1
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Wu S, Liao K, Chen J, Li F. Facile synthesis of an acid-responsive cinnamaldehyde-pendant polycarbonate for enhancing the anticancer efficacy of etoposide via glutathione depletion. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15365-15373. [PMID: 38741958 PMCID: PMC11089533 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and significantly contributes to resistance against various chemotherapeutic agents. To address the challenge of GSH-mediated drug resistance in etoposide (ETS), we developed a facile synthetic method to prepare a biocompatible acid-responsive polycarbonate (PEG-PCA) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA), a potent GSH-depleting agent, as a side chain using nontoxic raw materials. This polymer self-assembled in aqueous solutions to form nanoparticles (ETS@PCA) that encapsulated ETS, enhancing its water solubility and enabling tumor-targeted delivery. In vitro studies demonstrated that ETS@PCA could respond to the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing CA to rapidly deplete GSH levels. Consequently, ETS@PCA exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to free ETS. Furthermore, in vivo experiments corroborated the enhanced tumor inhibitory effects of ETS@PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Kuofei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
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2
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Song S, Zhang X, Cui L, Wang Y, Tian X, Wang K, Ji K. Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide protection in tumor drug-induced macrophage damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131006. [PMID: 38522696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Malignant tumors contribute significantly to human mortality. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for tumors. However, due to the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, immune cells can be damaged during antitumor treatment, resulting in toxicity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can stimulate immune cells to respond to foreign substances. Here, we found that 10 ng/mL LPS could induce tolerance to antitumor drugs in macrophages without altering the effect of the drugs on tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cells before and after LPS administration using transcriptome sequencing and found to be mainly associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-resistant transporters and glutathione S-transferase (GST). LPS was shown by qRT-PCR and western blotting to promote the expression of ABCC1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 by 38.3 %, 194.8 %, and 27.0 %. Furthermore, three inhibitors (inhibitors of GST, glutathione synthesis, and ABCC1) were used for further investigation, showing that these inhibitors reduced macrophage survival rates by 44.0 %, 52.3 %, and 43.3 %, while the intracellular adriamycin content increased by 28.9 %, 42.9 %, and 51.3 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the protective mechanism of LPS on macrophages is associated with increased GST activity, the consumption of glutathione, and increased expression of ABCC1 protein. Therefore, LPS has a potential role in enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Lei Cui
- Pharmacy Department, Yellow Sea Road Street Community Health Service Center, YanTai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiao Tian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046500, China.
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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3
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Marini HR, Facchini BA, di Francia R, Freni J, Puzzolo D, Montella L, Facchini G, Ottaiano A, Berretta M, Minutoli L. Glutathione: Lights and Shadows in Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2226. [PMID: 37626722 PMCID: PMC10452337 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In cases of cellular injury, there is an observed increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When this production becomes excessive, it can result in various conditions, including cancerogenesis. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant thiol-containing antioxidant, is fundamental to re-establishing redox homeostasis. In order to evaluate the role of GSH and its antioxi-dant effects in patients affected by cancer, we performed a thorough search on Medline and EMBASE databases for relevant clinical and/or preclinical studies, with particular regard to diet, toxicities, and pharmacological processes. The conjugation of GSH with xenobiotics, including anti-cancer drugs, can result in either of two effects: xenobiotics may lose their harmful effects, or GSH conjugation may enhance their toxicity by inducing bioactivation. While being an interesting weapon against chemotherapy-induced toxicities, GSH may also have a potential protective role for cancer cells. New studies are necessary to better explain the relationship between GSH and cancer. Although self-prescribed glutathione (GSH) implementation is prevalent among cancer patients with the intention of reducing the toxic effects of anticancer treatments and potentially preventing damage to normal tissues, this belief lacks substantial scientific evidence for its efficacy in reducing toxicity, except in the case of cisplatin-related neurotoxicity. Therefore, the use of GSH should only be considered under medical supervision, taking into account the appropriate timing and setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Ryan Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Bianca Arianna Facchini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Raffaele di Francia
- Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani (GORI-ONLUS), 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - José Freni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (J.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Liliana Montella
- Division of Medical Oncology, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (L.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (L.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (H.R.M.); (L.M.)
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4
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Villa-Morales M, Pérez-Gómez L, Pérez-Gómez E, López-Nieva P, Fernández-Navarro P, Santos J. Identification of NRF2 Activation as a Prognostic Biomarker in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10350. [PMID: 37373496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard-of-care treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) with chemotherapy usually achieves reasonable rates of initial complete response. However, patients who relapse or do not respond to conventional therapy show dismal outcomes, with cure rates below 10% and limited therapeutic options. To ameliorate the clinical management of these patients, it is urgent to identify biomarkers able to predict their outcomes. In this work, we investigate whether NRF2 activation constitutes a biomarker with prognostic value in T-ALL. Using transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data, we found that T-ALL patients with high NFE2L2 levels had shorter overall survival. Our results demonstrate that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is involved in the oncogenic signalling induced by NRF2 in T-ALL. Furthermore, T-ALL patients with high NFE2L2 levels displayed genetic programs of drug resistance that may be provided by NRF2-induced biosynthesis of glutathione. Altogether, our results indicate that high levels of NFE2L2 may be a predictive biomarker of poor treatment response in T-ALL patients, which would explain the poor prognosis associated with these patients. This enhanced understanding of NRF2 biology in T-ALL may allow a more refined stratification of patients and the proposal of targeted therapies, with the ultimate goal of improving the outcome of relapsed/refractory T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villa-Morales
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Nieva
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Unit of Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Campea MA, Lofts A, Xu F, Yeganeh M, Kostashuk M, Hoare T. Disulfide-Cross-Linked Nanogel-Based Nanoassemblies for Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37192117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoparticle-based chemotherapeutic strategies have gained in popularity, the efficacy of such therapies is still limited in part due to the different nanoparticle sizes needed to best accommodate different parts of the drug delivery pathway. Herein, we describe a nanogel-based nanoassembly based on the entrapment of ultrasmall starch nanoparticles (size 10-40 nm) within disulfide-crosslinked chondroitin sulfate-based nanogels (size 150-250 nm) to address this challenge. Upon exposure of the nanoassembly to the reductive tumor microenvironment, the chondroitin sulfate-based nanogel can degrade to release the doxorubicin-loaded starch nanoparticles in the tumor to facilitate improved intratumoral penetration. CT26 colon carcinoma spheroids could be efficiently penetrated by the nanoassembly (resulting in 1 order of magnitude higher DOX-derived fluorescence inside the spheroid relative to free DOX), while in vivo experiments showed that doxorubicin-loaded nanoassemblies reduced tumor sizes by 6× relative to saline controls and 2× relative to free DOX after 21 days. Together, these data suggest that nanogel-based nanoassemblies are a viable option for improving the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Campea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Lofts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Mina Yeganeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Meghan Kostashuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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6
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Ciftci E, Turkoglu V, Bas Z. Inhibition effect of thymoquinone and lycopene compounds on glutathione reductase enzyme activity purified from human erythrocytes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10086-10093. [PMID: 34138692 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1939787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). GR enzyme maintains the cellular reduced GSH level and plays a central role in cell defense against reactive oxygen species. Herein, GR was purified with affinity chromatography method in one step using 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B from human erythrocytes. The purification rate of glutathione reductase enzyme purified from human erythrocytes was 6224 fold and specific activity was calculated as 9.586 EU/mg protein. The molecular weight of GR was determined to be 53 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The effect of thymoquinone and lycopene compounds on the GR activity purified from human erythrocytes was researched. Both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on GR activity. IC50 values for thymoquinone and lycopene were calculated as 62.12 µM and 35.79 µM, respectively. Inhibition type and Ki values were determined from the Lineveawer-Burk graph. The type of inhibition for thymoquinone and lycopene was found to be non-competitive inhibition. Ki value was calculated as 57.71 µM for thymoquinone and 46.65 µM for lycopene. In this study, it was concluded that antioxidant compounds thymoquinone and lycopene, which have an inhibitory effect on GR activity, may have a therapeutic effect on cancer disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Ciftci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Van YüzüncüYıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Vedat Turkoglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Van YüzüncüYıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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7
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Biscaia SMP, Pires C, Lívero FAR, Bellan DL, Bini I, Bustos SO, Vasconcelos RO, Acco A, Iacomini M, Carbonero ER, Amstalden MK, Kubata FR, Cummings RD, Dias-Baruffi M, Simas FF, Oliveira CC, Freitas RA, Franco CRC, Chammas R, Trindade ES. MG-Pe: A Novel Galectin-3 Ligand with Antimelanoma Properties and Adjuvant Effects to Dacarbazine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147635. [PMID: 35886983 PMCID: PMC9317553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic and rapidly progressing cancer, a leading cause of mortality among skin cancers. The melanoma microenvironment, formed from the activity of malignant cells on the extracellular matrix and the recruitment of immune cells, plays an active role in the development of drug resistance and tumor recurrence, which are clinical challenges in cancer treatment. These tumoral metabolic processes are affected by proteins, including Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is extensively involved in cancer development. Previously, we characterized a partially methylated mannogalactan (MG-Pe) with antimelanoma activities. In vivo models of melanoma were used to observe MG-Pe effects in survival, spontaneous, and experimental metastases and in tissue oxidative stress. Analytical assays for the molecular interaction of MG-Pe and Gal-3 were performed using a quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle tensiometer. MG-Pe exhibits an additive effect when administered together with the chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine, leading to increased survival of treated mice, metastases reduction, and the modulation of oxidative stress. MG-Pe binds to galectin-3. Furthermore, MG-Pe antitumor effects were substantially reduced in Gal-3/KO mice. Our results showed that the novel Gal-3 ligand, MG-Pe, has both antitumor and antimetastatic effects, alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellee M. P. Biscaia
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Cassiano Pires
- Department of Chemistry, Biopol, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (C.P.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Francislaine A. R. Lívero
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapics in Basic Attention, Parana University (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil;
| | - Daniel L. Bellan
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Israel Bini
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Silvina O. Bustos
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Oncology (CTO), Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (S.O.B.); (R.O.V.)
