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Stone CR, Harris DD, Broadwin M, Kanuparthy M, Sabe SA, Xu C, Feng J, Abid MR, Sellke FW. Crafting a Rigorous, Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia: What Have We Learned in 20 Years? Methods Protoc 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38392691 PMCID: PMC10891802 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The past several decades have borne witness to several breakthroughs and paradigm shifts within the field of cardiovascular medicine, but one component that has remained constant throughout this time is the need for accurate animal models for the refinement and elaboration of the hypotheses and therapies crucial to our capacity to combat human disease. Numerous sophisticated and high-throughput molecular strategies have emerged, including rational drug design and the multi-omics approaches that allow extensive characterization of the host response to disease states and their prospective resolutions, but these technologies all require grounding within a faithful representation of their clinical context. Over this period, our lab has exhaustively tested, progressively refined, and extensively contributed to cardiovascular discovery on the basis of one such faithful representation. It is the purpose of this paper to review our porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia using ameroid constriction and the subsequent myriad of physiological and molecular-biological insights it has allowed our lab to attain and describe. We hope that, by depicting our methods and the insight they have yielded clearly and completely-drawing for this purpose on comprehensive videographic illustration-other research teams will be empowered to carry our work forward, drawing on our experience to refine their own investigations into the pathogenesis and eradication of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Stone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (D.D.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (S.A.S.); (C.X.); (J.F.); (M.R.A.); (F.W.S.)
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2
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Parikh M, Pierce GN. Considerations for choosing an optimal animal model of cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:75-85. [PMID: 37748198 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The decision to use the optimal animal model to mimic the various types of cardiovascular disease is a critical one for a basic scientist. Clinical cardiovascular disease can be complex and presents itself as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarcts, and cardiomyopathies, amongst others. This may be further complicated by the simultaneous presence of two or more cardiovascular lesions (for example, atherosclerosis and hypertension) and co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, infectious disease, obesity, etc). This variety and merging of disease states creates an unusually difficult situation for the researcher who needs to identify the optimal animal model that is available to best represent all of the characteristics of the clinical cardiovascular disease. The present manuscript reviews the characteristics of the various animal models of cardiovascular disease available today, their advantages and disadvantages, with the goal to allow the reader access to the most recent data available for optimal choices prior to the initiation of the study. The animal species that can be chosen, the methods of generating these models of cardiovascular disease, as well as the specific cardiovascular lesions involved in each of these models are reviewed. A particular focus on the JCR:LA-cp rat as a model of cardiovascular disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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3
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Kaplan-Arabaci O, Acari A, Ciftci P, Gozuacik D. Glutamate Scavenging as a Neuroreparative Strategy in Ischemic Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866738. [PMID: 35401202 PMCID: PMC8984161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second highest reason of death in the world and the leading cause of disability. The ischemic stroke makes up the majority of stroke cases that occur due to the blockage of blood vessels. Therapeutic applications for ischemic stroke include thrombolytic treatments that are in limited usage and only applicable to less than 10% of the total stroke patients, but there are promising new approaches. The main cause of ischemic neuronal death is glutamate excitotoxicity. There have been multiple studies focusing on neuroprotection via reduction of glutamate both in ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases that ultimately failed due to the obstacles in delivery. At that point, systemic glutamate grabbing, or scavenging is an ingenious way of decreasing glutamate levels upon ischemic stroke. The main advantage of this new therapeutic method is the scavengers working in the circulating blood so that there is no interference with the natural brain neurophysiology. In this review, we explain the molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke, provide brief information about existing drugs and approaches, and present novel systemic glutamate scavenging methods. This review hopefully will elucidate the potential usage of the introduced therapeutic approaches in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oykum Kaplan-Arabaci
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alperen Acari
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ciftci
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Morris CC, Ref J, Acharya S, Johnson KJ, Squire S, Acharya T, Dennis T, Daugherty S, McArthur A, Chinyere IR, Koevary JW, Hare JM, Lancaster JJ, Goldman S, Avery R. Free-breathing gradient recalled echo-based CMR in a swine heart failure model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3698. [PMID: 35260607 PMCID: PMC8904633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In swine models, there are well-established protocols for creating a closed-chest myocardial infarction (MI) as well as protocols for characterization of cardiac function with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). This methods manuscript outlines a novel technique in CMR data acquisition utilizing smart-signal gradient recalled echo (GRE)-based array sequences in a free-breathing swine heart failure model allowing for both high spatial and temporal resolution imaging. Nine male Yucatan mini swine weighing 48.7 ± 1.6 kg at 58.2 ± 3.1 weeks old underwent the outlined imaging protocol before and 1-month after undergoing closed chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion/reperfusion. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was 59.3 ± 2.4% and decreased to 48.1 ± 3.7% 1-month post MI (P = 0.029). The average end-diastolic volume (EDV) at baseline was 55.2 ± 1.7 ml and increased to 74.2 ± 4.2 ml at 1-month post MI (P = 0.001). The resulting images from this novel technique and post-imaging analysis are presented and discussed. In a Yucatan swine model of heart failure via closed chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion/reperfusion, we found that CMR with GRE-based array sequences produced clinical-grade images with high spatial and temporal resolution in the free-breathing setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Morris
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Ref
- MD Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Satya Acharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin J Johnson
- Magnetic Resonance Research Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Squire
- Magnetic Resonance Research Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Tyler Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alice McArthur
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,MD-PhD Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jen Watson Koevary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Steven Goldman
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Avery
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 676 N Saint Clair, Suite 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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5
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Eze UU, Eke IG, Anakwue RC, Oguejiofor CF, Onyejekwe OB, Udeani IJ, Onunze CJ, Obed UJ, Eze AA, Anaga AO, Anene BM. Effects of Controlled Generator Fume Emissions on the Levels of Troponin I, C-Reactive Protein and Oxidative Stress Markers in Dogs: Exploring Air Pollution-Induced Cardiovascular Disease in a Low-Resource Country. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:1019-1032. [PMID: 34533688 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exhaust fumes from petrol/diesel-powered electric generators contribute significantly to air pollution in many developing countries, constituting health hazards to both humans and animals. This study evaluated the serum concentrations of Troponin I (TnI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum levels/activities of oxidative stress markers: catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in dogs experimentally exposed to graded levels of petrol generator exhaust fume (PGEF). Sixteen (16) healthy and adult male Basenji dogs were randomly assigned into four groups (A-D). Group A was the unexposed control while groups B, C and D were exposed to PGEF for 1, 2 and 3 h per day, respectively, for 90 days. Repeated analysis were performed at the baseline, and every thirty days, for a total of 90 days. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between the effects of PGEF exposure level (in h/day) and duration of exposure (in months) on all the tested serum parameters. There was a significant main effect (p < 0.05) for PGEF exposure level on the serum parameters. As the level of PGEF exposure was increased, the serum concentrations of TnI, CRP, CAT, MDA and NO increased, GSH decreased, whereas SOD activity increased by day 30 but declined at the end. Moreover, there was a significant simple main effect (p < 0.05) for duration of PGEF exposure. All the parameters increased as the duration of PGEF exposure was increased to 90 days except GSH concentration which decreased, whereas SOD activity increased initially but declined at the end of the study. Thus, there was increased serum concentrations of TnI, CRP and increased oxidative stress in the PGEF-exposed dogs. These findings are instructive and could be grounds for further studies on air pollutants-induced cardiovascular disease given the widespread use of electricity generators in many low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- U U Eze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I G Eke
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - R C Anakwue
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology/Therapeutics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria. .,Environment and Health Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - C F Oguejiofor
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O B Onyejekwe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I J Udeani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - C J Onunze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - U J Obed
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A A Eze
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A O Anaga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - B M Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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7
