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Masci D, Puxeddu M, Silvestri R, La Regina G. Metabolic Rewiring in Cancer: Small Molecule Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:2110. [PMID: 38731601 PMCID: PMC11085455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism, such as dysregulation in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis in response to hypoxic and low-nutrient conditions within the tumor microenvironment, are well-recognized hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, understanding the interplay between aerobic glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and glutaminolysis is crucial for developing effective metabolism-based therapies for cancer, particularly in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this regard, the present review explores the complex field of metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and progression, providing insights into the current landscape of small molecule inhibitors targeting tumorigenic metabolic pathways and their implications for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Masci
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela Puxeddu
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.S.)
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Jane EP, Reslink MC, Gatesman TA, Halbert ME, Miller TA, Golbourn BJ, Casillo SM, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Obodo U, Mohanakrishnan D, Dange R, Michealraj A, Brenner C, Agnihotri S, Premkumar DR, Pollack IF. Targeting mitochondrial energetics reverses panobinostat- and marizomib-induced resistance in pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1821-1843. [PMID: 37014128 PMCID: PMC10483615 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated that panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and bortezomib, a proteasomal inhibitor, displayed synergistic therapeutic activity against pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Despite the remarkable initial response to this combination, resistance emerged. Here, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of panobinostat and marizomib, a brain-penetrant proteasomal inhibitor, and the potential for exploitable vulnerabilities associated with acquired resistance. RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to compare the molecular signatures enriched in resistant compared with drug-naïve cells. The levels of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ content, hexokinase activity, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites required for oxidative phosphorylation to meet their bioenergetic needs were analyzed. Here, we report that panobinostat and marizomib significantly depleted ATP and NAD+ content, increased mitochondrial permeability and reactive oxygen species generation, and promoted apoptosis in pediatric and adult glioma cell lines at initial treatment. However, resistant cells exhibited increased levels of TCA cycle metabolites, which required for oxidative phosphorylation to meet their bioenergetic needs. Therefore, we targeted glycolysis and the electron transport chain (ETC) with small molecule inhibitors, which displayed substantial efficacy, suggesting that resistant cell survival is dependent on glycolytic and ETC complexes. To verify these observations in vivo, lonidamine, an inhibitor of glycolysis and mitochondrial function, was chosen. We produced two diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) models, and lonidamine treatment significantly increased median survival in both models, with particularly dramatic effects in panobinostat- and marizomib-resistant cells. These data provide new insights into mechanisms of treatment resistance in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P. Jane
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Matthew C. Reslink
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Taylor A. Gatesman
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Matthew E. Halbert
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Tracy A. Miller
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Brian J. Golbourn
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Casillo
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Udochukwu Obodo
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer MetabolismCity of Hope Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA
| | | | - Riya Dange
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Antony Michealraj
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer MetabolismCity of Hope Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Premkumar
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
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Li H, Xu W, Li F, Zeng R, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao S, Weng J, Li Z, Sun L. Amplification of anticancer efficacy by co-delivery of doxorubicin and lonidamine with extracellular vesicles. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:192-202. [PMID: 34984953 PMCID: PMC8741238 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2023697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is commonly used for the treatment of lung cancer, but strong side effects and low treatment efficacy limit its clinical application. Here, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as natural drug delivery carriers were used to load conventional anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and a chemosensitizer lonidamine (LND). Two types of EVs with different sizes (16k EVs and 120k EVs) were prepared using different centrifugation forces. We found that co-delivery of DOX and LND with both EVs enhanced the cytotoxicity and reduced the dose of the anticancer drug significantly in vitro. Effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs to cancer cells was achieved by direct fusion of EVs with the plasma membrane of cancer cells. On the other hand, DOX and LND inhibited cancer cell proliferation by increasing DNA damage, suppressing ATP production, and accelerating ROS generation synergistically. DOX and LND loaded EVs were also applied to the mouse lung cancer model and exhibited significant anticancer activity. In vivo study showed that smaller EVs exhibited higher anticancer efficiency. In conclusion, the co-delivery of the anticancer drug and the chemosensitizer with EVs may have potential clinical applications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Li
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengdong Branch, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Ru Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianwu Wang
- Xiamen Nuokangde Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Shaojun Zhao
- Xiamen Nuokangde Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Xiamen Nuokangde Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Development of Potent ERα Inhibitors: Effectively Inhibit the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shu X, Chen Y, Yan P, Xiang Y, Shi QY, Yin T, Wang P, Liu LH, Shuai X. Biomimetic nanoparticles for effective mild temperature photothermal therapy and multimodal imaging. J Control Release 2022; 347:270-281. [PMID: 35550912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent heat shock proteins (HSPs) can significantly reduce the tumorigenicity of cancer cells and overcome heat endurance to achieve high-performance mild temperature (≤45 °C) photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein, we designed and constructed 4T1 cancer cell membrane-coated, lonidamine (LN)-loaded and DL-menthol (DLM)-loaded hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBLM@CCM NPs). DLM with mild phase change characteristics served as a plugging agent to avoid early leakage and allow thermally controllable release of LN, which enabled selective intracellular delivery of LN to reduce the HSPs and overcome the heat endurance in PTT by inhibiting the generation of intracellular ATP. The biocompatible PBLM@CCM NPs with good tumor targeting efficiency achieved high-efficiency mild temperature PTT. Meanwhile, PBLM@CCM NPs could allow photoacoustic (PA) imaging and generate heat to promote the phase change of DLM for ultrasound (US) imaging, which is of great value for future clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Qun-Ying Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Tinghui Yin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, Laboratory of Novel Optoacoustic (Ultrasonic) imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Li-Han Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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The Potential of Lonidamine in Combination with Chemotherapy and Physical Therapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113332. [PMID: 33187214 PMCID: PMC7696079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The unique characteristics of tumor energy metabolism (highly dependent on aerobic glycolysis, namely, the Warburg effect) make it an interesting and attractive target for drug discovery. Radio- and chemoresistance are closely associated with the Warburg effect. Lonidamine (LND), as a glycolytic inhibitor, although having low anticancer activity when used alone, exhibits selectivity to various tumors, and its adverse effects do not overlap when combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, LND may be very promising as a sensitizer of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents and physical therapies. This review summarizes the advance of LND in combination with chemotherapy and physical therapy over the past several decades, as well as the promising LND derivative adjudin (ADD). The underlying sensitizing mechanisms were also analyzed and discussed, which may contribute to an improved therapeutic effect in future clinical cancer treatment. Abstract Lonidamine (LND) has the ability to resist spermatogenesis and was first used as an anti-spermatogenic agent. Later, it was found that LND has a degree of anticancer activity. Currently, LND is known to target energy metabolism, mainly involving the inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT), mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), respiratory chain complex I/II, mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore, and hexokinase II (HK-II). However, phase II clinical studies showed that LND alone had a weak therapeutic effect, and the effect was short and reversible. Interestingly, LND does not have the common side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as alopecia and myelosuppression. In addition, LND has selective activity toward various tumors, and its toxic and side effects do not overlap when combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, LND is commonly used as a chemosensitizer to enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapeutic drugs based on its disruption of energy metabolism relating to chemo- or radioresistance. In this review, we summarized the combination treatments of LND with several typical chemotherapeutic drugs and several common physical therapies, such as radiotherapy (RT), hyperthermia (HT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and discussed the underlying mechanisms of action. Meanwhile, the development of novel formulations of LND in recent years and the research progress of LND derivative adjudin (ADD) as an anticancer drug were also discussed.
