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Chauhan N, Kruse A, Newby H, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Pluronic Polymer-Based Ormeloxifene Nanoformulations Induce Superior Anticancer Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1147-1156. [PMID: 31984272 PMCID: PMC6977081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of safe cytotoxic agents with precise anticancer activity is considered as the prime focus of cancer therapeutics research. A greater incentive for such agents arises from the molecules/drugs that are already being used for other indications. Ormeloxifene (ORM) is a nonsteroidal, nonhormonal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which has been in human use for contraception purposes. Although in the recent past, many reports have suggested its emerging role as an anticancer agent, no significant attention was paid toward generating simple and safe nanoformulation(s) for improved therapeutic activity and tumor cell-specific delivery. Our aim is to develop nanoformulation(s) of ormeloxifene to improve its targeted delivery in tumor cells. We developed ormeloxifene nanoformulation(s) by utilizing various biocompatible polymers. The optimized formulations with pluronic polymers F127 and F68 show improved nanoparticle characteristics. These formulations show enhanced cellular uptake that allows ormeloxifene's intracellular availability. We further evaluated its improved anticancer activity by performing cell proliferation, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assays. Overall, this study confirms possible novel nanoformulation(s) of ormeloxifene to be evolved as a new therapeutic modality for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Chauhan
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
| | - Amber Kruse
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
- Division
of Natural Sciences, Mount Marty College, Yankton, South Dakota 57078, United States
| | - Hilary Newby
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
- Division
of Natural Sciences, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: +1 (956) 296 1734 (M.M.Y.)
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Cancer
Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: +1 (956) 296 5000 (S.C.C.)
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Miller MM, Alyea RA, LeSommer C, Doheny DL, Rowley SM, Childs KM, Balbuena P, Ross SM, Dong J, Sun B, Andersen MA, Clewell RA. Editor's Highlight: Development of an In vitro Assay Measuring Uterine-Specific Estrogenic Responses for Use in Chemical Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:162-173. [PMID: 27503385 PMCID: PMC5091368 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A toxicity pathway approach was taken to develop an in vitro assay using human uterine epithelial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) cells as a replacement for measuring an in vivo uterotrophic response to estrogens. The Ishikawa cell was determined to be fit for the purpose of recapitulating in vivo uterine response by verifying fidelity of the biological pathway components and the dose-response predictions to women of child-bearing age. Expression of the suite of estrogen receptors that control uterine proliferation (ERα66, ERα46, ERα36, ERβ, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)) were confirmed across passages and treatment conditions. Phenotypic responses to ethinyl estradiol (EE) from transcriptional activation of ER-mediated genes, to ALP enzyme induction and cellular proliferation occurred at concentrations consistent with estrogenic activity in adult women (low picomolar). To confirm utility of this model to predict concentration-response for uterine proliferation with xenobiotics, we tested the concentration-response for compounds with known uterine estrogenic activity in humans and compared the results to assays from the ToxCast and Tox21 suite of estrogen assays. The Ishikawa proliferation assay was consistent with in vivo responses and was a more sensitive measure of uterine response. Because this assay was constructed by first mapping the key molecular events for cellular response, and then ensuring that the assay incorporated these events, the resulting cellular assay should be a reliable tool for identifying estrogenic compounds and may provide improved quantitation of chemical concentration response for in vitro-based safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Miller
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Alyea
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Caroline LeSommer
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sean M Rowley
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kristin M Childs
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Pergentino Balbuena
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Susan M Ross
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jian Dong
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Bin Sun
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Melvin A Andersen
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Clewell
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina;
- ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- *The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Borman ED, Foster WG, Greenacre MKE, Muir CC, deCatanzaro D. Stress lowers the threshold dose at which bisphenol A disrupts blastocyst implantation, in conjunction with decreased uterine closure and e-cadherin. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:87-95. [PMID: 26026914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stress can disrupt blastocyst implantation in inseminated female mice, and evidence implicates elevation of the female's estrogen:progesterone ratio. Exposure to the xenoestrogen, bisphenol A (BPA) can also disrupt implantation. Undisturbed control female CF-1 mice were compared to other females that were exposed to predators (rats) across a wire-mesh grid during gestation days (GD) 1-4, a procedure that elevates corticosterone but does not on its own disrupt implantation in this genetic strain. They were concurrently exposed to varied doses of BPA that on their own were below the threshold dose sufficient to disrupt implantation. On GD 6, we measured the number of intrauterine implantation sites and extracted their uteri, which subsequently were stained and analyzed for uterine luminal area and epithelial cadherin (e-cadherin), a molecule that causes uterine closure and adhesion of blastocysts to the uterine epithelium. The combination of rat-exposure stress and BPA significantly disrupted implantation and increased uterine luminal area, whereas either manipulation on its own did not. E-cadherin was significantly reduced by exposure to BPA, positively correlated with the number of implantation sites, and inversely correlated with luminal area. BPA exposure was also associated with nonmonotonic perturbation of urinary corticosterone concentrations and increased urinary estradiol concentrations on GD 6. These data are consistent with a potential summation of stress-induced estrogen and xenoestrogen activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Borman
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matthew K E Greenacre
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Cameron C Muir
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Denys deCatanzaro
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Khan S, Chauhan N, Yallapu MM, Ebeling MC, Balakrishna S, Ellis RT, Thompson PA, Balabathula P, Behrman SW, Zafar N, Singh MM, Halaweish FT, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Nanoparticle formulation of ormeloxifene for pancreatic cancer. Biomaterials 2015; 53:731-43. [PMID: 25890768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer with about an 85% mortality rate; thus, an utmost need exists to discover new therapeutic modalities that would enhance therapy outcomes of this disease with minimal or no side effects. Ormeloxifene (ORM), a synthetic molecule, has exhibited potent anti-cancer effects through inhibition of important oncogenic and proliferation signaling pathways. However, the anti-cancer efficacy of ORM can be further improved by developing its nanoformulation, which will also offer tumor specific targeted delivery. Therefore, we have developed a novel ORM encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (NP) formulation (PLGA-ORM NP). This formulation was characterized for particle size, chemical composition, and drug loading efficiency, using various physico-chemical methods (TEM, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, and HPLC). Because of its facile composition, this novel formulation is compatible with antibody/aptamer conjugation to achieve tumor specific targeting. The particle size analysis of this PLGA-ORM formulation (∼100 nm) indicates that this formulation can preferentially reach and accumulate in tumors by the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Cellular uptake and internalization studies demonstrate that PLGA-ORM NPs escape lysosomal degradation, providing efficient endosomal release to cytosol. PLGA-ORM NPs showed remarkable anti-cancer potential in various pancreatic cancer cells (HPAF-II, AsPC-1, BxPC-3, Panc-1, and MiaPaca) and a BxPC-3 xenograft mice model resulting in increased animal survival. PLGA-ORM NPs suppressed pancreatic tumor growth via suppression of Akt phosphorylation and expression of MUC1, HER2, PCNA, CK19 and CD31. This study suggests that the PLGA-ORM formulation is highly efficient for the inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth and thus can be valuable for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mara C Ebeling
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Swathi Balakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert T Ellis
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul A Thompson
- Methodology and Data Analysis Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Pavan Balabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Systems, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen W Behrman
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee at Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Man M Singh
- Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fathi T Halaweish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Maher DM, Khan S, Nordquist JL, Ebeling MC, Bauer NA, Kopel L, Singh MM, Halaweish F, Bell MC, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Ormeloxifene efficiently inhibits ovarian cancer growth. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:606-12. [PMID: 25306892 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer related deaths for women. Anticancer agents effective against chemo-resistant cells are greatly needed for ovarian cancer treatment. Repurposing drugs currently in human use is an attractive strategy for developing novel cancer treatments with expedited translation into clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether ormeloxifene (ORM), a non-steroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) currently used for contraception, is therapeutically effective at inhibiting ovarian cancer growth. We report that ORM treatment inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines, including cell lines resistant to cisplatin. Furthermore, ORM treatment decreases Akt phosphorylation, increases p53 phosphorylation, and modulates the expression and localization patterns of p27, cyclin E, cyclin D1, and CDK2. In a pre-clinical xenograft mouse ORM treatment significantly reduces tumorigenesis and metastasis. These results indicate that ORM effectively inhibits the growth of cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells. ORM is currently in human use and has an established record of patient safety. Our encouraging in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo findings indicate that ORM is a promising candidate for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Maher
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jordan L Nordquist
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Mara C Ebeling
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Nichole A Bauer
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Lucas Kopel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, SD 57007, USA
| | | | - Fathi Halaweish
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, SD 57007, USA
| | - Maria C Bell
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Departments of OB/GYN and Basic Biomedical Science Division, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, SD 57105, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Rajabi N, Thorpe JB, Foster WG, deCatanzaro D. Novel male exposure reduces uterine e-cadherin, increases uterine luminal area, and diminishes progesterone levels while disrupting blastocyst implantation in inseminated mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:107-13. [PMID: 23962793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to novel male mice disrupts blastocyst implantation in inseminated female mice, and evidence increasingly implicates the female's absorption of male urinary estrogens. We observed implantation sites in male-exposed and isolated control female mice during gestation days (GD) 2-8, observing a significant reduction in male-exposed females compared to controls, particularly on GD 6 and 8. We also measured transitions in uterine luminal area and e-cadherin expression, as these processes are modulated by estrogens. Luminal area was greater in male-exposed females than in controls during the post-implantation period (GD 5-7). E-cadherin levels were suppressed by male exposure, particularly during GD 4-6 Serum progesterone levels were also reduced in male-exposed females. The effects of male exposure on uterine closure and e-cadherin levels are consistent with established effects of estrogens, and suggest a possible mechanism that could contribute to implantation failure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Pregnancy and Steroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Rajabi
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Aliagas E, Vidal A, Torrejón-Escribano B, Taco MDR, Ponce J, de Aranda IG, Sévigny J, Condom E, Martín-Satué M. Ecto-nucleotidases distribution in human cyclic and postmenopausic endometrium. Purinergic Signal 2012; 9:227-37. [PMID: 23225236 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and its hydrolysis product, adenosine, acting through specific receptors collectively named purinergic receptors, regulate female fertility by influencing the endometrial fluid microenvironment. There are four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases that control the levels of extracellular ATP and adenosine and thus their availability at purinergic receptors: ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phospho-diesterases (E-NPPs), ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'NT), and alkaline phosphatases (APs). The aim of the present work is to characterize the expression and distribution of ecto-nucleotidases in human endometrium along the menstrual cycle and after menopause, to evaluate their potential utility as fertility markers. We examined proliferative, secretory and atrophic endometria from women without endometrial pathology undergoing hysterectomy. We show that the ecto-nucleotidases are mainly present at endometrial epithelia, both luminal and glandular, and that their expression fluctuates along the cycle and also changes after menopause. An important result was identifying NPP3 as a new biological marker of tubal metaplasia. Our results emphasize the relevance of the study of purinergic signaling in human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aliagas