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Park MH, Zhu Y, Imbrie-Moore AM, Wang H, Marin-Cuartas M, Paulsen MJ, Woo YJ. Heart Valve Biomechanics: The Frontiers of Modeling Modalities and the Expansive Capabilities of Ex Vivo Heart Simulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:673689. [PMID: 34307492 PMCID: PMC8295480 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.673689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of heart valve biomechanics is a rapidly expanding, highly clinically relevant area of research. While most valvular pathologies are rooted in biomechanical changes, the technologies for studying these pathologies and identifying treatments have largely been limited. Nonetheless, significant advancements are underway to better understand the biomechanics of heart valves, pathologies, and interventional therapeutics, and these advancements have largely been driven by crucial in silico, ex vivo, and in vivo modeling technologies. These modalities represent cutting-edge abilities for generating novel insights regarding native, disease, and repair physiologies, and each has unique advantages and limitations for advancing study in this field. In particular, novel ex vivo modeling technologies represent an especially promising class of translatable research that leverages the advantages from both in silico and in vivo modeling to provide deep quantitative and qualitative insights on valvular biomechanics. The frontiers of this work are being discovered by innovative research groups that have used creative, interdisciplinary approaches toward recapitulating in vivo physiology, changing the landscape of clinical understanding and practice for cardiovascular surgery and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Park
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Annabel M Imbrie-Moore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mateo Marin-Cuartas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,University Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C. Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:899. [PMID: 33919808 PMCID: PMC8070848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation, and is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to the variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion; however, this therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI), often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - Kimberly Sesperez
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Eitan Ben-Sefer
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Arpon
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Silvis MJM, van Hout GPJ, Fiolet ATL, Dekker M, Bosch L, van Nieuwburg MMJ, Visser J, Jansen MS, Timmers L, de Kleijn DPV. Experimental parameters and infarct size in closed chest pig LAD ischemia reperfusion models; lessons learned. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33845779 PMCID: PMC8042863 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models that resemble the clinical setting as closely as possible are essential in translating promising therapies for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Closed chest pig left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ischemia reperfusion (I/R) models are valuable and clinically relevant. Knowledge on the influence of experimental design on infarct size (IS) in these models is a prerequisite for suitable models. To this end, we investigated the impact of several experimental features (occlusion and follow-up time and influence of area at risk (AAR)) on IS. METHODS A total of fifty-one female Landrace pigs were subjected to closed chest LAD balloon occlusion and evaluated in three substudies with varying protocols. To assess the relationship between time of occlusion and the IS, 18 pigs were subjected to 60-, 75- and 90 min of occlusion and terminated after 24 h of follow-up. Influence of prolonged follow-up on IS was studied in 18 pigs after 75 min of occlusion that were terminated at 1, 3 and 7 days. The relation between AAR and IS was studied in 28 pigs after 60 min of occlusion and 24 h of follow-up. The relation between VF, number of shocks and IS was studied in the same 28 pigs after 60 min of occlusion. RESULTS Increasing occlusion time resulted in an increased IS as a ratio of the AAR (IS/AAR). This ranged from 53 ± 23% after 60 min of occlusion to 88 ± 2.2% after 90 min (P = 0.01). Increasing follow-up, from 1 to 3 or 7 days after 75 min of occlusion did not effect IS/AAR. Increasing AAR led to a larger IS/AAR (r2 = 0.34, P = 0.002), earlier VF (r2 = 0.32, P = 0.027) and a higher number of shocks (r2 = 0.29, P = 0.004) in pigs subjected to 60 min of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS These experiments describe the association of occlusion time, follow-up duration, AAR and VF with IS in closed chest pig LAD I/R models. These results have important implications for future I/R studies in pigs and can serve as a guideline for the selection of appropriate parameters and the optimal experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J M Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P J van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aernoud T L Fiolet
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirthe Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce Visser
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlijn S Jansen
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Timmers
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Sharma P, Wang X, Ming CLC, Vettori L, Figtree G, Boyle A, Gentile C. Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003765. [PMID: 33464713 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. While reperfusion of the myocardium is critical to limit the ischemic damage typical of a MI event, it causes detrimental morphological and functional changes known as "reperfusion injury." This complex scenario is poorly represented in currently available models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. However, more recent bioengineered in vitro models of the human heart represent more clinically relevant tools to prevent and treat MI in patients. These include 3D cultures of cardiac cells, the use of patient-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting technology. This review aims at highlighting the major features typical of a heart attack while comparing current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This information has the potential to further guide in developing novel advanced in vitro cardiac models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It may pave the way for the generation of advanced pathophysiological cardiac models with the potential to develop personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Vettori
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gemma Figtree
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Andrew Boyle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Building 11, Level 10, Room 115, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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11
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Torregroza C, Raupach A, Feige K, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Perioperative Cardioprotection: General Mechanisms and Pharmacological Approaches. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1765-1780. [PMID: 33186163 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotection encompasses a variety of strategies protecting the heart against myocardial injury that occurs during and after inadequate blood supply to the heart during myocardial infarction. While restoring reperfusion is crucial for salvaging myocardium from further damage, paradoxically, it itself accounts for additional cell death-a phenomenon named ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are necessary to render the heart protected against myocardial infarction. Ischemic pre- and postconditioning, by short periods of sublethal cardiac ischemia and reperfusion, are still the strongest mechanisms to achieve cardioprotection. However, it is highly impractical and far too invasive for clinical use. Fortunately, it can be mimicked pharmacologically, for example, by volatile anesthetics, noble gases, opioids, propofol, dexmedetomidine, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. These substances are all routinely used in the clinical setting and seem promising candidates for successful translation of cardioprotection from experimental protocols to clinical trials. This review presents the fundamental mechanisms of conditioning strategies and provides an overview of the most recent and relevant findings on different concepts achieving cardioprotection in the experimental setting, specifically emphasizing pharmacological approaches in the perioperative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Torregroza
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Raupach
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Feige
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina C Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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12
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Rusiecka OM, Montgomery J, Morel S, Batista-Almeida D, Van Campenhout R, Vinken M, Girao H, Kwak BR. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Connexin43 in Cardioprotection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091225. [PMID: 32842488 PMCID: PMC7563275 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, ischemic heart disease has been the world’s leading cause of death. Developing effective clinical cardioprotection strategies would make a significant impact in improving both quality of life and longevity in the worldwide population. Both ex vivo and in vivo animal models of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are robustly used in research. Connexin43 (Cx43), the predominant gap junction channel-forming protein in cardiomyocytes, has emerged as a cardioprotective target. Cx43 posttranslational modifications as well as cellular distribution are altered during cardiac reperfusion injury, inducing phosphorylation states and localization detrimental to maintaining intercellular communication and cardiac conduction. Pre- (before ischemia) and post- (after ischemia but before reperfusion) conditioning can abrogate this injury process, preserving Cx43 and reducing cell death. Pre-/post-conditioning has been shown to largely rely on the presence of Cx43, including mitochondrial Cx43, which is implicated to play a major role in pre-conditioning. Posttranslational modifications of Cx43 after injury alter the protein interactome, inducing negative protein cascades and altering protein trafficking, which then causes further damage post-I/R injury. Recently, several peptides based on the Cx43 sequence have been found to successfully diminish cardiac injury in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jade Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniela Batista-Almeida
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Protective effect of intermediate doses of hydrogen sulfide against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2020; 256:117855. [PMID: 32473245 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have lower circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels following myocardial ischemia and a higher risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent favorable effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats with T2D. METHODS T2D was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose of streptozotocin. Rats were divided into control, T2D, and T2D + NaSH groups. NaSH (0.28, 0.56, 1.6, 2.8, and 5.6 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 9 weeks. At the end of the study, heart from all rats were isolated and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the peak rates of positive and negative changes in LV pressure (±dp/dt) were recorded during baseline and following myocardial IR injury. In addition, infarct size as well as mRNA expression of H2S- and nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzymes were measured. RESULTS In diabetic rats, NaSH only at doses of 0.56 and 1.6 mg/kg increased recovery of LVDP (16% and 42%), +dp/dt (25% and 35%) and -dp/dt (23% and 32%) as well as decreased infarct size (44% and 35%). At these doses, NaSH increased expressions of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) (440% and 271%) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (232% and 148%) but it decreased the expressions of inducible NOS (iNOS) (55% and 71%). NaSH at 0.28, 2.8 and 5.6 mg/kg had no significant effects on these parameters. CONCLUSION NaSH had a bell-shaped cardioprotective effect against myocardial IR injury in rats with T2D. Higher tolerance to IR injury in heart isolated from type 2 diabetic rats treated with intermediate doses of NaSH is associated with higher CSE-derived H2S and eNOS-derived NO as well as lower iNOS-derived NO.
