motility. Moreover, tegument damage as well as gut dilatations or even the death of the parasite were observed. We performed detailed structure-activity relationship studies on both sides of the dithiocarbamate core leading to a library of approximately 300 derivatives (116 derivatives shown here). Starting with 100 μm we improved antischistosomal activity down to 25 μm by substitution of the single bonded sulfur atom for example with different benzyl moieties and integration of the two residues on the nitrogen atom into a cyclic structure like piperazine. Its derivatization at the 4-nitrogen with a sulfonyl group or an acyl group led to the most active derivatives of this study which were active at 10 μm. In light of this SAR study, we identified 17 derivatives that significantly reduced motility and induced several other phenotypes at 25 μm, and importantly five of them have antischistosomal activity also at 10 μm. These derivatives were found to be non-cytotoxic in two human cell lines at 100 μm. Therefore, dithiocarbamates seem to be interesting new candidates for further antischistosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Rennar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom L Gallinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G Grevelding
- BFS, Institute of Parasitology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher, Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Li Z, Ji S, Jiang ML, Xu Y, Zhang CJ. The Regulation and Modification of GSDMD Signaling in Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893912. [PMID: 35774778 PMCID: PMC9237231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) serves as a key executor to trigger pyroptosis and is emerging as an attractive checkpoint in host defense, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and many other systemic diseases. Although canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated classic GSDMD cleavage, GSDMD-NT migration to cell membrane, GSDMD-NT oligomerization, and pore forming have been well recognized, a few unique features of GSDMD in specific condition beyond its classic function, including non-lytic function of GSDMD, the modification and regulating mechanism of GSDMD signaling have also come to great attention and played a crucial role in biological processes and diseases. In the current review, we emphasized the GSDMD protein expression, stabilization, modification, activation, pore formation, and repair during pyroptosis, especially the regulation and modification of GSDMD signaling, such as GSDMD complex in polyubiquitination and non-pyroptosis release of IL-1β, ADP-riboxanation, NINJ1 in pore forming, GSDMD binding protein TRIM21, GSDMD succination, and Regulator-Rag-mTOR-ROS regulation of GSDMD. We also discussed the novel therapeutic strategies of targeting GSDMD and summarized recently identified inhibitors with great prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Translational Medicine Institute of Brain Disorders, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Senlin Ji
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Translational Medicine Institute of Brain Disorders, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Jiang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Translational Medicine Institute of Brain Disorders, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Translational Medicine Institute of Brain Disorders, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Xu, ; Cun-Jin Zhang, ;
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Translational Medicine Institute of Brain Disorders, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Xu, ; Cun-Jin Zhang, ;
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Kao Y, Huang LC, Hsu SY, Huang SM, Hueng DY. The Effect of Disulfiram and Copper on Cellular Viability, ER Stress and ALDH Expression of Human Meningioma Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:887. [PMID: 35453636 PMCID: PMC9025959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors in adults; currently there is no effective chemotherapy for malignant meningiomas. The effect of disulfiram (DSF)/Copper (Cu) on meningiomas remains unclear; (2) Methods: The impact of DSF/Cu on cell viability of meningioma adhesion cells (MgACs) and sphere cells (MgSCs) was assessed via MTS assay. The effects of DSF/Cu on intracellular Cu levels, cell senescence, and apoptosis were analyzed using CopperGreen, C12FDG, and Annexin V assays. Intracellular ALDH isoform expression and canonical pathway expression after DSF/Cu treatment were analyzed using mRNA microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, with further verification through qRT-PCR and immunoblotting; (3) Results: The viability of MgACs and MgSCs were inhibited by DSF/Cu. DSF/Cu increased intracellular Cu levels and cellular senescence. DSF/Cu also induced ER stress in MgACs and activated the PERK/eIF2 pathway for further adaptive response, apoptosis, and autophagy. Finally, DSF/Cu inhibited the expression of different ALDH isoforms in MgACs and MgSCs; (4) Conclusions: DSF/Cu exerts cytotoxic effects against both meningioma cells and stem-like cells and has treatment potential for meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (L.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shao-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei 106243, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (L.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (L.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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10
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Zhang Y, Qi G, Qu X, Wang B, Ma K, Jin Y. Smart Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nano-Prodrug for Disulfiram Toxification In Situ and the Exploration of Lethal Mechanisms in Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:584-592. [PMID: 34971310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) is a clinical antialcoholism drug that has been confirmed to show anticancer bioactivity after chelating with Cu2+. Therefore, how to co-deliver DSF and Cu2+ to tumor tissues and generate a smart response to the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the focus of repurposing DSF for the effective treatment of cancer. Herein, we fabricated facilely a smart nanosystem by coating tannic acid (TA) and Cu2+ network on DSF, denoted as DSF@TA-Cu, which responses well to TME and forms CuET complex in situ. In such a way, besides the chemotherapy effect of CuET, the anticancer efficacy of the resulting nano-prodrug can further be augmented by a continuous Fenton-like reaction. We then tested the cytotoxicity DSF@TA-Cu with normal and cancerous cell lines. Finally, by constructing mitochondria-targeted nanoprobes, we monitored the changes in mitochondrial metabolism and explored the lethal mechanisms in A549 cells. We found that DSF@TA-Cu showed higher toxicity to cancerous cells. By analyzing the fluorescence images and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of mitochondria, we found that the DNA damage and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were closely related to the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although activated related pathways try to counteract the effects of elevation of ROS, excessive ROS inevitably leads to apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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11