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Chen X, Shi Y, Li Y, Su S, Wang P, Sun S. Antifungal effects and potential mechanisms of lonidamine in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:109-115. [PMID: 32924656 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1811684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The resistance of Candida albicans (C. albicans) to classical antifungals has been increasing significantly and poses great challenges to clinical treatment. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether the combination of lonidamine (LND) and fluconazole (FLC) have synergistic antifungal activity against C. albicans and to explore the underlying synergistic mechanisms against FLC-resistant C. albicans. METHODS The antifungal effect on resistant planktonic C. albicans and preformed biofilms were performed by broth microdilution assay and XTT reduction assay. The influence on hyphal growth, cellular ROS level, metacaspase activity and drug transporters were investigated by morphogenesis observation, DCFH-DA, FITC-VAD-FMK and rhodamine6G assay, respectively. RESULTS LND in combination with FLC exhibited synergistic antifungal effects against resistant planktonic C. albicans and preformed biofilms of C. albicans in the early stages (performed at 4 h and 8 h). The synergistic mechanisms associated with the inhibition of the hyphal growth and the activation of metacaspase, but were not related to mediate cellular ROS level or drug uptake and efflux in resistant C. albicans. CONCLUSION LND combined with FLC exhibited synergistic antifungal activity against resistant C. albicans, and the synergistic mechanisms were related to anti-biofilms and reduce virulence factors. EXPERT OPINION The emergence of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains poses great challenges to clinical treatment. Drug combination of non-antifungals and fluconazole has attracted a lot of attention to overcome Candida albicans drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiman Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Shan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University , Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Li J, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. TPP-based mitocans: a potent strategy for anticancer drug design. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:858-875. [PMID: 33479681 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems that endanger human health. The number of cancer patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit abnormal metabolism (abnormal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of reactive oxygen species, anti-apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and so on), and specific targeting of these metabolic abnormalities would be a promising drug design direction. These physiological characteristics are closely related to tumorigenesis and development, which are mainly regulated by mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondria have become important anticancer drug targets, attracting much attention in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarize various mitochondrial anticancer drugs developed, especially mitocans based on triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and discuss the advantages of TPP in endowing mitochondrial targeting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Wang
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Bin Fu
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
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Cheng G, Zhang Q, Pan J, Lee Y, Ouari O, Hardy M, Zielonka M, Myers CR, Zielonka J, Weh K, Chang AC, Chen G, Kresty L, Kalyanaraman B, You M. Targeting lonidamine to mitochondria mitigates lung tumorigenesis and brain metastasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2205. [PMID: 31101821 PMCID: PMC6525201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer often has a poor prognosis, with brain metastases a major reason for mortality. We modified lonidamine (LND), an antiglycolytic drug with limited efficacy, to mitochondria-targeted mito-lonidamine (Mito-LND) which is 100-fold more potent. Mito-LND, a tumor-selective inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics in lung cancer cells and mitigates lung cancer cell viability, growth, progression, and metastasis of lung cancer xenografts in mice. Mito-LND blocks lung tumor development and brain metastasis by inhibiting mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin, inactivating AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling, and inducing autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells. Mito-LND causes no toxicity in mice even when administered for eight weeks at 50 times the effective cancer inhibitory dose. Collectively, these findings show that mitochondrial targeting of LND is a promising therapeutic approach for investigating the role of autophagy in mitigating lung cancer development and brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yongik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Charles R Myers
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine Weh
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura Kresty
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Bao H, Zhang Q, Du Y, Zhang C, Xu H, Zhu Z, Yan Z. Apoptosis induction in K562 human myelogenous leukaemia cells is connected to the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling by BHX, a novel pyrazoline derivative. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12433. [PMID: 29341317 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to explore the effects of BHX on human chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS CML cell line K562 cells were treated with BHX. The effects of BHX on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were detected. Subsequently, the caspase, ATP activity, Ca2+ , ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels treated with various concentrations of BHX were analysed. The variation of relevant proteins and genes was detected. Further, toxicity of BHX on peripheral blood cells, bone marrow-nucleated cells (BMNC) and organ index were investigated on mice. RESULTS Results showed that BHX suppressed K562 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest. BHX induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which was associated with downregulation of MMP, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, generation of intracellular ROS and elevation of Ca2+ in K562 cells. In treated cells, ATP levels were decreased, expression of total β-catenin, phosphorylated β-catenin and β-catenin in the nucleus was decreased, and expression of cell cycle-related proteins was decreased. Further analysis revealed that BHX lowered the transcriptional level of β-catenin. Lastly, BHX treatment significantly reduced the number of white blood cells, but had no effect on BMNC and organ index. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further insight into the potential use of BHX as an anti-cancer agent against human leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmei Bao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibo Du
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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pH-sensitive micelles for the intracellular co-delivery of curcumin and Pluronic L61 unimers for synergistic reversal effect of multidrug resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42465. [PMID: 28195164 PMCID: PMC5307950 DOI: 10.1038/srep42465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluronic L61 unimers, which are biomacromolecular modulators, and curcumin, a small-molecule modulator, were co-formulated into pH-sensitive micelles to reveal the full synergistic potential of combination drug treatments to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Compared to monotherapy, combined therapy significantly improved the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and apoptotic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) against MCF-7/ADR cells. In mechanistic studies, both L61 and curcumin enhanced the cytotoxic effect by acting on mitochondrial signalling pathways. The compounds selectively accumulated in the mitochondria and disabled the mitochondria by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreasing the ATP levels, and releasing cytochrome c, which initiated a cascade of caspase-9 and caspase-3 reactions. Furthermore, both curcumin and L61 down-regulated the expression and function of P-gp in response to drug efflux from the MCF-7/ADR cells. In the MCF-7/ADR tumour-bearing mouse model, intravenous administration of the combined therapy directly targeted the tumour, as revealed by the accumulation of DiR in the tumour site, which led to a significant inhibition of tumour growth without measurable side effects. In conclusion, co-formulation consisting of L61 and curcumin in pH-sensitive micelles induced significant synergistic effects on the reversal of MDR. Therefore, the intracellular co-delivery of various MDR modulators has great potential to reverse MDR in tumours.