| | - Renata O. Vasconcelos
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Oncology (CTO), Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (S.O.B.); (R.O.V.)
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil;
| | - Elaine R. Carbonero
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão 75704-020, Brazil;
| | - Martin K. Amstalden
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil; (M.K.A.); (F.R.K.); (M.D.-B.)
| | - Fábio R. Kubata
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil; (M.K.A.); (F.R.K.); (M.D.-B.)
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil; (M.K.A.); (F.R.K.); (M.D.-B.)
| | - Fernanda F. Simas
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Carolina C. Oliveira
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Rilton A. Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Biopol, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (C.P.); (R.A.F.)
| | - Célia Regina Cavichiolo Franco
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Oncology (CTO), Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (S.O.B.); (R.O.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (E.S.T.)
| | - Edvaldo S. Trindade
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (S.M.P.B.); (D.L.B.); (I.B.); (F.F.S.); (C.C.O.); (C.R.C.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (E.S.T.)
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8
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Zhu L, Meng D, Wang X, Chen X. Ferroptosis-Driven Nanotherapeutics to Reverse Drug Resistance in Tumor Microenvironment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2481-2506. [PMID: 35614872 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, is non-apoptotic programmed cell death highly relevant to tumor development. It was found to manipulate oncogenes and resistant mutations of cancer cells via lipid metabolism pathways converging on phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) that squanders lipid peroxides (L-OOH) to block the iron-mediated reactions of peroxides, thus rendering resistant cancer cells vulnerable to ferroptotic cell death. By accumulating ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products to lethal levels in tumor microenvironment (TME), ferroptosis-driven nanotherapeutics show a superior ability of eradicating aggressive malignancies than traditional therapeutic modalities, especially for the drug-resistant tumors with high metastasis tendency. Moreover, Fenton reaction, inhibition of GPX-4, and exogenous regulation of LPO are three major therapeutic strategies to induce ferroptosis in cancer cells, which were generally applied in ferroptosis-driven nanotherapeutics. In this review, we elaborate current trends of ferroptosis-driven nanotherapeutics to reverse drug resistance of tumors in anticancer fields at the intersection of cancer biology, materials science, and chemistry. Finally, their challenges and perspectives toward feasible translational studies are spotlighted, which would ignite the hope of anti-resistant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Danni Meng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hangzhou Medical College, Binjiang Higher Education Park, Binwen Road 481, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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9
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Managing GSH elevation and hypoxia to overcome resistance of cancer therapies using functionalized nanocarriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Banerjee K, Choudhuri SK. A novel tin based hydroxamic acid complex induces apoptosis through redox imbalance and targets Stat3/JNK1/MMP axis to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1018-1035. [PMID: 34865583 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2013480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Undesired toxicity and emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) are the major impediments for the successful application of organotin-based compounds against cancer. Since oxalyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (OBPHA) exerts significant efficacy against cancer, we believe that derivatives of OBPHA including organotin molecule can show a promising effect against cancer. Herein, we have selected three previously characterized OBPHA derivatives viz., succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (SBPHA), diphenyl-tin succinyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (Sn-SBPHA), malonyl-bis(N-phenyl)hydroxamic acid (MBPHA) and evaluated their antiproliferative efficacy against both drug resistant (CEM/ADR5000; EAC/Dox) and sensitive (CCRF-CEM; HeLa; EAC/S) cancers. Data revealed that Sn-SBPHA selectively targets drug resistant and sensitive cancers without inducing any significant toxicity to normal cells (Chang Liver). Moreover, shortening of the backbone of SBPHA enhances the efficacy of the newly formed molecule MBPHA by targeting only drug sensitive cancers. Sn-SBPHA induces caspase3-dependent apoptosis through redox-imbalance in both drug resistant and sensitive cancer. Sn-SBPHA also reduced the activation and expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 without altering the expression status of TIMP1 and TIMP2 in drug resistant cancer. In addition, Sn-SBPHA reduced the activation of both STAT3 and JNK1, the transcriptional modulator of MMPs, in a redox-dependent manner in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Thus, Sn-SBPHA targets MMPs by modulating STAT3 and JNK1 in a redox-dependent manner. However, MBPHA and SBPHA fail to target drug resistance and both drug resistant and sensitive cancer respectively. Furthermore, Sn-SBPHA significantly increases the lifespan of doxorubicin resistant and sensitive Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice without inducing any significant systemic-toxicity. Therefore, Sn-SBPHA has the therapeutic potential to target and overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
- Department of In vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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11
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Bajbouj K, Sahnoon L, Shafarin J, Al-Ali A, Muhammad JS, Karim A, Guraya SY, Hamad M. Vitamin D-Mediated Anti-cancer Activity Involves Iron Homeostatic Balance Disruption and Oxidative Stress Induction in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766978. [PMID: 34820382 PMCID: PMC8606886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency associates with high risk of breast cancer (BRCA) and increased cellular iron. Vitamin D exerts some of its anti-cancer effects by regulating the expression of key iron regulatory genes (IRGs). The association between vitamin D and cellular iron content in BRCA remains ambiguous. Herein, we addressed whether vitamin D signaling exerts a role in cellular iron homeostasis thereby affecting survival of breast cancer cells. Methods: Expression profile of IRGs in vitamin D-treated breast cancer cells was analyzed using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. After treatment of BRCA cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with the active form of vitamin D, labile iron content, IRGs protein levels, oxidative stress, and cell survival were evaluated. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed several IRGs as well as cellular stress relates genes were differentially expressed in BRCA cells. Vitamin D treatment resulted in cellular iron depletion and differentially affected the expression of key IRGs protein levels. Vitamin D treatment exerted oxidative stress induction and alteration in the cellular redox balance by increasing the synthesis of key stress-related markers. Collectively, these effects resulted in a significant decrease in BRCA cell survival. Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamin D disrupts cellular iron homeostasis leading to oxidative stress induction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Sahnoon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Al-Ali
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asima Karim
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salman Y Guraya
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Varshavi D, Varshavi D, McCarthy N, Veselkov K, Keun HC, Everett JR. Metabonomics study of the effects of single copy mutant KRAS in the presence or absence of WT allele using human HCT116 isogenic cell lines. Metabolomics 2021; 17:104. [PMID: 34822010 PMCID: PMC8616861 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS was one of the earliest human oncogenes to be described and is one of the most commonly mutated genes in different human cancers, including colorectal cancer. Despite KRAS mutants being known driver mutations, KRAS has proved difficult to target therapeutically, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying KRAS-driven cellular transformation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the metabolic signatures associated with single copy mutant KRAS in isogenic human colorectal cancer cells and to determine what metabolic pathways are affected. METHODS Using NMR-based metabonomics, we compared wildtype (WT)-KRAS and mutant KRAS effects on cancer cell metabolism using metabolic profiling of the parental KRAS G13D/+ HCT116 cell line and its isogenic, derivative cell lines KRAS +/- and KRAS G13D/-. RESULTS Mutation in the KRAS oncogene leads to a general metabolic remodelling to sustain growth and counter stress, including alterations in the metabolism of amino acids and enhanced glutathione biosynthesis. Additionally, we show that KRASG13D/+ and KRASG13D/- cells have a distinct metabolic profile characterized by dysregulation of TCA cycle, up-regulation of glycolysis and glutathione metabolism pathway as well as increased glutamine uptake and acetate utilization. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the effect of a single point mutation in one KRAS allele and KRAS allele loss in an isogenic genetic background, hence avoiding confounding genetic factors. Metabolic differences among different KRAS mutations might play a role in their different responses to anticancer treatments and hence could be exploited as novel metabolic vulnerabilities to develop more effective therapies against oncogenic KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Varshavi
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Dorsa Varshavi
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 116 Street & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nicola McCarthy
- Horizon Discovery Ltd., Cambridge Research Park, 8100 Beach Dr, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
- Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Jeremy R Everett
- Medway Metabonomics Research Group, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK.
