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Chua HM, Moshawih S, Kifli N, Goh HP, Ming LC. Insights into the computer-aided drug design and discovery based on anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301396. [PMID: 38776291 PMCID: PMC11111074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search for better anticancer drugs, computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques play an indispensable role in facilitating the lengthy and costly drug discovery process especially when natural products are involved. Anthraquinone is one of the most widely-recognized natural products with anticancer properties. This review aimed to systematically assess and synthesize evidence on the utilization of CADD techniques centered on the anthraquinone scaffold for cancer treatment. METHODS The conduct and reporting of this review were done in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. The protocol was registered in the "International prospective register of systematic reviews" database (PROSPERO: CRD42023432904) and also published recently. The search strategy was designed based on the combination of concept 1 "CADD or virtual screening", concept 2 "anthraquinone" and concept 3 "cancer". The search was executed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and MedRxiv on 30 June 2023. RESULTS Databases searching retrieved a total of 317 records. After deduplication and applying the eligibility criteria, the final review ended up with 32 articles in which 3 articles were found by citation searching. The CADD methods used in the studies were either structure-based alone (69%) or combined with ligand-based methods via parallel (9%) or sequential (22%) approaches. Molecular docking was performed in all studies, with Glide and AutoDock being the most popular commercial and public software used respectively. Protein data bank was used in most studies to retrieve the crystal structure of the targets of interest while the main ligand databases were PubChem and Zinc. The utilization of in-silico techniques has enabled a deeper dive into the structural, biological and pharmacological properties of anthraquinone derivatives, revealing their remarkable anticancer properties in an all-rounded fashion. CONCLUSION By harnessing the power of computational tools and leveraging the natural diversity of anthraquinone compounds, researchers can expedite the development of better drugs to address the unmet medical needs in cancer treatment by improving the treatment outcome for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming Chua
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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2
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Memarzia A, Saadat S, Asgharzadeh F, Behrouz S, Folkerts G, Boskabady MH. Therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and their constituents on lung cancer, in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2841-2863. [PMID: 37697969 PMCID: PMC10538270 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the world is lung cancer. Traditional treatments have an important role in cancer therapy. In the present review, the most recent findings on the effects of medicinal plants and their constituents or natural products (NP) in treating lung cancer are discussed. Empirical studies until the end of March 2022 were searched using the appropriate keywords through the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. The extracts and essential oils tested were all shown to effect lung cancer by several mechanisms including decreased tumour weight and volume, cell viability and modulation of cytokine. Some plant constituents increased expression of apoptotic proteins, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase and subG0/G1 phase, and Cyt c levels. Also, natural products (NP) activate apoptotic pathways in lung cancer cell including p-JNK, Akt/mTOR, PI3/ AKT\ and Bax, Bcl2, but suppressed AXL phosphorylation. Plant-derived substances altered the cell morphology, reduced cell migration and metastasis, oxidative marker production, p-eIF2α and GRP78, IgG, IgM levels and reduced leukocyte counts, LDH, GGT, 5'NT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Therefore, medicinal plant extracts and their constituents could have promising therapeutic value for lung cancer, especially if used in combination with ordinary anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sepide Behrouz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BirjandBirjandIran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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3
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Hu F, Yang X, Leng X, Wang C, Yang K, Zhang L, Schipper D. Construction of a Near-IR-Luminescent Rectangular Yb(III) Complex from a Dodecadentate Schiff Base Ligand for the Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Detection of Aloe Emodin (a Natural Medicinal Ingredient). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2508-2512. [PMID: 36722726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A near-IR-luminescent octanuclear Yb(III) complex 1 was constructed from a new dodecadentate Schiff base ligand, which is used in the rapid and reliable wavelength-dependent detection of aloe emodin (AE) with high sensitivity even in the presence of other interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Xilong Leng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Chengri Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Keqin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Desmond Schipper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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4
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Lima Matos F, Duarte EL, S V Muniz G, Alexander Milán-Garcés E, Coutinho K, Teresa Lamy M, da Cunha AR. Spectroscopic characterization of different protonation/deprotonation states of Barbaloin in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122020. [PMID: 36323087 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Barbaloin (10-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-9(10H)-anthraquinone: aloin A), present in Aloe species, is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Here we characterize its optical absorption and emission spectra in aqueous solution at different pH values. Through pH titration, using both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, two pKa values for Barbaloin were determined: pKa1=9.6±0.6 and pKa2=12.6±0.8. These acidity constants were found to be higher than those found for Emodin, a similar molecule which lacks the sugar moiety present in Barbaloin. Performing quantum mechanical calculations for non-ionized, singly, doubly, and triply deprotonated forms of Barbaloin in vacuum and in water, we assigned the positions of the site for the first and third deprotonation in the anthraquinone group, and the second deprotonation in the glucose group. The instability of Barbaloin in high pH solutions is discussed here, and the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra due to products resulted from Barbaloin degradation at high pH is well separated from the Barbaloin original spectra. Biological fluids have specific pH values to maintain homeostasis, hence determining the pKa of Barbaloin is important to evaluate the mechanism of action of this drug in different parts of an organism as well as to predict pharmacological relevant parameters, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lima Matos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Evandro L Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel S V Muniz
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, CEP 70910-900, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio R da Cunha
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, UFMA, Campus Balsas, CEP 65800-000, Maranhão, Brazil.
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5
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Wang X, Zhang S, Han K, Wang L, Liu X. Induction of Apoptosis by Matrine Derivative ZS17 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma BEL-7402 and HepG2 Cells through ROS-JNK-P53 Signalling Pathway Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415991. [PMID: 36555631 PMCID: PMC9783520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and ranks third among cancer-related deaths worldwide. Using matrine as a lead compound, 12 matrine derivatives were designed and synthesised, and their antiproliferative activities were evaluated in four cancer cell lines. Eight of the twelve compounds showed strong antiproliferative activity, with an IC50 of <10 μM. The compound ZS17 exhibited strong antiproliferative activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 3.014−3.388 μM, which was much lower than that of matrine. Furthermore, we explored the role of ZS17 in inducing apoptosis in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as possible mechanisms involved. ZS17 inhibited the proliferation of BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, we found that ZS17 significantly induced apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, promoted JNK phosphorylation, activated p53, and activated the caspase signalling pathway. Furthermore, the antioxidant NAC, JNK inhibitor SP600125, and Si-JNK increased cell viability, re-established cell metastasis, and inhibited ZS17-induced apoptosis. An in vivo antitumour assay demonstrated that ZS17 significantly reduced the number of migrating HepG2 cells in zebrafish embryos and suppressed the growth of HepG2 xenografts in nude mice without any obvious side effects. Our study demonstrated that the ROS-JNK-P53 pathway plays an important role in the destruction of liver tumour cells by ZS17. Thus, ZS17 may represent a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Liu
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (X.L.)
