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Harvey KL, Jarocki VM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. The Diverse Functional Roles of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31708880 PMCID: PMC6822514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function. However, EF-Tu has evolved the capacity to execute diverse functions on the extracellular surface of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. EF-Tu can traffic to, and is retained on, cell surfaces where can interact with membrane receptors and with extracellular matrix on the surface of plant and animal cells. Our structural studies indicate that short linear motifs (SLiMs) in surface exposed, non-conserved regions of the molecule may play a key role in the moonlighting functions ascribed to this ancient, highly abundant protein. Here we explore the diverse moonlighting functions relating to pathogenesis of EF-Tu in bacteria and examine putative SLiMs on surface-exposed regions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harvey
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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2
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Wall JS, Williams A, Richey T, Stuckey A, Wooliver C, Christopher Scott J, Donnell R, Martin EB, Kennel SJ. Specific Amyloid Binding of Polybasic Peptides In Vivo Is Retained by β-Sheet Conformers but Lost in the Disrupted Coil and All D-Amino Acid Variants. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 19:714-722. [PMID: 28229334 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heparin-reactive, helical peptide p5 is an effective amyloid imaging agent in mice with systemic amyloidosis. Analogs of p5 with modified secondary structure characteristics exhibited altered binding to heparin, synthetic amyloid fibrils, and amyloid extracts in vitro. Herein, we further study the effects of peptide helicity and chirality on specific amyloid binding using a mouse model of systemic inflammation-associated (AA) amyloidosis. PROCEDURES Peptides with disrupted helical structure [p5(coil) and p5(Pro3)], with an extended sheet conformation [p5(sheet)] or an all-D enantiomer [p5(D)], were chemically synthesized, radioiodinated, and their biodistribution studied in WT mice as well as transgenic animals with severe systemic AA amyloidosis. Peptide binding was assessed qualitatively by using small animal single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography imaging and microautoradiography and quantitatively using tissue counting. RESULTS Peptides with reduced helical propensity, p5(coil) and p5(Pro3), exhibited significantly reduced binding to AA amyloid-laden organs. In contrast, peptide p5(D) was retained by non-amyloid-related ligands in the liver and kidneys of both WT and AA mice, but it also bound AA amyloid in the spleen. The p5(sheet) peptide specifically bound AA amyloid in vivo and was not retained by healthy tissues in WT animals. CONCLUSIONS Modification of amyloid-targeting peptides using D-amino acids should be performed cautiously due to the introduction of unexpected secondary pharmacologic effects. Peptides that adopt a helical structure, to align charged amino acid side chains along one face, exhibit specific reactivity with amyloid; however, polybasic peptides with a propensity for β-sheet conformation are also amyloid-reactive and may yield a novel class of amyloid-targeting agents for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA. .,Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA.
| | - Angela Williams
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Tina Richey
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - J Christopher Scott
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Emily B Martin
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Departments of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, 1924 Alcoa Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
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3
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Wall JS, Williams A, Wooliver C, Martin EB, Cheng X, Heidel RE, Kennel SJ. Secondary structure propensity and chirality of the amyloidophilic peptide p5 and its analogues impacts ligand binding - In vitro characterization. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:89-99. [PMID: 28345062 PMCID: PMC5363963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybasic helical peptides, such as peptide p5, bind human amyloid extracts and synthetic amyloid fibrils. When radiolabeled, peptide p5 has been shown to specifically bind amyloid in vivo thereby allowing imaging of the disease. Structural requirements for heparin and amyloid binding have been studied using analogs of p5 that modify helicity and chirality. METHODS Peptide-ligand interactions were studied using CD spectroscopy and solution-phase binding assays with radiolabeled p5 analogs. The interaction of a subset of peptides was further studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS Disruption of the peptide helical structure reduced peptide binding to heparin and human amyloid extracts. The all-D enantiomer and the β-sheet-structured peptide bound all substrates as well as, or better than, p5. The interaction of helical and β-sheet structured peptides with Aβ fibrils was modeled and shown to involve both ionic and non-ionic interactions. CONCLUSIONS The α-helical secondary structure of peptide p5 is important for heparin and amyloid binding; however, helicity is not an absolute requirement as evidenced by the superior reactivity of a β-sheet peptide. The differential binding of the peptides with heparin and amyloid fibrils suggests that these molecular interactions are different. The all-D enantiomer of p5 and the β-sheet peptide are candidates for amyloid targeting reagents in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Efficient binding of polybasic peptides with amyloid is dependent on the linearity of charge spacing in the context of an α-helical secondary structure. Peptides with an α-helix or β-sheet propensity and with similar alignment of basic residues is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Wall