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Huang W, Zhang J, Liu S, Hu C, Zhang M, Cheng S, Yu H, Zheng M, Wu J, Lu Y, Zou Q, Cui R. Disulfiram Enhances the Activity of Polymyxin B Against Klebsiella pneumoniae by Inhibiting Lipid A Modification. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:295-306. [PMID: 35115797 PMCID: PMC8802902 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s342641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of antibiotic adjuvants is a complementary strategy to the development of new antibiotics. The essential role of the ArnA dehydrogenase domain (ArnA_DH) in the addition of 4-amino-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) to lipid A makes it a potential target in polymyxin adjuvant design. Purpose This study aimed to identify a dehydrogenase inhibitor that enhances the antibacterial effect of polymyxin B (PB) and to further understand the mechanism of this drug combination. Methods A susceptible K. pneumoniae strain, ATCC13883, was used to screen a dehydrogenase inhibitor library based on 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol(-z-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and chequerboard assays. The protein- and cell-based effects of disulfiram (DSF) on ArnA activity were assessed, and the transcription levels of genes in the arn operon were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). Lipid A was isolated, and a structural analysis was performed. The cell wall function was evaluated through membrane integrity and bacterial viability assays. The in vivo antibacterial activity was evaluated using a mouse pulmonary infection model. Results We screened a dehydrogenase inhibitor library and found that the anti-alcoholism drug DSF significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of PB in vitro and in vivo. The protein-based enzyme activity assay showed that DSF exerted no direct effect on the dehydrogenase activity of ArnA. Treatment with the combination of DSF and PB but not with PB alone decreased both the transcription level of genes in the arn operon and the modification level of lipid A. DSF also strengthened the disruption of the cell membrane integrity of PB. Moreover, the enhanced PB antibacterial activity was effective against clinical PB-resistant strains. Conclusion We identified a new drug combination that can be used to reduce the necessary dosage of PB and overcome PB resistance, and this drug combination has good prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manling Zheng
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Lu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Quanming Zou; Ruiqin Cui, Email ;
| | - Ruiqin Cui
- Bacteriology & Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Targeting NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in drug discovery against infectious diseases and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:693-707. [PMID: 32311017 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenases are oxidoreductase enzymes that play a variety of fundamental functions in the living organisms and have primary roles in pathogen survival and infection processes as well as in cancer development. We review here a sub-set of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in human diseases and the recent advancements in drug development targeting pathogen-associated NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. We focus also on the molecular aspects of the inhibition process listing the structures of the most relevant molecules targeting this enzyme family. Our aim is to review the most impacting findings regarding the discovery of novel inhibitory compounds targeting the selected NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in cancer and infectious diseases.
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13
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Yang B, Shi J. Developing New Cancer Nanomedicines by Repurposing Old Drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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14
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A critical assessment of the potential of pharmacological modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases to treat the diseases of bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173541. [PMID: 32896553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism (CA) decreases bone mass and increases the risk of hip fracture. Alcohol and its main metabolite, acetaldehyde impairs osteoblastogenesis by increasing oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in clearing acetaldehyde from the body. The clinical relevance of ALDH in skeletal function has been established by the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP (rs671) in the ALDH2 gene giving rise to an inactive form of the enzyme (ALDH2*2) that causes increased serum acetaldehyde and osteoporosis in the affected individuals. Subsequent mouse genetics studies have replicated human phenotype in mice and confirmed the non-redundant role of ALDH2 in bone homeostasis. The activity of ALDH2 is amenable to pharmacological modulation. ALDH2 inhibition by disulfiram (DSF) and activation by alda-1 cause reduction and induction of bone formation, respectively. DSF also inhibits peak bone mass accrual in growing rats. On the other hand, DSF showed an anti-osteoclastogenic effect and protected mice from alcohol-induced osteopenia by inhibiting ALDH1a1 in bone marrow monocytes. Besides DSF, there are several classes of ALDH inhibitors with disparate skeletal effects. Alda-1, the ALDH2 activator induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) expression via ALDH2 activation. Alda-1 also restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The scope of structure-activity based studies with ALDH2 and the alda-1-like molecule could lead to the discovery of novel osteoanabolic molecules. This review will critically discuss the molecular mechanism of the ethanol and its principal metabolite, acetaldehyde in the context of ALDH2 in bone cells, and skeletal homeostasis.