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6
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Kim JY, Jung CW, Lee WS, Jeong HJ, Park MJ, Jang WI, Kim EH. Emodin coupled with high LET neutron beam-a novel approach to treat on glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:817-827. [PMID: 36253116 PMCID: PMC9726713 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary motivation of this investigative study is trying to find an alternative treatment that can be used to slow down or treat glioblastoma due to the witnessed toxic side effects of the current drugs coupled with limited effectiveness in overall treatment. Consequently, a Chinese plant extract emodin proves to play a critical role in this investigative study since results from the Western blot and the other accompanying assays for anti-cancer effects indicate that it cannot work a lot to suppress cell migration and possible invasion, but rather emodin can be combined with radiation to give desired outcomes. Our result shows that the kind of radiation which acts well with emodin is neutron radiation rather than gamma radiation. Emodin significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of LN18 and LN428 cells to γ-rays through MTT assay and cell counting. Accordingly, exposure to neutron radiation in the presence of emodin induced apoptotic cell death and autophagic cell death to a significantly higher extent, and suppressed cell migration and invasiveness more robustly. These effects are presumably due to the ability of emodin to amplify the effective dose from neutron radiation more efficiently. Thus, the study below is one such trial towards new interventional discovery and development in relation to glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyeon-Jeong Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Corresponding author. Eun Ho Kim, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33 17gil, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: 82536504480; E-mail address: . Won Il Jang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Tel: 8229704480; E-mail address:
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Corresponding author. Eun Ho Kim, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33 17gil, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: 82536504480; E-mail address: . Won Il Jang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea. Tel: 8229704480; E-mail address:
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7
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Nowak-Perlak M, Bromke MA, Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M. The Comparison of the Efficiency of Emodin and Aloe-Emodin in Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116276. [PMID: 35682955 PMCID: PMC9181794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer (melanoma and non-melanoma) is the most frequent type of malignancy in the Caucasian population. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an interesting and unique strategy may potentially boost standard therapeutic approaches. In the present study, the potential of emodin and aloe-emodin as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy has been investigated. The conducted research presents for the first-time comparison of the phototoxic and anti-cancerous effects of emodin and aloe-emodin on skin cancer cell lines, including SCC-25 representing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, MUG-Mel2 representing a melanoma cell line, and normal human keratinocytes HaCaT representing control normal skin cells. To assess the effectiveness of emodin and aloe-emodin as a photosensitizer in PDT on different skin cell lines, we performed MTT assay measuring cytotoxicity of natural compounds, cellular uptake, apoptosis with flow cytometry, and a wound-healing assay. Although emodin and aloe-emodin are isomers and differ only in the position of one hydroxyl group, our phototoxicity and apoptosis detection results show that both substances affect skin cancer cells (SSC-25 squamous cell carcinoma and MUG-Mel2 melanoma) and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) in other ways. In conclusion, our study provides evidence suggesting that emodin and aloe-emodin mediated PDT exhibits the potential for clinical development as a new effective and safe photosensitizer to treat skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Nowak-Perlak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.N.-P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mariusz A. Bromke
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.N.-P.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.N.-P.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Aloe-Emodin Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 4. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2421624. [PMID: 35518350 PMCID: PMC9064522 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2421624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease and lacks effective clinical treatment for its complicated pathogenesis. In this study, the gene expression profiles downloaded from the GEO database were used to identify the key regulatory gene through bioinformatics analyses, and the potential mechanism in regulating DN was revealed via the gene set enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, and in vitro phenotype detection. The effect of the screened drug on DN was analyzed through in vitro and in vivo model experiments. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in DN was identified to be upregulated compared with that in normal control tissues. Further results revealed that IRF4 promoted the DN progression through inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The screening results of the TCM library showed that aloe-emodin (Ae) should be a potentially active target drug, and the in vitro and in vivo experiment results demonstrated that Ae could ameliorate DN by targeting IRF4. In conclusion, this study revealed the mechanism of the DN progression and demonstrated that Ae could be a potential target drug in ameliorating DN, providing ideas for the clinical treatments for DN.
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Moshawih S, Goh HP, Kifli N, Idris AC, Yassin H, Kotra V, Goh KW, Liew KB, Ming LC. Synergy between machine learning and natural products cheminformatics: Application to the lead discovery of anthraquinone derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:185-217. [PMID: 35490393 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cheminformatics utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques have opened up a new horizon in drug discovery. This is owing to vast chemical space expansion with rocketing numbers of expected hits and lead compounds that match druggable macromolecular targets, in particular from natural compounds. Due to the natural products' (NP) structural complexity, uniqueness, and diversity, they could occupy a bigger space in pharmaceuticals, allowing the industry to pursue more selective leads in the nanomolar range of binding affinity. ML is an essential part of each step of the drug design pipeline, such as target prediction, compound library preparation, and lead optimization. Notably, molecular mechanic and dynamic simulations, induced docking, and free energy perturbations are essential in predicting best binding poses, binding free energy values, and molecular mechanics force fields. Those applications have leveraged from artificial intelligence (AI), which decreases the computational costs required for such costly simulations. This review aimed to describe chemical space and compound libraries related to NPs. High-throughput screening utilized for fractionating NPs and high-throughput virtual screening and their strategies, and significance, are reviewed. Particular emphasis was given to AI approaches, ML tools, algorithms, and techniques, especially in drug discovery of macrocyclic compounds and approaches in computer-aided and ML-based drug discovery. Anthraquinone derivatives were discussed as a source of new lead compounds that can be developed using ML tools for diverse medicinal uses such as cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the power of principal component analysis in understanding relevant protein conformations, and molecular modeling of protein-ligand interaction were also presented. Apart from being a concise reference for cheminformatics, this review is a useful text to understand the application of ML-based algorithms to molecular dynamics simulation and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Azam Che Idris
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hayati Yassin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Vijay Kotra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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Berillo D, Kozhahmetova M, Lebedeva L. Overview of the Biological Activity of Anthraquinons and Flavanoids of the Plant Rumex Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041204. [PMID: 35208994 PMCID: PMC8880800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rumex confertus belongs to the genus Rumex and is classified as an invasive parasitic plant in agriculture. Despite other Rumex species being widely used in herbal medicine due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects, there are almost no information about the potential of Rumex confertus for the treatment of various diseases. In this review we analyzed scientific articles revealing properties of Rumex plant’s substances against cancer, diabetes, pathogenic bacterial invasions, viruses, inflammation, and oxidative stress for the past 20 years. Compounds dominating in each composition of solvents for extraction were discussed, and common thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) methods for efficient separation of the plant’s extract are included. Physico-chemical properties such as solubility, hydrophobicity (Log P), pKa of flavonoids, anthraquinones, and other derivatives are very important for modeling of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics. An overview of clinical studies for abounded selected substances of Rumex species is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Berillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Botany School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Marzhan Kozhahmetova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Botany School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Lina Lebedeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