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13
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Mohanty H, Pachpute S, Yadav RP. Mechanism of drug resistance in bacteria: efflux pump modulation for designing of new antibiotic enhancers. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:727-739. [PMID: 34431062 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has now become a serious concern in the domain of microbial infection. Bacteria are becoming smarter by displaying a variety of mechanisms during drug resistance. It is not only helping bacteria to adapt nicely in adverse environment but it also makes a smart system for better availability of nutritional status for microorganisms. In this domain, pathogenic bacteria are extensively studied and their mechanism for drug resistance is well explored. The common modes in bacterial resistance include degradation of antibiotics by enzymes, antibiotic target modification or inactivation by enzymatic actions, complete replacement of antibiotic targets, quorum sensing (QS) mechanism, and efflux pump-based extrusion of antibiotics. In this review, various mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria have been highlighted with giving the importance of efflux pumps. This can be explored as a knowledge source for the management of a variety of bacterial infections, related disease and vibrant clue for next-generation drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Mohanty
- MGMIHS OMICS Research Center, MGM Central Research Laboratory, MGM Medical College and Hospital, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Molecular Biology, MGM School of Biomedical Sciences, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samir Pachpute
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raman P Yadav
- MGMIHS OMICS Research Center, MGM Central Research Laboratory, MGM Medical College and Hospital, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India. .,Department of Molecular Biology, MGM School of Biomedical Sciences, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai-410209, Maharashtra, India.
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14
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Xiong Y, Xiao C, Li Z, Yang X. Engineering nanomedicine for glutathione depletion-augmented cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6013-6041. [PMID: 34027953 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00718h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the main redox buffer, has long been recognized as a pivotal modulator of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. It is also implicated in the resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, depleting intracellular GSH was considered a potent solution to combating cancer. However, reducing GSH within cancer cells alone always failed to yield desirable therapeutic effects. In this regard, the convergence of GSH-scavenging agents with therapeutic drugs has thus been pursued in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the therapeutic outcomes are still unsatisfactory due to untargeted drug delivery. Advanced nanomedicine of synergistic GSH depletion and cancer treatment has attracted tremendous interest because they promise to deliver superior therapeutic benefits while alleviating life-threatening side effects. In the past five years, the authors and others have demonstrated that numerous nanomedicines, by simultaneously delivering GSH-depleting agents and therapeutic components, boost not only traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also multifarious emerging treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, ferroptosis, and immunotherapy, to name a few, and achieved decent treatment outcomes in a large number of rodent tumor models. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress in engineering nanomedicine for GSH depletion-enhanced cancer therapies. Biosynthesis of GSH and various types of GSH-consuming strategies will be briefly introduced. The challenges and perspectives of leveraging nanomedicine for GSH consumption-augmented cancer therapies will be discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, High Tech Road 666, East Lake high tech Zone, Wuhan, 430040, P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510530, P. R. China
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15
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Lu P, Zhang C, Fu L, Wei Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Lv C, Chen L. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Imaging and Evaluating the Role of Vanin-1 in Chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10378-10387. [PMID: 34275284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pantetheinase (also known as Vanin-1) is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys, and intestine and is closely associated with a number of diseases. Vanin-1 can hydrolyze pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine and participate in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). GSH is highly expressed in tumor cells and plays a major role in the resistance of tumor cells to cisplatin. Therefore, we urgently need a method to monitor the activity level of Vanin-1 in tumor cells and tissues and elucidate the relationship between the role of Vanin-1 in GSH synthesis and tumor resistance. Herein, we report a Cy-Pa fluorescent probe for imaging Vanin-1 in cells and in vivo that can qualitatively and quantitatively detect the fluctuation of Vanin-1 concentrations in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP cells or tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. This probe shows excellent potential in in situ real-time monitoring of endogenous Vanin-1. Moreover, we proved that Vanin-1 can inhibit GSH synthesis using the probe. When the Vanin-1 inhibitor RR6 was used in combination with cisplatin, HepG2 and HepG2/DDP cells showed increased resistance to cisplatin, while the therapeutic efficiency of cisplatin was reduced in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP xenografts. In this study, Vanin-1 was shown to play an important role in the treatment of cancer, and the study of Vanin-1 may provide an idea for the treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lili Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, University, Qufu 273165, China
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16
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Cheng X, Xu HD, Ran HH, Liang G, Wu FG. Glutathione-Depleting Nanomedicines for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8039-8068. [PMID: 33974797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to various molecular and nanoscale drugs, which inevitably affects the drugs' therapeutic outcomes. Overexpression of glutathione (GSH) has been observed in many cancer cells, and solid evidence has corroborated the resulting tumor resistance to a variety of anticancer therapies, suggesting that this biochemical characteristic of cancer cells can be developed as a potential target for cancer treatments. The single treatment of GSH-depleting agents can potentiate the responses of the cancer cells to different cell death stimuli; therefore, as an adjunctive strategy, GSH depletion is usually combined with mainstream cancer therapies for enhancing the therapeutic outcomes. Propelled by the rapid development of nanotechnology, GSH-depleting agents can be readily constructed into anticancer nanomedicines, which have shown a steep rise over the past decade. Here, we review the common GSH-depleting nanomedicines which have been widely applied in synergistic cancer treatments in recent years. Some current challenges and future perspectives for GSH depletion-based cancer therapies are also presented. With the understanding of the structure-property relationship and action mechanisms of these biomaterials, we hope that the GSH-depleting nanotechnology will be further developed to realize more effective disease treatments and even achieve successful clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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17
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Ahmad IM, Dafferner AJ, O’Connell KA, Mehla K, Britigan BE, Hollingsworth MA, Abdalla MY. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition Potentiates the Effects of Nab-Paclitaxel-Gemcitabine and Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2264. [PMID: 34066839 PMCID: PMC8125955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Tumor hypoxia plays an active role in promoting tumor progression, malignancy, and resistance to therapy in PDAC. We present evidence that nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine (NPG) and/or a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), providing a survival advantage for tumors. Using PDAC cells in vitro and a PDAC mouse model, we found that NPG chemotherapy up-regulated expression of HO-1 in PDAC cells and increased its nuclear translocation. Inhibition of HO-1 with ZnPP and SnPP sensitized PDAC cells to NPG-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05). Additionally, HO-1 expression was increased in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells (p < 0.05), and HO-1 inhibition increased GEM-resistant PDAC sensitivity to NPG (p < 0.05). NPG combined with HO-1 inhibitor inhibited tumor size in an orthotopic model. In parallel, HO-1 inhibition abrogated the influx of macrophages and FoxP3+ cells, while increasing the proportion of CD8+ infiltration in the pancreatic tumors. These effects were mediated primarily by reducing expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M. Ahmad
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Alicia J. Dafferner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Kelly A. O’Connell
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Bradley E. Britigan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Nebraska Western Iowa, Department of Internal Medicine and Research Service, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (K.A.O.); (K.M.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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18
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Rabben HL, Kodama Y, Nakamura M, Bones AM, Wang TC, Chen D, Zhao CM, Øverby A. Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Isothiocyanates in Animal Models of Gastric Cancer and Synergistic Anticancer Effects With Cisplatin in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613458. [PMID: 33897415 PMCID: PMC8060630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) from edible vegetables have shown potential as chemopreventive agents against several types of cancer. The aims of the present study were to study the potential of ITCs in chemoprevention and in potentiating the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in gastric cancer treatment. The chemoprevention was studied in chemically induced mouse model of gastric cancer, namely N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in drinking water, and in a genetically engineered mouse model of gastric cancer (the so-called INS-GAS mice). The pharmacological effects of ITCs with or without cisplatin were studied in human gastric cell lines MKN45, AGS, MKN74 and KATO-III, which were derived from either intestinal or diffused types of gastric carcinoma. The results showed that dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) reduced the tumor size when PEITC was given simultaneously with MNU, but neither when administrated after MNU nor in INS-GAS mice. Treatments of gastric cancer cells with ITCs resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition on cell proliferation. Pretreatment of gastric cancer cells with ITCs enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin (but not 5-fluorouracil) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Treatments of gastric cancer cells with PEITC plus cisplatin simultaneously at different concentrations of either PEITC or cisplatin exhibited neither additive nor synergetic inhibitory effect. Furthermore, PEITC depleted glutathione and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that PEITC displayed anti-cancer effects, particularly when given before the tumor initiation, suggesting a chemopreventive effect in gastric cancer, and that pretreatment of PEITC potentiated the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin, possibly by reducing the intracellular pool of glutathione, suggesting a possible combination strategy of chemotherapy with pretreatment with PEITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne-Line Rabben