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12
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Molecular targeting of hypoxia in radiotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:45-62. [PMID: 27771366 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is an essential microenvironmental driver of phenotypic diversity in human solid cancers. Hypoxic cancer cells hijack evolutionarily conserved, O2- sensitive pathways eliciting molecular adaptations that impact responses to radiotherapy, tumor recurrence and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the radiobiological, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms orchestrating oncogenic responses to hypoxia. In addition, we outline emerging hypoxia- targeting strategies that hold promise for individualized cancer therapy in the context of radiotherapy and drug delivery.
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13
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Mediani L, Gibellini F, Bertacchini J, Frasson C, Bosco R, Accordi B, Basso G, Bonora M, Calabrò ML, Mattiolo A, Sgarbi G, Baracca A, Pinton P, Riva G, Rampazzo E, Petrizza L, Prodi L, Milani D, Luppi M, Potenza L, De Pol A, Cocco L, Capitani S, Marmiroli S. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype of primary effusion lymphoma cells by combined targeting of cellular metabolism and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5521-37. [PMID: 26575168 PMCID: PMC4868703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PEL is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, occurring predominantly as a lymphomatous effusion in body cavities, characterized by aggressive clinical course, with no standard therapy. Based on previous reports that PEL cells display a Warburg phenotype, we hypothesized that the highly hypoxic environment in which they grow in vivo makes them more reliant on glycolysis, and more vulnerable to drugs targeting this pathway. We established here that indeed PEL cells in hypoxia are more sensitive to glycolysis inhibition. Furthermore, since PI3K/Akt/mTOR has been proposed as a drug target in PEL, we ascertained that pathway-specific inhibitors, namely the dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, and the Akt inhibitor, Akti 1/2, display improved cytotoxicity to PEL cells in hypoxic conditions. Unexpectedly, we found that these drugs reduce lactate production/extracellular acidification rate, and, in combination with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), they shift PEL cells metabolism from aerobic glycolysis towards oxidative respiration. Moreover, the associations possess strong synergistic cytotoxicity towards PEL cells, and thus may reduce adverse reaction in vivo, while displaying very low toxicity to normal lymphocytes. Finally, we showed that the association of 2-DG and PF-04691502 maintains its cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect also in PEL cells co-cultured with human primary mesothelial cells, a condition known to mimic the in vivo environment and to exert a protective and pro-survival action. All together, these results provide a compelling rationale for the clinical development of new therapies for the treatment of PEL, based on combined targeting of glycolytic metabolism and constitutively activated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bosco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health and Institute of Pediatric Research - Città della Speranza Foundation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Mattiolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Petrizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Nath K, Guo L, Nancolas B, Nelson DS, Shestov AA, Lee SC, Roman J, Zhou R, Leeper DB, Halestrap AP, Blair IA, Glickson JD. Mechanism of antineoplastic activity of lonidamine. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:151-162. [PMID: 27497601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lonidamine (LND) was initially introduced as an antispermatogenic agent. It was later found to have anticancer activity sensitizing tumors to chemo-, radio-, and photodynamic-therapy and hyperthermia. Although the mechanism of action remained unclear, LND treatment has been known to target metabolic pathways in cancer cells. It has been reported to alter the bioenergetics of tumor cells by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, while indirect evidence suggested that it also inhibited l-lactic acid efflux from cells mediated by members of the proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and also pyruvate uptake into the mitochondria by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Recent studies have demonstrated that LND potently inhibits MPC activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria (Ki 2.5μM) and cooperatively inhibits l-lactate transport by MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with K0.5 and Hill coefficient values of 36-40μM and 1.65-1.85, respectively. In rat heart mitochondria LND inhibited the MPC with similar potency and uncoupled oxidation of pyruvate was inhibited more effectively (IC50~7μM) than other substrates including glutamate (IC50~20μM). LND inhibits the succinate-ubiquinone reductase activity of respiratory Complex II without fully blocking succinate dehydrogenase activity. LND also induces cellular reactive oxygen species through Complex II and has been reported to promote cell death by suppression of the pentose phosphate pathway, which resulted in inhibition of NADPH and glutathione generation. We conclude that MPC inhibition is the most sensitive anti-tumour target for LND, with additional inhibitory effects on MCT-mediated l-lactic acid efflux, Complex II and glutamine/glutamate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lili Guo
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bethany Nancolas
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David S Nelson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Roman
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Heiss EH, Schachner D, Donati M, Grojer CS, Dirsch VM. Increased aerobic glycolysis is important for the motility of activated VSMC and inhibited by indirubin-3'-monoxime. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:47-56. [PMID: 27185663 PMCID: PMC4939873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased aerobic glycolysis is a recognized feature of multiple cellular phenotypes and offers a potential point for drug interference, as pursued by anti-tumor agents targeting the Warburg effect. This study aimed at examining the role of aerobic glycolysis for migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and its susceptibility to the small molecule indirubin-3′-monoxime (I3MO). Activation of VSMC with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) resulted in migration and increased glycolytic activity which was accompanied by an increased glucose uptake and hexokinase (HK) 2 expression. Inhibition of glycolysis or hexokinase by pharmacological agents or siRNA-mediated knockdown significantly reduced the migratory behavior in VSMC without affecting cell viability or early actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. I3MO, previously recognized as inhibitor of VSMC migration, was able to counteract the PDGF-activated increase in glycolysis and HK2 abundance. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 could be identified as crucial event in upregulation of HK2 and glycolytic activity in PDGF-stimulated VSMC and as point of interference for I3MO. I3MO did not inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α-dependent transcription nor influence miRNA 143 levels, other potential regulators of HK2 levels. Overall, we demonstrate that increased aerobic glycolysis is an important factor for the motility of activated VSMC and that the anti-migratory property of I3MO may partly depend on impairment of glycolysis via a compromised STAT3/HK2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Schachner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maddalena Donati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph S Grojer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Lv J, Wang J, Chang S, Liu M, Pang X. The greedy nature of mutant RAS: a boon for drug discovery targeting cancer metabolism? Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:17-26. [PMID: 26487443 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS oncogene mutations are frequently detected in human cancers. Among RAS-mediated tumorigenesis, KRAS-driven cancers are the most frequently diagnosed and resistant to current therapies. Despite more than three decades of intensive efforts, there are still no specific therapies for mutant RAS proteins. While trying to block those well-established downstream pathways, such as the RAF-MAPK pathway and the PI3K-AKT pathway, attentions have been paid to potential effects of RAS on metabolic pathways and the feasibility for targeting these pathways. Recent studies have proved that RAS not only promotes aerobic glycolysis and glutamine metabolism reprograming to provide energy, but it also facilitates branched metabolism pathways, autophagy, and macropinocytosis. These alterations generate building blocks for tumor growth and strengthen antioxidant defense in tumor cells. All of these metabolic changes meet different demands of RAS-driven cancers, making them distinct from normal cells. Indeed, some achievements have been made to inhibit tumor growth through targeting specific metabolism rewiring in preclinical models. Although there is still a long way to elucidate the landscape of altered metabolism, we believe that specific metabolic enzymes or pathways could be therapeutically targeted for selective inhibition of RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Siyu Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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17