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Haq IU, Naz MY, Shukrullah S, Anwar M, Ullah S, Al-Sehemi AG, Irshad MI. Dielectric barrier plasma effect on surface functionality and coating properties of ultrasonically coated cotton with ZnO nanoparticles and Aloe vera extraction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Advances in Understanding the Role of Aloe Emodin and Targeted Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7928200. [PMID: 35087619 PMCID: PMC8789423 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7928200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the important causes of death worldwide. Despite remarkable improvements in cancer research in the past few decades, several cancer patients still cannot be cured owing to the development of drug resistance. Natural sources might have prominence as potential drug candidates. Among the several chemical classes of natural products, anthraquinones are characterized by their large structural variety, noticeable biological activity, and low toxicity. Aloe emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, is a natural compound found in the roots and rhizomes of many plants. This compound has proven its antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative potential as well as ability to prevent cancer metastasis and potential in reversing multidrug resistance of cancer cells. The anticancer property of aloe emodin, a broad-spectrum inhibitory agent of cancer cells, has been detailed in many biological pathways. In cancer cells, these molecular mechanisms consist of inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle arrest deterioration, initiation of apoptosis, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenic effect. In accordance with the strategy of developing potential drug candidates from natural products, aloe emodin's low bioavailability has been tried to be overcome by structural modifications and nanocarrier systems. Consequently, this review summarizes the antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic properties of aloe emodin, as well as the enhanced activity of its derivatives and the advantages of drug delivery systems on bioavailability.
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Periyasamy L, Muruganantham B, Park WY, Muthusami S. Phyto-targeting the CEMIP Expression as a Strategy to Prevent Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:922-946. [PMID: 35236267 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220302153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis of primary pancreatic cancer (PC) to adjacent or distant organs is responsible for the poor survival rate of affected individuals. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are currently being prescribed to treat PC in addition to surgical resection. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for PC that leads to 20% of 5-year survival, but only less than 20% of patients are eligible for surgical resection because of the poor prognosis. To improve the prognosis and clinical outcome, early diagnostic markers need to be identified, and targeting them would be of immense benefit to increase the efficiency of the treatment. Cell migration-inducing hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) is identified as an important risk factor for the metastasis of various cancers, including PC. Emerging studies have pointed out the crucial role of CEMIP in the regulation of various signaling mechanisms, leading to enhanced migration and metastasis of PC. METHODS The published findings on PC metastasis, phytoconstituents, and CEMIP were retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Computational tools, such as gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, were used to study the relationship between CEMIP expression and survival of PC individuals. RESULTS Gene expression analysis using the GEPIA database identified a stupendous increase in the CEMIP transcript in PC compared to adjacent normal tissues. KM plotter analysis revealed the impact of CEMIP on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among PC patients. Subsequently, several risk factors associated with PC development were screened, and their ability to regulate CEMIP gene expression was analyzed using computational tools. CONCLUSION The current review is focused on gathering information regarding the regulatory role of phytocomponents in PC migration and exploring their possible impact on the CEMIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganayaki Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - Bharathi Muruganantham
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - Woo-Yoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
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Manirakiza A, Irakoze L, Manirakiza S. Aloe and its Effects on Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review. East Afr Health Res J 2021; 5:1-16. [PMID: 34308239 PMCID: PMC8291210 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v5i1.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many years ago, Aloe Vera was cited to have a lot of therapeutic properties including; anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protection, wound healing, and regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol. However, Aloe could present some side effects. This review focused on the latest discoveries regarding the therapeutic role of Aloe plant or its compounds on the acquired biological capabilities for tumour growth and progression namely; evading growth suppressor, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics and sustaining proliferating signalling. It clarified the anti-cancer activities it exerts on different types of cancer and also highlighted some pro-oncogenic pathways that can be disrupted by different compounds of Aloe.
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Galiardi-Campoy AEB, Machado FC, Carvalho T, Tedesco AC, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Effects of photodynamic therapy mediated by emodin in cervical carcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102394. [PMID: 34119706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a worldwide public health problem, and improved selective therapies and anticancer drugs are urgently needed. In recent years, emodin has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, emodin may be used as a photosensitizing agent in photodynamic therapy. Interest in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment has increased due to its efficiency in causing tumor cell death. This study aimed to analyze the effect of emodin combined with photodynamic therapy in cervical carcinoma cell lines. At first, emodin presented cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manners in all the specific cell lines analyzed. SiHa, CaSki, and HaCaT cancer cells presented more than 80% cell viability in concentrations below 30 µmol/L. Fluorescence microscopy images showed efficient cellular uptake of emodin in all analyzed cell lines. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in SiHa, CaSki, and HaCaT cell lines after treatment of emodin combined with photodynamic therapy. These decreases were accompanied by increased ROS production, caspase-3 activity, and fluorescence intensity of autophagic vacuoles. This suggests increased ROS production led to cell death by apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, after the combination of emodin and photodynamic therapy in SiHa cells, we observed the overexpression of 22 target genes and downregulation of two target genes of anti-cancer drugs. These results show the promising potential for applications that combine emodin with photodynamic therapy for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Emília Brumatti Galiardi-Campoy
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francielly Cristina Machado
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, Zip/Postal Code: 15054-010, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Fakhri S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Hussain Y, Abbaszadeh F, Lu B, Hu X, Wu J, Zou L, Smeriglio A, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Khan H. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible flowers: where do we stand? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8589-8645. [PMID: 34096420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Control release drug delivery system, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Ohiagu FO, Chikezie PC, Chikezie CM, Enyoh CE. Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs.
Main body
The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability.
Conclusion
The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.