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14
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Wang J, Liu J, Xie L, Cai X, Ma X, Gong J. Bisoprolol, a β 1 antagonist, protects myocardial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:708-720. [PMID: 32363697 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to explore whether bisoprolol plays a protective role in cardiomyocytes against ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway. We pretreated male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with bisoprolol by oral administration prior to 0.5 h ischemia/4 h reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and serum levels of cTnI and CK-MB were measured. In vitro, H9c2 cells were treated with hypoxia and reoxygenation, followed by measurement of cell viability, apoptosis, ROS production, cytometry, activities of AKT, GSK3β, and p-38 in the presence and absence of GSK3β siRNA. We found that bisoprolol reduced infarct size from 44% in I/R group to 31% in treated group (P < 0.05). The levels of cTnI and CK-MB were decreased from 286 ± 7 pg/mL and 32.2 ± 2 ng/mL in I/R group to 196 ± 2 pg/mL and 19.6 ± 0.9 ng/mL in the treated group, respectively (P < 0.05). Bisoprolol also increased cell viability while decreased apoptosis and ROS production in the treatment of hypoxia/ reoxygenation. Furthermore, bisoprolol increased AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, an effect that was immediately eliminated by LY294002. GSK3β-specific siRNA experiment further confirmed that bisoprolol protected the myocardium against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via suppressing GSK3β activity. In conclusion, bisoprolol protected myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/ GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Ahsan F, Mahmood T, Usmani S, Bagga P, Shamim A, Tiwari R, Verma N, Siddiqui MH. A conglomeration of preclinical models related to myocardial infarction. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neeraj Verma
- Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, India
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16
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Swift LM, Jaimes R, McCullough D, Burke M, Reilly M, Maeda T, Zhang H, Ishibashi N, Rogers JM, Posnack NG. Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31762469 DOI: 10.3791/60472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small animal models are most commonly used in cardiovascular research due to the availability of genetically modified species and lower cost compared to larger animals. Yet, larger mammals are better suited for translational research questions related to normal cardiac physiology, pathophysiology, and preclinical testing of therapeutic agents. To overcome the technical barriers associated with employing a larger animal model in cardiac research, we describe an approach to measure physiological parameters in an isolated, Langendorff-perfused piglet heart. This approach combines two powerful experimental tools to evaluate the state of the heart: electrophysiology (EP) study and simultaneous optical mapping of transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium using parameter sensitive dyes (RH237, Rhod2-AM). The described methodologies are well suited for translational studies investigating the cardiac conduction system, alterations in action potential morphology, calcium handling, excitation-contraction coupling and the incidence of cardiac alternans or arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther M Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital
| | - Rafael Jaimes
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital
| | - Damon McCullough
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital
| | - Morgan Burke
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital
| | - Marissa Reilly
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital
| | - Jack M Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital; Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University;
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17
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Harutyunyan G, Avitsian R. Revisiting Ischemia After Brain Injury: Oxygen May Not Be the Only Problem. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2019; 32:5-8. [PMID: 31651550 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurgen Harutyunyan
- Emergency Physician, Hospital 9 de Octubre, NISA/VITHA0S Valencia, Spain
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18
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García Gómez-Heras S, Largo C, Larrea JL, Vega-Clemente L, Calderón Flores M, Ruiz-Pérez D, García-Olmo D, García-Arranz M. Main histological parameters to be evaluated in an experimental model of myocardial infarct treated by stem cells on pigs. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7160. [PMID: 31367480 PMCID: PMC6657680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has been carefully studied in numerous experimental models. Most of these models are based on electrophysiological and functional data, and pay less attention to histological discoveries. During the last decade, treatment using advanced therapies, mainly cell therapy, has prevailed from among all the options to be studied for treating myocardial infarction. In our study we wanted to show the fundamental histological parameters to be evaluated during the development of an infarction on an experimental model as well as treatment with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue applied intra-lesionally. The fundamental parameters to study in infarcted tissue at the histological level are the cells involved in the inflammatory process (lymphocytes, macrophages and M2, neutrophils, mast cells and plasma cells), neovascularization processes (capillaries and arterioles) and cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers). In our study, we used intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells into the myocardial infarction area 1 hour after arterial occlusion and allowed 1 month of evolution before analyzing the modifications on the normal tissue inflammatory infiltrate. Acute inflammation was shortened, leading to chronic inflammation with abundant plasma cells and mast cells and complete disappearance of neutrophils. Another benefit was an increase in the number of vessels formed. Cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers were better conserved, both from a structural and metabolic point of view, possibly leading to reduced morbidity in the long term. With this study we present the main histological aspects to be evaluated in future assays, complementing or explaining the electrophysiological and functional findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlota Largo
- Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Larrea
- Surgical Cardiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Vega-Clemente
- Cell Therapy laboratory, Health Research Institute, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Ruiz-Pérez
- Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- Cell Therapy laboratory, Health Research Institute, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- Cell Therapy laboratory, Health Research Institute, Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Fan Y, Lu M, Yu XA, He M, Zhang Y, Ma XN, Kou J, Yu BY, Tian J. Targeted Myocardial Hypoxia Imaging Using a Nitroreductase-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6585-6592. [PMID: 30994329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a highly selective and sensitive imaging probe for accurate detection of myocardial hypoxia will be helpful to estimate the degree of ischemia and subsequently guide personalized treatment. However, an efficient optical approach for hypoxia monitoring in myocardial ischemia is still lacking. In this work, a cardiomyocyte-specific and nitroreductase-activatable near-infrared nanoprobe has been developed for selective and sensitive imaging of myocardial hypoxia. The nanoprobe is a liposome-based nanoarchitecture which is functionalized with a peptide (GGGGDRVYIHPF) for targeting heart cells and encapsulating a nitrobenzene-substituted BODIPY for nitroreductase imaging. The nanoprobe can specifically recognize and bind to angiotensin II type 1 receptor that is overexpressed on the ischemic heart cells by the peptide and is subsequently uptaken into heart cells, in which the probe is released and activated by hypoxia-related nitroreductase to produce fluorescence emission at 713 nm. The in vitro response of the nanoprobe toward nitroreductase resulted in 55-fold fluorescence enhancement with the limit of detection as low as 7.08 ng/mL. Confocal fluorescence imaging confirmed the successful uptake of nanoprobe by hypoxic heart cells and intracellular detection of nitroreductase. More significantly, in vivo imaging of hypoxia in a murine model of myocardial ischemia was achieved by the nanoprobe with high sensitivity and good biocompatibility. Therefore, this work presents a new tool for targeted detection of myocardial hypoxia and will promote the investigation of the hypoxia-related physiological and pathological process of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Mi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Xie-An Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Miaoling He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , P.R. China
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20
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Bonetti A, Marchini M, Ortolani F. Ectopic mineralization in heart valves: new insights from in vivo and in vitro procalcific models and promising perspectives on noncalcifiable bioengineered valves. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:2126-2143. [PMID: 31285908 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification of native and bioprosthetic heart valves represents a major public health problem causing severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Valve procalcific degeneration is known to be caused mainly by calcium salt precipitation onto membranes of suffering non-scavenged cells and dead-cell-derived products acting as major hydroxyapatite nucleators. Although etiopathogenesis of calcification in native valves is still far from being exhaustively elucidated, it is well known that bioprosthesis mineralization may be primed by glutaraldehyde-mediated toxicity for xenografts, cryopreservation-related damage for allografts and graft immune rejection for both. Instead, mechanical valves, which are free from calcification, are extremely thrombogenic, requiring chronic anticoagulation therapies for transplanted patients. Since surgical substitution of failed valves is still the leading therapeutic option, progressive improvements in tissue engineering techniques are crucial to attain readily available valve implants with good biocompatibility, proper functionality and long-term durability in order to meet the considerable clinical demand for valve substitutes. Bioengineered valves obtained from acellular non-valvular scaffolds or decellularized native valves are proving to be a compelling alternative to mechanical and bioprosthetic valve implants, as they appear to permit repopulation by the host's own cells with associated tissue remodelling, growth and repair, besides showing less propensity to calcification and adequate hemodynamic performances. In this review, insights into valve calcification onset as revealed by in vivo and in vitro procalcific models are updated as well as advances in the field of valve bioengineering.