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7-formyl-10-methylisoellipticine, a novel ellipticine derivative, induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and shows anti-leukaemic activity in mice. Invest New Drugs 2015; 34:15-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Guo L, Shestov AA, Worth AJ, Nath K, Nelson DS, Leeper DB, Glickson JD, Blair IA. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex II by the Anticancer Agent Lonidamine. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:42-57. [PMID: 26521302 PMCID: PMC4697178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor agent lonidamine (LND; 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid) is known to interfere with energy-yielding processes in cancer cells. However, the effect of LND on central energy metabolism has never been fully characterized. In this study, we report that a significant amount of succinate is accumulated in LND-treated cells. LND inhibits the formation of fumarate and malate and suppresses succinate-induced respiration of isolated mitochondria. Utilizing biochemical assays, we determined that LND inhibits the succinate-ubiquinone reductase activity of respiratory complex II without fully blocking succinate dehydrogenase activity. LND also induces cellular reactive oxygen species through complex II, which reduced the viability of the DB-1 melanoma cell line. The ability of LND to promote cell death was potentiated by its suppression of the pentose phosphate pathway, which resulted in inhibition of NADPH and glutathione generation. Using stable isotope tracers in combination with isotopologue analysis, we showed that LND increased glutaminolysis but decreased reductive carboxylation of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate. Our findings on the previously uncharacterized effects of LND may provide potential combinational therapeutic approaches for targeting cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- From the Penn Superfund Research and Training Program Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Andrew J Worth
- From the Penn Superfund Research and Training Program Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - David S Nelson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and
| | - Ian A Blair
- From the Penn Superfund Research and Training Program Center, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and
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19
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Mariadasse R, Biswal J, Jayaprakash P, Rao GR, Choubey SK, Rajendran S, Jeyakanthan J. Mechanical insights of oxythiamine compound as potent inhibitor for human transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1 protein). J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:233-42. [PMID: 26481897 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1080272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transketolase is a connecting link between glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway, which is considered as the rate-limiting step due to synthesis of large number of ATP molecule and it can be proposed as a plausible target facilitating the growth of cancerous cells suggesting its potential role in cancer. Oxythiamine, an antimetabolite has been proved to be an efficient anticancerous compound in vitro, but its structural elucidation of the inhibitory mechanism has not yet been done against the human transketolase-like 1 protein (TKTL1). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of TKTL1 protein was modeled and subjected for refinement, stability and validation. Based on the reported homologs of transketolase (TKT), the active site residues His46, Ser49, Ser52, Ser53, Ile56, Leu82, Lys84, Leu123, Ser125, Glu128, Asp154, His160, Thr216 and Lys218 were identified and considered for molecular-modeling studies. Docking studies reveal the H-bond interactions with residues Ser49 and Lys218 that could play a major role in the activity of TKTL1. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was performed to reveal the comparative stability of both native and complex forms of TKTL1. MD trajectory at 30 ns, confirm the role of active site residues Ser49, Lys84, Glu128, His160 and Lys218 in suppressing the activity of TKTL1. Glu128 is observed to be the most important residue for deprotonation state of the aminopyrimidine moiety and preferred to be the site of inhibitory action. Thus, the proposed mechanism of inhibition through in silico studies would pave the way for structure-oriented drug designing against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mariadasse
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Jayashree Biswal
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Prajisha Jayaprakash
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Guru Raj Rao
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Choubey
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Santhosh Rajendran
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Jeyaraman Jeyakanthan
- a Department of Bioinformatics , Structural Biology and Bio-Computing Laboratory, Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
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20
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Molecular Connections between Cancer Cell Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11055-86. [PMID: 25988385 PMCID: PMC4463690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis, instead of oxidative phosphorylation, for metabolism even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis, referred to as the “Warburg effect”, commonly exists in a variety of tumors. Recent studies further demonstrate that both genetic factors such as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and microenvironmental factors such as spatial hypoxia and acidosis can regulate the glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells. Reciprocally, altered cancer cell metabolism can modulate the tumor microenvironment which plays important roles in cancer cell somatic evolution, metastasis, and therapeutic response. In this article, we review the progression of current understandings on the molecular interaction between cancer cell metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discuss the implications of these interactions in cancer therapy and chemoprevention.
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21
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Sborov DW, Haverkos BM, Harris PJ. Investigational cancer drugs targeting cell metabolism in clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:79-94. [PMID: 25224845 PMCID: PMC4434605 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.960077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant cell transformation and tumor progression are associated with alterations in glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid delivery and production of reactive oxygen species. With increased understanding of the role of metabolism in tumors, there has been interest in developing agents that target tumor specific metabolic pathways. Numerous promising agents targeting altered metabolic pathways are currently in Phase I - III clinical trials. Areas covered: This paper reviews the early phase clinical trial development of these agents and provides perspective on the future direction of this emerging field. Specifically, the authors describe novel and repurposed therapies, focusing on the effects of each agent on tumor metabolism and results from relevant Phase I and II clinical trials. Expert opinion: Metabolism modulating agents, alone and in combinations with other classes of agents, have shown efficacy in the treatment of neoplasm, which, the authors believe, will bear positive results in future studies. Because of the significant crosstalk between metabolic pathways and oncogenic signaling pathways, the authors also believe that combining metabolic modifiers with targeted agents will be an important strategy. An increased understanding of cancer metabolism, in addition to the continued study of metabolic modulators, should lead to further advances in this nascent therapeutic field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Sborov
- Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley M Haverkos
- Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pamela J Harris
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850-9739, USA Tel: +1 240 276 6565; Fax: +1 240 276 7894;
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22
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer chemoresistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Qian Y, Wang X, Chen X. Inhibitors of glucose transport and glycolysis as novel anticancer therapeutics. World J Transl Med 2014; 3:37-57. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v3.i2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and altered energetics have become an emerging hallmark of cancer and an active area of basic, translational, and clinical cancer research in the recent decade. Development of effective anticancer therapeutics may depend on improved understanding of the altered cancer metabolism compared to that of normal cells. Changes in glucose transport and glycolysis, which are drastically upregulated in most cancers and termed the Warburg effect, are one of major focuses of this new research area. By taking advantage of the new knowledge and understanding of cancer’s mechanisms, numerous therapeutic agents have been developed to target proteins and enzymes involved in glucose transport and metabolism, with promising results in cancer cells, animal tumor models and even clinical trials. It has also been hypothesized that targeting a pathway or a process, such as glucose transport or glucose metabolism, rather than a specific protein or enzyme in a signaling pathway may be more effective. This is based on the observation that cancer somehow can always bypass the inhibition of a target drug by switching to a redundant or compensatory pathway. In addition, cancer cells have higher dependence on glucose. This review will provide background information on glucose transport and metabolism in cancer, and summarize new therapeutic developments in basic and translational research in these areas, with a focus on glucose transporter inhibitors and glycolysis inhibitors. The daunting challenges facing both basic and clinical researchers of the field are also presented and discussed.