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15
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Yang B, Shi J. Developing New Cancer Nanomedicines by Repurposing Old Drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21829-21838. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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16
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Hu JJ, Liu X, Xia S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Ruan J, Luo X, Lou X, Bai Y, Wang J, Hollingsworth LR, Magupalli VG, Zhao L, Luo HR, Kim J, Lieberman J, Wu H. FDA-approved disulfiram inhibits pyroptosis by blocking gasdermin D pore formation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:736-745. [PMID: 32367036 PMCID: PMC7316630 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic sensing of pathogens and damage by myeloid and barrier epithelial cells assembles large complexes called inflammasomes, which activate inflammatory caspases to process cytokines (IL-1β) and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleaved GSDMD forms membrane pores, leading to cytokine release and inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Inhibiting GSDMD is an attractive strategy to curb inflammation. Here we identify disulfiram, a drug for treating alcohol addiction, as an inhibitor of pore formation by GSDMD but not other members of the GSDM family. Disulfiram blocks pyroptosis and cytokine release in cells and lipopolysaccharide-induced septic death in mice. At nanomolar concentration, disulfiram covalently modifies human/mouse Cys191/Cys192 in GSDMD to block pore formation. Disulfiram still allows IL-1β and GSDMD processing, but abrogates pore formation, thereby preventing IL-1β release and pyroptosis. The role of disulfiram in inhibiting GSDMD provides new therapeutic indications for repurposing this safe drug to counteract inflammation, which contributes to many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jacob Hu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Biomolecular Resource Facility, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiwen Lou
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - L Robert Hollingsworth
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Venkat Giri Magupalli
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Matsumura Y, Stiles KM, Reid J, Frenk EZ, Cronin S, Pagovich OE, Crystal RG. Gene Therapy Correction of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:72-82. [PMID: 31649957 PMCID: PMC6804850 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency causes "Asian flush syndrome," presenting as alcohol-induced facial flushing, tachycardia, nausea, and headaches. One of the most common hereditary enzyme deficiencies, it affects 35%-40% of East Asians and 8% of the world population. ALDH2 is the key enzyme in ethanol metabolism; with ethanol challenge, the common ALDH2*2 (E487K) mutation results in accumulation of toxic acetaldehyde. ALDH2*2 heterozygotes have increased risk for upper digestive tract cancers, compounded by smoking and drinking alcohol. We hypothesized that a one-time administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vector expressing the human ALDH2 coding sequence (AAVrh.10hALDH2) would correct the deficiency state. AAVrh.10hALDH2 was administered intravenously to Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2 -/-) and Aldh2 E487K knockin homozygous (Aldh2 E487K+/+) mice. Following acute ethanol ingestion, untreated ALDH2-deficient mice had elevated acetaldehyde levels and performed poorly in behavioral tests. In contrast, treated Aldh2 -/- and Aldh2 E487K+/+ mice had lower serum acetaldehyde levels and improved behavior. Thus, in vivo AAV-mediated ALDH2 therapy may reverse the deficiency state in ALDH2*2 individuals, eliminating the Asian flush syndrome and reducing the risk for associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie M. Stiles
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine Reid
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Z. Frenk
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Cronin
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Odelya E. Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Disulfiram’s anti-cancer activity reflects targeting NPL4, not inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Oncogene 2019; 38:6711-6722. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Pandeya A, Li L, Li Z, Wei Y. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) as a new target for the treatment of infection. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:660-667. [PMID: 31191857 PMCID: PMC6533889 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a previously unknown protein, gasdermin D (GSDMD), as the key effector that leads to pyroptosis and NETosis has created much excitement. Since its initial report in Oct. 2015, more than 200 papers have been published on studies of the structure and mechanism of GSDMD and its homologues. The clear connection between infection and inflammasome activation made GSDMD a promising target for the development of anti-infection treatment. In this mini review, we discuss first the current understanding of the structure and mechanism of GSDMD, focusing on its potential as a druggable target, and then recent efforts in the development of inhibitors to interfere with the pore-forming function of GSDMD and thus alleviate the detrimental effects due to pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA .
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA .
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40536 , USA .
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA .
