1
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Tapia MA, Sage AS, Fullerton EI, Judd JM, Hildebrant PC, Will MJ, Lever SZ, Lever JR, Miller DK. The sigma receptor ligand N-phenylpropyl-N'-(4-methoxyphenethyl)3piperazine (YZ-067) enhances the cocaine conditioned-rewarding properties while inhibiting the development of sensitization of cocaine in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:723-734. [PMID: 31822924 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The N-phenylpropyl-N'-substituted piperazines SA-4503 (N-phenylpropyl-N'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)piperazine) and YZ-185 (N-phenylpropyl-N'-(3-methoxyphenethyl)piperazine) bind to sigma (σ) receptors and block the development of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference at concentrations that inhibit cocaine-induced hyperactivity. YZ-067 (N-phenylpropyl-N'-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperazine) also binds to sigma receptors and attenuates cocaine-induced hyperactivity in mice. OBJECTIVES The present study determined the effect of YZ-067 on the development and expression of cocaine (66 μmol/kg or 33 μmol/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization in mice. RESULTS YZ-067 (10 or 31.6 μmol/kg) did not have intrinsic effects on place preference or place aversion. Interestingly, the 31.6 μmol/kg YZ-067 dose enhanced the development of cocaine place preference, while 10 μmol/kg YZ-067 attenuated the development of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. However, YZ-067 did not alter the expression of cocaine place preference nor cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. In follow-up studies, YZ-067 did not affect performance in the zero maze or rotarod, indicating that sigma receptors probed by this ligand do not regulate anxiety-like or coordinated motor skill behaviors, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, these results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating a role for sigma receptors in the behavioral effects of cocaine. However, the present findings also indicate that N-phenylpropyl-N'-substituted piperazines do not strictly block cocaine's behavioral effects and that sigma receptor may differentially mediate cocaine-induced hyperactivity and place conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Andrew S Sage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Emma I Fullerton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jessica M Judd
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Paige C Hildebrant
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Departments of Radiology, and Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis K Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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2
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Palmisano AN, Astur RS. Nicotine Facilitation of Conditioned Place Preference to Food Reward in Humans. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2156-2164. [PMID: 32720546 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1795682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has recently been shown to enhance the motivational value of non-nicotine stimuli in nonhumans. To investigate whether nicotine also enhances reward in humans, we used a virtual translation of the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to examine nicotine's reward-enhancing effects using a low-dose 2 mg nicotine lozenge targeted to a mild use population. Methods: Sixty-eight nicotine-using undergraduates were randomly assigned to receive either a 2 mg nicotine or placebo lozenge prior to conditioning. During each of six, three-minute conditioning sessions, participants were confined to one of two VR rooms. In one room, they received real chocolate M&Ms, whereas no M&Ms were administered in the other room. Following conditioning, a three-minute free-access test session occurred during which participants had unrestricted access to both rooms without reward. Results: Individuals who received nicotine demonstrated a CPP by spending significantly more time in the room previously paired with M&Ms compared to the unrewarded room (p = 0.04). Those who received placebo did not demonstrate a CPP (p > 0.05). Moreover, we observed no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of the amount of time spent in each virtual room. Conclusion: While nicotine seems to facilitate CPP expression for a virtual environment previously paired with chocolate food rewards, further characterization of the mechanism by which this occurs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Palmisano
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert S Astur
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Katz JL, Hiranita T, Hong WC, Job MO, McCurdy CR. A Role for Sigma Receptors in Stimulant Self-Administration and Addiction. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 244:177-218. [PMID: 28110353 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sigma receptors (σRs) are structurally unique proteins that function intracellularly as chaperones. Historically, σRs have been implicated as modulators of psychomotor stimulant effects and have at times been proposed as potential avenues for modifying stimulant abuse. However, the influence of ligands for σRs on the effects of stimulants, such as cocaine or methamphetamine, in various preclinical procedures related to drug abuse has been varied. The present paper reviews the effects of σR agonists and antagonists in three particularly relevant procedures: stimulant discrimination, place conditioning, and self-administration. The literature to date suggests limited σR involvement in the discriminative-stimulus effects of psychomotor stimulants, either with σR agonists substituting for the stimulant or with σR antagonists blocking stimulant effects. In contrast, studies of place conditioning suggest that administration of σR antagonists or down-regulation of σR protein can block the place conditioning induced by stimulants. Despite place conditioning results, selective σR antagonists are inactive in blocking the self-administration of stimulants. However, compounds binding to the dopamine transporter and blocking σRs can selectively decrease stimulant self-administration. Further, after self-administration of stimulants, σR agonists are self-administered, an effect not seen in subjects without that specific history. These findings suggest that stimulants induce unique changes in σR activity, and once established, the changes induced create redundant, and dopamine independent reinforcement pathways. Concomitant targeting of both dopaminergic pathways and σR proteins produces a selective antagonism of those pathways, suggesting new avenues for combination chemotherapies to specifically combat stimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weimin C Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, 46208, USA