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21
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Yan Z, Guo R, Gan L, Lau WB, Cao X, Zhao J, Ma X, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Wang Y. Withaferin A inhibits apoptosis via activated Akt-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 211:91-101. [PMID: 30213729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a withanolide derived from medicinal plant Withania somnifera, possesses anti-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory activities against various cancer cells. However, the role of WFA in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unclear. In the present study, we determined whether WFA may regulate cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that WFA enhanced H9c2 cells survival ability against simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the enhanced oxidative stress induced by SI/R was inhibited by WFA. Among the multiple antioxidant molecules determined, antioxidants SOD2, SOD3, Prdx-1 was obviously upregulated by WFA. When Akt inhibitor IV was administrated, WFA's suppression effect on oxidative stress was obviously abolished. Additional experiments demonstrated that WFA successfully inhibited H2O2 induced upregulation of SOD2, SOD3, and Prdx-1, ameliorated cardiomyocyte caspase-3 activity via an Akt dependent manner. Collectively, these results support the therapeutic potential of WFA against cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and highlight the application of WFA in cardiovascular diseases holding great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Development of a Porcine Model of Coronary Stenosis Using Fully Percutaneous Techniques Suitable For Performing Cardiac Computed Tomography, CT-Perfusion Imaging and Fractional Flow Reserve. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:1292-1300. [PMID: 30054125 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and describe percutaneous coronary angiographic techniques to create a porcine model of acute coronary stenosis with methacrylate plugs that can by assessed using fractional flow reserve (FFR), invasive coronary angiography and coronary computed tomographic (CT) perfusion imaging without introducing artefacts associated with surgical models. METHODS Following animal care and institutional approval and using percutaneous coronary catheterisation techniques within an animal laboratory we introduced precision drilled methacrylate plugs into one of the three main coronary arteries of 10 experimental female pigs. Coronary pressure wire measurements were performed across the experimental stenosis for the calculation of FFR. Invasive coronary angiograms were obtained in stenosed arteries. Animals were transported to a dual source CT scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Forcheim, Germany) and CT perfusion imaging was performed. RESULTS Ten (10) pigs were investigated with seven data sets obtained. Three (3) pigs expired prior to CT imaging secondary to pneumothorax, high grade coronary stenosis with induced cardiac arrhythmia and iatrogenic air embolism. Graded coronary stenosis was produced in six pigs in the LAD (2), LCX (2) and RCA (2) territories and one animal served as a control. Fractional flow reserve ranged from 0.21 to 0.91. Myocardial blood flow derived from dynamic CT perfusion imaging ranged from 3.5 to 136.7ml/100ml of tissue/minute. No artefacts from the deployment of the methacrylate plug, nor the plug itself, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Fully percutaneous preparation of a pig model of acute coronary stenosis is feasible and provides subjects for imaging that are free of surgically induced artefact. This technique is substantially less expensive than surgically induced coronary stenosis and can be performed using standard catheterisation techniques with mobile imaging equipment. The technique is extendable to produce multivessel acute coronary stenosis and can be used for multimodality imaging.
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Hafez P, Chowdhury SR, Jose S, Law JX, Ruszymah BHI, Mohd Ramzisham AR, Ng MH. Development of an In Vitro Cardiac Ischemic Model Using Primary Human Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:529-538. [PMID: 29948837 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing experimental models to study ischemic heart disease is necessary for understanding of biological mechanisms to improve the therapeutic approaches for restoring cardiomyocytes function following injury. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro hypoxic/re-oxygenation model of ischemia using primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM) and define subsequent cytotoxic effects. HCM were cultured in serum and glucose free medium in hypoxic condition with 1% O2 ranging from 30 min to 12 h. The optimal hypoxic exposure time was determined using Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) as the hypoxic marker. Subsequently, the cells were moved to normoxic condition for 3, 6 and 9 h to replicate the re-oxygenation phase. Optimal period of hypoxic/re-oxygenation was determined based on 50% mitochondrial injury via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cytotoxicity via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. It was found that the number of cells expressing HIF-1α increased with hypoxic time and 3 h was sufficient to stimulate the expression of this marker in all the cells. Upon re-oxygenation, mitochondrial activity reduced significantly whereas the cytotoxicity increased significantly with time. Six hours of re-oxygenation was optimal to induce reversible cell injury. The injury became irreversible after 9 h as indicated by > 60% LDH leakage compared to the control group cultured in normal condition. Under optimized hypoxic reoxygenation experimental conditions, mesenchymal stem cells formed nanotube with ischemic HCM and facilitated transfer of mitochondria suggesting the feasibility of using this as a model system to study molecular mechanisms of myocardial injury and rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Hafez
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiplu R Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shinsmon Jose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohd Ramzisham
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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Modersohn D, Eddicks S, Grosse-Siestrup C, Ast I, Holinski S, Konertz W. Isolated hemoperfused heart model of slaughterhouse pigs. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880102400409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A model of hemoperfused slaughterhouse pighearts is described providing a wide range of applications which leads to a reduction in animal experiments. The size of a pigheart, heart rate, coronary perfusion, metabolism, etc. are more comparable to conditions in patients than those in hearts of small laboratory animals. Global heart function can be assessed either by measuring stroke volume, ejection fraction, Emaxetc. in the working model or by measuring intraventricular pressure with balloon catheters in the isovolumetric model. Regional cardiac function can be measured by sonomicrometry and ischemic and non-ischemic areas can be compared. Local metabolic changes are measurable as well with microdialysis. Cardiac function can be kept on any given functional level by infusion of norepinephrine in spite of the fact that functional parameters are lower without adrenergic drive in vitro than in vivo. Stable heart function can be maintained for several hours with only 500 to 1000 ml of blood because the blood is permanently regenerated by a special dialysis system. This model can be applied in many research projects dealing with reperfusion injuries, inotropic, antiarrhythmic or arrhythmogenic effects of certain drugs, immunological rejection, evaluation of imaging systems (NMR, echocardiography etc.) or cardiac assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I. Ast
- Mediport Biotechnik GmbH, Berlin - Germany
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25
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Zwetsloot PP, Kouwenberg LHJA, Sena ES, Eding JE, den Ruijter HM, Sluijter JPG, Pasterkamp G, Doevendans PA, Hoefer IE, Chamuleau SAJ, van Hout GPJ, Jansen Of Lorkeers SJ. Optimization of large animal MI models; a systematic analysis of control groups from preclinical studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14218. [PMID: 29079786 PMCID: PMC5660150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animal models are essential for the development of novel therapeutics for myocardial infarction. To optimize translation, we need to assess the effect of experimental design on disease outcome and model experimental design to resemble the clinical course of MI. The aim of this study is therefore to systematically investigate how experimental decisions affect outcome measurements in large animal MI models. We used control animal-data from two independent meta-analyses of large animal MI models. All variables of interest were pre-defined. We performed univariable and multivariable meta-regression to analyze whether these variables influenced infarct size and ejection fraction. Our analyses incorporated 246 relevant studies. Multivariable meta-regression revealed that infarct size and cardiac function were influenced independently by choice of species, sex, co-medication, occlusion type, occluded vessel, quantification method, ischemia duration and follow-up duration. We provide strong systematic evidence that commonly used endpoints significantly depend on study design and biological variation. This makes direct comparison of different study-results difficult and calls for standardized models. Researchers should take this into account when designing large animal studies to most closely mimic the clinical course of MI and enable translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zwetsloot
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - L H J A Kouwenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E S Sena
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J E Eding
- Hubrecht Institute, Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen (KNAW), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H M den Ruijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Pasterkamp
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I E Hoefer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G P J van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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MR Assessment of Acute Pathologic Process after Myocardial Infarction in a Permanent Ligation Mouse Model: Role of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Contrasted MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:2870802. [PMID: 29114174 PMCID: PMC5664276 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2870802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between myocardial infarct size and inflammatory response using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mouse model. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 14 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), and magnetofluorescent nanoparticle MRI (MNP-MRI) were performed 1, 2, and 3 days after MI, respectively. The size of the enhanced lesion was quantitatively determined using Otsu's thresholding method in area-based and sector-based approaches and was compared statistically. Linear correlation between the enhanced lesion sizes was evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficients. Differences were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. The size of the inflammatory area determined by MNP-MRI (57.1 ± 10.1%) was significantly larger than that of the infarct area measured by LGE (40.8 ± 11.7%, P < 0.0001) and MEMRI (44.1 ± 14.9%, P < 0.0001). There were significant correlations between the sizes of the infarct and inflammatory lesions (MNP-MRI versus LGE: r = 0.3418, P = 0.0099; MNP-MRI versus MEMRI: r = 0.4764, P = 0.0002). MNP-MRI provides information about inflammatory responses in a mouse model of AMI. Thus, MNP-MRI associated with LGE and MEMRI may play an important role in monitoring the disease progression in MI.