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20
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Anti-cancer effects of disulfiram in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via autophagic cell death. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203069. [PMID: 30212479 PMCID: PMC6136695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram (DSF), which is used to treat alcohol dependence, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of DSF in HNSCC. METHODS Head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and Hep2) were used to analyze the anti-cancer effects of DSF. The anti-cancer effects of DSF were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS The anti-cancer effects of DSF in HNSCC were found to be copper (Cu) dependent. Specifically, DSF/Cu markedly inhibited HNSCC at a concentration of 1 μM. After DSF/Cu administration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was remarkable starting at 0.5 μM, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of DSF/Cu on HNSCC are mediated through the formation of ROS. The levels of phospho-JNK, phospho-cJun and phospho-p38 were increased after DSF/Cu treatment while levels of phospho-Akt were decreased. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of DSF/Cu on HNSCC cells involve ROS formation and down-regulation of Akt-signaling. Through these molecular mechanisms, DSF ultimately induce the inhibitory effects on HNSCC cell lines mainly through autophagic cell death, not apoptotic cell death. Lastly, we investigated the clinical relevance of DSF/Cu using a HNSCC xenograft animal model, which showed that tumor growth was remarkably decreased by DSF (50 mg/kg injection). CONCLUSION In treating patients with HNSCC, DSF may contribute to improved HNSCC patient's survival. The characteristic anti-cancer effects of DSF on HNSCC may suggest new therapeutic potential for this medication in HNSCC patients.
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Chen Y, Zhu JY, Hong KH, Mikles DC, Georg GI, Goldstein AS, Amory JK, Schönbrunn E. Structural Basis of ALDH1A2 Inhibition by Irreversible and Reversible Small Molecule Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:582-590. [PMID: 29240402 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the ALDH1A subfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases are crucial in regulating retinoic acid (RA) signaling and have received attention as potential drug targets. ALDH1A2 is the primary RA-synthesizing enzyme in mammalian spermatogenesis and is therefore considered a viable drug target for male contraceptive development. However, only a small number of ALDH1A2 inhibitors have been reported, and information on the structure of ALDH1A2 was limited to the NAD-liganded enzyme void of substrate or inhibitors. Herein, we describe the mechanism of action of structurally unrelated reversible and irreversible inhibitors of human ALDH1A2 using direct binding studies and X-ray crystallography. All inhibitors bind to the active sites of tetrameric ALDH1A2. Compound WIN18,446 covalently reacts with the side chain of the catalytic residue Cys320, resulting in a chiral adduct in ( R) configuration. The covalent adduct directly affects the neighboring NAD molecule, which assumes a contracted conformation suboptimal for the dehydrogenase reaction. The reversible inhibitors interact predominantly through direct hydrogen bonding interactions with residues in the vicinity of Cys320 without affecting NAD. Upon interaction with inhibitors, a large flexible loop assumes regular structure, thereby shielding the active site from solvent. The precise knowledge of the binding modes provides a new framework for the rational design of novel inhibitors of ALDH1A2 with improved potency and selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jin-Yi Zhu
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - David C. Mikles
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | | | - John K. Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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Disulfiram-based disulfides as narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1298-1302. [PMID: 29571571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen disulfides derived from disulfiram (Antabuse™) were evaluated as antibacterial agents. Derivatives with hydrocarbon chains of seven and eight carbons in length exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Listeria spp. A comparison of the cytotoxicity and microsomal stability with disulfiram further revealed that the eight carbon chain analog was of lower toxicity to human hepatocytes and has a longer metabolic half-life. In the final analysis, this investigation concluded that the S-octylthio derivative is a more effective growth inhibitor of Gram-positive bacteria than disulfiram and exhibits more favorable cytotoxic and metabolic parameters over disulfiram.
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Skrott Z, Mistrik M, Andersen KK, Friis S, Majera D, Gursky J, Ozdian T, Bartkova J, Turi Z, Moudry P, Kraus M, Michalova M, Vaclavkova J, Dzubak P, Vrobel I, Pouckova P, Sedlacek J, Miklovicova A, Kutt A, Li J, Mattova J, Driessen C, Dou QP, Olsen J, Hajduch M, Cvek B, Deshaies RJ, Bartek J. Alcohol-abuse drug disulfiram targets cancer via p97 segregase adaptor NPL4. Nature 2017; 552:194-199. [PMID: 29211715 PMCID: PMC5730499 DOI: 10.1038/nature25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence is rising and this global challenge is further exacerbated by tumour resistance to available medicines. A promising approach to such unmet need for improved cancer treatment is drug repurposing. Here we highlight the potential for repurposing disulfiram (Antabuse), an old alcohol-aversion drug effective against diverse cancer types in preclinical studies. Our nationwide epidemiological study reveals that patients who continuously used disulfiram have a lower risk of death from cancer compared to those who stopped using the drug at their diagnosis. Moreover, we identify ditiocarb-copper complex as the metabolite of disulfiram responsible for anticancer effects, and provide methods to detect its preferential accumulation in tumours and candidate biomarkers for impact in cells and tissues. Finally, our functional and biophysical analyses reveal the long-sought molecular target of disulfiram’s tumour suppressing effects as NPL4, an adapter of p97/VCP segregase essential for protein turnover involved in multiple regulatory and stress-response cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Skrott
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Søren Friis
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dusana Majera
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gursky
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Ozdian
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsofia Turi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Moudry
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Kraus