| | - Martin O Job
- Psychobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
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4
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Park JY, Shin YG, Kim KW, Kwon YB, Yoon SH. Syntheses of 7-Substituted α-Cyperone Derivatives for Selective Sigma-1 Receptor over Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Binding Affinities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Volf N, Hu G, Li M. Iptakalim Preferentially Decreases Nicotine-induced Hyperlocomotion in Phencyclidine-sensitized Rats: A Potential Dual Action against Nicotine Addiction and Psychosis. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 10:168-79. [PMID: 23430396 PMCID: PMC3569163 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2012.10.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Iptakalim is a putative ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener. It is also a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker and can antagonize nicotine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Our recent work also shows that iptakalim exhibits a clozapine-like atypical antipsychotic profile, indicating that iptakalim may possess a dual action against nicotine addiction and schizophrenia. Methods The present study examined the potential therapeutic effects of iptakalim on nicotine use in schizophrenia. We created an animal model of comorbidity of nicotine addiction and schizophrenia by injecting male Sprague-Dawley rats with nicotine (0.40 mg/kg, subcutaneously[sc]) or saline, in combination with phencyclidine (PCP, 3.0 mg/kg, sc) or saline daily for 14 consecutive days. Results During the PCP/nicotine sensitization phase, PCP and nicotine independently increased motor activity over time. PCP also disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response. Acute nicotine treatment attenuated the PCP-induced hyperlocomotion and PCP-induced disruption of PPI, whereas repeated nicotine treatment potentiated these effects. Importantly, pretreatment with iptakalim (10-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) reduced nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion in a dose-dependent fashion. This reduction effect was highly selective: it was more effective in rats previously sensitized to the combination of PCP and nicotine, but less effective in rats sensitized to saline, nicotine alone or PCP alone. Conclusion To the extent that the combined nicotine and PCP sensitization mimics comorbid nicotine addiction in schizophrenia, the preferential inhibitory effect of iptakalim on nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion suggests that iptakalim may be a potential useful drug for the treatment nicotine abuse in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Volf
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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6
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Matsumoto RR. Targeting sigma receptors: novel medication development for drug abuse and addiction. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 2:351-8. [PMID: 22112179 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant abuse is a serious health and societal problem in industrialized and developing countries. However, the identification of an effective pharmacotherapy to treat it has remained elusive. It has long been known that many psychostimulant drugs, including cocaine and methamphetamine, interact with sigma receptors in the brain and heart, offering a logical target for medication development efforts. However, selective pharmacological agents and molecular biological tools have only recently become available to rigorously evaluate these receptors as viable medication development targets. The current review will summarize provocative preclinical data, demonstrating the ability of sigma receptor antagonists and antisense oligonucleotides to ameliorate cocaine-induced convulsions, lethality, locomotor activity and sensitization, and conditioned place-preference in rodents. Recent studies suggest that the protective effects of sigma receptor antagonists also extend to actions produced by methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ethanol and other abused substances. Together, the data indicate that targeting sigma receptors, particularly the σ(1)-subtype, may offer an innovative approach for combating the effects of cocaine, and perhaps other abused substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae R Matsumoto
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, PO Box 9500, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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7
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The sigma receptor agonist SA4503 both attenuates and enhances the effects of methamphetamine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 116:203-10. [PMID: 21277708 PMCID: PMC3105201 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine's behavioral effects have been attributed to its interaction with monoamine transporters; however, methamphetamine also has affinity for sigma receptors. METHOD The present study investigated the effect of the sigma receptor agonist SA 4503 and the sigma receptor antagonists BD-1047 and BD-1063 on methamphetamine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release from preloaded rat striatal slices. The effect of SA 4503 on methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and on the discriminative stimulus properties of methamphetamine also was determined. RESULTS SA 4503 attenuated methamphetamine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. BD-1047 and BD-1063 did not affect release. SA 4503 dose-dependently potentiated and attenuated methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity. SA 4503 pretreatment augmented the stimulus properties of methamphetamine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SA 4503 both enhances and inhibits methamphetamine's effects and that sigma receptors are involved in the neurochemical, locomotor stimulatory and discriminative stimulus properties of methamphetamine.