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Yosuke Kodama
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atle Magnar Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy Cragin Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Anders Øverby
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Knight JR, Wang Y, Xu S, Chen W, Berkman CE, Xian M. A modular template for the design of thiol-triggered sensors and prodrugs. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119072. [PMID: 33128946 PMCID: PMC7736145 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A unique reaction between thiols (RSH) and alkyl sulfonylbenzothiazole was discovered. This reaction was specific for thiols and produced a sulfinic acid (RSO2H) as the intermediate, which further triggered an intramolecular cyclization to release a -OH containing payload. This reaction was used to develop thiol-triggered fluorescent sensors and prodrugs. The modular design of this template provides tunability of the release profiles of the payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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20
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21
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Cong R, Ji C, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Yao L, Luan J, Meng X, Song N. m6A RNA methylation regulators play an important role in the prognosis of patients with testicular germ cell tumor. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:662-679. [PMID: 33718069 PMCID: PMC7947426 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is found to be associated with promoting tumorigenesis in different types of cancers, however, the function of m6A-related genes in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) development remains to be illuminated. This study aimed to investigated the prognostic value of m6A RNA methylation regulators in TGCT. Methods We collected TGCT patients’ information about clinicopathologic parameters and twenty-two m6A regulatory genes expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). We analyzed the differentially expressed m6A RNA methylation regulators between tumor tissues and normal tissues, as well as the correlation of m6A RNA methylation regulators. By using Cox univariate analysis, last absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm and Cox multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis, a risk score was constructed based on a TCGA training cohort, and further verified in the TCGA testing cohort. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between risk score and progression-free survival (PFS) in TGCT. Finally, the six-gene risk score was further verified by two gene expression profiles (GSE3218 and GSE10783) as an independent external validation cohort. Results Distinct expression patterns of m6A regulatory genes were identified between TGCT tissues and normal tissues in TCGA and GTEx datasets. To predict prognosis of TGCT patients, a risk score was calculated based on six selected m6A RNA methylation regulators (YTHDF1, RBM15, IGF2BP1, ZC3H13, METTL3, and FMR1). Additionally, we found significant differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in serum marker study levels and histologic subtype. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that high risk score was associated with unfavorable PFS. Ultimately, the risk score was further verified by two gene expression profiles (GSE3218 and GSE10783). Conclusions Based on six selected m6A RNA methylation regulators, we developed a m6A methylation related risk score that can independently predict the prognosis of TGCT patients, and verify the prediction efficiency in TCGA and GEO datasets. Patients in high-risk group were associated with serum tumor marker study levels beyond the normal limits, non-seminoma, and unfavorable survival time. However, further prospective experiments should be carried out to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyu Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaochen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Artux, China
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Tan M, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Jøergensen MT. Gene Expression Network Analysis of Precursor Lesions in Familial Pancreatic Cancer. J Pancreat Cancer 2020; 6:73-84. [PMID: 32783019 PMCID: PMC7415888 DOI: 10.1089/pancan.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) are aggressive premalignant lesions, associated with risk of progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A depiction of co-dysregulated gene activity in high-grade familial pancreatic cancer (FPC)-related PanIN lesions may characterize the molecular events during the progression from familial PanIN to PDAC. Materials and Methods: We performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify clusters of coexpressed genes associated with FPC-related PanIN lesions in 13 samples with PanIN-2/3 from FPC predisposed individuals, 6 samples with PDAC from sporadic pancreatic cancer (SPC) patients, and 4 samples of normal donor pancreatic tissue. Results: WGCNA identified seven differentially expressed gene (DEG) modules and two commonly expressed gene (CEG) modules with significant enrichment for Gene Ontology (GO) terms in FPC and SPC, including three upregulated (p < 5e-05) and four downregulated (p < 6e-04) gene modules in FPC compared to SPC. Among the DEG modules, the upregulated modules include 14 significant genes (p < 1e-06): ALOX12-AS1, BCL2L11, EHD4, C4B, BTN3A3, NDUFA11, RBM4B, MYOC, ZBTB47, TTTY15, NAPRT, LOC102606465, LOC100505711, and PTK2. The downregulated modules include 170 genes (p < 1e-06), among them 13 highly significant genes (p < 1e-10): COL10A1, SAMD9, PLPP4, COMP, POSTN, IGHV4-31, THBS2, MMP9, FNDC1, HOPX, TMEM200A, INHBA, and SULF1. The DEG modules are enriched for GO terms related to mitochondrial structure and adenosine triphosphate metabolic processes, extracellular structure and binding properties, humoral and complement mediated immune response, ligand-gated ion channel activity, and transmembrane receptor activity. Among the CEG modules, IL22RA1, DPEP1, and BCAT1 were found as highly connective hub genes associated with both FPC and SPC. Conclusion: FPC-related PanIN lesions exhibit a common molecular basis with SPC as shown by gene network activities and commonly expressed high-connectivity hub genes. The differential molecular pathology of FPC and SPC involves multiple coexpressed gene clusters enriched for GO terms including extracellular activities and mitochondrion function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ove B. Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maiken Thyregod Jøergensen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Targeting the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways Affects NRF2, Trx and GSH Antioxidant Systems in Leukemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070633. [PMID: 32709140 PMCID: PMC7402140 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signal transduction pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of ERK1/2 inhibitor AZD0364 and PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) REH, MOLT-4, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) MOLM-14, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cell lines. To evaluate the interactions of the drugs, cells were treated for 48 h with AZD0364 or ZSTK474 alone and in combination at fixed ratios. The combinatorial effects of both inhibitors were synergistic over a wide range of concentrations in REH, MOLT-4, and MOLM-14 cell lines. However, in K562 cells, the effects were found to be antagonistic. Furthermore, AZD0364 and ZSTK474 significantly decreased both ERK1/2 and AKT activation in REH, MOLT-4, and MOLM-14 cells. The results showed that incubation with both AZD0364 and ZSTK474 inhibited cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. We observed that combined treatment with AZD0364 and ZSTK474 affected nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and antioxidant protein levels: NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. These effects were accompanied with decreased antiapoptotic survivin protein level. However, distinct cell line dependent effects were observed. In conclusion, the combination of AZD0364 and ZSTK474 can exert a synergistic anticancer effect in ALL and AML cells, which is associated with the induction of oxidative stress and the involvement of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Høgh RI, Droujinine A, Møller SH, Jepsen SD, Mellergaard M, Andresen L, Skov S. Fumarate Upregulates Surface Expression of ULBP2/ULBP5 by Scavenging Glutathione Antioxidant Capacity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1746-1759. [PMID: 32144161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite whose intracellular accumulation is linked to inflammatory signaling and development of cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that endogenous fumarate accumulation upregulates surface expression of the immune stimulatory NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands ULBP2 and ULBP5. In agreement with this, accumulation of fumarate by the therapeutic drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) also promotes ULBP2/5 surface expression. Mechanistically, we found that the increased ULBP2/5 expression was dependent on oxidative stress and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) abrogated ULBP2/5 upregulated by DMF. Fumarate can complex with GSH and thereby exhaust cells of functional GSH capacity. In line with this, inhibition of GSH reductase (GR), the enzyme responsible for GSH recycling, promoted ULBP2/5 surface expression. Loss of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) associates with a malignant form of renal cancer characterized by fumarate accumulation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, highlighting fumarate as an oncometabolite. Interestingly, FH-deficient renal cancer cells had low surface expression of ULBP2/5 and were unresponsive to DMF treatment, suggesting that the fumarate-stimulating ULBP2/5 pathway is abrogated in these cells as an immune-evasive strategy. Together, our data show that ULBP2/5 expression can be upregulated by accumulation of fumarate, likely by depleting cells of GSH antioxidant capacity. Given that DMF is an approved human therapeutic drug, our findings support a broader use of DMF in treatment of cancers and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Illum Høgh
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alec Droujinine
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Hedlund Møller
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Dam Jepsen
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Andresen