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Catalpol protects glucose-deprived rat embryonic cardiac cells by inducing mitophagy and modulating estrogen receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:973-982. [PMID: 28292026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, a bioactive component from Rehmannia glutinosa (Di Huang), has been widely used to protect cardiomyocytes against myocardial ischemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects of Catalpol on glucose-starved H9c2 cells for cardio-protection and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here, we showed that Catalpol protected the glucose-starved H9c2 cells through reducing apoptosis and attenuating oxidative damage. Moreover, the increases of autophagic lysosomes, LC3, autophagic flux and autophagic vacuole were observed in Catalpol-treated cells using flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope. Western blotting analyses showed that the autophagy-related proteins (LC3, Beclin1 and ULK) were markedly increased in Catalpol-treated cells, suggesting that Catalpol up-regulated autophagy in glucose starved H9c2 cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA markedly abrogated Catalpol's anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects and prevented Catalpol-induced mitophagy. Furthermore, the estrogen receptor inhibitor tamoxifen significantly abolished Catalpol up-regulation of mitophagic related proteins (LC3, Beclin 1, p62, ATG5). Collectively, these data revealed that Catalpol inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress in glucose-deprived H9c2 cell through promoting cell mitophagy and modulating estrogen receptor, supporting the notion that Catalpol could be a novel drug candidate against myocardial ischemia for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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28
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Hu F, Zhai N, Gao W, Wu P, Luo Y, Pan D, Liu Y, Li D. Outer Balloon Ligation Increases Success Rate of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167631. [PMID: 27907155 PMCID: PMC5132321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a growing public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Experimental animal models provide valuable tools for studying myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe a new method (outer balloon ligation) to induce myocardial I/R injury in mice. METHODS Ninety-nine male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, classic method group (I/R-C) and the new method group (I/R-N). The surgical procedure and recovery time were recorded. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, cTnT and LDH were detected by ELISA kits. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to assess neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, surgical survival, myocardial infarction areas, and cardiac function measurements were also recorded. RESULTS The reperfusion operation time in the I/R-N group were markedly less than the I/R-C group (14.73±2.86 vs. 168.60±33.01 sec, p <0.0001). Similarly, the recovery time in I/R-N group was shorter than the I/R-C group (45.39±15.39 vs. 101.70±19.33 min, p <0.0001). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in I/R-N group were also markedly lower than in I/R-C group (136.5±22.21 vs. 170.5±24.79 pg/ml, p <0.05 and 100.3±23.74 vs. 144.40±22.24 pg/ml, p <0.001). Compared I/R-N group with I/R-C group, the levels of neutrophil infiltration, cTnT and LDH had no significant differences. Surgical survival rate was 96.7% in the I/R-N group, which was significantly improved compared to the rate of 80% in the I/R-C group. However, there were no significant differences in the areas of myocardial infarction and cardiac function between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the classic method, our new method of inducing myocardial I/R injury has higher efficiency and less tissue damage in mice, but achieves the same modeling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwang Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Pryds K, Bøttcher M, Sloth AD, Munk K, Rahbek Schmidt M, Bøtker HE. Influence of preinfarction angina and coronary collateral blood flow on the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013314. [PMID: 27884851 PMCID: PMC5168541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) confers cardioprotection in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We investigated whether preinfarction angina and coronary collateral blood flow (CCBF) to the infarct-related artery modify the efficacy of RIC. DESIGN Post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS A total of 139 patients with STEMI randomised to treatment with pPCI or RIC+pPCI. INTERVENTIONS RIC was performed prior to pPCI as four cycles of 5 min upper arm ischaemia and reperfusion with a blood pressure cuff. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Myocardial salvage index (MSI) assessed by single-photon emission computerised tomography. We evaluated the efficacy of RIC in subgroups of patients with or without preinfarction angina or CCBF. RESULTS Of 139 patients included in the study, 109 had available data for preinfarction angina status and 54 had preinfarction angina. Among 83 patients with Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1 on arrival, 43 had CCBF. Overall, RIC+pPCI increased median MSI compared with pPCI alone (0.75 vs 0.56, p=0.045). Mean MSI did not differ between patients with and without preinfarction angina in either the pPCI alone (0.58 and 0.57; 95% CI -0.17 to 0.19, p=0.94) or the RIC+pPCI group (0.66 and 0.69; 95% CI -0.18 to 0.10, p=0.58). Mean MSI did not differ between patients with and without CCBF in the pPCI alone group (0.51 and 0.55; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.13, p=0.64), but was increased in patients with CCBF versus without CCBF in the RIC+pPCI group (0.75 vs 0.58; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.31, p=0.02; effect modification from CCBF on the effect of RIC on MSI, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Preinfarction angina did not modify the efficacy of RIC in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI. CCBF to the infarct-related artery seems to be of importance for the cardioprotective efficacy of RIC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00435266, Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Pryds
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Bøttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Unit West, Herning, Denmark
| | - Astrid Drivsholm Sloth
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Munk
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and mammals: lessons for human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1367-1378. [PMID: 27812722 PMCID: PMC5357290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes proliferate profusely during early development and for a brief period after birth in mammals. Within a month after birth, this proliferative capability is dramatically reduced in mammals unlike lower vertebrates where it persists into adult life. The zebrafish, for example, retains the ability to regenerate the apex of the heart following resection by a mechanism predominantly driven by cardiomyocyte proliferation. Differences in proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes in adulthood between mammals and lower vertebrates are closely liked to ontogenetic or phylogenetic factors. Elucidation of these factors has the potential to provide enormous benefits if they lead to the development of therapeutic strategies that facilitate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we highlight the differences between Mammalian and Zebrafish cardiomyocytes, which could explain at least in part the different proliferative capacities in these two species. We discuss the advantages of the zebrafish as a model of cardiomyocyte proliferation, particularly at the embryonic stage. We also identify a number of key molecular pathways with potential to reveal key steps in switching cardiomyocytes from a quiescent to a proliferative phenotype.