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Murphy BF, Parker SL, Murphy CR, Thompson MB. Placentation in the eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii): a placentome-like structure in a lecithotrophic lizard. J Anat 2011; 218:678-89. [PMID: 21434912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The eastern water skink (Eulamprus quoyii) has lecithotrophic embryos and was previously described as having a simple Type I chorioallantoic placenta. Indeed, it was the species upon which the definition of a Type I placenta was thought to be based, although we had cause to question that assumption. Hence we have described the morphology of the uterus of E. quoyii and found it to be more complex than previously supposed. The mesometrial pole of the uterus in E. quoyii displays a vessel-dense elliptical structure (the VDE) with columnar uterine epithelial cells. As pregnancy proceeds, the uterine epithelium near the mesometrial pole becomes folded and glands become hypertrophied, so that the morphology of VDE resembles that of a placentome, characteristic of Type III placentae. Unlike species with a Type III placenta, the apposing chorioallantoic membrane of E. quoyii is lined with squamous cells and interdigitates with the folded uterine epithelium. The remainder of the uterus is thin with a squamous uterine epithelium throughout pregnancy. Immunohistochemical localisation of blood vessels reveals a dense network of small capillaries directly beneath the folded epithelium of the VDE, while blood vessels are larger and sparser at the abembryonic pole of the uterus. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is present in the uterine epithelium and sub-epithelial blood vessels in newly ovulated females. AP activity disappears from the epithelium between stages 27 and 29 of embryonic development and from the blood vessels after stage 34, but appears in the uterine glands at stage 35, where it remains until the end of pregnancy. Although the VDE is structurally similar to the placentomes found in other viviparous lizards, different distributions of AP activity in the uterus of E. quoyii and Pseudemoia spenceri suggest that the VDE may be functionally different from the placentome of the latter species. Our description of uterine morphology in E. quoyii provides evidence that, at least in some lineages, the evolution of a placentome may not occur in concert with the evolution of microlecithal eggs and obligate placentotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget F Murphy
- School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Lal J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and interaction of centchroman--a mini review. Contraception 2010; 81:275-80. [PMID: 20227542 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a brief review of the information available regarding the published pharmacokinetics data for the nonsteroidal, once-a-week oral contraceptive, centchroman (INN: ormeloxifene). This agent is a unique need-oriented contraceptive agent which is included in the National Family Welfare Programme of India. Since 1991, centchroman has been used as a need-oriented contraceptive and is being given for treating dysfunctional bleeding of the uterus. Information regarding absorption, tissue distribution, elimination and kinetic interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India.
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Effect of ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on biomarkers of endometrial receptivity and pinopode development and its relation to fertility and infertility in Indian subjects. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2298-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kumar V, Lal J, Singh MM, Gupta RC. Effect of concurrently coadministered drugs on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of centchroman, a nonsteroidal oral contraceptive, in rats. Contraception 2006; 74:165-73. [PMID: 16860055 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centchroman (international nonproprietary name: ormeloxifene) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, oral contraceptive, anticancer and antiosteoporotic agent that is intended for long-term use by women. In view of the vast clinical applications and interactions of steroidal oral contraceptives with commonly used therapeutic agents, the interaction potential of certain concomitantly administered therapeutic agents was investigated in terms of postcoital contraceptive efficacy (pharmacological) and the pharmacokinetic profile of centchroman in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The coadministered drugs used in the study were ciprofloxacin, cefixime, amoxicillin, metronidazole, amlodipine, atenolol, theophylline, metformin, pioglitazone and glibenclamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological activity of centchroman was evaluated in sperm-positive female rats at 1.5 mg/kg, with or without coadministered drugs. Rats were sacrificed on Day 10 postcoitus, and autopsy was performed to check for the presence or absence of implantations. The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of centchroman were evaluated in immature ovariectomized rats. Pharmacokinetic interaction was studied in normal female rats with or without coadministered drugs. Serum samples were taken over 120 h and analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method to generate the pharmacokinetic profile of centchroman. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis, and the results were compared. RESULTS In pharmacological interaction studies, centchroman alone showed a 100% success rate when given alone or in the presence of coadministered drugs. The only exception was amoxicillin coadministration, with 66% rats in the group showing resorbed implantations. Further investigation with amoxicillin in ovariectomized immature rats indicates no alteration in the estrogenic and antiestrogenic profiles of centchroman. In pharmacokinetic interaction studies, most of the therapeutic agents affected the rate and extent of absorption of centchroman. In other pharmacokinetic parameters, clearance (CL) remained unchanged; however, there was decrease in bioavailability (F) and volume of distribution (V(d)) in some situations. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there is no direct link between the altered pharmacokinetics of centchroman and the failure of pharmacological effect. The pharmacological interaction with amoxicillin could not be explained on the basis of alteration in the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of centchroman, indicating that different mechanisms are involved. The findings, however, suggest that amoxicillin coadministration may result in pharmacological interaction with centchroman and that caution should be taken in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Kumar
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow 226001, India
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Abstract
Hox genes have a well-characterized role in embryonic development, where they determine identity along the anteroposterior body axis. Hox genes are expressed not only during embryogenesis but also in the adult, where they are necessary for functional differentiation. Despite the known function of these genes as transcription factors, few regulatory mechanisms that drive Hox expression are known. Recently, several hormones and their cognate receptors have been shown to regulate Hox gene expression and thereby mediate development in the embryo as well as functional differentiation in the adult organism. Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D have been shown to regulate Hox gene expression. In the embryo, the endocrine system directs axial Hox gene expression; aberrant Hox gene expression due to exposure to endocrine disruptors contributes to the teratogenicity of these compounds. In the adult, endocrine regulation of Hox genes is necessary to enable such diverse functions as hematopoiesis and reproduction; endocrinopathies can result in dysregulated HOX gene expression affecting physiology. By regulating HOX genes, hormonal signals utilize a conserved mechanism that allows generation of structural and functional diversity in both developing and adult tissues. This review discusses endocrine Hox regulation and its impact on physiology and human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang S Daftary
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA
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Fouladi-Nashta AA, Jones CJP, Nijjar N, Mohamet L, Smith A, Chambers I, Kimber SJ. Characterization of the uterine phenotype during the peri-implantation period for LIF-null, MF1 strain mice. Dev Biol 2005; 281:1-21. [PMID: 15848385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor plays a major role in the uterus and in its absence embryos fail to implant. Our knowledge of the targets for LIF and the consequences of its absence is still very incomplete. In this study, we have examined the ultrastructure of the potential implantation site in LIF-null MF1 female mice compared to that of wild type animals. We also compared expression of proteins associated with implantation in luminal epithelium and stroma. Luminal epithelial cells (LE) of null animals failed to develop apical pinopods, had increased glycocalyx, and retained a columnar shape during the peri-implantation period. Stromal cells of LIF-null animals showed no evidence of decidual giant cell formation even by day 6 of pregnancy. A number of proteins normally expressed in decidualizing stroma did not increase in abundance in the LIF-null animals including desmin, tenascin, Cox-2, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -7, and Hoxa-10. In wild type animals, the IL-6 family member Oncostatin M (OSM) was found to be transiently expressed in the luminal epithelium on late day 4 and then in the stroma at the attachment site on days 5-6 of pregnancy, with a similar but not identical pattern to that of Cox-2. In the LIF-null animals, no OSM protein was detected in either LE or stroma adjacent to the embryo, indicating that expression requires uterine LIF in addition to a blastocyst signal. Fucosylated epitopes: the H-type-1 antigen and those recognized by lectins from Ulex europaeus-1 and Tetragonolobus purpureus were enhanced on apical LE on day 4 of pregnancy. H-type-1 antigen remained higher on day 5, and was not reduced even by day 6 in contrast to wild type uterus. These data point to a profound disturbance of normal luminal epithelial and stromal differentiation during early pregnancy in LIF-nulls. On this background, we also obtained less than a Mendelian ratio of null offspring suggesting developmental failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fouladi-Nashta