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Immunology, Section for Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Cilurzo F, Cristiano MC, Da Pian M, Cianflone E, Quintieri L, Paolino D, Pasut G. Overcoming Cancer Cell Drug Resistance by a Folic Acid Targeted Polymeric Conjugate of Buthionine Sulfoximine. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1513-1522. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190626114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Glutathione (GSH), which is the predominant low molecular weight intracellular thiol in mammals, has multiple functions, such as those of protecting against oxidative stress and detoxifying endogenous and exogenous electrophiles. High GSH levels, which have been observed in various types of tumors, have been thought to contribute to the resistance of neoplastic cells to apoptotic stimuli triggered by pro-oxidant therapy. Although L-(S,R)-Buthionine Sulfoximine (BSO), a selective irreversible inhibitor of glutamate cysteine ligase, depletes GSH in vitro and in in vivo and sensitizes tumor cells to radiation and some cancer chemotherapeutics, its toxicity and short in vivo half-life have limited its application to combination anticancer therapies.Objective:To demonstrate that a folate-targeted PEGylated BSO conjugate can sensitize cancer cells to a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-generating anticancer agent by depleting GSH.Methods:A novel folate-targeted PEGylated-BSO conjugate was synthesized and tested in combination with gemcitabine in human cell lines that over-express (HeLa) or do not express (A549) the folate receptor.Results:The prepared folate-PEG-GFLG-BSO conjugate proved to be efficacious in reducing GSH levels and, when used in combination with the pro-oxidant drug gemcitabine, it enhanced drug activity in the cell line overexpressing the folate receptor.Conclusion:The folate-PEG-GFLG-BSO conjugate studied was found to be effective in sensitizing folatereceptor positive cancer cells to the ROS-generating drug gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d'Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria C. Cristiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, University Campus “S. Venuta”, I-88100 Germaneto - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Da Pian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, University Campus “S. Venuta”, I-88100 Germaneto - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, University Campus “S. Venuta”, I-88100 Germaneto - Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
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26
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Greenwood HE, McCormick PN, Gendron T, Glaser M, Pereira R, Maddocks ODK, Sander K, Zhang T, Koglin N, Lythgoe MF, Årstad E, Hochhauser D, Witney TH. Measurement of Tumor Antioxidant Capacity and Prediction of Chemotherapy Resistance in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2471-2482. [PMID: 30651275 PMCID: PMC6522377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug resistance is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Currently, there is no satisfactory way to identify patients with HGSOC that are refractive to the standard of care. Here, we propose the system xc - radiotracer (4S)-4-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]FSPG) as a non-invasive method to measure upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant HGSOC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using matched chemotherapy sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, we assessed their antioxidant capacity and its relation to [18F]FSPG uptake, both in cells and in animal models of human ovarian cancer. We identified the mechanisms driving differential [18F]FSPG cell accumulation and evaluated [18F]FSPG tumor uptake as predictive marker of treatment response in drug-resistant tumors. RESULTS High intracellular glutathione (GSH) and low reactive oxygen species corresponded to decreased [18F]FSPG cell accumulation in drug-resistant versus drug-sensitive cells. Decreased [18F]FSPG uptake in drug-resistant cells was a consequence of changes in intracellular cystine, a key precursor in GSH biosynthesis. In vivo, [18F]FSPG uptake was decreased nearly 80% in chemotherapy-resistant A2780 tumors compared with parental drug-sensitive tumors, with nonresponding tumors displaying high levels of oxidized-to-reduced GSH. Treatment of drug-resistant A2780 tumors with doxorubicin resulted in no detectable change in tumor volume, GSH, or [18F]FSPG uptake. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability of [18F]FSPG to detect upregulated antioxidant pathways present in drug-resistant cancer. [18F]FSPG may therefore enable the identification of patients with HGSOC that are refractory to standard of care, allowing the transferal of drug-resistant patients to alternative therapies, thereby improving outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Greenwood
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N McCormick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raul Pereira
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Zhang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Årstad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy H Witney
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death that can be activated in cancer cells by natural stimuli and synthetic agents. Three essential hallmarks define ferroptosis, namely: the loss of lipid peroxide repair capacity by the phospholipid hydroperoxidase GPX4, the availability of redox-active iron, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids. Several processes including RAS/MAPK signaling, amino acid and iron metabolism, ferritinophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, and mevalonate and phospholipid biosynthesis can modulate susceptibility to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis sensitivity is also governed by p53 and KEAP1/NRF2 activity, linking ferroptosis to the function of key tumor suppressor pathways. Together these findings highlight the role of ferroptosis as an emerging concept in cancer biology and an attractive target for precision cancer medicine discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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28
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Nunes SC, Serpa J. Glutathione in Ovarian Cancer: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071882. [PMID: 29949936 PMCID: PMC6073569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) has several roles in a cell, such as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, an intervenient in xenobiotics metabolism and a reservoir of cysteine. All of these activities are important in the maintenance of normal cells homeostasis but can also constitute an advantage for cancer cells, allowing disease progression and resistance to therapy. Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death from gynaecologic disease and the second most common gynaecologic malignancy worldwide. In over 50 years, the overall survival of patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer has not changed, regardless of the efforts concerning early detection, radical surgery and new therapeutic approaches. Late diagnosis and resistance to therapy are the main causes of this outcome, and GSH is profoundly associated with chemoresistance to platinum salts, which, together with taxane-based chemotherapy and surgery, are the main therapy strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. Herein, we present some insights into the role of GSH in the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer, and also point out how some strategies underlying the dependence of ovarian cancer cells on GSH can be further used to improve the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Nunes
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
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29
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Drude N, Winz OH, Mottaghy FM, Roller M, Königs H, Möller M, Singh S, Morgenroth A. Impact of Glutathione Modulation on Stability and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Redox-Sensitive Nanogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704093. [PMID: 29457349 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles degradable upon external stimuli combine pharmacokinetic features of both small molecules as well as large nanoparticles. However, despite promising preclinical results, several redox responsive disulphide-linked nanoparticles failed in clinical translation, mainly due to their unexpected in vivo behavior. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most evaluated antioxidants responsible for disulfide degradation. Herein, the impact of GSH on the in vivo behavior of redox-sensitive nanogels under physiological and modulated conditions is investigated. Labelling of nanogels with a DNA-intercalating dye and a radioisotope allows visualization of the redox responsiveness at the cellular and the systemic levels, respectively. In vitro, efficient cleavage of disulphide bonds of nanogels is achieved by manipulation of intracellular GSH concentration. While in vivo, the redox-sensitive nanogels undergo, to a certain extent, premature degradation in circulation leading to rapid renal elimination. This instability is modulated by transient inhibition of GSH synthesis with buthioninsulfoximin. Altered GSH concentration significantly changes the in vivo pharmacokinetics. Lower GSH results in higher elimination half-life and altered biodistribution of the nanogels with a different metabolite profile. These data provide strong evidence that decreased nanogel degradation in blood circulation can limit the risk of premature drug release and enhance circulation half-life of the nanogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Drude
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Oliver H Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229, HX, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Roller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Pathology-Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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30
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Shen W, Liu W, Yang H, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. A glutathione-responsive sulfur dioxide polymer prodrug as a nanocarrier for combating drug-resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2018; 178:706-719. [PMID: 29433753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer remains a significant challenge for curing cancer by chemotherapy. In this work, a kind of glutathione (GSH)-responsive polymer prodrug of SO2 was designed and synthesized, which presented synergistic effect with doxorubicin (DOX) for combating MCF-7 ADR human breast cancer cell. Firstly, a small molecular prodrug of SO2, N-(3-azidopropyl)-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (AP-DNs), was chemically conjugated onto the side chain of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (γ-propargyl-l-glutamate) (mPEG-PPLG) block copolymer to generate an amphiphilic polymer prodrug of SO2, mPEG-PLG (DNs). The obtained mPEG-PLG (DNs) prodrug could self-assemble into micelles in aqueous media and release SO2 rapidly in response to thiol compounds. Then, DOX was loaded into mPEG-PLG (DNs) nanoparticles with ultrahigh drug-loading efficiency (97.3%). In vitro drug release tests indicated that the DOX-loaded nanoparticles could simultaneously release SO2 and DOX by GSH triggering. Moreover, the effective cellular uptake of the DOX-loaded nanoparticles and subsequent intracellular release of SO2 and DOX were verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analyses. The released SO2 could promote the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in tumor cells, which thereby resulted in oxidative damages of cancer cells, together with restoration of MCF-7 ADR cells sensitivity to DOX. As a result, the released DOX and SO2 showed synergistic therapeutic effect against MCF-7 ADR cells. In vivo antitumor evaluation further indicated that, compared with free DOX, the DOX-loaded nanoparticles exhibited better antitumor effect in a MCF-7 ADR-xenografted nude mice model while had lower system toxicity. Overall, we demonstrated, for the first time, that a SO2 polymer prodrug, acting as a stimuli-responsive nanocarrier to codeliver DOX, can efficiently inhibit the proliferation of MDR tumor cells, which may offer a new weapon for combating MDR in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Huailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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31