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31
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Bachner-Hinenzon N, Shlomo L, Khamis H, Ertracht O, Vered Z, Malka A, Binah O, Adam D. Detection of small subendocardial infarction using speckle tracking echocardiography in a rat model. Echocardiography 2016; 33:1571-1578. [PMID: 27400368 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is challenging to detect small nontransmural infarcts visually or automatically. As it is important to detect myocardial infarction (MI) at early stages, we tested the hypothesis that small nontransmural MI can be detected using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) at the acute stage. METHODS Minimal nontransmural infarcts were induced in 18 rats by causing recurrent ischemia-reperfusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, followed by a 30-min ligation and by reperfusion. A week later, the scar size was measured by histological analysis. Each rat underwent three echocardiography measurements: at baseline, 1 day post-MI, and 1 week post-MI. To measure the peak circumferential strain (CS), peak systolic CS, radial strain (RS), and time-to-peak (TTP) of the CS, short-axis view of the apex was analyzed by a STE program. The TTP was normalized by the duration of the heart cycle to create percent change of heart cycle. RESULTS Histological analysis after 1 week showed scar size of 4±6% at the anterior wall. At 24 h post-MI, the peak CS, peak systolic CS, and RS were reduced compared to baseline at the anterior wall due to the MI, and at the adjacent segments-the anterior septum and lateral wall, due to stunning (P<.05). However, only the anterior wall, the genuine damaged segment, showed prolonged TTP vs baseline (baseline 36%, 24 h 48%, P<.05). CONCLUSION The TTP of the CS can distinguish between regions adjacent to MI (stunned or tethered) and MI, even in small nontransmural infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liron Shlomo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanan Khamis
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Offir Ertracht
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Zvi Vered
- Department of Cardiology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Malka
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Adam
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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32
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Tourki B, Matéo P, Morand J, Elayeb M, Godin-Ribuot D, Marrakchi N, Belaidi E, Messadi E. Lebetin 2, a Snake Venom-Derived Natriuretic Peptide, Attenuates Acute Myocardial Ischemic Injury through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore at the Time of Reperfusion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162632. [PMID: 27618302 PMCID: PMC5019389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is now well established that natriuretic peptides can attenuate the development of irreversible ischemic injury during myocardial infarction. Lebetin 2 (L2) is a new discovered peptide isolated from Macrovipera lebetina venom with structural similarity to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Our objectives were to define the acute cardioprotective actions of L2 in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts after regional or global ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We studied infarct size, left ventricular contractile recovery, survival protein kinases and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in injured myocardium. L2 dosage was determined by preliminary experiments at its ability to induce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) release without changing hemodynamic effects in normoxic hearts. L2 was found to be as effective as BNP in reducing infarct size after the induction of either regional or global IR. Both peptides equally improved contractile recovery after regional IR, but only L2 increased coronary flow and reduced severe contractile dysfunction after global ischemia. Cardioprotection afforded by L2 was abolished after isatin or 5-hydroxydecanote pretreatment suggesting the involvement of natriuretic peptide receptors and mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channels in the L2-induced effects. L2 also increased survival protein expression in the reperfused myocardium as evidenced by phosphorylation of signaling pathways PKCε/ERK/GSK3β and PI3K/Akt/eNOS. IR induced mitochondrial pore opening, but this effect was markedly prevented by L2 treatment. These data show that L2 has strong cardioprotective effect in acute ischemia through stimulation of natriuretic peptide receptors. These beneficial effects are mediated, at least in part, by mitoKATP channel opening and downstream activated survival kinases, thus delaying mPTP opening and improving IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Tourki
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques (LR11IPT08) et Plateforme de Physiologie et de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université Carthage Tunis, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Matéo
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, UMR-S 1180, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Morand
- Laboratoire d’Hypoxie et Physiopathologie Cardiaque, Inserm U1042, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Elayeb
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques (LR11IPT08) et Plateforme de Physiologie et de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- Laboratoire d’Hypoxie et Physiopathologie Cardiaque, Inserm U1042, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques (LR11IPT08) et Plateforme de Physiologie et de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elise Belaidi
- Laboratoire d’Hypoxie et Physiopathologie Cardiaque, Inserm U1042, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Erij Messadi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques (LR11IPT08) et Plateforme de Physiologie et de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
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Ravindran S, Ansari Banu S, Kurian GA. Hydrogen sulfide preconditioning shows differential protection towards interfibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria from isolated rat heart subjected to revascularization injury. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:306-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Ebert AD, Diecke S, Chen IY, Wu JC. Reprogramming and transdifferentiation for cardiovascular development and regenerative medicine: where do we stand? EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1090-103. [PMID: 26183451 PMCID: PMC4568945 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201504395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality and a major worldwide healthcare burden. Recent advances in stem cell biology have made it feasible to derive large quantities of cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. The discoveries of reprogramming and transdifferentiation as novel biological processes have significantly contributed to this paradigm. This review surveys the means by which reprogramming and transdifferentiation can be employed to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The application of these patient-specific cardiomyocytes for both in vitro disease modeling and in vivo therapies for various cardiovascular diseases will also be discussed. We propose that, with additional refinement, human disease-specific cardiomyocytes will allow us to significantly advance the understanding of cardiovascular disease mechanisms and accelerate the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian Y Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kumar M, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Dahiya V, Sharma D, Kumar V, Lahkar M. Animal models of myocardial infarction: Mainstay in clinical translation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 76:221-30. [PMID: 26988997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models with high prognostic power are a prerequisite for translational research. The closer the similarity of a model to myocardial infarction (MI), the higher is the prognostic value for clinical trials. An ideal MI model should present cardinal signs and pathology that resemble the human disease. The increasing understanding of MI stratification and etiology, however, complicates the choice of animal model for preclinical studies. An ultimate animal model, relevant to address all MI related pathophysiology is yet to be developed. However, many of the existing MI models comprising small and large animals are useful in answering specific questions. An appropriate MI model should be selected after considering both the context of the research question and the model properties. This review addresses the strengths, and limitations of current MI models for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Eshvendar Reddy Kasala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshmi Narendra Bodduluru
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Vicky Dahiya
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
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Eisenmann ED, Rorabaugh BR, Zoladz PR. Acute Stress Decreases but Chronic Stress Increases Myocardial Sensitivity to Ischemic Injury in Rodents. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27199778 PMCID: PMC4843048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest cause of mortality worldwide, and stress is a significant contributor to the development of CVD. The relationship between acute and chronic stress and CVD is well evidenced. Acute stress can lead to arrhythmias and ischemic injury. However, recent evidence in rodent models suggests that acute stress can decrease sensitivity to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Conversely, chronic stress is arrhythmogenic and increases sensitivity to myocardial IRI. Few studies have examined the impact of validated animal models of stress-related psychological disorders on the ischemic heart. This review examines the work that has been completed using rat models to study the effects of stress on myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury. Utilization of animal models of stress-related psychological disorders is critical in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders in patients experiencing stress-related psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Eisenmann
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University , Ada, OH , USA
| | - Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Northern University , Ada, OH , USA
| | - Phillip R Zoladz
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University , Ada, OH , USA