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Departments of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Angela Williams
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emily B. Martin
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - R. Eric Heidel
- Departments of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Departments of Radiology, University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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4
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Cheng YY, Cheng CS, Lee TR, Chang WSW, Lyu PC. A clamp-like orientation of basic residues set in a parallelogram is essential for heparin binding. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3089-97. [PMID: 27531580 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of studies have focused on the biological roles of heparin-binding proteins, relatively little is known about their key residues and structural elements responsible for heparin interaction. In this study, we employed the IgG-binding domain B1 of Streptococcal protein G as a miniature scaffold to investigate how certain positively charged residues within the β-sheet conformation become favorable for heparin binding. By performing a series of arginine substitution mutations followed by gain-of-heparin-binding analysis, we deduced that a clamp-like orientation with discontinuous basic residues separated by ~ 5 Å with ~ 100° interior angle is advantageous for high heparin affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Ren Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shaing Wayne Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chiang Lyu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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5
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Dogra P, Martin EB, Williams A, Richardson RL, Foster JS, Hackenback N, Kennel SJ, Sparer TE, Wall JS. Novel heparan sulfate-binding peptides for blocking herpesvirus entry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126239. [PMID: 25992785 PMCID: PMC4436313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can lead to congenital hearing loss and mental retardation. Upon immune suppression, reactivation of latent HCMV or primary infection increases morbidity in cancer, transplantation, and late stage AIDS patients. Current treatments include nucleoside analogues, which have significant toxicities limiting their usefulness. In this study we screened a panel of synthetic heparin-binding peptides for their ability to prevent CMV infection in vitro. A peptide designated, p5+14 exhibited ~ 90% reduction in murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Because negatively charged, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), serve as the attachment receptor during the adsorption phase of the CMV infection cycle, we hypothesized that p5+14 effectively competes for CMV adsorption to the cell surface resulting in the reduction in infection. Positively charged Lys residues were required for peptide binding to cell-surface HSPGs and reducing viral infection. We show that this inhibition was not due to a direct neutralizing effect on the virus itself and that the peptide blocked adsorption of the virus. The peptide also inhibited infection of other herpesviruses: HCMV and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in vitro, demonstrating it has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Therefore, this peptide may offer an adjunct therapy for the treatment of herpes viral infections and other viruses that use HSPGs for entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Martin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raphael L. Richardson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hackenback
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tim E. Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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6
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Martin EB, Kennel SJ, Richey T, Wooliver C, Osborne D, Williams A, Stuckey A, Wall JS. Dynamic PET and SPECT imaging with radioiodinated, amyloid-reactive peptide p5 in mice: a positive role for peptide dehalogenation. Peptides 2014; 60:63-70. [PMID: 25102446 PMCID: PMC4169731 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular imaging provides bio-kinetic data that is used to characterize novel radiolabeled tracers for the detection of disease. Amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding disease that can affect many organs. It is characterized by extracellular deposits composed principally of fibrillar proteins and hypersulfated proteoglycans. We have previously described a peptide, p5, which binds preferentially to amyloid deposits in a murine model of reactive (AA) amyloidosis. We have determined the whole body distribution of amyloid by molecular imaging techniques using radioiodinated p5. The loss of radioiodide from imaging probes due to enzymatic reaction has plagued the use of radioiodinated peptides and antibodies. Therefore, we studied iodine-124-labeled p5 by using dynamic PET imaging of both amyloid-laden and healthy mice to assess the rates of amyloid binding, the relevance of dehalogenation and the fate of the radiolabeled peptide. Rates of blood pool clearance, tissue accumulation and dehalogenation of the peptide were estimated from the images. Comparisons of these properties between the amyloid-laden and healthy mice provided kinetic profiles whose differences may prove to be indicative of the disease state. Additionally, we performed longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging with iodine-125-labeled p5 up to 72h post injection to determine the stability of the radioiodinated peptide when bound to the extracellular amyloid. Our data show that amyloid-associated peptide, in contrast to the unbound peptide, is resistant to dehalogenation resulting in enhanced amyloid-specific imaging. These data further support the utility of this peptide for detecting amyloidosis and monitoring potential therapeutic strategies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Dustin Osborne
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
| | - Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States.