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Darzi S, Paul K, Leitan S, Werkmeister JA, Mukherjee S. Immunobiology and Application of Aloe Vera-Based Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1708. [PMID: 33567756 PMCID: PMC7915752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera (AV), a succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae family, has been widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical application. Its popularity stems from several of its bioactive components that have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and even immunomodulatory effects. Given such unique multi-modal biological impact, AV has been considered as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, where tissue repair and neo-angiogenesis are vital. This review outlines the growing scientific evidence that demonstrates the advantage of AV as tissue engineering scaffolds. We particularly highlight the recent advances in the application of AV-based scaffolds. From a tissue engineering perspective, it is pivotal that the implanted scaffolds strike an appropriate foreign body response to be well-accepted in the body without complications. Herein, we highlight the key cellular processes that regulate the foreign body response to implanted scaffolds and underline the immunomodulatory effects incurred by AV on the innate and adaptive system. Given that AV has several beneficial components, we discuss the importance of delving deeper into uncovering its action mechanism and thereby improving material design strategies for better tissue engineering constructs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Darzi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.D.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Kallyanashis Paul
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.D.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (J.A.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Shanilka Leitan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.D.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (J.A.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Jerome A. Werkmeister
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.D.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (J.A.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Shayanti Mukherjee
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.D.); (K.P.); (S.L.); (J.A.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour prevalent in humans, that exhibits aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of normal brain tissue. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches consisting of maximum safe surgical resection followed by radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), more than 95% of GBM patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. In most cases, the therapy is not able to counteract the growth and invasiveness of the tumour, which relapses after an interval of time that varies from patient to patient. An increasing number of evidence indicates that natural substances exhibited effective anti-tumour functions and might be successfully used in the treatment of GBM. This review summarizes some natural substances: lactoferrin, hispolon, aloe-emodin and tea tree oil; all these show a growth inhibition and synergistic effect when together with TMZ, (the most commonly used alkylating drug for the treatment of glioblastoma) were administered to U87MG glioblastoma cell line in vitro and in murine animal model. U87MG cell growth was monitored by daily cell count after treatments with the substances mentioned above and growth analysis showed that all drugs significantly decrease proliferation of U87MG in a time- and dose-dependent manner. FACS analysis demonstrates a block of cell cycle in S, G2/M or G0/G1 phases. These substances mediate multiple processes including apoptosis by releasing the inducing factor: PARP. Natural compounds, in combination with conventional chemotherapy TMZ, are a powerful approach to improve the effectiveness of brain cancer treatment.
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Sachdeva V, Roy A, Bharadvaja N. Current Prospects of Nutraceuticals: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:884-896. [PMID: 32000642 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200130113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are dietary supplements, utilized to ameliorate health, delay senescence, prevent diseases, and support the proper functioning of the human body. Currently, nutraceuticals are gaining substantial attention due to nutrition and therapeutic potentials. Based on their sources, they are categorized as dietary supplements and herbal bioactive compounds. The global market for nutraceutical is huge i.e. approximately USD 117 billion. Herbal nutraceutical helps in maintaining health and promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life. Studies have shown promising results of nutraceuticals to treat several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. In the present review, an overview of various bioactive ingredients that act as nutraceuticals (carbohydrates, lipids, edible flowers, alkaloids, medicinal plants, etc.) and their role in health benefits, has been discussed. Further application of nutraceuticals in the prevention of various diseases has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Sachdeva
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Yang J, Huang Y, Xu H, Gu D, Xu F, Tang J, Fang C, Yang Y. Optimization of fungi co-fermentation for improving anthraquinone contents and antioxidant activity using artificial neural networks. Food Chem 2020; 313:126138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu DM, Yang D, Zhou CY, Wu JS, Zhang GL, Wang P, Wang F, Meng XL. Aloe-emodin induces hepatotoxicity by the inhibition of multidrug resistance protein 2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153148. [PMID: 32028185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe-emodin (AE) is among the primary bioactive anthraquinones present in traditional Chinese medicinal plants such as Rheum palmatum L. Multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2/ MRP2) is an important efflux transporter of substances associated with cellular oxidative stress. However, the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on this protein remain unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this research is to study the role of ABCC2 in AE-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS The expression of ABCC2 protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by Western-Blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The intracellular oxidative stress caused by AE was evaluated by quantifying the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, glutathione reduced and oxidized glutathione. The levels of adenosine triphosphate, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA were explored to evaluate the effects of AE on mitochondrial function. The effects of AE on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. To further clarify the key role of ABCC2 in AE induced cytotoxicity, we used pCI-neo-ABCC2 plasmid to over express ABCC2 protein, and small interfering RNA was used to knockdown ABCC2 in HepG2 cells. Additionally, we investigated the impact of AE on ABCC2 degradation pathway and the hepatotoxic effects of AE in mice. RESULTS AE was found to inhibit ABCC2 transport activity, downregulate ABCC2 expression and altered intracellular redox balance. Induction of oxidative stress resulted in depletion of intracellular glutathione reduced, mitochondria dysfunction and activation of apoptosis. ABCC2 overexpression significantly reduced AE-induced intracellular oxidative stress and cell death, which was enhanced by ABCC2 knockdown. Furthermore, AE was observed to promote ABCC2 degradation through induction of autophagy and hepatotoxicity was induced in mice by promoting ABCC2 degradation. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of ABCC2 is a novel effect of AE that triggers oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings are helpful in understanding the toxicological effects of AE-containing medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Liu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China; Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Jia-Si Wu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China.