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24
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Oliveira PF, Martins AD, Moreira AC, Cheng CY, Alves MG. The Warburg effect revisited--lesson from the Sertoli cell. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:126-51. [PMID: 25043918 DOI: 10.1002/med.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancerous cells prefer fermentative instead of oxidative metabolism of glucose, although the former is in theory less efficient. Since Warburg's pioneering works, special attention has been given to this difference in cell metabolism. The Warburg effect has been implicated in cell transformation, immortalization, and proliferation during tumorigenesis. Cancer cells display enhanced glycolytic activity, which is correlated with high proliferation, and thus, glycolysis appears to be an excellent candidate to target cancer cells. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to noncancerous cells that exhibit a "Warburg-like" metabolism with slight, but perhaps crucial, alterations that may provide new directions to develop new and effective anticancer therapies. Within the testis, the somatic Sertoli cell (SC) presents several common metabolic features analogous to cancer cells, and a clear "Warburg-like" metabolism. Nevertheless, SCs actively proliferate only during a specific time period, ceasing to divide in most species after puberty, when they become terminally differentiated. The special metabolic features of SC, as well as progression from the immature but proliferative state, to the mature nonproliferative state, where a high glycolytic activity is maintained, make these cells unique and a good model to discuss new perspectives on the Warburg effect. Herein we provide new insight on how the somatic SC may be a source of new and exciting information concerning the Warburg effect and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Chen JJ, Patel A, Sodani K, Xiao ZJ, Tiwari AK, Zhang DM, Li YJ, Yang DH, Ye WC, Chen SD, Chen ZS. bba, a synthetic derivative of 23-hydroxybutulinic acid, reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux activity of MRP7 (ABCC10). PLoS One 2013; 8:e74573. [PMID: 24069321 PMCID: PMC3775757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are frequently used for adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer treatment. 23-O-(1,4'-bipiperidine-1-carbonyl) betulinic acid (BBA) is a synthetic derivative of 23-hydroxybutulinic acid (23-HBA), which is a natural pentacyclic triterpene and the major active constituent of the root of Pulsatillachinensis. We previously reported that BBA could reverse P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, we investigated whether BBA has the potential to reverse multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7/ABCC10)-mediated MDR. We found that BBA concentration-dependently enhanced the sensitivity of MRP7-transfected HEK293 cells to paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine. Accumulation and efflux experiments demonstrated that BBA increased the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel by inhibiting the efflux of [3H]-paclitaxel from HEK293/MRP7 cells. In addition, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses indicated no significant alteration of MRP7 protein expression and localization in plasma membranes after treatment with BBA. These results demonstrate that BBA reverses MRP7-mediated MDR through blocking the drug efflux function of MRP7 without affecting the intracellular ATP levels. Our findings suggest that BBA has the potential to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to augment the response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jiang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Atish Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Kamlesh Sodani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Ying-Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Dong Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (Z-SC); (S-DC)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (Z-SC); (S-DC)
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Wang J, Zhang X, Ma D, Lee WNP, Xiao J, Zhao Y, Go VL, Wang Q, Yen Y, Recker R, Xiao GG. Inhibition of transketolase by oxythiamine altered dynamics of protein signals in pancreatic cancer cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:18. [PMID: 23890079 PMCID: PMC3733980 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxythiamine (OT), an analogue of anti-metabolite, can suppress the nonoxidative synthesis of ribose and induce cell apoptosis by causing a G1 phase arrest in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear yet. In the present study, a quantitative proteomic analysis using the modified SILAC method (mSILAC) was performed to determine the effect of metabolic inhibition on dynamic changes of protein expression in MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells treated with OT at various doses (0 μM, 5 μM, 50 μM and 500 μM) and time points (0 h, 12 h and 48 h). A total of 52 differential proteins in MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with OT were identified, including 14 phosphorylated proteins. Based on the dynamic expression pattern, these proteins were categorized in three clusters, straight down-regulation (cluster 1, 37% of total proteins), upright "V" shape expression pattern (cluster 2, 47.8% total), and downright "V" shape pattern (cluster 3, 15.2% total). Among them, Annexin A1 expression was significantly down-regulated by OT treatment in time-dependent manner, while no change of this protein was observed in OT dose-dependent fashion. Pathway analysis suggested that inhibition of transketolase resulted in changes of multiple cellular signaling pathways associated with cell apoptosis. The temporal expression patterns of proteins revealed that OT altered dynamics of protein expression in time-dependent fashion by suppressing phosphor kinase expression, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis. Results from this study suggest that interference of single metabolic enzyme activity altered multiple cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wang
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- The Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Danjun Ma
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Wai-Nang Paul Lee
- Metabolomics Core, UCLA Center of Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jing Xiao
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Vay Liang Go
- Metabolomics Core, UCLA Center of Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Yun Yen
- Molecular Clinical Pharmacology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 90101, USA
| | - Robert Recker
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Genomics & Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 N 30th ST, Suite 6730, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
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Vuyyuri SB, Rinkinen J, Worden E, Shim H, Lee S, Davis KR. Ascorbic acid and a cytostatic inhibitor of glycolysis synergistically induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67081. [PMID: 23776707 PMCID: PMC3679078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) exhibits significant anticancer activity at pharmacologic doses achievable by parenteral administration that have minimal effects on normal cells. Thus, AA has potential uses as a chemotherapeutic agent alone or in combination with other therapeutics that specifically target cancer-cell metabolism. We compared the effects of AA and combinations of AA with the glycolysis inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3-PO) on the viability of three non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to the effects on an immortalized lung epithelial cell line. AA concentrations of 0.5 to 5 mM caused a complete loss of viability in all NSCLC lines compared to a <10% loss of viability in the lung epithelial cell line. Combinations of AA and 3-PO synergistically enhanced cell death in all NSCLC cell lines at concentrations well below the IC50 concentrations for each compound alone. A synergistic interaction was not observed in combination treatments of lung epithelial cells and combination treatments that caused a complete loss of viability in NSCLC cells had modest effects on normal lung cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Combination treatments induced dramatically higher ROS levels compared to treatment with AA and 3-PO alone in NSCLC cells and combination-induced cell death was inhibited by addition of catalase to the medium. Analyses of DNA fragmentation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, annexin V-binding, and caspase activity demonstrated that AA-induced cell death is caused via the activation of apoptosis and that the combination treatments caused a synergistic induction of apoptosis. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of AA against NSCLC cells and that combinations of AA with 3-PO synergistically induce apoptosis via a ROS-dependent mechanism. These results support further evaluation of pharmacologic concentrations of AA as an adjuvant treatment for NSCLC and that combination of AA with glycolysis inhibitors may be a promising therapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha B. Vuyyuri