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7
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Wall JS, Williams A, Richey T, Stuckey A, Huang Y, Wooliver C, Macy S, Heidel E, Gupta N, Lee A, Rader B, Martin EB, Kennel SJ. A binding-site barrier affects imaging efficiency of high affinity amyloid-reactive peptide radiotracers in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66181. [PMID: 23750281 PMCID: PMC3672142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a complex pathology associated with a growing number of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and myeloma. The distribution and extent of amyloid deposition in body organs establishes the prognosis and can define treatment options; therefore, determining the amyloid load by using non-invasive molecular imaging is clinically important. We have identified a heparin-binding peptide designated p5 that, when radioiodinated, was capable of selectively imaging systemic visceral AA amyloidosis in a murine model of the disease. The p5 peptide was posited to bind effectively to amyloid deposits, relative to similarly charged polybasic heparin-reactive peptides, because it adopted a polar α helix secondary structure. We have now synthesized a variant, p5R, in which the 8 lysine amino acids of p5 have been replaced with arginine residues predisposing the peptide toward the α helical conformation in an effort to enhance the reactivity of the peptide with the amyloid substrate. The p5R peptide had higher affinity for amyloid and visualized AA amyloid in mice by using SPECT/CT imaging; however, the microdistribution, as evidenced in micro-autoradiographs, was dramatically altered relative to the p5 peptide due to its increased affinity and a resultant “binding site barrier” effect. These data suggest that radioiodinated peptide p5R may be optimal for the in vivo detection of discreet, perivascular amyloid, as found in the brain and pancreatic vasculature, by using molecular imaging techniques; however, peptide p5, due to its increased penetration, may yield more quantitative imaging of expansive tissue amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
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8
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Wieduwild R, Tsurkan M, Chwalek K, Murawala P, Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Neinhuis C, Werner C, Zhang Y. Minimal Peptide Motif for Non-covalent Peptide–Heparin Hydrogels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2919-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wieduwild
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail Tsurkan
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Nowak
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg
20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe
Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular
Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Bechara C, Pallerla M, Zaltsman Y, Burlina F, Alves ID, Lequin O, Sagan S. Tryptophan within basic peptide sequences triggers glycosaminoglycan‐dependent endocytosis. FASEB J 2012; 27:738-49. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-216176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chérine Bechara
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
| | - Manjula Pallerla
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
| | - Yefim Zaltsman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Chimie et Biologie Des Membranes et Des Nanoobjets (CBMN)UMR 5248, CNRSPessacFrance
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 6Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
- Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)UMR 7203, Laboratoire des BioMolécules (LBM)ParisFrance
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10
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In vivo molecular imaging of peripheral amyloidosis using heparin-binding peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:E586-94. [PMID: 21807994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103247108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitous components of pathologic amyloid deposits in the organs of patients with disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or systemic light chain (AL) or reactive (AA) amyloidosis. Molecular imaging methods for early detection are limited and generally unavailable outside the United Kingdom. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel, specific amyloidophilic radiotracers for imaging to assist in diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring response to therapy. Amyloid-associated HSPG can be differentiated from HSPG found in surrounding healthy cells and tissues by the preferential binding of certain HS-reactive single chain variable fragments and therefore, represents a biomarker that can be targeted specifically with appropriate reagents. Using a murine model of AA amyloidosis, we have examined the in vivo amyloid reactivity of seven heparin-binding peptides by using single photon emission and X-ray computed tomographic imaging, microautoradiography, and tissue biodistribution measurements. All of the peptides bound amyloid deposits within 1 h post-injection, but the extent of the reactivity differed widely, which was evidenced by image quality and grain density in autoradiographs. One radiolabeled peptide bound specifically to murine AA amyloid in the liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, heart, and pancreas with such avidity that it was observed in single photon emission tomography images as late as 24 h post-injection. In addition, a biotinylated form of this peptide was shown histochemically to bind human AA, ALκ, ALλ, transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), and Aβ amyloid deposits in tissue sections. These basic heparin-binding peptides recognize murine and human amyloid deposits in both in vivo and ex vivo tissues and therefore, have potential as radiotracers for the noninvasive molecular imaging of amyloid deposits in situ.