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Zhang XG, Ma GY, Kou F, Liu WJ, Sun QY, Guo GJ, Ma XD, Guo SJ, Jian-Ning Z. Reynoutria Japonica from Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Source of Competitive Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors for Anticancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 22:113-122. [PMID: 30987561 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190415100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme in purine metabolism and is known as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and cancer. Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine (TCHM) is widely used alone or in combination with chemotherapy to treat cancer, due to its ability to deliver a broad variety of bioactive secondary metabolites as promising sources of novel organic natural agents. OBJECTIVE In the present study, 29 varieties of medicinal plants were screened for the presence of ADA inhibitors. RESULTS Extracts from Reynoutria japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Magnolia officinalis, Gardenia jasminoides, Stephania tetrandra, Commiphora myrrha, Raphanus sativus and Corydalis yanhusuo demonstrated strong ADA inhibition with rates greater than 50%. However, Reynoutria japonica possessed the highest ADA inhibitory activity at 95.26% and so was used in our study for isolating the ADA inhibitor to be further studied. Eight compounds were obtained and their structures were identified. The compound H1 had strong ADA inhibitory activity and was deduced to be emodin by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis with an IC50 of 0.629 mM. The molecular docking data showed that emodin could bind tightly to the active site of ADA. Our results demonstrated that emodin displayed a new biological activity which is ADA inhibitory activity with high cytotoxic activity against K562 leukemia cells. The bioactivity of cordycepin was significantly increased when used in combination with emodin. CONCLUSION Emodin may represent a good candidate anti-cancer therapy and adenosine protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fei Kou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Guang-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Deep Processing for Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhu Jian-Ning
- Drug Evaluation and Certification Center of Gansu Food and Drug Administration, Lanzhou 730060, China
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Dong X, Zeng Y, Liu Y, You L, Yin X, Fu J, Ni J. Aloe-emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2019; 34:270-281. [PMID: 31680350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Emerging evidence suggests that aloe-emodin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus, inflammation, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, malaria, liver fibrosis, psoriasis, Type 2 diabetes, growth disorders, and several types of cancers. However, an increasing number of published studies have reported adverse effects of aloe-emodin. The primary toxicity among these reports is hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are of wide concern worldwide. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that aloe-emodin has a poor intestinal absorption, short elimination half-life, and low bioavailability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kumar R, Singh AK, Gupta A, Bishayee A, Pandey AK. Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera-A miracle gift of nature. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152996. [PMID: 31272819 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera is commonly used in the primary health care of human beings since time immemorial. It is an herb widely used in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide. Systematic and scientific investigation on A. vera as a medicinal plant has drawn considerable attention, and many laboratories are involved in isolation, characterization and evaluation of phytoconstituents for their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the phytochemical, biological and medicinal attributes of A. vera against various diseases with special emphasis on underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS PubMed, EBOSCO host, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were utilized to search literature published between1977 and 2019 (till March). Major keywords used in various combinations included: Aloe vera, phytochemistry, metabolism, pharmacological activity, prevention, treatment, health, disease, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. RESULTS Various biological and pharmacological activities of A. vera, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and skin-protective and wound-healing responses, have been attributed to the presence of many active compounds, including anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, flavonoids, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. CONCLUSION Based on various preclinical studies, A. vera constituents have enormous potential to prevent and treat various diseases. Randomized clinical trials are needed to understand the full therapeutic potential of this unique medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Froldi G, Baronchelli F, Marin E, Grison M. Antiglycation Activity and HT-29 Cellular Uptake of Aloe-Emodin, Aloin, and Aloe arborescens Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112128. [PMID: 31195732 PMCID: PMC6600357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe arborescens is a relevant species largely used in traditional medicine of several countries. In particular, the decoction of leaves is prepared for various medicinal purposes including antidiabetic care. The aim of this research was the study of the antiglycation activity of two A. arborescens leaf extracts and isolated compounds: aloin and aloe-emodin. These phytoconstituents were quantitatively assessed in methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected. In order to study their potential use in diabetic conditions, the antiglycation and antiradical properties of the two extracts and aloin and aloe-emodin were investigated by means of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) assays; further, their cytotoxicity in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the ability of aloin and aloe-emodin to permeate the cellular membranes of HT-29 cells was determined in order to estimate their potential in vivo absorption. This assessment indicated that aloe-emodin can substantially pass through cell membranes (~20%), whereas aloin did not permeate into HT-29 cells. Overall, the data show that both the methanolic and the hydroalcoholic A. arborescens extracts determine significant inhibition of glycation and free-radical persistence, without any cytotoxic activity. The data also show that the antiglycation and the antiradical activities of aloin and aloe-emodin are lower than those of the two extracts. In relation to the permeability study, only aloe-emodin is able to cross HT-29 cellular membranes, showing the attitude to pass through the intestinal layer. Overall, the present data surely support the traditional use of A. arborescens leaf extracts against hyperglycemic conditions, while aloin and aloe-emodin as potential drugs need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Baronchelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Elisa Marin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Margherita Grison
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Khalaf OM, Ghareeb MA, Saad AM, Madkour HMF, El-Ziaty AK, Abdel-Aziz MS. Phenolic constituents, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Senna italica. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosad A. Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, 12411 Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Saad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, 12411 Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan M. F. Madkour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. El-Ziaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoos Street 33, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
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28
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Das A, Suresh Kumar G, Dutta S. Interaction of aloe active compounds with calf thymus DNA. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2786. [PMID: 31062439 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural anthraquinone compounds have emerged as potent anticancer chemotherapeutic agents because of their promising DNA-binding properties. Aloe vera is among one of the very well-known medicinal plants, and the anthraquinone derivatives like aloe emodin (ALM), aloins (ALN), and aloe emodin-8-glucoside (ALMG) are known to have immense biological activities. Here, we have used biophysical methods to elucidate the comparative DNA-binding abilities of these three molecules. Steady-state fluorescence study indicated complexation between calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and both the molecules ALM and ALMG whereas ALN showed very weak interaction with DNA. Displacement assays with ctDNA-bound intercalator (ethidium bromide) and a groove binder (Hoechst 33258) indicated preferential binding of both ALM and ALMG to minor groove of DNA. Isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) data suggested spontaneous exothermic single binding mode of both the molecules: ALM and ALMG. Entropy is the most important factor which contributed to the standard molar Gibbs energy associated with relatively small favorable enthalpic contribution. The equilibrium constants of binding to ctDNA were (6.02 ± 0.10) × 104 M-1 and (4.90 ± 0.11) × 104 M-1 at 298.15 K, for ALM and ALMG, respectively. The enthalpy vs temperature plot yielded negative standard molar heat capacity value, and a strong negative correlation between enthalpy and entropy terms was observed which indicates the enthalpy entropy compensation behavior in both systems. All these thermodynamic phenomena indicate that hydrophobic force is the key factor which is involved in the binding process. Moreover, the enhancement of thermal stability of DNA helix by ALM and ALMG fully agreed to the complexation of these molecules with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjay Dutta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Canudas N, Moreno M, Pekerar S, Gámez C, Sucre E, Villamizar JE. New Z-chalcones obtained from aloe-emodin: Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819841822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new Z-chalcone derivatives were synthesized under stereoselective conditions by condensation between an aldehyde derivative (prepared from aloe-emodin) and an acetophenone, using potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O at room temperature. The Z configuration of the chalcone derivatives was established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Photophysical properties related to the UV-Vis absorption/emission spectra and molar extinction coefficients (ε) in different solvents were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Canudas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Moreno
- Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Sara Pekerar
- Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Gámez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Estefania Sucre
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José E Villamizar
- Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
- Centro de Especialidades en Química Medicinal, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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Cesar V, Jozić I, Begović L, Vuković T, Mlinarić S, Lepeduš H, Borović Šunjić S, Žarković N. Cell-Type-Specific Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Cytotoxicity and 4-Hydroxynonenal Binding to Human Cellular Proteins In Vitro by Antioxidant Aloe vera Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100125. [PMID: 30241411 PMCID: PMC6210414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Aloe vera contains numerous bioactive components, the activity principles of widely used A. vera extracts are uncertain. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of genuine A. vera aqueous extract (AV) on human cells with respect to the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Fully developed A. vera leaves were harvested and analyzed for vitamin C, carotenoids, total soluble phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, human cervical cancer (HeLa), human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), human keratinocytes (HaCat), and human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell cultures were treated with AV extract for one hour after treatment with H2O2 or HNE. The cell number and viability were determined using Trypan Blue, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by fluorescence, while intracellular HNE–protein adducts were measured for the first time ever by genuine cell-based HNE–His ELISA. The AV extract expressed strong antioxidant capacities (1.1 mmol of Trolox eq/g fresh weight) and cell-type-specific influence on the cytotoxicity of H2O2, as well as on endogenous production of ROS and HNE–protein adducts induced by HNE treatment, while AV itself did not induce production of ROS or HNE–protein adducts at all. This study, for the first time, revealed the importance of HNE for the activity principles of AV. Since HMEC cells were the most sensitive to AV, the effects of AV on microvascular endothelia could be of particular importance for the activity principles of Aloe vera extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Iva Jozić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tea Vuković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10/E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmyer University of Osijek, L. Jägera 9, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Suzana Borović Šunjić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kit Ieng Kuok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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32
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Byun EB, Kim HM, Sung NY, Yang MS, Kim WS, Choi D, Mushtaq S, Lee SS, Byun EH. Gamma irradiation of aloe-emodin induced structural modification and apoptosis through a ROS- and caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway in stomach tumor cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:403-416. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-So Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Signaling Network Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - DaeSeong Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Sajid Mushtaq
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
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33
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Pandith SA, Dar RA, Lattoo SK, Shah MA, Reshi ZA. Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:573-609. [PMID: 32214920 PMCID: PMC7088705 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-018-9551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheum australe (Himalayan Rhubarb) is a multipurpose, endemic and endangered medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas. It finds extensive use as a medicinal herb since antiquity in different traditional systems of medicine to cure a wide range of ailments related to the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, respiratory and skeletal systems as well as to treat various infectious diseases. The remedying properties of this plant species are ascribed to a set of diverse bioactive secondary metabolite constituents, particularly anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and rhein) and stilbenoids (piceatannol, resveratrol), besides dietary flavonoids known for their putative health benefits. Recent studies demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of some of these metabolites and/or their derivatives as lead molecules for the treatment of various human diseases. Present review comprehensively covers the literature available on R. australe from 1980 to early 2018. The review provides up-to-date information available on its botany for easy identification of the plant, and origin and historical perspective detailing its trade and commerce. Distribution, therapeutic potential in relation to traditional uses and pharmacology, phytochemistry and general biosynthesis of major chemical constituents are also discussed. Additionally, efficient and reproducible in vitro propagation studies holding vital significance in preserving the natural germplasm of the plant and for its industrial exploitation have also been highlighted. The review presents a detailed perspective for future studies to conserve and sustainably make use of this endangered plant species at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad A Pandith
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Riyaz Ahmad Dar
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- 2Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001 India
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- 1Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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Wang CG, Zhong L, Liu YL, Shi XJ, Shi LQ, Zeng L, Liu BZ. Emodin Exerts an Antiapoptotic Effect on Human Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia K562 Cell Lines by Targeting the PTEN/PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Deleting BCR-ABL. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:526-539. [PMID: 27698265 PMCID: PMC5739139 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416664784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, is the front-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, but the emergence of imatinib resistance has led to the search for alternative drug treatments. There is a pressing need, therefore, to develop and test novel drugs. Natural products including plants, microorganisms, and halobios provide rich resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. In this article, we demonstrate that emodin inhibited the growth of K562 cells harboring BCR-ABL in vitro and in vivo, and induced abundant apoptosis, which was correlated with the inhibition of PETN/PI3K/Akt level and deletion of BCR-ABL. These findings suggest that emodin is a promising agent to kill K562 cells harboring BCR-ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Wang
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Liu
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Shi
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Qin Shi
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Lobine D, Cummins I, Govinden-Soulange J, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya M, Lindsey K, Chazot PL, Ambler CA, Grellscheid S, Sharples G, Lall N, Lambrechts IA, Lavergne C, Howes MJR. Medicinal Mascarene Aloes: An audit of their phytotherapeutic potential. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:120-126. [PMID: 29066297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical and biological investigation of the endemic Mascarene Aloes (Aloe spp.), including A. tormentorii (Marais) L.E.Newton & G.D.Rowley, A. purpurea Lam, A. macra Haw., A. lomatophylloides Balf.f and A. vera (synonym A. barbadensis Mill.), which are used in the traditional folk medicine of the Mascarene Islands, was initiated. Methanolic extracts of the Aloes under study were analysed using high resolution LC-UV-MS/MS and compounds belonging to the class of anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones and flavone C-glycosides were detected. The Mascarene Aloes could be distinguished from A. vera by the absence of 2″-O-feruloylaloesin and 7-O-methylaloeresin. GC-MS analysis of monosaccharides revealed the presence of arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose and galactose in all the Mascarene Aloes and in A. vera. The crude extracts of all Aloes analysed displayed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only extracts of A. macra were active against P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while none of the Aloe extracts inhibited Propionibacterium acnes. A. macra displayed anti-tyrosinase activity, exhibiting 50% inhibition at 0.95mg/mL, and extracts of A. purpurea (Mauritius) and A. vera displayed activity in a wound healing-scratch assay. In vitro cytotoxicity screening of crude methanolic extracts of the Aloes, using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) showed that only A. purpurea (Réunion) elicited a modest toxic effect against HL60 cells, with a percentage toxicity of 8.2% (A. purpurea-Réunion) and none of the Aloe extracts elicited a toxic effect against MRC 5 fibroblast cells at a concentration of 0.1mg/mL. Mascarene Aloe species possess noteworthy pharmacological attributes associated with their rich phytochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lobine