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jacob Rinkinen
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Erin Worden
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hyekyung Shim
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keith R. Davis
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- * E-mail:
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28
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Li N, Zhang CX, Wang XX, Zhang L, Ma X, Zhou J, Ju RJ, Li XY, Zhao WY, Lu WL. Development of targeting lonidamine liposomes that circumvent drug-resistant cancer by acting on mitochondrial signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3366-80. [PMID: 23410681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even when faced with elimination, functional materials may offer new alternatives to expensive drugs. Once used to treat benign prostate hypertrophy, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suspended the use of lonidamine due to the occurrence of liver problems arising from its poor pharmaceutical properties. The objectives of the present study were to develop targeting lonidamine liposomes in combination with targeting epirubicin liposomes to circumvent drug-resistant cancer. Evaluations were performed on A549 and drug-resistant A549cDDP lung cancer cells and drug-resistant A549cDDP xenografted BALB/c nude mice. A DQA-PEG(2000)-DSPE conjugate was incorporated onto the liposomes as a targeting molecule. The constructed targeting lonidamine liposomes and targeting epirubicin liposomes measured were approximately 80 nm. The targeting lonidamine liposomes significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of the targeting epirubicin liposomes in the drug-resistant A549cDDP cells in a lonidamine dose-dependent manner. Mechanism studies revealed that the targeting liposomes were selectively accumulated in the mitochondria, dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential, opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pores, and releasing cytochrome C by translocation. This initiated a cascade of caspase 9 and 3 reactions and activated the pro-apoptotic Bax protein while suppressing the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein, thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effect by acting on the mitochondrial signaling pathways. The efficacy in treating the drug-resistant A549cDDP xenografted tumor model after administration of the targeting lonidamine liposomes plus targeting epirubicin liposomes was the most significant compared with the administration of the controls at comparable doses. In conclusion, targeting lonidamine liposomes could be used as a potent co-therapy with an anticancer agent to enhance the efficacy of treating drug-resistant cancer by acting on the mitochondrial signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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29
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Hammoudi N, Ahmed KBR, Garcia-Prieto C, Huang P. Metabolic alterations in cancer cells and therapeutic implications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:508-25. [PMID: 21801600 PMCID: PMC4013402 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism has emerged as an important area of research in recent years. Elucidation of the metabolic differences between cancer and normal cells and the underlying mechanisms will not only advance our understanding of fundamental cancer cell biology but also provide an important basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and novel compounds to selectively eliminate cancer cells by targeting their unique metabolism. This article reviews several important metabolic alterations in cancer cells, with an emphasis on increased aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) and glutamine addiction, and discusses the mechanisms that may contribute to such metabolic changes. In addition, metabolic alterations in cancer stem cells, mitochondrial metabolism and its influence on drug sensitivity, and potential therapeutic strategies and agents that target cancer metabolism are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hammoudi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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30
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Granchi C, Minutolo F. Anticancer agents that counteract tumor glycolysis. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1318-50. [PMID: 22684868 PMCID: PMC3516916 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Can we consider cancer to be a "metabolic disease"? Tumors are the result of a metabolic selection, forming tissues composed of heterogeneous cells that generally express an overactive metabolism as a common feature. In fact, cancer cells have increased needs for both energy and biosynthetic intermediates to support their growth and invasiveness. However, their high proliferation rate often generates regions that are insufficiently oxygenated. Therefore, their carbohydrate metabolism must rely mostly on a glycolytic process that is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic switch, also known as the Warburg effect, constitutes a fundamental adaptation of tumor cells to a relatively hostile environment, and supports the evolution of aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As a result, tumor glycolysis may constitute an attractive target for cancer therapy. This approach has often raised concerns that antiglycolytic agents may cause serious side effects toward normal cells. The key to selective action against cancer cells can be found in their hyperbolic addiction to glycolysis, which may be exploited to generate new anticancer drugs with minimal toxicity. There is growing evidence to support many glycolytic enzymes and transporters as suitable candidate targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review some of the most relevant antiglycolytic agents that have been investigated thus far for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa (Italy)
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa (Italy)
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31
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Implications of therapy-induced selective autophagy on tumor metabolism and survival. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:872091. [PMID: 22550492 PMCID: PMC3328951 DOI: 10.1155/2012/872091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that therapies designed to trigger apoptosis in tumor cells cause mitochondrial depolarization, nuclear damage, and the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates, resulting in the activation of selective forms of autophagy. These selective forms of autophagy, including mitophagy, nucleophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated autophagy, counteract apoptotic signals by removing damaged cellular structures and by reprogramming cellular energy metabolism to cope with therapeutic stress. As a result, the efficacies of numerous current cancer therapies may be improved by combining them with adjuvant treatments that exploit or disrupt key metabolic processes induced by selective forms of autophagy. Targeting these metabolic irregularities represents a promising approach to improve clinical responsiveness to cancer treatments given the inherently elevated metabolic demands of many tumor types. To what extent anticancer treatments promote selective forms of autophagy and the degree to which they influence metabolism are currently under intense scrutiny. Understanding how the activation of selective forms of autophagy influences cellular metabolism and survival provides an opportunity to target metabolic irregularities induced by these pathways as a means of augmenting current approaches for treating cancer.