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Langhorn R, Willesen JL. Cardiac Troponins in Dogs and Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:36-50. [PMID: 26681537 PMCID: PMC4913658 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. The troponin concentration can be thought of as a quantitative measure of the degree of injury sustained by the heart, however, it provides no information on the cause of injury or the mechanism of troponin release. Conventionally, the cardiac troponins have been used for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in humans and have become the gold standard biomarkers for this indication. They have become increasingly recognized as an objective measure of cardiomyocyte status in both cardiac and noncardiac disease, supplying additional information to that provided by echocardiography and ECG. Injury to cardiomyocytes can occur through a variety of mechanisms with subsequent release of troponins. Independent of the underlying disease or the mechanism of troponin release, the presence of myocardial injury is associated with an increased risk of death. As increasingly sensitive assays are introduced, the frequent occurrence of myocardial injury is becoming apparent, and our understanding of its causes and importance is constantly evolving. Presently troponins are valuable for detecting a subgroup of patients with higher risk of death. Future research is needed to clarify whether troponins can serve as monitoring tools guiding treatment, whether administering more aggressive treatment to patients with evidence of myocardial injury is beneficial, and whether normalizing of troponin concentrations in patients presenting with evidence of myocardial injury is associated with reduced risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Langhorn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - J L Willesen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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van Hout GPJ, Jansen of Lorkeers SJ, Wever KE, Sena ES, Kouwenberg LHJA, van Solinge WW, Macleod MR, Doevendans PA, Pasterkamp G, Chamuleau SAJ, Hoefer IE. Translational failure of anti-inflammatory compounds for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of large animal models. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:240-8. [PMID: 26487693 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Numerous anti-inflammatory drugs have been tested in large animal studies of myocardial infarction (MI). Despite positive results, translation of anti-inflammatory strategies into clinical practice has proved to be difficult. Critical disparities between preclinical and clinical study design that influence efficacy may partly be responsible for this translational failure. The aim of the present systematic review was to better understand which factors underlie the failure of transition towards the clinic. METHODS AND RESULTS Meta-analysis and regression of large animal studies were performed to identify sources that influenced effect size of anti-inflammatory compounds in large animal models of MI. We included 183 studies, containing 3331 large animals. Infarct size (IS) as a ratio of the area at risk (12.7%; 95% confidence interval, CI 11.1-14.4%, P < 0.001) and IS as a ratio of the left ventricle (3.9%; 95% CI 3.1-4.7%, P < 0.001) were reduced in treatment compared with control groups. Effect size was higher when outcome was assessed early after MI (P = 0.013) and where studies included only male animals (P < 0.001). Mortality in treated animals was higher in studies that blinded the investigator during the experiment (P = 0.041) and depended on the type of drug used (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As expected, treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs leads to smaller infarct size in large animal MI models. Timing of outcome assessment, sex, and study quality are significantly associated with outcome and may explain part of the translational failure in clinical settings. Effect size depends on the type of drug used, enabling identification of compounds for future clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardus P J van Hout
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kimberly E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisanne H J A Kouwenberg
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W van Solinge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malcolm R Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Zaman J, Jeddi S, Daneshpour MS, Zarkesh M, Daneshian Z, Ghasemi A. Ischemic postconditioning provides cardioprotective and antiapoptotic effects against ischemia–reperfusion injury through iNOS inhibition in hyperthyroid rats. Gene 2015; 570:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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McCafferty K, Forbes S, Thiemermann C, Yaqoob MM. The challenge of translating ischemic conditioning from animal models to humans: the role of comorbidities. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:1321-33. [PMID: 25481012 PMCID: PMC4257001 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a period of ischemia (local restriction of blood supply to a tissue), the restoration of blood supply to the affected area causes significant tissue damage. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and is a central pathological mechanism contributing to many common disease states. The medical complications caused by IRI in individuals with cerebrovascular or heart disease are a leading cause of death in developed countries. IRI is also of crucial importance in fields as diverse as solid organ transplantation, acute kidney injury and following major surgery, where post-operative organ dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Given its clinical impact, novel interventions are urgently needed to minimize the effects of IRI, not least to save lives but also to reduce healthcare costs. In this Review, we examine the experimental technique of ischemic conditioning, which entails exposing organs or tissues to brief sub-lethal episodes of ischemia and reperfusion, before, during or after a lethal ischemic insult. This approach has been found to confer profound tissue protection against IRI. We discuss the translation of ischemic conditioning strategies from bench to bedside, and highlight where transition into human clinical studies has been less successful than in animal models, reviewing potential reasons for this. We explore the challenges that preclude more extensive clinical translation of these strategies and emphasize the role that underlying comorbidities have in altering the efficacy of these strategies in improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran McCafferty
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Suzanne Forbes
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Khan N, Hou H, Swartz HM, Kuppusamy P. Direct and Repeated Measurement of Heart and Brain Oxygenation Using In Vivo EPR Oximetry. Methods Enzymol 2015; 564:529-52. [PMID: 26477264 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low level of oxygen (hypoxia) is a critical factor that defines the pathological consequence of several pathophysiologies, particularly ischemia, that usually occur following the blockage of a blood vessel in vital organs, such as brain and heart, or abnormalities in the microvasculature, such as peripheral vascular disease. Therefore, methods that can directly and repeatedly quantify oxygen levels in the brain and heart will significantly improve our understanding of ischemic pathologies. Importantly, such oximetry capability will facilitate the development of strategies to counteract low levels of oxygen and thereby improve outcome following stroke or myocardial infarction. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry has the capability to monitor tissue oxygen levels in real time. The method has largely been tested and used in experimental animals, although some clinical measurements have been performed. In this chapter, a brief overview of the methodology to repeatedly quantify oxygen levels in the brain and heart of experimental animal models, ranging from mice to swine, is presented. EPR oximetry requires a one-time placement of an oxygen-sensitive probe in the tissue of interest, while the rest of the procedure for reliable, accurate, and repeated measurements of pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen) is noninvasive and can be repeated as often as desired. A multisite oximetry approach can be used to monitor pO2 at many sites simultaneously. Building on significant advances in the application of EPR oximetry in experimental animal models, spectrometers have been developed for use in human subjects. Initial feasibility of pO2 measurement in solid tumors of patients has been successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Huagang Hou
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, EPR Center for the Study of Viable Systems, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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Zwetsloot PP, Jansen of Lorkeers SJ, Végh AMD, Hout GPJ, Currie GL, Goumans MJ, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac stem cell treatment in myocardial infarction: protocol for a systematic review and meta‐analysis of preclinical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Zwetsloot
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - S. J. Jansen of Lorkeers
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. M. D. Végh
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G. P. J. Hout
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - G. L. Currie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - M. J. Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - S. A. J. Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology Experimental Cardiology Laboratory University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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Drenjancevic I, Koller A, Selthofer-Relatic K, Grizelj I, Cavka A. Assessment of coronary hemodynamics and vascular function. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 57:423-30. [PMID: 25460847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary blood flow closely matches to metabolic demands of heart and myocardial oxygen consumption and is conditioned by function of coronary resistance vessels. The microvascular endothelium of coronary resistance vessels is exposed to a spatially and temporally regulated input from cardiomyocytes and the haemodynamic forces of the cardiac cycle. Functional measurements of coronary pressure and flow are important approaches that provide complementary information on the function of coronary vessel function that could not be assessed by the methods utilized for the anatomic characterization of coronary disease, such as coronary angiography. The goal of this paper is to review the methodologies for assessment of coronary vascular function and haemodynamics which are utilized in research and to discuss their potential applicability in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Drenjancevic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Physiology and Gerontology, Medical School and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Hungary, Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Physiology New York Medical College, Valhalla NY 10595, USA; Walhala University NW, USA
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Dept of Internal Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Clinic for Internal Diseases, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Grizelj
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Cavka
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Osijek, Croatia