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - I Cummins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | | | - K Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - P L Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C A Ambler
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S Grellscheid
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - G Sharples
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - N Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - I A Lambrechts
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - C Lavergne
- Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Centre Permanent d'Initiatives pour l'Environnement, Rue du Père Georges, Les Colimaçons, Saint-Leu, La Réunion, France
| | - M-J R Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
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Chen YY, Hsieh MJ, Hsieh YS, Chang YC, Chen PN, Yang SF, Ho HY, Chou YE, Lin CW. Antimetastatic effects of Rheum palmatum L. extract on oral cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2287-2294. [PMID: 28678381 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheum palmatum L., a traditional Chinese medication, has been used for the treatment of various disorders. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of R. palmatum L. extracts (RLEs) on human oral cancer cell metastasis are still unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an RLE has antimetastatic effects on SCC-9 and SAS human oral cancer cells. Gelatin zymography, Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the antimetastatic effects on oral cancer cells. Our results revealed that the RLE (up to 20 μg/mL, without cytotoxicity) attenuated SCC-9 and SAS cell motility, invasiveness, and migration by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 enzyme activities. Western blot analysis of the MAPK signaling pathway indicated that the RLE significantly decreased phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels but not p38 and JNK levels. In conclusion, RLEs exhibit antimetastatic activity against oral cancer cells through the transcriptional repression of MMP-2 via the Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Thus, RLEs may be potentially useful as antimetastatic agents for oral cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Cancer Research Center, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hashiguchi M, Suzuki K, Kaneko K, Nagaoka I. Effect of aloe‑emodin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human synovial MH7A cells; a comparison with methotrexate. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4398-4404. [PMID: 28487948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia. Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate derivative, is used for the treatment of RA, as it exerts antiproliferative efftects on lymphocytes and synovial cells. Aloe‑emodin (AE) is a primary component of anthraquinones in Aloe vera and exerts antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on various tumor cells. In the present study, the effect of AE on the proliferation and apoptosis of MH7A human RA synovial cells was examined. In addition, the effect of AE was compared with that of the established RA therapeutic MTX. MH7A cells were incubated with 5, 10, 20 or 40 µM AE, or 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 or 1 µM MTX, for 24, 48 or 72 h. Subsequently, total cell numbers were assessed using trypan blue staining and Cell Counting kit‑8. Furthermore, MH7A cells incubated with AE or MTX for 48 h were evaluated for apoptosis following Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and for cell cycle distribution following PI staining. The results indicated that ≥10 µM AE and ≥0.05 µM MTX effectively decreased the numbers of viable MH7A cells. In addition, 40 µM AE and 1 µM MTX induced apoptosis in MH7A cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that ≥20 µM AE induced G2/M phase arrest, whereas ≥0.1 µM MTX induced S phase arrest. These observations suggested that AE treatment inhibited the growth of MH7A cells by arresting the cell cycle at a different checkpoint compared with MTX treatment. Thus, AE may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA, and may be complimentary to MTX, based on its antiproliferative effect on synovial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Hashiguchi
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
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Zang L, Zhao H, Ji X, Cao W, Zhang Z, Meng P. Photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation efficiency and cytotoxic effects of aloe emodin as a blue light photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in dermatological treatment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1088-1094. [PMID: 28530733 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aloe emodin with anticancer and photosensitising capabilities, excited by blue light, is proposed as a photosensitizer to treat superficial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Ji'nan 250014
- China
| | - Xueyu Ji
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
- Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- China
| | - Peisong Meng
- Department of Stomatology
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Isolation and characterization of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone from Streptomyces olivochromogenes (ERINLG-261) with antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ali H, Dixit S, Ali D, Alkahtane AA, Alarifi S, Ali BA, Alkahtani S. Isolation and evaluation of biological efficacy of quercetol in human hepatic carcinoma cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:155-62. [PMID: 26792982 PMCID: PMC4708241 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s95275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quercetol is a polyphenolic molecule present in vegetables and fruits, and is beneficial to human and animal health. The current work aimed to test cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of quercetol on HepG2 cells. Quercetol was isolated from Ocimum sanctum and characterized by gas chromatography–tandom mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Quercetol (50–600 μg/mL) was examined for cytotoxic activity by tetrazolium salt and neutral red uptake tests and comet assay for genotoxicity, using HepG2 cells, over 24 hours. Data from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake tests demonstrated quercetol-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. With 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, a significant induction of chromosomal condensation was observed at 300 μg/mL of quercetol. DNA fragmentation analysis showed that quercetol produced cell death in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, our study suggests that an environmentally relevant concentration of quercetol, which was a chemically standardized extract from O. sanctum, induced cell death and DNA damage in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Savita Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahy A Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nucleic Acids Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City Science Research and Technology Application, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Balachandran V, Karpagam V, Revathi B, Kavimani M, Ilango G. Conformational stability, spectroscopic and computational studies, HOMO-LUMO, NBO, ESP analysis, thermodynamic parameters of natural bioactive compound with anticancer potential of 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:631-640. [PMID: 26093112 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural product drugs play a dominant role in pharmaceutical care. Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds as a tremendous chemical diversity is found in millions of species of plants, animals, marine organism and micro-organism. A antifungal activity against important opportunist micro-organism and against those involved in superficial mycosis, all from nosocomial origin. The acute in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of each anthraquinone (AQ) isolated from these bioactive extracts, on a mammalian eukaryotic cell line (Vero cells), allowed us to establish the non-cytotoxic concentration range, which was used to evaluate the anti-microbial effect. A comprehensive ab initio calculation using the DFT/6-31+G(d) level theory showed that 2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone can exist in four possible conformations, which can interchange through the OH group on the five-membered ring. Density functional theory calculations were used to predict the vibrational frequencies and to help in normal mode, assignments. Furthermore, a natural bond orbital analysis was performed describing each hydrogen bond as donor accepter interaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (4000-400 cm(-1)) and the Fourier transform Raman spectra (3500-100 cm(-1)) of the HMA in the solid space have been recorded. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The calculated ESP contour map shows the electrophilic and nucleophilic region of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balachandran
- Centre for Research, Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli 621211, India.