- Kantonsspital St Gallen, Department Oncology/Hematology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martina Michalova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vaclavkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Vrobel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Pouckova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Sedlacek
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anne Kutt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jana Mattova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Kantonsspital St Gallen, Department Oncology/Hematology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jørgen Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Cvek
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Buchman CD, Hurley TD. Inhibition of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1/2 Family by Psoralen and Coumarin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2439-2455. [PMID: 28219011 PMCID: PMC5765548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), one of 19 ALDH superfamily members, catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to their respective carboxylic acids. In this study, we further characterized the inhibition of four psoralen and coumarin derivatives toward ALDH2 and compared them to the ALDH2 inhibitor daidzin for selectivity against five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes. Compound 2 (Ki = 19 nM) binds within the aldehyde-binding site of the free enzyme species of ALDH2. Thirty-three structural analogs were examined to develop a stronger SAR profile. Seven compounds maintained or improved upon the selectivity toward one of the five ALDH1/2 isoenzymes, including compound 36, a selective inhibitor for ALDH2 (Ki = 2.4 μM), and compound 32, which was 10-fold selective for ALDH1A1 (Ki = 1.2 μM) versus ALDH1A2. Further medicinal chemistry on the compounds' basic scaffold could enhance the potency and selectivity for ALDH1A1 or ALDH2 and generate chemical probes to examine the unique and overlapping functions of the ALDH1/2 isoenzymes.
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25
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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26
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Viquez OM, Caito SW, McDonald WH, Friedman DB, Valentine WM. Electrophilic adduction of ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate inhibits ubiquitin activation and is accompanied by striatal injury in the rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2310-21. [PMID: 22874009 DOI: 10.1021/tx300198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown ubiquitin activating enzyme E1 to be sensitive to adduction through both Michael addition and SN(2) chemistry in vitro. E1 presents a biologically important putative protein target for adduction due to its role in initiating ubiquitin based protein processing and the involvement of impaired ubiquitin protein processing in two types of familial Parkinson's disease. We tested whether E1 is susceptible to xenobiotic-mediated electrophilic adduction in vivo and explored the potential contribution of E1 adduction to neurodegenerative events in an animal model. N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC) was administered to rats using a protocol that produces covalent cysteine modifications in vivo, and brain E1 protein adducts were characterized and mapped using shotgun LC-MS/MS. E1 activity, global and specific protein expression, and protein carbonyls were used to characterize cellular responses and injury in whole brain and dorsal striatal samples. The data demonstrate that DEDC treatment produced S-(ethylaminocarbonyl) adducts on Cys234 and Cys179 residues of E1 and decreased the levels of activated E1 and total ubiquitinated proteins. Proteomic analysis of whole brain samples identified expression changes for proteins involved in myelin structure, antioxidant response, and catechol metabolism, systems often disrupted in neurodegenerative disease. Our studies also delineated localized injury within the striatum as indicated by decreased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, elevated protein carbonyl content, increased antioxidant enzyme and α-synuclein expression, and enhanced phosphorylation of tau and tyrosine hydroxylase. These data are consistent with E1 having similar susceptibility to adduction in vivo as previously reported in vitro and support further investigation into environmental agent adduction of E1 as a potential contributing factor to neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, this study supports the predictive value of in vitro screens for identifying sensitive protein targets that can be used to guide subsequent in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Viquez
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2561, USA
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27
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Koppaka V, Thompson DC, Chen Y, Ellermann M, Nicolaou KC, Juvonen RO, Petersen D, Deitrich RA, Hurley TD, Vasiliou V. Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors: a comprehensive review of the pharmacology, mechanism of action, substrate specificity, and clinical application. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:520-39. [PMID: 22544865 PMCID: PMC3400832 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) belong to a superfamily of enzymes that play a key role in the metabolism of aldehydes of both endogenous and exogenous derivation. The human ALDH superfamily comprises 19 isozymes that possess important physiological and toxicological functions. The ALDH1A subfamily plays a pivotal role in embryogenesis and development by mediating retinoic acid signaling. ALDH2, as a key enzyme that oxidizes acetaldehyde, is crucial for alcohol metabolism. ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 are lens and corneal crystallins, which are essential elements of the cellular defense mechanism against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage in ocular tissues. Many ALDH isozymes are important in oxidizing reactive aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and thereby help maintain cellular homeostasis. Increased expression and activity of ALDH isozymes have been reported in various human cancers and are associated with cancer relapse. As a direct consequence of their significant physiological and toxicological roles, inhibitors of the ALDH enzymes have been developed to treat human diseases. This review summarizes known ALDH inhibitors, their mechanisms of action, isozyme selectivity, potency, and clinical uses. The purpose of this review is to 1) establish the current status of pharmacological inhibition of the ALDHs, 2) provide a rationale for the continued development of ALDH isozyme-selective inhibitors, and 3) identify the challenges and potential therapeutic rewards associated with the creation of such agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Koppaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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28