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11
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Rullo A, Nitz M. Importance of the spatial display of charged residues in heparin-peptide interactions. Biopolymers 2010; 93:290-8. [PMID: 19885920 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have examined consensus sequences required for protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions. Through the synthesis of helical heparin binding peptides, this study probes the relationship between spatial arrangement of positive charge and heparin binding affinity. Peptides with a linear distribution of positive charge along one face of the alpha-helix had the highest affinity for heparin. Moving the basic residues away from a single face resulted in drastic changes in heparin binding affinity of up to three orders of magnitude. These findings demonstrate that amino acid sequences, different from the known heparin binding consensus sequences, will form high affinity protein-heparin binding interactions when the charged residues are aligned linearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Rullo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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Wu CW, Jayaraman G, Chien KY, Liu YJ, Lyu PC. Influence of peptide conformation on oligosaccharide binding characteristics--a study using apamin-based chimeric peptide. Peptides 2003; 24:1853-61. [PMID: 15127937 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and heparin play a crucial role in most of the cellular process. Unraveling the forces that govern the formation of these complexes is vital for understanding the specificities involved in these biomolecular events. In the present study, a detailed analysis has been undertaken to evaluate the effect(s) of peptide conformation on heparin-binding, using a chimeric peptide, apaK6--a chimera of a highly stable neurotoxic peptide from honey-bee venom and a de novo designed lysine-rich peptide. The dissociation constants of these peptide-heparin complexes were found to be in the submicromolar range. Comparison of the results obtained from the titration of the disulfide-reduced and disulfide-intact chimeric peptide with various sulfated oligosaccharides, derived from heparin, suggest that the initial structure of the peptide has pronounced effect on the binding affinity, binding modes and also on binding preferences. The results of this study indicate that the heparin-binding specificity of an isolated peptide and that exhibited by the same peptide when present in a globular protein could be significantly different, especially if the isolated peptide undergoes conformational change(s) upon binding to the sulfated oligosaccharides. In addition, such dependency of the binding specificity on the preformed structures could be utilized for the design of high-affinity and sequence-specific heparin-binding polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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14
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Hakansson S, Caffrey M. Structural and dynamic properties of the HIV-1 tat transduction domain in the free and heparin-bound states. Biochemistry 2003; 42:8999-9006. [PMID: 12885232 DOI: 10.1021/bi020715+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 11-residue basic domain of the HIV-1 tat protein, termed the tat transduction domain (TTD), has been shown to mediate transfer of biomolecules across biological membranes. The mechanism of TTD-mediated membrane translocation is currently unknown but thought to involve binding to heparan sulfate, which is found in proteoglycans that are ubiquitously present on cell surfaces. To study the mechanism of TTD-mediated membrane translocation, the TTD was fused to the C-terminus of a model cargo protein, the IgG binding domain of streptococcal protein G (PG) to form PG-TTD. NMR studies of PG-TTD in the free state indicated that the structure of the PG moiety of PG-TTD was not perturbed by the presence of the TTD and that the TTD moiety is in an extended conformation. Heteronuclear relaxation measurements of PG-TTD in the free state show that the TTD moiety of PG-TTD is relatively mobile (e.g., the average S(2) value of the TTD and PG core are approximately 0.54 and approximately 0.84, respectively). PG-TTD has been shown to bind to heparin by isothermal titration calorimetry (K(D) = 0.37 microM, Delta H = -12 kcal/mol, Delta S = -11 cal/mol/T). NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that heparin binds to the TTD moiety of PG-TTD. The heteronuclear relaxation measurements of PG-TTD in complex with heparin show that the TTD becomes less dynamic when bound to heparin (average S(2) value of the TTD is 0.69 in the presence of heparin). A model for the first step of TTD-mediated entry into cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Hakansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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15
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Sakharov DV, Jie AFH, Filippov DV, Bekkers MEA, van Boom JH, Rijken DC. Binding and retention of polycationic peptides and dendrimers in the vascular wall. FEBS Lett 2003; 537:6-10. [PMID: 12606022 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues, vascular tissue in particular, contains a high concentration of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are involved in the regulation of cell motility, cell proliferation and the regulation of enzyme activities. Previously, we have shown that the vascular ECM is capable of binding an extremely high concentration of positively charged molecules, such as polylysine. Vascular ECM can be used therefore as a substrate for binding and retention of drugs delivered intravascularly, if these drugs are endowed with an ability to bind to the vascular ECM. In this study, we evaluated a number of positively charged molecules as potential affinity vehicles for delivery of drugs to the vascular ECM. We labelled the molecules of interest with fluorescence and compared them ex vivo in terms of binding and retention in the de-endothelialised rat