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.239 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Khurana M, Lal J, Singh MM, Paliwal JK, Kamboj VP, Gupta RC. Evaluation of interaction potential of certain concurrently administered drugs with pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profile of centchroman in rats. Contraception 2002; 66:47-56. [PMID: 12169381 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Centchroman (Ormeloxifene) is a nonsteroidal, selective estrogen receptor modulator, oral contraceptive and anticancer agent, and is intended for long-term use by women. In view of its vast clinical application and the interaction of steroidal oral contraceptives with certain commonly used therapeutic agents, evaluation of interaction of certain concomitantly administered therapeutic agents (ibuprofen, rifampicin, diazepam, salbutamol, nifedipine, paracetamol, haloperidol, and tetracycline), in terms of both the postcoital contraceptive efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile, with centchroman was undertaken in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Among the representatives from each commonly used therapeutic category, interaction (pharmacokinetic) was observed with ibuprofen (60 mg/kg, twice daily), haloperidol (0.7 mg/kg, twice daily), and tetracycline (140 mg/kg, twice daily) coadministration on Days 1 through 5 postcoitum. Of these three therapeutic agents, only tetracycline interfered with the contraceptive efficacy of centchroman. It reduced the bioavailability of centchroman and its active metabolite by increasing their excretion through bile and feces. Increased metabolite excretion on tetracycline coadministration indicates the enterohepatic recirculation of the metabolite, not the parent drug. However, the effect of tetracycline was negated by the inclusion of lactic acid bacillus spores in the regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khurana
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Bagot CN, Kliman HJ, Taylor HS. Maternal Hoxa10 is required for pinopod formation in the development of mouse uterine receptivity to embryo implantation. Dev Dyn 2001; 222:538-44. [PMID: 11747087 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoxa10 is a homeobox gene that is expressed both during the embryogenesis of the genitourinary tract and in the adult reproductive tract. Maternal Hoxa10 expression is necessary for endometrial receptivity to blastocyst implantation. The mechanism by which Hoxa10 induces endometrial development to a state of receptivity is unknown as HOXA10-deficient endometrium appears histologically normal. We altered the expression of Hoxa10 in the uterus of cycling adult female mice and examined the uterus at the time of implantation by transmission electron microscopy for alterations in epithelial morphology. Pinopods are projections on the surface of the uterine endometrial epithelial cells that develop transiently at the time of endometrial receptivity. Blocking Hoxa10 expression by transfection of Hoxa10 antisense into the cycling mouse uterus before implantation dramatically decreased pinopod number. Constitutively expressing Hoxa10 in the uterus just before the normal time of pinopod formation resulted in increased pinopod number. Therefore, Hoxa10 is necessary for pinopod development. Hox genes have been implicated in both the regulation of cellular proliferation and the determination of developmental fate. Hoxa10 exemplifies this dual role in the uterus by regulating both endometrial stromal cell proliferation and epithelial cell morphogenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that maternal Hoxa10 has an essential role in pinopod development and this function of Hoxa10 likely contributes to endometrial receptivity for the purpose of blastocyst implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Bagot
- Yale University School of Medicine, Laboratory of Developmental Endocrinology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA
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Singh MM. Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a contraceptive and for the management of hormone-related clinical disorders. Med Res Rev 2001; 21:302-47. [PMID: 11410933 DOI: 10.1002/med.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DL-Centchroman (67/20; INN: Ormeloxifene) synthesized at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, is a nonsteroidal once-a-week oral contraceptive. It was introduced in Delhi in July, 1991, marketed in India in 1992 as Saheli and Choice-7 (Hindustan Latex Ltd., Thiruvananthapuram) and Centron (Torrent Pharmaceuticals India Ltd., Ahmedabad), and included in the National Family Welfare Programme in 1995.5 According to post-marketing surveillance, approximately 100,000 women were using this pill and approximately 1100,000 menstrual cycles were covered until 1996. It is a unique need-oriented contraceptive being effective when taken immediately after coitus or routinely as a weekly pill and has the advantage of less frequent administration. Its contraceptive action is quickly reversible. It has long terminal serum halflife of 168 hr in women and exhibits duration of anti-implantation/estrogen antagonistic action of 120 hr, despite a short (24.1 hr) serum halflife, in the rat. In lactating women, it is excreted in milk in quantities considered unlikely to cause any deleterious effect on suckling babies. In phase II and III multicentric trials as a contraceptive, children born of method-and-user failure pregnancies showed normal milestones, without any congenital anomaly. Reports of its promising action in the management of certain hormone-related clinical disorders are available. It has an excellent therapeutic index and is considered safe for chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India
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