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8
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Katz JL, Su TP, Hiranita T, Hayashi T, Tanda G, Kopajtic T, Tsai SY. A Role for Sigma Receptors in Stimulant Self Administration and Addiction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:880-914. [PMID: 21904468 PMCID: PMC3167211 DOI: 10.3390/ph4060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma1 receptors (σ1Rs) represent a structurally unique class of intracellular proteins that function as chaperones. σ1Rs translocate from the mitochondria-associated membrane to the cell nucleus or cell membrane, and through protein-protein interactions influence several targets, including ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids, and other signaling proteins. Several studies have demonstrated that σR antagonists block stimulant-induced behavioral effects, including ambulatory activity, sensitization, and acute toxicities. Curiously, the effects of stimulants have been blocked by σR antagonists tested under place-conditioning but not self-administration procedures, indicating fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these two effects. The self administration of σR agonists has been found in subjects previously trained to self administer cocaine. The reinforcing effects of the σR agonists were blocked by σR antagonists. Additionally, σR agonists were found to increase dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell, a brain region considered important for the reinforcing effects of abused drugs. Although the effects of the σR agonist, DTG, on dopamine were obtained at doses that approximated those that maintained self administration behavior those of another agonist, PRE-084 required higher doses. The effects of DTG were antagonized by non-selective or a preferential σ2R antagonist but not by a preferential σ1R antagonist. The effects of PRE-084 on dopamine were insensitive to σR antagonists. The data suggest that the self administration of σR agonists is independent of dopamine and the findings are discussed in light of a hypothesis that cocaine has both intracellular actions mediated by σRs, as well as extracellular actions mediated through conventionally studied mechanisms. The co-activation and potential interactions among these mechanisms, in particular those involving the intracellular chaperone σRs, may lead to the pernicious addictive effects of stimulant drugs.
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9
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Rodvelt KR, Lever SZ, Lever JR, Blount LR, Fan KH, Miller DK. SA 4503 attenuates cocaine-induced hyperactivity and enhances methamphetamine substitution for a cocaine discriminative stimulus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97:676-82. [PMID: 21115033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine exhibits preferential (~15-fold) affinity for σ₁ over σ₂ sigma receptors, and previous research has shown an interaction of σ₁ receptor-selective ligands and cocaine's behavioral effects. The present study investigated the effect of the putative sigma receptor agonist SA 4503 (1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride) on cocaine's locomotor stimulatory and discriminative stimulus properties. At doses without intrinsic activity, SA 4503 dose-dependently attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity in mice. This inhibition was overcome by increasing the cocaine dose. In rats trained to use cocaine as a discriminative stimulus in a drug discrimination task, doses of SA 4503 that did not substitute for the cocaine stimulus did not alter the cocaine substitution curve. However, SA 4503 potentiated the effect of methamphetamine to substitute for the cocaine stimulus. These data support a role for sigma receptors in the locomotor-activating properties of cocaine and, importantly, indicate a role for these receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine. The data also suggest sigma receptors mediate the activity of different dopamine pathways responsible for the behavioral effects of psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli R Rodvelt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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10
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Micheli F, Arista L, Bonanomi G, Blaney FE, Braggio S, Capelli AM, Checchia A, Damiani F, Di-Fabio R, Fontana S, Gentile G, Griffante C, Hamprecht D, Marchioro C, Mugnaini M, Piner J, Ratti E, Tedesco G, Tarsi L, Terreni S, Worby A, Ashby CR, Heidbreder C. 1,2,4-Triazolyl Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes: A New Series of Potent and Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 53:374-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901319p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Micheli
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Arista