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Low Y, Uehara T, Minowa Y, Yamada H, Ohno Y, Urushidani T, Sedykh A, Muratov E, Fourches D, Zhu H, Rusyn I, Tropsha A. Predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity using QSAR and toxicogenomics approaches. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1251-62. [PMID: 21699217 PMCID: PMC4281093 DOI: 10.1021/tx200148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling and toxicogenomics are typically used independently as predictive tools in toxicology. In this study, we evaluated the power of several statistical models for predicting drug hepatotoxicity in rats using different descriptors of drug molecules, namely, their chemical descriptors and toxicogenomics profiles. The records were taken from the Toxicogenomics Project rat liver microarray database containing information on 127 drugs ( http://toxico.nibio.go.jp/datalist.html ). The model end point was hepatotoxicity in the rat following 28 days of continuous exposure, established by liver histopathology and serum chemistry. First, we developed multiple conventional QSAR classification models using a comprehensive set of chemical descriptors and several classification methods (k nearest neighbor, support vector machines, random forests, and distance weighted discrimination). With chemical descriptors alone, external predictivity (correct classification rate, CCR) from 5-fold external cross-validation was 61%. Next, the same classification methods were employed to build models using only toxicogenomics data (24 h after a single exposure) treated as biological descriptors. The optimized models used only 85 selected toxicogenomics descriptors and had CCR as high as 76%. Finally, hybrid models combining both chemical descriptors and transcripts were developed; their CCRs were between 68 and 77%. Although the accuracy of hybrid models did not exceed that of the models based on toxicogenomics data alone, the use of both chemical and biological descriptors enriched the interpretation of the models. In addition to finding 85 transcripts that were predictive and highly relevant to the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury, chemical structural alerts for hepatotoxicity were identified. These results suggest that concurrent exploration of the chemical features and acute treatment-induced changes in transcript levels will both enrich the mechanistic understanding of subchronic liver injury and afford models capable of accurate prediction of hepatotoxicity from chemical structure and short-term assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Low
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Takeki Uehara
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Asagi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Minowa
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Asagi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Asagi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohno
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Urushidani
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Asagi, Osaka, Japan
- Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexander Sedykh
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- A.V. Bogatsky Physical-Chemical Institute NAS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Denis Fourches
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hao Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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29
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Kim YK, Lee JK, Lee JS, Yoon CN, Chang YT. Site-selective labeling at Cys302 of aldehyde dehydrogenase unveils a selective mitochondrial stain. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:2375-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05137g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Wang F, Zhai S, Liu X, Li L, Wu S, Dou QP, Yan B. A novel dithiocarbamate analogue with potentially decreased ALDH inhibition has copper-dependent proteasome-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activity in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 300:87-95. [PMID: 21035945 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates are a class of sulfur-based metal-chelating compounds with various applications in medicine. We reported previously that certain members of dithiocarbamates, such as diethyldithiocarbamate, disulfiram (DSF) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), were able to bind with tumor cellular copper to inhibit tumor growth through the inhibition of proteasome activity and induction of cancer cell apoptosis. Since the DSF is an irreversible inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), its ALDH-inhibitory activity might potentially affect its usefulness as an anti-cancer drug. For the purpose of selecting potent anti-cancer compounds that are not ALDH inhibitors and mapping out preliminary structure-activity relationship trends for these novel compounds, we synthesized a series of PDTC analogues and chose three novel compounds to study their ALDH-inhibitory activity, proteasome-inhibitory activity as well as the cancer cell apoptosis-inducing activity. The results showed that compared to DSF, compound 9 has less ALDH inhibition activity, and the in vitro results also proved the positive effects of 9-Cu in proteasome inhibition and apoptosis induction in breast cancer cells, suggesting that 9 as a lead compound could be developed into a novel proteasome inhibitor anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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31
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Potashman MH, Duggan ME. Covalent Modifiers: An Orthogonal Approach to Drug Design. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1231-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele H. Potashman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mark E. Duggan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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32
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Walgren JL, Mitchell MD, Thompson DC. Role of Metabolism in Drug-Induced Idiosyncratic Hepatotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 35:325-61. [PMID: 15989140 DOI: 10.1080/10408440590935620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rare adverse reactions to drugs that are of unknown etiology, or idiosyncratic reactions, can produce severe medical complications or even death in patients. Current hypotheses suggest that metabolic activation of a drug to a reactive intermediate is a necessary, yet insufficient, step in the generation of an idiosyncratic reaction. We review evidence for this hypothesis with drugs that are associated with hepatotoxicity, one of the most common types of idiosyncratic reactions in humans. We identified 21 drugs that have either been withdrawn from the U.S. market due to hepatotoxicity or have a black box warning for hepatotoxicity. Evidence for the formation of reactive metabolites was found for 5 out of 6 drugs that were withdrawn, and 8 out of 15 drugs that have black box warnings. For the other drugs, either evidence was not available or suitable studies have not been carried out. We also review evidence for reactive intermediate formation from a number of additional drugs that have been associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity but do not have black box warnings. Finally, we consider the potential role that high dosages may play in these adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie L Walgren