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32
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Abstract
Mortality from locally advanced and metastatic cancer remains high despite advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and improved adjuvant therapies. Recently, there has been an increased interest in cancer metabolomics, and in particular, the potential for targeting glucose metabolism, for therapeutic gain. This interest stems from the fact that cancer cells metabolize glucose very differently from normal cells. Cancer cells preferentially switch to aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation as their means of glucose metabolism. This metabolic switch is believed to enhance cancer cell survival. Several therapeutic agents that target tumor metabolism have shown significant cancer cell cytotoxicity in preclinical studies, and some have progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the alteration of carbohydrate metabolism seen in cancer cells, the underlying mechanisms, and opportunities for targeting cancer metabolism for therapeutic purposes.
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Riker AI, Fodstad O, Ledoux SP, Wilson GL, Tan M. Emerging metabolic targets in cancer therapy. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:1844-60. [PMID: 21196269 DOI: 10.2741/3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are different from normal cells in their metabolic properties. Normal cells mostly rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy. In contrast, cancer cells depend mostly on glycolysis, the aerobic breakdown of glucose into ATP. This altered energy dependency is known as the "Warburg effect" and is a hallmark of cancer cells. In recent years, investigating the metabolic changes within cancer cells has been a rapidly growing area. Emerging evidence shows that oncogenes that drive the cancer-promoting signals also drive the altered metabolism. Although the exact mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are unclear, the existing evidence suggests that increased glycolysis plays an important role in support malignant behavior of cancer cells. A thorough understanding of the unique metabolism of cancer cells will help to design of more effective drugs targeting metabolic pathways, which will greatly impact the capacity to effectively treat cancer patients. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the Warburg effect upon tumor cell growth and survival, and discussion on the potential metabolic targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhao
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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34
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Wang F, Ogasawara MA, Huang P. Small mitochondria-targeting molecules as anti-cancer agents. Mol Aspects Med 2009; 31:75-92. [PMID: 19995573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial structure and functions have long been observed in cancer cells. Targeting mitochondria as a cancer therapeutic strategy has gained momentum in the recent years. The signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial function, apoptosis and molecules that affect mitochondrial integrity and cell viability have been important topics of the recent review in the literature. In this article, we first briefly summarize the rationale and biological basis for developing mitochondrial-targeted compounds as potential anti-cancer agents, and then provide key examples of small molecules that either directly impact mitochondria or functionally affect the metabolic alterations in cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction. The main focus is on the small molecular weight compounds with potential applications in cancer treatment. We also summarize information on the drug developmental stages of the key mitochondria-targeted compounds and their clinical trial status. The advantages and potential shortcomings of targeting the mitochondria for cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in blood of patients with melanoma have proven to be an accurate predictor of prognosis and response to some treatments. Exclusion of patients with high LDH levels from many trials of new treatments has created a need for treatments aimed at patients with high LDH levels. This article reviews the metabolic basis for the association of LDH with prognosis and the treatment initiatives that may be successful in this patient group. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Review of current literature on the topic. RESULTS A number of new treatment initiatives based on manipulation of metabolic pathways in melanoma cells are now available and await evaluation in well-designed clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Different cancers may require different metabolic approaches for effective treatment. In view of the high rate of glycolysis in most melanoma cells, approaches based on inhibition of acid excretion from the cells seem particularly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hersey
- Immunology and Oncology Unit, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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36
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Inhibition of glycolysis modulates prednisolone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood 2008; 113:2014-21. [PMID: 18978206 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-05-157842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment failure in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is related to cellular resistance to glucocorticoids (eg, prednisolone). Recently, we demonstrated that genes associated with glucose metabolism are differentially expressed between prednisolone-sensitive and prednisolone-resistant precursor B-lineage leukemic patients. Here, we show that prednisolone resistance is associated with increased glucose consumption and that inhibition of glycolysis sensitizes prednisolone-resistant ALL cell lines to glucocorticoids. Treatment of prednisolone-resistant Jurkat and Molt4 cells with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), lonidamine (LND), or 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) increased the in vitro sensitivity to glucocorticoids, while treatment of the prednisolone-sensitive cell lines Tom-1 and RS4; 11 did not influence drug cytotoxicity. This sensitizing effect of the glycolysis inhibitors in glucocorticoid-resistant ALL cells was not found for other classes of antileukemic drugs (ie, vincristine and daunorubicin). Moreover, down-regulation of the expression of GAPDH by RNA interference also sensitized to prednisolone, comparable with treatment with glycolytic inhibitors. Importantly, the ability of 2-DG to reverse glucocorticoid resistance was not limited to cell lines, but was also observed in isolated primary ALL cells from patients. Together, these findings indicate the importance of the glycolytic pathway in glucocorticoid resistance in ALL and suggest that targeting glycolysis is a viable strategy for modulating prednisolone resistance in ALL.