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Lipsa D, Barrero-Moreno J, Coelhan M. Exposure to selected limonene oxidation products: 4-OPA, IPOH, 4-AMCH induces oxidative stress and inflammation in human lung epithelial cell lines. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:937-945. [PMID: 29145138 PMCID: PMC5701770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Limonene oxidation products (LOPs) have gained interest on their harmful health effects over time. Recently, studies have shown that the selected LOPs: 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 3-isopropenyl-6-oxo-heptanal (IPOH) and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene (4-AMCH) have sensory irritation effects in mice and inflammatory effects in human lung cells. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the potential capacity of 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH to cause cell membrane damage, oxidative stress and inflammation in human bronchial (16HBE14o-) and alveolar (A549) epithelial cell lines. Overall results suggest that 4-OPA, IPOH have cytotoxic effects on human lung cells that might be mediated by ROS: the highest concentration applied of IPOH [500 μM] enhanced ROS generation by 100-fold ± 7.7 (A549) and 230-fold ± 19.9 (16HBE14o-) compared to the baseline. 4-OPA [500 μM] increased ROS levels by 1.4-fold ± 0.3 (A549) and by 127-fold ± 10.5 (16HBE14o-), while treatment with 4-AMCH [500 μM] led to 0.9-fold ± 0.2 (A549) and 49-fold ± 12.8 (16HBE14o-) increase. IPOH [500 μM] caused a decrease in the thiol-state balance (e.g. after 2 h, GSH:GSSG was reduced by 37% compared to the untreated 16HBE14o-cells). 4-OPA [500 μM] decreased the GSH:GSSG by 1.3-fold change in A549 cells and 1.4-fold change in 16HBE14o-cells. No statistically significant decrease in the GSH:GSSG in A549 and 16HBE14o-cell lines was observed for 4-AMCH [500 μM]. In addition, IPOH and 4-OPA [31.2 μM] increased the amount of the inflammatory markers: RANTES, VEGF and EGF. On the other hand, 4-AMCH [31.2 μM] did not show inflammatory effects in A549 or 16HBE14o-cells. The 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH treatment concentration and time-dependently induce oxidative stress and/or alteration of inflammatory markers on human bronchial and alveolar cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorelia Lipsa
- Technische Universität München, Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Alte Akademie 3, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Mehmet Coelhan
- Technische Universität München, Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Alte Akademie 3, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Samadi N. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hu J, Cao X, Pang D, Luo Q, Zou Y, Feng B, Li L, Chen Z, Huang C. Tumor grade related expression of neuroglobin is negatively regulated by PPARγ and confers antioxidant activity in glioma progression. Redox Biol 2017; 12:682-689. [PMID: 28410531 PMCID: PMC5390670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB), distributed mainly in central and peripheral nervous systems, is a nerve globin with neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress resulting from hypoxia and ischemia. Recent studies have indicated that the expression of NGB is related to neurodegenerative disorders and cancers, but the molecular mechanisms for its transcriptional regulation and protection are not well defined. Here, we report that the expression of NGB in glioma is grade related and is negatively regulated by PPARγ. Specific PPARγ agonist reduces the expression of NGB, while its inhibitor enhances the expression. Moreover, NGB participates in regulating the phosphorylation of AKT in glioma cells, which may contribute to the glioma progression where accumulating oxidative pressure presents. Overexpression of NGB could protect glioma cells against 4-HNE induced cell death, and partially reverse PPARγ's pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative abilities. These results display an important role of NGB in glioma progression and a mechanism for its transcriptional regulation, and suggest that the treatment on glioma through PPARγ agonist appears to be triggered by the modulation of NGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Department of Neurology, Shuangnan hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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3-bromopyruvate and buthionine sulfoximine effectively kill anoikis-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174271. [PMID: 28362858 PMCID: PMC5376082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a prerequisite for metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about how energy metabolism and antioxidant systems are altered in anoikis-resistant (AR) HCC cells. We evaluated anti-tumor effects of a combination treatment of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) in AR HCC cells. METHODS We compared glycolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and chemoresistance among Huh-BAT, HepG2 HCC cells, and the corresponding AR cells. Expression of hexokinase II, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (rGCS), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in AR cells was assessed. Anti-tumor effects of a combination treatment of 3-BP and BSO were evaluated in AR cells and an HCC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS AR HCC cells showed significantly higher chemoresistance, glycolysis and lower ROS production than attached cells. Expression of hexokinase II, rGCS, and EMT markers was higher in AR HCC cells than attached cells. A combination treatment of 3-BP/BSO effectively suppressed proliferation of AR HCC cells through apoptosis by blocking glycolysis and enhancing ROS levels. In xenograft mouse models, tumor growth derived from AR HCC cells was significantly suppressed in the group treated with 3-BP/BSO compared to the group treated with 3-BP or sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that a combination treatment of 3-BP/BSO had a synergistic anti-tumor effect in an AR HCC model. This strategy may be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Martinez-Useros J, Li W, Cabeza-Morales M, Garcia-Foncillas J. Oxidative Stress: A New Target for Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis and Treatment. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6030029. [PMID: 28282928 PMCID: PMC5372998 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of tumors, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Survival can be improved when tumors are detected at an early stage; however, this cancer is usually asymptomatic, and the disease only becomes apparent after metastasis. Several risk factors are associated to this disease. Chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and some infectious disease are the most relevant risk factors. Incidence of PDAC has increased in the last decades. It is hypothesized it could be due to other acquired risk habits, like smoking, high alcohol intake, and obesity. Indeed, adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes different pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and other factors that activate oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species caused by oxidative stress, damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, and produce several toxic and high mutagenic metabolites that could modify tumor behavior, turning it into a malignant phenotype. Anti-oxidant compounds, like vitamins, are considered protective factors against cancer. Here, we review the literature on oxidative stress, the molecular pathways that activate or counteract oxidative stress, and potential treatment strategies that target reactive oxygen species suitable for this kind of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Weiyao Li
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There are a number of redox-active anticancer agents currently in development based on the premise that altered redox homeostasis is necessary for cancer cell's survival. Recent Advances: This review focuses on the relatively few agents that target cellular redox homeostasis to have entered clinical trial as anticancer drugs. CRITICAL ISSUES The success rate of redox anticancer drugs has been disappointing compared to other classes of anticancer agents. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the functions of the redox targets in normal and cancer tissues, leading to off-target toxicities and low therapeutic indexes of the drugs. The field also lags behind in the use biomarkers and other means to select patients who are most likely to respond to redox-targeted therapy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS If we wish to derive clinical benefit from agents that attack redox targets, then the future will require a more sophisticated understanding of the role of redox targets in cancer and the increased application of personalized medicine principles for their use. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 262-273.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garth Powis
- 2 Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Center , La Jolla, California
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Banerjee S, Mukherjee S, Mitra S, Singhal P. Altered expression of mitochondrial antioxidants in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:439-446. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Banerjee
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Sanjib Mitra
- Department of Oral Pathology, Burdwan Dental College and Hospital
| | - Pallav Singhal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sarjug Dental College and Mata R. Devi Hospital
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Biological activity and binding properties of [Ru(II)(dcbpy)2Cl2] complex to bovine serum albumin, phospholipase A2 and glutathione. Biometals 2016; 29:921-33. [PMID: 27515969 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds are highly regarded as metallo-drug candidates. Many studies have focused their attention on the interaction between ruthenium complexes with their possible biological targets. The interaction of ruthenium complexes with transport proteins, enzymes and peptides is of great importance for understanding their biodistribution and mechanism of action, therefore, the development of an anti-cancer therapy involving ruthenium complexes has recently shifted from DNA targeting towards protein targeting. With the aim of gaining insight into possible interactions between ruthenium complexes with biologically relevant proteins, we have studied the interaction of cis-dichlorobis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid)ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(II)(dcbpy)2Cl2], which previously showed good potency in photo-dynamic chemotherapy, with bovine serum albumin (BSA), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and glutathione (GSH). Binding constants and possible number of binding sites to mentioned proteins and peptide are investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The complex binding affinities were in the following order: PLA2 > BSA > GSH. Moreover, genotoxic profile of the complex, tested on peripheral blood lymphocytes as a model system, was also promising.