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Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD, Liou YM. Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:56. [PMID: 24913014 PMCID: PMC4070642 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been documented for its beneficial effects protecting oxidative stress to cardiac cells. Previously, we have shown the EGCG-mediated cardiac protection by attenuating reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ in cardiac cells during oxidative stress and myocardial ischemia. Here, we aimed to seek a deeper elucidation of the molecular anti-oxidative capabilities of EGCG in an H2O2-induced oxidative stress model of myocardial ischemia injury using H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Results Proteomics analysis was used to determine the differential expression of proteins in H9c2 cells cultured in the conditions of control, 400 μM H2O2 exposure for 30 min with and/or without 10 to 20 μM EGCG pre-treatment. In this model, eight proteins associated with energy metabolism, mitochondrial electron transfer, redox regulation, signal transduction, and RNA binding were identified to take part in EGCG-ameliorating H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cells. H2O2 exposure increased oxidative stress evidenced by increases in reactive oxygen species and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, increases in glycolytic protein, α-enolase, decreases in antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin-4, as well as decreases in mitochondrial proteins, including aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, ornithine aminotransferase, and succinate dehydrogenase ubiquinone flavoprotein subunit. All of these effects were reversed by EGCG pre-treatment. In addition, EGCG attenuated the H2O2-induced increases of Type II inositol 3, 4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase and relieved its subsequent inhibition of the downstream signalling for Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/cyclin D1 in H9c2 cells. Pre-treatment with EGCG or GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763) significantly improved the H2O2-induced suppression on cell viability, phosphorylation of pAkt (S473) and pGSK-3β (S9), and level of cyclin D1 in cells. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that EGCG blunts the H2O2-induced oxidative effect on the Akt activity through the modulation of PIP3 synthesis leading to the subsequent inactivation of GSK-3β mediated cardiac cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ban-Dar Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Weymann A, Sabashnikov A, Patil NP, Konertz W, Modersohn D, Dohmen PM. Eprosartan improves cardiac function in swine working heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:55-62. [PMID: 24762635 PMCID: PMC4010602 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.890444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used as an antihypertensive. We sought to evaluate the regional effect of Eprosartan on postinfarct ventricular remodeling and myocardial function in an isolated swine working heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS 22 swine hearts were perfused with the Langendorff perfusion apparatus under standard experimental conditions. Myocardial ischemia was induced by a 10-min left anterior descending artery ligation. Hearts were reperfused with either saline (control group, n=11), or Eprosartan (treatment group, n=11). Left ventricular pressure (LVP) and regional heart parameters such as intramyocardial pressure (IMP), wall thickening rate (WTh), and pressure-length-loops (PLL) were measured at baseline and after 30 min of reperfusion. RESULTS Measured parameters were statistically similar between the 2 groups at baseline. The administration of Eprosartan led to a significantly better recovery of IMP and WTh: 44.4±2.5 mmHg vs. 51.2±3.3 mmHg, p<0.001 and 3.8±0.4 µm vs. 4.4±0.3 µm, p=0.001, respectively. PLL were also significantly higher in the treatment group following reperfusion (21694±3259 units vs. 31267±3429 units, p<0.01). There was no difference in the LVP response to Eprosartan versus controls (63.6±3.0 mmHg vs. 62.5±3.1 mmHg, p=0.400). CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with Eprosartan is associated with a significant improvement in regional cardiac function under ischemic conditions. Pharmacological treatment with eprosartan may exert a direct cardioprotective effect on ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weymann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center – University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, London, U.K
| | - Anton Sabashnikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, London, U.K
| | - Nikhil P. Patil
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlesex, London, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Konertz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diethelm Modersohn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal M. Dohmen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of the Free State, Bloemfontain, South Africa
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Parameswaran S, Sharma RK. Altered expression of calcineurin, calpain, calpastatin and HMWCaMBP in cardiac cells following ischemia and reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:604-9. [PMID: 24333421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rise in intracellular myocardial Ca(2+) during cardiac ischemia activates calpain (Calpn) thereby causing damage to myocardial proteins, which leads to myocyte death and consequently to loss of myocardial structure and function. Calcineurin (CaN) interacts with Calpn and causes cellular damage eventually leading to cell death. Calpastatin (Calp) and high molecular weight calmodulin-binding protein (HMWCaMBP) (homolog of Calp), inhibit Calpn activity and thus prevent cell death. CaN stimulation can also result in self-repair of damaged cardiomyocytes. The present study attempts to elucidate the expression of these proteins in cells under pre-ischemic condition (control), following ischemia induction and also reperfusion subsequent to ischemia. For the first time, flow cytometric analysis (FACS) has been used for analyzing protein expression concurrently with viability. We induced ischemia and subsequently reperfusion in 80% confluent cultures of neonatal murine cardiomyocytes (NMCC). Viability following induction was assessed with 7-AAD staining and the cells were simultaneously checked for protein expression by FACS. We observed that ischemia induction results in increased expression of CaN, Calp and Calpn. HMWCaMBP expression was reduced in live cells following ischemia which suggests that there is a poor survival outcome of cells expressing HMWCaMBP thereby making it a potential biomarker for such cells. Most live cells following ischemia expressed CaN pointing towards self-repair and favorable survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejit Parameswaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Room 4D40, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Rajendra K Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Room 4D40, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Kwon SU, Yeung AC, Ikeno F. The role of large animal studies in cardiac regenerative therapy concise review of translational stem cell research. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:511-8. [PMID: 24044009 PMCID: PMC3772295 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.8.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have long been developed for cardiovascular research. These animal models have been helpful in understanding disease, discovering potential therapeutics, and predicting efficacy. Despite many efforts, however, translational study has been underestimated. Recently, investigations have identified stem cell treatment as a potentially promising cell therapy for regenerative medicine, largely because of the stem cell's ability to differentiate into many functional cell types. Stem cells promise a new era of cell-based therapy for salvaging the heart. However, stem cells have the potential risk of tumor formation. These properties of stem cells are considered a major concern over the efficacy of cell therapy. The translational/preclinical study of stem cells is essential but only at the beginning stages. What types of heart disease are indicated for stem cell therapy, what type of stem cell, what type of animal model, how do we deliver stem cells, and how do we improve heart function? These may be the key issues that the settlement of which would facilitate the transition of stem cell research from bench to bedside. In this review article, we discuss state-of-the-art technology in stem cell therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Uk Kwon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Vision 21 Cardiac and Vascular Center, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Haraldsen P, Lindstedt S, Metzsch C, Algotsson L, Ingemansson R. A porcine model for acute ischaemic right ventricular dysfunction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 18:43-8. [PMID: 24092465 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish an experimental model for acute ischaemic isolated right ventricular dysfunction and the subsequent haemodynamic changes. METHODS An open-chest porcine model with ischaemic dysfunction of the right ventricle induced by ligation of the three main branches supporting the right ventricular free wall. Invasive monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), left atrial pressure (LAP) and right ventricular pressure (RVP); ultrasonic measurement of cardiac output (CO) and calculation of haemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and right ventricular stroke work (RVSW) using standard formulae. RESULTS The ischaemic challenge to the right ventricle resulted in a significant (≥30%) reduction in RVSW associated with an increase (6-25%) in CVP and reduction (8-18%) in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) despite unchanged PVR, all reflecting the failing right ventricle. There was also a significant drop in CO (14-22%) despite unchanged LAP indicating lessened transpulmonary delivery of left ventricular preload due to the failing right ventricle causing the haemodynamic compromise rather than left ventricular failure. Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias occurred in three and two out of seven pigs, respectively-all of which except one were successfully resuscitated with cardioversion and/or defibrillation. CONCLUSIONS This novel open-chest porcine model of induced ischaemia of the right ventricular free wall resulted in significant haemodynamic compromise confirmed using standard haemodynamic measurements making it useful for further research on acute, ischaemic isolated right ventricular failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Haraldsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Parameswaran S, Kumar S, Verma RS, Sharma RK. Cardiomyocyte culture - an update on the in vitro cardiovascular model and future challenges. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:985-98. [PMID: 24289068 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The success of any work with isolated cardiomyocytes depends on the reproducibility of cell isolation, because the cells do not divide. To date, there is no suitable in vitro model to study human adult cardiac cell biology. Although embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro, the efficiency of this process is low. Isolation and expansion of human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells from cardiac surgical waste or, alternatively, from fetal heart tissue is another option. However, to overcome various issues related to human tissue usage, especially ethical concerns, researchers use large- and small-animal models to study cardiac pathophysiology. A simple model to study the changes at the cellular level is cultures of cardiomyocytes. Although primary murine cardiomyocyte cultures have their own advantages and drawbacks, alternative strategies have been developed in the last two decades to minimise animal usage and interspecies differences. This review discusses the use of freshly isolated murine cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte alternatives for use in cardiac disease models and other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejit Parameswaran
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
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