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Worldwide Safety Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA
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33
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Chipinda I, Hettick JM, Simoyi RH, Siegel PD. Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate allergenicity: potential haptenation mechanisms. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59:79-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Lowe ED, Gao GY, Johnson LN, Keung WM. Structure of daidzin, a naturally occurring anti-alcohol-addiction agent, in complex with human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4482-7. [PMID: 18613661 DOI: 10.1021/jm800488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ALDH2*2 gene encoding the inactive variant form of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) protects nearly all carriers of this gene from alcoholism. Inhibition of ALDH2 has hence become a possible strategy to treat alcoholism. The natural product 7-O-glucosyl-4'-hydroxyisoflavone (daidzin), isolated from the kudzu vine ( Peruraria lobata), is a specific inhibitor of ALDH2 and suppresses ethanol consumption. Daidzin is the active principle in a herbal remedy for "alcohol addiction" and provides a lead for the design of improved ALDH2. The structure of daidzin/ALDH2 in complex at 2.4 A resolution shows the isoflavone moiety of daidzin binding close to the aldehyde substrate-binding site in a hydrophobic cleft and the glucosyl function binding to a hydrophobic patch immediately outside the isoflavone-binding pocket. These observations provide an explanation for both the specificity and affinity of daidzin (IC50 =80 nM) and the affinity of analogues with different substituents at the glucosyl position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Lowe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, University of Oxford, Rex Richards Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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35
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Marchitti SA, Deitrich RA, Vasiliou V. Neurotoxicity and metabolism of the catecholamine-derived 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59:125-50. [PMID: 17379813 DOI: 10.1124/pr.59.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules formed during the biotransformation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds, including biogenic amines. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compounds are neurotoxic, and it has been recently hypothesized that neurodegenerative disorders may be associated with increased levels of these biogenic aldehydes. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of NAD(P)+ -dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as those derived from catecholamines, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 19 aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in the human genome. Mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases, including Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, type II hyperprolinemia, gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, and pyridoxine-dependent seizures, most of which are characterized by neurological abnormalities. Several pharmaceutical agents and environmental toxins are also known to disrupt or inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase function. It is, therefore, possible to speculate that reduced detoxification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde from impaired or deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase function may be a contributing factor in the suggested neurotoxicity of these compounds. This article presents a comprehensive review of what is currently known of both the neurotoxicity and respective metabolism pathways of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde with an emphasis on the role that aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes play in the detoxification of these two aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satori A Marchitti
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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36
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Erve JC. Chemical toxicology: reactive intermediates and their role in pharmacology and toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 2:923-46. [PMID: 17125409 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.6.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reactive intermediates formed during the metabolism of drugs have been investigated extensively over the past decades. Today, interest in reactive intermediates in drug discovery is focused on minimising bioactivation in hopes of reducing the risk of causing so-called idiosyncratic toxicity. These efforts are justified based on the 'hapten hypothesis', namely, that on binding to protein, reactive intermediates may elicit an immune response to the modified protein, leading to a cascade of events that ultimately manifests as a toxic outcome. However, the pharmacological action of certain drugs depends on reactive intermediates that modify critical amino acid residues of proteins, typically enzymes, thereby altering their activity. Thus, the notion that reactive intermediates are inherently dangerous is unjustified. When a reactive intermediate is necessary for the desired pharmacological effect of a drug, the selectivity it displays towards the target protein is crucial, as off-target binding may produce unwanted toxicities. On the other hand, reactive intermediates may play no role in toxicity. This review provides a balanced perspective, primarily focusing on the proposed role of reactive intermediates in drug toxicity, while also highlighting examples in which they are involved in causing the desired pharmacology. It is hoped that this knowledge can help scientists involved in drug discovery and development in their challenging task of producing safe and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cl Erve
- Wyeth Research, Drug Safety and Metabolism, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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37