- Novartis Institute Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Bonanomi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Frank E. Blaney
- Molecular Discovery Research
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, NFSP, Harlow, U.K
| | - Simone Braggio
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Capelli
- Molecular Discovery Research
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Checchia
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Romano Di-Fabio
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Fontana
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gentile
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Griffante
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Carla Marchioro
- Molecular Discovery Research
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Manolo Mugnaini
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Jacqui Piner
- Safety Assessment
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, NFSP, Harlow, U.K
| | - Emiliangelo Ratti
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, NFSP, Harlow, U.K
| | - Giovanna Tedesco
- Molecular Discovery Research
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Tarsi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Terreni
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Worby
- Molecular Discovery Research
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, NFSP, Harlow, U.K
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saint John’s University, Jamaica, New York 11439
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Abstract
The core nature of nicotine dependence is evident in wide variations in how individuals become and remain smokers. Individuals with pre-existing behavioral traits are more likely to develop nicotine dependence and experience difficulty when attempting to quit. Many molecular factors likely contribute to individual variations in the development of nicotine dependence and behavioral traits in complex manners. However, the identification of such molecules has been hampered by the phenotypic complexity of nicotine dependence and the complex ways molecules affect elements of nicotine dependence. We hypothesize that nicotine dependence is, in part, a result of interactions between nicotine and pre-existing behavioral traits. This perspective suggests that the identification of the molecular bases of such pre-existing behavioral traits will contribute to the development of effective methods for reducing smoking dependence and for helping smokers to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hiroi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Psychobiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - D Scott
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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12
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Micheli F, Bonanomi G, Blaney FE, Braggio S, Capelli AM, Checchia A, Curcuruto O, Damiani F, Fabio RD, Donati D, Gentile G, Gribble A, Hamprecht D, Tedesco G, Terreni S, Tarsi L, Lightfoot A, Stemp G, Macdonald G, Smith A, Pecoraro M, Petrone M, Perini O, Piner J, Rossi T, Worby A, Pilla M, Valerio E, Griffante C, Mugnaini M, Wood M, Scott C, Andreoli M, Lacroix L, Schwarz A, Gozzi A, Bifone A, Ashby CR, Hagan JJ, Heidbreder C. 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thiopropyl-tetrahydrobenzazepines: a series of potent and selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5076-89. [PMID: 17867665 DOI: 10.1021/jm0705612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new highly potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists has recently permitted characterization of the role of the dopamine D3 receptor in a wide range of preclinical animal models. A novel series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thiopropyl-tetrahydrobenzazepines demonstrating a high level of D3 affinity and selectivity with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile is reported here. In particular, the pyrazolyl derivative 35 showed good oral bioavailability and brain penetration associated with high potency and selectivity in vitro. In vivo characterization of 35 confirmed that this compound blocks the expression of nicotine- and cocaine-conditioned place preference in the rat, prevents nicotine-triggered reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in the rat, reduces oral operant alcohol self-administration in the mouse, increases extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, and potentiates the amplitude of the relative cerebral blood volume response to d-amphetamine in a regionally specific manner in the rat brain.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Administration, Oral
- Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control
- Animals
- Benzazepines/chemical synthesis
- Benzazepines/pharmacokinetics
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/metabolism
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- ERG1 Potassium Channel
- Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacokinetics
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control
- Triazoles/chemical synthesis
- Triazoles/pharmacokinetics
- Triazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Micheli
- Psychiatry Centre of Excellence, Molecular Discovery Research, and Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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13
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Wilkinson JL, Bevins RA. Intravenous nicotine conditions a place preference in rats using an unbiased design. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 88:256-64. [PMID: 17888504 PMCID: PMC2248701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rewarding effects of nicotine contribute to the chronic use of tobacco products. The place conditioning task, a widely used pre-clinical model to study drug reward, has lead to mixed results in rats when nicotine was administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally; intravenously administered nicotine has not been examined. Further, much of the research demonstrating a nicotine-conditioned place preference in rats has used a biased design making these results susceptible to non-reward interpretations. The present study assessed whether intravenous (IV) nicotine would condition a place preference in an unbiased design and evaluated important behavioral parameters: nicotine dose, number of conditioning trials, and infusion-to-placement interval. In adult male Sprague Dawley rats, IV nicotine (0.03 mg/kg) conditioned a place preference after 8 conditioning trials. This conditioned preference was observed whether nicotine was infused 10 min before or immediately after placement in the paired environment for 10 min; infusing nicotine immediately after removal from the paired environment did not condition a preference after 4 or 8 conditioning trials. Four conditioning trials were not sufficient to condition a preference regardless of the temporal relation between the paired environment and 0.03 mg/kg nicotine. A 0.01 mg/kg dose of nicotine did not condition a place preference after 4 or 8 trials when infused immediately upon placement in the paired environment. Intravenous nicotine (0.03 mg/kg) has rewarding effects in an unbiased design suggesting that the place conditioning protocol used in the present study might be an especially useful model for studying the processes underlying the conditioned rewarding effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick A. Bevins
- Address correspondence to: Rick A. Bevins, Ph.D., 238 Burnett Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, Phone: 402\472-1189, FAX: 402\472-4637, e-mail:
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Tzschentke TM. Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade. Addict Biol 2007; 12:227-462. [PMID: 17678505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to study the motivational effects of drugs and non-drug treatments in experimental animals. This is obvious from a steady year-to-year increase in the number of publications reporting the use this model. Since the compilation of the preceding review in 1998, more than 1000 new studies using place conditioning have been published, and the aim of the present review is to provide an overview of these recent publications. There are a number of trends and developments that are obvious in the literature of the last decade. First, as more and more knockout and transgenic animals become available, place conditioning is increasingly used to assess the motivational effects of drugs or non-drug rewards in genetically modified animals. Second, there is a still small but growing literature on the use of place conditioning to study the motivational aspects of pain, a field of pre-clinical research that has so far received little attention, because of the lack of appropriate animal models. Third, place conditioning continues to be widely used to study tolerance and sensitization to the rewarding effects of drugs induced by pre-treatment regimens. Fourth, extinction/reinstatement procedures in place conditioning are becoming increasingly popular. This interesting approach is thought to model certain aspects of relapse to addictive behavior and has previously almost exclusively been studied in drug self-administration paradigms. It has now also become established in the place conditioning literature and provides an additional and technically easy approach to this important phenomenon. The enormous number of studies to be covered in this review prevented in-depth discussion of many methodological, pharmacological or neurobiological aspects; to a large extent, the presentation of data had to be limited to a short and condensed summary of the most relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Tzschentke
- Grünenthal GmbH, Preclinical Research and Development, Department of Pharmacology, Aachen, Germany.