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Seebacher N, Lane DJR, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. Turning the gun on cancer: Utilizing lysosomal P-glycoprotein as a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:432-45. [PMID: 27154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Cancer cells must constantly and rapidly adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment, due to alterations in the availability of nutrients, such as glucose, oxygen and key transition metals (e.g., iron and copper). This nutrient flux is typically a consequence of rapid growth, poor vascularization and necrosis. It has been demonstrated that stress factors, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation up-regulate master transcription factors, namely hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally regulate the multi-drug resistance (MDR), transmembrane drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Interestingly, in addition to the established role of plasma membrane Pgp in MDR, a new paradigm of intracellular resistance has emerged that is premised on the ability of lysosomal Pgp to transport cytotoxic agents into this organelle. This mechanism is enabled by the topological inversion of Pgp via endocytosis resulting in the transporter actively pumping agents into the lysosome. In this way, classical Pgp substrates, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can be actively transported into this organelle. Within the lysosome, DOX becomes protonated upon acidification of the lysosomal lumen, causing its accumulation. This mechanism efficiently traps DOX, preventing its cytotoxic interaction with nuclear DNA. This review discusses these effects and highlights a novel mechanism by which redox-active and protonatable Pgp substrates can utilize lysosomal Pgp to gain access to this compartment, resulting in catastrophic lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Hence, a key MDR mechanism that utilizes Pgp (the "gun") to sequester protonatable drug substrates safely within lysosomes can be "turned on" MDR cancer cells to destroy them from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Seebacher
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Estrela JM, Ortega A, Mena S, Sirerol JA, Obrador E. Glutathione in metastases: From mechanisms to clinical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 53:253-67. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1136259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Ortega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Antoni Sirerol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology and
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Maxwell T, Banu T, Price E, Tharkur J, Campos MGN, Gesquiere A, Santra S. Non-Cytotoxic Quantum Dot-Chitosan Nanogel Biosensing Probe for Potential Cancer Targeting Agent. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:2359-2379. [PMID: 28347126 PMCID: PMC5304800 DOI: 10.3390/nano5042359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dot (Qdot) biosensors have consistently provided valuable information to researchers about cellular activity due to their unique fluorescent properties. Many of the most popularly used Qdots contain cadmium, posing the risk of toxicity that could negate their attractive optical properties. The design of a non-cytotoxic probe usually involves multiple components and a complex synthesis process. In this paper, the design and synthesis of a non-cytotoxic Qdot-chitosan nanogel composite using straight-forward cyanogen bromide (CNBr) coupling is reported. The probe was characterized by spectroscopy (UV-Vis, fluorescence), microscopy (Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. This activatable (“OFF”/“ON”) probe contains a core–shell Qdot (CdS:Mn/ZnS) capped with dopamine, which acts as a fluorescence quencher and a model drug. Dopamine capped “OFF” Qdots can undergo ligand exchange with intercellular glutathione, which turns the Qdots “ON” to restore fluorescence. These Qdots were then coated with chitosan (natural biocompatible polymer) functionalized with folic acid (targeting motif) and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC; fluorescent dye). To demonstrate cancer cell targetability, the interaction of the probe with cells that express different folate receptor levels was analyzed, and the cytotoxicity of the probe was evaluated on these cells and was shown to be nontoxic even at concentrations as high as 100 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Tahmina Banu
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, 127600 Pegasus Drive, Engineering 1, Suite 207, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Edward Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Jeremy Tharkur
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
| | - Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400, Brazil.
| | - Andre Gesquiere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, 127600 Pegasus Drive, Engineering 1, Suite 207, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162700, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, 127600 Pegasus Drive, Engineering 1, Suite 207, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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The Tumorigenic Roles of the Cellular REDOX Regulatory Systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8413032. [PMID: 26682014 PMCID: PMC4670861 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8413032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular REDOX regulatory systems play a central role in maintaining REDOX homeostasis that is crucial for cell integrity, survival, and proliferation. To date, a substantial amount of data has demonstrated that cancer cells typically undergo increasing oxidative stress as the tumor develops, upregulating these important antioxidant systems in order to survive, proliferate, and metastasize under these extreme oxidative stress conditions. Since a large number of chemotherapeutic agents currently used in the clinic rely on the induction of ROS overload or change of ROS quality to kill the tumor, the cancer cell REDOX adaptation represents a significant obstacle to conventional chemotherapy. In this review we will first examine the different factors that contribute to the enhanced oxidative stress generally observed within the tumor microenvironment. We will then make a comprehensive assessment of the current literature regarding the main antioxidant proteins and systems that have been shown to be positively associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance. Finally we will make an analysis of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs that induce ROS. The current knowledge of cancer cell REDOX adaptation raises the issue of developing novel and more effective therapies for these tumors that are usually resistant to conventional ROS inducing chemotherapy.