| | - V Karpagam
- Department of Physics, Sri Saradha College for Women, Perambalur 621212, India
| | - B Revathi
- Centre for Research, Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli 621211, India
| | - M Kavimani
- Centre for Research, Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli 621211, India
| | - G Ilango
- Department of Physics, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli 620 007, India
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Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Srikar S, Khan AA, Aly SM. Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities. Pharmacogn Rev 2015; 9:120-6. [PMID: 26392709 PMCID: PMC4557234 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.162118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment based on natural products is rapidly increasing worldwide due to the affordability and fewer side effects of such treatment. Various plants and the products derived from them are commonly used in primary health treatment, and they play a pivotal role in the treatment of diseases via modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways. Aloe vera, a succulent species, produces gel and latex, plays a therapeutic role in health management through antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, and also offers a suitable alternative approach for the treatment of various types of diseases. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanism of action and the therapeutic implications of Aloe vera in health maintenance based on its modulation of various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef H Aldebasi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sauda Srikar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M Aly
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Balachandran C, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA, Stalin A, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S, Tilton F. Isolation and characterization of Anthraquinone from Streptomyces sp. ERINLG-26 with anticancer activity Against adenocarcinoma cell line COLO320. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Although an anti-tumor effect of emodin has been reported before, its effect on human gynecological cancer cells has so far not been studied. Here, we assessed the effect of emodin on cervical cancer-derived (Hela), choriocarcinoma-derived (JAR) and ovarian cancer-derived (HO-8910) cells, and investigated the possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The respective cells were treated with 0, 5, 10 or 15 μM emodin for 72 h. Subsequently, MTT and Transwell in vitro migration assays revealed that emodin significantly decreased the viability and invasive capacity of the gynecological cancer-derived cells tested. We found that emodin induced apoptosis and significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP release in these cells. We also found that emodin may exert its apoptotic effects via regulating the activity of caspase-9 and the expression of cleaved-caspase-3. Moreover, we found that emodin induced a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, possibly through down-regulating the key cell cycle regulators Cyclin D and Cyclin E. Interestingly, emodin also led to autophagic cell death, as revealed by increased MAP LC3 expression, a marker of the autophagosome, and decreased expression of the autophagy regulators Beclin-1 and Atg12-Atg5. Finally, we found that the protein levels of both VEGF and VEGFR-2 were significantly decreased in emodin-treated cells, suggesting an anti-angiogenic effect of emodin on gynecological cancer-derived cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that emodin exhibits an anti-tumor effect on gynecological cancer-derived cells, possibly through multiple mechanisms including the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the arrest of the cell cycle, and the inhibition of angiogenesis. Our findings may provide a basis for the design of potential emodin-based strategies for the treatment of gynecological tumors.
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Shalabi M, Khilo K, Zakaria MM, Elsebaei MG, Abdo W, Awadin W. Anticancer activity of Aloe vera and Calligonum comosum extracts separetely on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Haris K, Ismail S, Idris Z, Abdullah JM, Yusoff AAM. Expression profile of genes modulated by Aloe emodin in human U87 glioblastoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4499-505. [PMID: 24969876 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate the expression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizing microarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869 genes were detected after treatment with 58.6 μg/ml for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstrated statistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were then grouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genes involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes with significant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptotic cluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance for further studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilah Haris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail :
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Modification of emodin and aloe-emodin by glycosylation in engineered Escherihia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:611-9. [PMID: 25663173 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 (YjiC) was used for enzymatic modification of emodin and aloe-emodin in vitro and in vivo. In order to increase the availability of UDP-glucose, three genes involved in the production of precursors of NDP-sugar in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) viz. D-glucose phosphate isomerase (pgi), D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf), and UDP-sugar hydrolase (ushA) were deleted and glucose-1-phosphate urididyltransferase (galU) gene was over expressed. To improve the yield of the products; substrate, time and media parameters were optimized, and the production was scaled up using a 3 L fermentor. The maximum yield of glycosylated products of emodin (emodin-O-β-D-glucoside) and aloe-emodin (aloe-emodin-O-β-D-glucoside) were approximately 144 µM (38 mg/L) and 168 µM (45 mg/L) respectively, representing almost 72 % and 84 % bioconversion of emodin and aloe-emodin when 200 µM of emodin and aloe-emodin were supplemented in the culture. Additionally, the emodin and aloe emodin major glycosylated products exhibited the highest stability at pH 8.0 and the stability of products was up to 70 °C and 60 °C respectively. Furthermore, the biological activities of emodin and its major glucoside (P1) were compared and their anti-cancer activities were assayed in several cancer cell lines. The results demonstrate that YjiC has the capacity to catalyze the glycosylation of these aromatic compounds and that glycosylation of anthraquinones enhances their aqueous solubility while retaining their biological activities.
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Cock IE. The Genus Aloe: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses Including Treatments for Gastrointestinal Conditions and Chronic Inflammation. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 2015; 70:179-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0927-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Giuliani C, Altieri B, Bombelli C, Galantini L, Mancini G, Stringaro A. Remote loading of aloe emodin in gemini-based cationic liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 31:76-82. [PMID: 25496076 DOI: 10.1021/la5038074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone compound aloe-emodin (AE) has shown antineoplastic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties and scavenging activity on free radicals. Because of these therapeutic features, AE has been attracting increasing interest and could be applied in the curing of many diseases. However, until now the physicochemical features of this compound have not been fully investigated; furthermore, its wide application might be hindered by its scarce solubility in aqueous media (∼19 μM). The inclusion of AE in nanocarriers, such as cationic liposomes, could allow its delivery effectively and selectively to target sites, reducing side effects in the remaining tissues. In this work, the weak acid nature of AE, because of its two phenolic functions, was exploited to load it remotely in the internal aqueous phase of liposomes in response to a difference in pH between the inside and outside of the liposomes, pHin > pHout. The inclusion of AE in gemini-based cationic liposomes by the acetate gradient method was obtained at high AE/lipid ratios (up to 1:30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‡CNR-IMC sez. Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Chen R, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Wang Y. Potential antineoplastic effects of Aloe-emodin: a comprehensive review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:275-88. [PMID: 24707862 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE), a bioactive anthraquinone derived from both Aloe vera and Rheum officinale, has recently been demonstrated to have various pharmacological activities. With the widespread popularity of natural products, such as antineoplastic drugs, AE has attracted much attention due to its remarkable antineoplastic activity on multiple tumor cells involving multi-channel mechanisms, including the disruption of cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, anti-metastasis, antiangiogenic, and strengthening of immune function. Experimental data have revealed AE as a potentially potent anti-cancer candidate. Despite this, the pharmaceutical application of AE is still in a fledging period as most research has concentrated on the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of action of existing treatments, rather than the development of novel formulations. Therefore, the present review summarizes the potential toxicity, molecular mechanism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and pharmaceutical development of AE as an antineoplastic agent. This is based on its physicochemical properties, in an attempt to encourage further research on AE as a potential anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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