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Wu HE, Schwasinger ET, Terashvili M, Tseng LF. dextro-Morphine attenuates the morphine-produced conditioned place preference via the sigma(1) receptor activation in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 562:221-6. [PMID: 17335800 PMCID: PMC1936970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An unbiased conditioned place preference paradigm was used to evaluate the effect of dextro-morphine on the morphine-produced reward in male CD rats. Morphine sulfate (1-10 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally dose-dependently produced the conditioned place preference. Pretreatment with dextro-morphine at a dose from 0.1 to 3 microg/kg given subcutaneously dose-dependently attenuated the morphine-produced conditioned place preference. However, dextro-morphine at a higher dose 100 microg/kg did not affect the morphine-produced conditioned place preference. Thus, dextro-morphine pretreatment induces a U-shaped dose-response curve for attenuating the morphine-produced conditioned place preference. The attenuation of the morphine-produced conditioned place preference was reversed by the pretreatment with the sigma(1) receptor antagonist BD1047 (N-[2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine dihydrobromide. dextro-Morphine or BD1047 given alone did not affect the baseline place conditioning. It is concluded that dextro-morphine attenuated the morphine-produced conditioned place preference via the sigma(1) receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-en Wu
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53226
| | - Emma T. Schwasinger
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53226
| | - Maia Terashvili
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53226
| | - Leon F. Tseng
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
53226
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Pak AC, Ashby CR, Heidbreder CA, Pilla M, Gilbert J, Xi ZX, Gardner EL. The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A reduces nicotine-enhanced brain reward and nicotine-paired environmental cue functions. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006; 9:585-602. [PMID: 16942635 PMCID: PMC3732043 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145706006560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that enhanced dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) may play a role in mediating the reward and reinforcement produced by addictive drugs and in the attentional processing of drug-associated environmental cues. The meso-accumbens DA system is selectively enriched with DA D3 receptors, a DA receptor subtype increasingly implicated in reward-related brain and behavioural processes. From a variety of evidence, it has been suggested that selective DA D3 receptor antagonism may be a useful pharmacotherapeutic approach for treating addiction. The present experiments tested the efficacy of SB-277011A, a selective DA D3 receptor antagonist, in rat models of nicotine-enhanced electrical brain-stimulation reward (BSR), nicotine-induced conditioned locomotor activity (LMA), and nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Nicotine was given subcutaneously within the dose range of 0.25-0.6 mg/kg (nicotine-free base). SB-277011A, given intraperitoneally within the dose range of 1-12 mg/kg, dose-dependently reduced nicotine-enhanced BSR, nicotine-induced conditioned LMA, and nicotine-induced CPP. The results suggest that selective D3 receptor antagonism constitutes a new and promising pharmacotherapeutic approach to the treatment of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene C Pak
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Agatsuma S, Lee M, Zhu H, Chen K, Shih JC, Seif I, Hiroi N. Monoamine oxidase A knockout mice exhibit impaired nicotine preference but normal responses to novel stimuli. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2721-31. [PMID: 16893910 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is thought to act on brain monoamine systems that normally mediate diverse motivational behaviors. How monoamine-related genes contribute to behavioral traits (e.g. responses to novel stimuli) comorbid with the susceptibility to nicotine addiction is still poorly understood. We examined the impact of constitutive monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) deficiency in mice on nicotine reward and responses to novel stimuli. Age-matched, male Maoa-knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were tested for nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP); voluntary oral nicotine preference/intake; spontaneous locomotor activity in a novel, inescapable open field; and novelty place preference. Nicotine preference in WT mice was reduced in Maoa-KO mice in the CPP and oral preference/intake tests. Control experiments showed that these phenotypes were not due to abnormalities in nicotine metabolism, fluid intake or response to taste. In contrast, Maoa-KO mice were normal in their behavioral response to a novel, inescapable open field and in their preference for a novel place. The observed phenotypes suggest that a constitutive deficiency of MAOA reduces the rewarding effects of nicotine without altering behavioral responses to novel stimuli in mice. Constitutive MAOA activity levels are likely to contribute to the vulnerability or resiliency to nicotine addiction by altering the rewarding effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh Agatsuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Le Foll B, Goldberg SR. Nicotine induces conditioned place preferences over a large range of doses in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 178:481-92. [PMID: 15765262 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-2021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Conditioned place preference (CPP) procedures provide one measure of potential rewarding effects of abused drugs. Many attempts to induce CPP with nicotine have been unsuccessful. OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of nicotine dose and stimulus assignment procedure on development of nicotine-induced CPP. METHODS Initial preferences for one side of a two-compartment apparatus were first determined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In subsequent conditioning trials, the compartment paired with nicotine was the initially preferred side for half of the rats, and the initially non-preferred side for the other half. Rats received either an injection of nicotine (0.01-2 mg/kg SC) before being placed in one compartment (three trials) or saline before being placed in the other compartment (three trials). Control rats had saline injections associated with both compartments. A final test trial with no injection assessed final place preference. RESULTS Significant CPP were induced by 0.1-1.4 mg/kg doses of nicotine. Nicotine-induced CPP were only apparent when nicotine was paired with the initially non-preferred side. Moreover, a very high dose of nicotine (2 mg/kg) induced conditioned place aversion when paired with the initially preferred side of the apparatus. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine induced significant CPP across a wide range of doses, in accordance with its role as the primary addictive component of tobacco. Small preferences for one side of the apparatus played a major role in the development of nicotine-induced CPP. These findings suggest that biased procedures may be more suitable than unbiased procedures for evaluation of rewarding effects of nicotine using CPP paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Pawlak CR, Schwarting RKW. Repeated nicotine treatment in rats with high versus low rearing activity: analyses of behavioural sensitisation and place preference. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005; 178:440-50. [PMID: 15765259 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-004-2024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Repeated treatment with the cholinergic agonist nicotine can sensitise rats to its psychomotor stimulant effects, which is largely due to changes within the mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopamine system. Since this brain system also plays a critical role in motivational processes, changes of motivational functions may also be expected with repeated nicotine experiences. OBJECTIVE Our previous work has shown that normal male Wistar rats can differ systematically with respect to rearing activity in a novel open field: animals with high rearing activity (HRA) differed from those with low rearing activity (LRA) with respect to dopaminergic and cholinergic brain activity. In this study, we asked whether HRA and LRA rats might respond differentially to repeated nicotine treatment, which we tested in terms of behavioural sensitisation and place preference. METHODS Nicotine hydrogen tartrate (0.4 mg/kg) or saline was administered on eight alternate days (drug treatment). After each injection, the rats had access to one specific quadrant of a circular unbiased place preference apparatus. Sensitisation to nicotine was assessed by measuring locomotion and rearing during drug treatment. On the days after each drug treatment, rats had free access to the entire apparatus without prior drug treatment. Here, we tested for preference for the previously drug-paired quadrant. One week after this procedure, all animals were tested again for sensitisation and place preference after injection of saline or nicotine. RESULTS Overall, sensitisation occurred earlier during locomotor than rearing activity. Both, HRA and LRA rats treated with nicotine showed sensitisation, but with different profiles. Rearing sensitised earlier in HRA than LRA rats, and a sensitised locomotor response to nicotine was observed only in HRA rats when compared with baseline. When re-tested again 1 week later, expression of sensitisation to nicotine was detected in rearing and locomotor activity in both HRA and in LRA rats. In the place preference tests, nicotine-treated and saline-treated rats spent more time in the treatment quadrant, but nicotine did not lead to place preference compared to saline. Furthermore, there was no substantial evidence that nicotine might lead to place preference in only HRA or LRA rats. However, we obtained other evidence that HRA versus LRA rats responded differently to the procedure of place preference testing. CONCLUSIONS These data supplement previous findings that different levels of psychomotor activity can affect the reactivity to psychostimulant drugs and add new evidence with respect to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius R Pawlak
- Experimental and Physiological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Jung D, Floyd J, Gund TM. A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) study using semiempirical, density functional,ab initio methods and pharmacophore derivation using DISCOtech on sigma 1 ligands. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:1385-99. [PMID: 15185333 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was developed to investigate a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of ligands for the sigma 1 receptor. The starting geometry of sigma-1 receptor ligands was obtained from the Tripos force field minimizations and conformations were decided from DISCOtech using the SYBYL 6.8. program. The structures of 48 molecules were fully optimized at the ab initio HF/3-21G* and semiempirical AM1 calculations using GAUSSIAN 98. The electrostatic charges were calculated using several methods such as semiempirical AM1, density functional B3LYP/3-21G*, and ab initio HF/3-21G*, MP2/3-21G* calculations within GAUSSIAN 98. Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G method were better than those from AM1. The best CoMFA was obtained from HF/3-21G* optimized geometry and charges (R2 = 0.977). Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G methods were better than those from AM1 calculations. The training set of 43 molecules gave higher R2 (0.989-0.977) from HF/3-21G* optimized geometries than R2 (0.966-0.911) values from AM1 optimized geometries. The test set of five molecules also suggested that HF/3-21G* optimized geometries produced good CoMFA models to predict bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands but AM1 optimized geometries failed to predict reasonable bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands using different calculations for atomic charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 17102-1982
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