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37
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Chen Z, Lu W, Garcia-Prieto C, Huang P. The Warburg effect and its cancer therapeutic implications. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2007; 39:267-74. [PMID: 17551814 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-007-9086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased aerobic glycolysis in cancer, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, has been observed in various tumor cells and represents a major biochemical alteration associated with malignant transformation. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this metabolic change remain to be elucidated, the profound biochemical alteration in cancer cell energy metabolism provides exciting opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies to preferentially kill cancer cells by targeting the glycolytic pathway. Several small molecules capable of inhibiting glycolysis in experimental systems have been shown to have promising anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review article provides a brief summary of our current understanding of the Warburg effect, the underlying mechanisms, and its influence on the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7435 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ. Glycolysis in cancer: a potential target for therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 39:1358-66. [PMID: 17499003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical imaging of primary and metastatic cancers with Fluoro deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FdG PET) has clearly demonstrated that increased glucose flux compared to normal tissue is a common trait of human malignancies (Gambhir, 2002) This is a consequence of a shift of glucose metabolism to less efficient glycolytic pathways in response to regional hypoxia and evolution of aerobic glycolysis in many cancer phenotypes. This distinctive metabolic profile presents an inviting target for cancer treatment and prevention. Here, we summarize the therapeutic strategies under investigation to exploit or interrupt tumor glycolytic metabolism. Although a number of approaches are under investigation, none has been sufficiently successful to warrant widespread clinical application. We point out that the environmental heterogeneity and evolutionary capacity of tumor cells that likely led to development of upregulated glycolysis could also promote adaptive strategies that confer resistance to therapies designed to inhibit glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, University Medical Center, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Mathupala SP, Ko YH, Pedersen PL. Hexokinase II: cancer's double-edged sword acting as both facilitator and gatekeeper of malignancy when bound to mitochondria. Oncogene 2006; 25:4777-86. [PMID: 16892090 PMCID: PMC3385868 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A key hallmark of many cancers, particularly the most aggressive, is the capacity to metabolize glucose at an elevated rate, a phenotype detected clinically using positron emission tomography (PET). This phenotype provides cancer cells, including those that participate in metastasis, a distinct competitive edge over normal cells. Specifically, after rapid entry of glucose into cancer cells on the glucose transporter, the highly glycolytic phenotype is supported by hexokinase (primarily HK II) that is overexpressed and bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane via the porin-like protein voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This protein and the adenine nucleotide transporter move ATP, newly synthesized by the inner membrane located ATP synthase, to active sites on HK II. The abundant amounts of HK II bind both the ATP and the incoming glucose producing the product glucose-6-phosphate, also at an elevated rate. This critical metabolite then serves both as a biosynthetic precursor to support cell proliferation and as a precursor for lactic acid, the latter exiting cancer cells causing an unfavorable environment for normal cells. Although helping facilitate this chemical warfare, HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppresses the death of cancer cells, thus increasing their possibility for metastasis and the ultimate death of the human host. For these reasons, targeting this key enzyme is currently being investigated in several laboratories in a strategy to develop novel therapies that may turn the tide on the continuing struggle to find effective cures for cancer. One such candidate is 3-bromopyruvate that has been shown recently to eradicate advanced stage, PET positive hepatocellular carcinomas in an animal model without apparent harm to the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- SP Mathupala
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - YH Ko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - PL Pedersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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40
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Abstract
Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis and use this metabolic pathway for generation of ATP as a main source of their energy supply. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect and is considered as one of the most fundamental metabolic alterations during malignant transformation. In recent years, there are significant progresses in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the potential therapeutic implications. Biochemical and molecular studies suggest several possible mechanisms by which this metabolic alteration may evolve during cancer development. These mechanisms include mitochondrial defects and malfunction, adaptation to hypoxic tumor microenvironment, oncogenic signaling, and abnormal expression of metabolic enzymes. Importantly, the increased dependence of cancer cells on glycolytic pathway for ATP generation provides a biochemical basis for the design of therapeutic strategies to preferentially kill cancer cells by pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis. Several small molecules have emerged that exhibit promising anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, as single agent or in combination with other therapeutic modalities. The glycolytic inhibitors are particularly effective against cancer cells with mitochondrial defects or under hypoxic conditions, which are frequently associated with cellular resistance to conventional anticancer drugs and radiation therapy. Because increased aerobic glycolysis is commonly seen in a wide spectrum of human cancers and hypoxia is present in most tumor microenvironment, development of novel glycolytic inhibitors as a new class of anticancer agents is likely to have broad therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pelicano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV, Alakhov VY. An essential relationship between ATP depletion and chemosensitizing activity of Pluronic block copolymers. J Control Release 2003; 91:75-83. [PMID: 12932639 PMCID: PMC3932490 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pluronic block copolymers are known to sensitize multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors with respect to various anticancer agents, particularly, anthracycline antibiotics. After completion of the Phase I clinical trial, the formulation containing doxorubicin and Pluronic, SP1049C, is undergoing Phase II clinical trials. Studies of the mechanism of the sensitization effect of Pluronic suggested an essential role of ATP depletion in MDR tumors by the block copolymer. The ATP depletion phenomenon was further examined using a panel of cells with varying levels of expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs). Cell responses were characterized in terms of EC(50), a concentration of Pluronic P85 resulting in a 50% decrease in ATP intracellular levels. These studies suggested that the cells displaying high responses in ATP depletion with EC(50)<0.01% were strongly sensitized by the block copolymer resulting in drastic increases of doxorubicin cytotoxic activity (over 100-fold). In contrast, the less responsive cells with EC(50)>ca. 0.02% were practically not sensitized by the block copolymer. The responses of the cells to P85 in ATP depletion studies correlated with the levels of expression of the drug efflux transport proteins, primarily Pgp. This provided initial evidence that Pgp may be useful as a gene expression marker for predicting potential responses to doxorubicin/Pluronic formulation in chemotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kabanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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42
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Gong X, Burbridge SM, Lewis AC, Wong PYD, Linsdell P. Mechanism of lonidamine inhibition of the CFTR chloride channel. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137:928-36. [PMID: 12411425 PMCID: PMC1573555 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel is blocked by a broad range of organic anionic compounds. Here we investigate the effects of the indazole compound lonidamine on CFTR channels expressed in mammalian cell lines using patch clamp recording. 2. Application of lonidamine to the intracellular face of excised membrane patches caused a voltage-dependent block of CFTR currents, with an apparent K(d) of 58 micro M at -100 mV. 3. Block by lonidamine was apparently independent of channel gating but weakly sensitive to the extracellular Cl(-) concentration. 4. Intracellular lonidamine led to the introduction of brief interruptions in the single channel current at hyperpolarized voltages, leading to a reduction in channel mean open time. Lonidamine also introduced a new component of macroscopic current variance. Spectral analysis of this variance suggested a blocker on rate of 1.79 micro M(-1) s(-1) and an off-rate of 143 s(-1). 5. Several point mutations within the sixth transmembrane region of CFTR (R334C, F337S, T338A and S341A) significantly weakened block of macroscopic CFTR current, suggesting that lonidamine enters deeply into the channel pore from its intracellular end. 6. These results identify and characterize lonidamine as a novel CFTR open channel blocker and provide important information concerning its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandi Gong
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Susan M Burbridge
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Angie C Lewis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Y D Wong
- Department of Physiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Paul Linsdell
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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43
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Dell'Antone P, Bragadin M, Piergallini L. Lonidamine cytotoxicity: involvement of the lysosomal compartment. J Int Med Res 2000; 28:269-76. [PMID: 11191720 DOI: 10.1177/147323000002800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonidamine (LND) was found to decrease significantly the pH gradient across intracellular compartments in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. The effect was maximal in the range 0.2 - 0.3 mM LND, and was observed both in the presence of glucose - i.e. conditions in which a high bioenergetic status of the cells was maintained by glycolysis (due to a strong Crabtree effect in these cells) - and in the absence of glucose. Moreover the LND effect was also observed in the presence of bafilomycin, a specific inhibitor of the H+ -vacuolar ATP-ase. Based on these findings, we suggest that the LND effect on the proton gradient reflects an LND-induced increase in membrane proton conductance. The consequent impairment of intracellular proton gradients might be involved in the mechanism of action of LND, allowing drugs that are weak bases to accumulate preferentially in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dell'Antone
- Department of Experimental and Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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