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Gottesman MM, Lavi O, Hall MD, Gillet JP. Toward a Better Understanding of the Complexity of Cancer Drug Resistance. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:85-102. [PMID: 26514196 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a complex process that results from alterations in drug targets; development of alternative pathways for growth activation; changes in cellular pharmacology, including increased drug efflux; regulatory changes that alter differentiation pathways or pathways for response to environmental adversity; and/or changes in the local physiology of the cancer, such as blood supply, tissue hydrodynamics, behavior of neighboring cells, and immune system response. All of these specific mechanisms are facilitated by the intrinsic hallmarks of cancer, such as tumor cell heterogeneity, redundancy of growth-promoting pathways, increased mutation rate and/or epigenetic alterations, and the dynamic variation of tumor behavior in time and space. Understanding the relative contribution of each of these factors is further complicated by the lack of adequate in vitro models that mimic clinical cancers. Several strategies to use current knowledge of drug resistance to improve treatment of cancer are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Orit Lavi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Matthew D Hall
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; , ,
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit-URPhyM, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium;
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45
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Mei X, Yang M, Jiang B, Ding X, Deng W, Dong Y, Chen L, Liu X, Zhu S. Proteomic analysis on zoxamide-induced sensitivity changes in Phytophthora cactorum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 123:9-18. [PMID: 26267047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zoxamide is an important fungicide for oomycete disease management. In this study, we established the baseline sensitivity of Phytophthora cactorum to zoxamide and assessed the risk of developing resistance to zoxamide using ultraviolet irradiation and fungicide taming methods. All 73 studied isolates were sensitive to zoxamide, with effective concentrations for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth ranging from 0.04 to 0.29 mg/L and mean of 0.15 mg/L. Stable zoxamide-resistant mutants of P. cactorum were not obtained from four arbitrarily selected isolates by either treating mycelial cultures with ultraviolet irradiation or adapting mycelial cultures to the addition of increasing zoxamide concentrations. However, the sensitivity of the isolates to zoxamide could be easily reduced by successive zoxamide treatments. In addition to displaying decreased sensitivity to zoxamide, these isolates also showed decreased sensitivity to the fungicides flumorph and cymoxanil. Proteomic analysis indicated that some proteins involved in antioxidant detoxification, ATP-dependent multidrug resistance, and anti-apoptosis activity, are likely responsible for the induced decrease in the sensitivity of P. cactorum to zoxamide compared to controls. Further semi-quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene expression profiles of most of above proteins were consistent with the proteomic analysis. Based on the above results, P. cactorum shows low resistance risk to zoxamide; however, the fungicidal effect of zoxamide might be decreased due to induced resistance when this fungicide is continuously applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bingbing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Weiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yumei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua Eastern Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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46
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Mohell N, Alfredsson J, Fransson Å, Uustalu M, Byström S, Gullbo J, Hallberg A, Bykov VJN, Björklund U, Wiman KG. APR-246 overcomes resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2015. [PMID: 26086967 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.143] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two main causes of platinum resistance are mutation in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and drug-induced increase in intracellular glutathione concentration. Mutations in TP53 occur in about 50% of human tumors. APR-246 (PRIMA-1(MET)) is the first clinical-stage compound that reactivates mutant p53 and induces apoptosis. APR-246 is a prodrug that is converted to the active compound methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), a Michael acceptor that binds to cysteine residues in mutant p53 and restores its wild-type conformation. Here, we show that MQ also binds to cysteine in glutathione, thus decreasing intracellular free glutathione concentration. We also show that treatment with APR-246 completely restores the cisplatin and doxorubicin sensitivity to p53-mutant drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. However, MQ binding to cysteines in other targets, for example, thioredoxin reductase, may contribute as well. Strong synergy was also observed with the DNA-damaging drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine, while additive effects were found with the taxane docetaxel. Our results provide a strong rationale for the ongoing clinical study with APR-246 in combination with platinum-based therapy in patients with p53-mutant recurrent high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian cancer. More than 96% of these patients carry TP53 mutations. Combined treatment with APR-246 and platinum or other DNA-damaging drugs could allow dramatically improved therapy of a wide range of therapy refractory p53 mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Gullbo
- 1] Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Hallberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - V J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - K G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Mohell N, Alfredsson J, Fransson Å, Uustalu M, Byström S, Gullbo J, Hallberg A, Bykov VJN, Björklund U, Wiman KG. APR-246 overcomes resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2015. [PMID: 26086967 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.143]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two main causes of platinum resistance are mutation in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and drug-induced increase in intracellular glutathione concentration. Mutations in TP53 occur in about 50% of human tumors. APR-246 (PRIMA-1(MET)) is the first clinical-stage compound that reactivates mutant p53 and induces apoptosis. APR-246 is a prodrug that is converted to the active compound methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), a Michael acceptor that binds to cysteine residues in mutant p53 and restores its wild-type conformation. Here, we show that MQ also binds to cysteine in glutathione, thus decreasing intracellular free glutathione concentration. We also show that treatment with APR-246 completely restores the cisplatin and doxorubicin sensitivity to p53-mutant drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. However, MQ binding to cysteines in other targets, for example, thioredoxin reductase, may contribute as well. Strong synergy was also observed with the DNA-damaging drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine, while additive effects were found with the taxane docetaxel. Our results provide a strong rationale for the ongoing clinical study with APR-246 in combination with platinum-based therapy in patients with p53-mutant recurrent high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian cancer. More than 96% of these patients carry TP53 mutations. Combined treatment with APR-246 and platinum or other DNA-damaging drugs could allow dramatically improved therapy of a wide range of therapy refractory p53 mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Gullbo
- 1] Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Hallberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - V J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - K G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Mohell N, Alfredsson J, Fransson Å, Uustalu M, Byström S, Gullbo J, Hallberg A, Bykov VJN, Björklund U, Wiman KG. APR-246 overcomes resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1794. [PMID: 26086967 PMCID: PMC4669826 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two main causes of platinum resistance are mutation in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and drug-induced increase in intracellular glutathione concentration. Mutations in TP53 occur in about 50% of human tumors. APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET) is the first clinical-stage compound that reactivates mutant p53 and induces apoptosis. APR-246 is a prodrug that is converted to the active compound methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), a Michael acceptor that binds to cysteine residues in mutant p53 and restores its wild-type conformation. Here, we show that MQ also binds to cysteine in glutathione, thus decreasing intracellular free glutathione concentration. We also show that treatment with APR-246 completely restores the cisplatin and doxorubicin sensitivity to p53-mutant drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. We propose that this unique ability of APR-246/MQ to bind to cysteines in both mutant p53 and glutathione has a key role in the resensitization as well as in the outstanding synergistic effects observed with APR-246 in combination with platinum compounds in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. However, MQ binding to cysteines in other targets, for example, thioredoxin reductase, may contribute as well. Strong synergy was also observed with the DNA-damaging drugs doxorubicin and gemcitabine, while additive effects were found with the taxane docetaxel. Our results provide a strong rationale for the ongoing clinical study with APR-246 in combination with platinum-based therapy in patients with p53-mutant recurrent high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian cancer. More than 96% of these patients carry TP53 mutations. Combined treatment with APR-246 and platinum or other DNA-damaging drugs could allow dramatically improved therapy of a wide range of therapy refractory p53 mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Gullbo
- 1] Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Hallberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - V J N Bykov
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - K G Wiman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Lu QB, Zhang QR, Ou N, Wang CR, Warrington J. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Non-Platinum-Based Halogenated Compounds as Potent Antitumor Agents for Natural Targeted Chemotherapy of Cancers. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:544-53. [PMID: 26351651 PMCID: PMC4551467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a molecular-mechanism-based anticancer drug discovery program enabled by an innovative femtomedicine approach, we have found a previously unknown class of non-platinum-based halogenated molecules (called FMD compounds) as potent antitumor agents for effective treatment of cancers. Here, we present in vitro and in vivo studies of the compounds for targeted chemotherapy of cervical, breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. Our results show that these FMD agents led to DNA damage, cell cycle arrest in the S phase, and apoptosis in cancer cells. We also observed that such a FMD compound caused an increase of reduced glutathione (GSH, an endogenous antioxidant) levels in human normal cells, while it largely depleted GSH in cancer cells. We correspondingly found that these FMD agents exhibited no or little toxicity toward normal cells/tissues, while causing significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, as well as suppression and delay in tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of cervical, ovarian, breast and lung cancers. These compounds are therefore a previously undiscovered class of potent antitumor agents that can be translated into clinical trials for natural targeted chemotherapy of multiple cancers. Femtomedicine may accelerate drug discovery for effective treatment of cancer. A previously undiscovered class of non-platinum-based halogenated compounds is found to have potent antitumor effects. FMD agents can be used for natural targeted chemotherapy of multiple types of cancer while inducing minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Qin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ning Ou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun-Rong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Warrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Abstract
The expression of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is essential to maintaining cysteine levels in the body. GGT is a cell surface enzyme that hydrolyzes the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular reduced and oxidized glutathione, initiating their cleavage into glutamate, cysteine (cystine), and glycine. GGT is normally expressed on the apical surface of ducts and glands, salvaging the amino acids from glutathione in the ductal fluids. GGT in tumors is expressed over the entire cell membrane and provides tumors with access to additional cysteine and cystine from reduced and oxidized glutathione in the blood and interstitial fluid. Cysteine is rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis in cells under oxidative stress. The induction of GGT is observed in tumors with elevated levels of intracellular glutathione. Studies in models of hepatocarcinogenesis show that GGT expression in foci of preneoplastic hepatocytes provides a selective advantage to the cells during tumor promotion with agents that deplete intracellular glutathione. Similarly, expression of GGT in tumors enables cells to maintain elevated levels of intracellular glutathione and to rapidly replenish glutathione during treatment with prooxidant anticancer therapy. In the clinic, the expression of GGT in tumors is correlated with drug resistance. The inhibitors of GGT block GGT-positive tumors from accessing the cysteine in extracellular glutathione. They also inhibit GGT activity in the kidney, which results in the excretion of GSH in the urine and a rapid decrease in blood cysteine levels, leading to depletion of intracellular GSH in both GGT-positive and GGT-negative tumors. GGT inhibitors are being developed for clinical use to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Hanigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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