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Rossi R, Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Milzani A. Protein S-glutathionylation and platelet anti-aggregating activity of disulfiram. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:608-15. [PMID: 16815310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are central to haemostasis, and reactions in platelets involving sulfhydryl groups play important roles in platelet function. Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in platelet aggregation and glutathione-depleting chemicals inhibit platelet aggregation. The lipophilic drug disulfiram, because of its affinity for sulfhydryl groups, is a highly thiol-reacting agent. As a consequence, GSH and sulfhydryl groups of protein cysteines in human platelets, in analogy to other components of human blood, are a potential target of disulfiram. In the present study, we have shown that exposure of human platelets to disulfiram causes the depletion of platelet GSH and augmentation of mixed disulfides between GSH and protein sulfhydryl groups to form protein-glutathione mixed disulfides (S-glutathionylated proteins). The depletion of platelet GSH and the increase in S-glutathionylated proteins occurred at concentrations of disulfiram that inhibited platelet aggregation, suggesting that protein S-glutathionylation is involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation caused by disulfiram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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38
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Valentine HL, Amarnath K, Amarnath V, Valentine WM. Dietary Copper Enhances the Peripheral Myelinopathy Produced by Oral Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate. Toxicol Sci 2005; 89:485-94. [PMID: 16291825 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxic hazard of a dithiocarbamate is influenced by route of exposure and acid stability of the dithiocarbamate. As an example, oral administration of the acid labile dithiocarbamate N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC) causes a central-peripheral axonopathy thought to result from acid-promoted decomposition to CS2 in the stomach. In contrast, parenteral administration of DEDC, which bypasses the acidic environment of the stomach, causes a primary demyelination that is thought to be mediated through the intact parent dithiocarbamate. The relative acid stability of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) suggests that a significant portion of a dose can be absorbed intact following oral exposure with the potential to produce a primary myelin injury. The present study was performed to characterize the neurotoxicity of PDTC and evaluate the possible role of copper in dithiocarbamate-mediated demyelination. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered PDTC in drinking water and given either a normal- or high-copper diet for 18, 47, or 58 weeks. Examination of peripheral nerve by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the end of exposures revealed primary myelin lesions and axonal degeneration in the PDTC groups, with a significant increase in the severity of several lesions observed for the PDTC, high-copper group relative to the PDTC normal-copper diet. ICP-AES metal analysis determined that the PDTC groups had significantly increased brain copper, and at 58 weeks a significant increase in copper was seen in the sciatic nerve of PDTC high-copper animals relative to PDTC normal-copper diet animals. Although RP-HPLC analysis could not detect globin alkylaminocarbonyl cysteine modifications analogous to those seen with parenteral DEDC, LC/MS/MS identified (pyrrolidin-1-yl carbonyl)cysteine adducts on PDTC-exposed rat globin. These findings are consistent with previous studies supporting the ability of acid-stable dithiocarbamates to mediate myelin injury following oral exposure. The greater severity of lesions associated with dietary copper supplementation and elevated copper levels in nerve also suggests that perturbation of copper homeostasis may contribute to the development of myelin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Valentine
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2561, USA.
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Moon KH, Kim BJ, Song BJ. Inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase by nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6115-20. [PMID: 16242127 PMCID: PMC1350915 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and other toxic lipid aldehydes. Despite many reports about the inhibition of ALDH2 by toxic chemicals, it is unknown whether nitric oxide (NO) can alter the ALDH2 activity in intact cells or in vivo animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NO on ALDH2 activity in H4IIE-C3 rat hepatoma cells. NO donors such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine significantly increased the nitrite concentration while they inhibited the ALDH2 activity. Addition of GSH-ethylester (GSH-EE) completely blocked the GSNO-mediated ALDH2 inhibition and increased nitrite concentration. To directly demonstrate the NO-mediated S-nitrosylation and inactivation, ALDH2 was immunopurified from control or GSNO-treated cells and subjected to immunoblot analysis. The anti-nitrosocysteine antibody recognized the immunopurified ALDH2 only from the GSNO-treated samples. All these results indicate that S-nitrosylation of ALDH2 in intact cells leads to reversible inhibition of ALDH2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byoung J. Song
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 301 594 3113., E-mail address: (B.J. Song)
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Sauna ZE, Shukla S, Ambudkar SV. Disulfiram, an old drug with new potential therapeutic uses for human cancers and fungal infections. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2005; 1:127-34. [PMID: 16880974 DOI: 10.1039/b504392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram, a drug used to treat alcoholism, has recently been indicated to play a primary as well as an adjuvant role in the treatment of many cancers and in the reversal of fungal drug-resistance. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of action of disulfiram and its potential use in the treatment of human cancers and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuben E Sauna
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has gradually replaced classical methods as a major tool in protein sequencing and characterization. However, the sample preparation repertoire has not changed very much; it has just been adjusted to the needs of the new analytical method. In this chapter frequently used in-solution enzymatic digestions and chemical cleavages are reviewed. In addition, some practical recommendations as well as the advantages and shortcomings of the methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin F Medzihradszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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