carotid artery after intravascular delivery under pressure. High molecular weight polylysine (84 kDa) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers accumulated in the wall of the artery up to a concentration of 10 mg/ml and were not washed away significantly after 4 h of perfusion of the artery. A 24-mer peptide containing a consensus sequence for binding to GAGs (ARRRAARA)(3), 2.7 kDa, was comparable to high molecular weight polylysine and dendrimers in terms of binding and retention. A 14-mer GAG-binding peptide from vitronectin and low molecular weight polylysine, 3 kDa, accumulated in the vascular wall up to about 3 mg/ml and was washed away after 30 min of perfusion. A 10-mer consensus GAG-binding peptide did not bind significantly to the vascular tissue. We conclude that the consensus 24-mer GAG-binding peptide is by far superior to polylysine of a similar molecular weight in terms of binding to vascular tissue, and can provide high accumulation and long-term retention of a low molecular weight compound (fluorescein, as a model molecule) in the vascular wall. Rationally designed GAG-binding peptides can be useful as affinity vehicles for targeting drugs to the vascular ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Sakharov
- Gaubius Laboratory, TNO Prevention and Health, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Park YJ, Liang JF, Song H, Li YT, Naik S, Yang VC. ATTEMPTS: a heparin/protamine-based triggered release system for the delivery of enzyme drugs without associated side-effects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:251-65. [PMID: 12564979 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A prodrug type delivery system based on competitive ionic binding for the conversion of the prodrug to an active drug has been developed for delivery of enzyme drugs without their associated toxic side-effects. This approach, termed "ATTEMPTS" (antibody targeted, triggered, electrically modified prodrug-type strategy), would permit the administration of an inactive drug and then subsequently triggered release of the active drug at the target site. The underlying principle was to modify the enzyme with small cationic species so that it could bind a negatively charged heparin-linked antibody, and the latter would block the activity of the enzyme drug until it reached the target. To provide the enzyme drug with appropriate binding strength to heparin, a cationic poly(Arg)(7) peptide was incorporated onto the enzyme either by the chemical conjugation method using a bifunctional crosslinker or by the biological conjugation method using the recombinant methodology. Methods for drug modification, heparin-antibody conjugation, and the prodrug and triggered release features of the "ATTEMPTS" approach are described in detail in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1065, USA
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17
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Pimenta DC, Nantes IL, de Souza ES, Le Bonniec B, Ito AS, Tersariol ILS, Oliveira V, Juliano MA, Juliano L. Interaction of heparin with internally quenched fluorogenic peptides derived from heparin-binding consensus sequences, kallistatin and anti-thrombin III. Biochem J 2002; 366:435-46. [PMID: 12000310 PMCID: PMC1222784 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2002] [Revised: 05/02/2002] [Accepted: 05/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Internally quenched fluorogenic (IQF) peptides bearing the fluorescence donor/acceptor pair o-aminobenzoic acid (Abz)/N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine (EDDnp) at N- and C-terminal ends were synthesized containing heparin-binding sites from the human serpins kallistatin and antithrombin, as well as consensus heparin-binding sequences (Cardin clusters). The dissociation constant (K(d)), as well as the stoichiometry for the heparin-peptide complexes, was determined directly by measuring the decrease in fluorescence of the peptide solution. Experimental procedures were as sensitive as those used to follow the fluorescence change of tryptophan in heparin-binding proteins. The conformation of the peptides and the heparin-peptide complexes were obtained from measurements of time-resolved fluorescence decay and CD spectra. Kallistatin (Arg(300)-Pro(319))-derived peptide (HC2) and one derived from antithrombin III helix D [(AT3D), corresponding to Ser(112)-Lys(139)], which are the heparin-binding sites in these serpins, showed significant affinity for 4500 Da heparin, for which K(d) values were 17 nM and 100 nM respectively. The CD spectra of the heparin-HC2 peptide complex did not show any significant alpha-helix content, different from the situation with peptide AT3D, for which complex-formation with heparin resulted in 24% alpha-helix content. The end-to-end distance distribution and the time-resolved fluorescence-decay measurements agree with the CD spectra and K(d) values. The synthetic alpha-methyl glycoside pentasaccharide AGA*IA(M) (where A represents N,6-O-sulphated alpha-d-glucosamine; G, beta-d-glucuronic acid; A*, N,3,6-O-sulphated alpha-d-glucosamine; I, 2-O-sulphated alpha-l-iduronic acid; and A(M), alpha-methyl glycoside of A) also binds to AT3D and other consensus heparin-binding sequences, although with lower affinity. The interaction of IQF peptides with 4500 Da heparin was displaced by protamine. In conclusion, IQF peptides containing Abz/EDDnp as the donor/acceptor fluorescence pair are very promising tools for structure-activity relationship studies on heparin-peptide complexes, as well as for the development of new peptides as heparin reversal-effect compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Pimenta
- Centro de Toxinologia Aplicada, CAT/CEPID, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo SP-05503-900, Brazil
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18
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Michon IN, Hauer AD, von der Thüsen JH, Molenaar TJM, van Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL, Kuiper J. Targeting of peptides to restenotic vascular smooth muscle cells using phage display in vitro and in vivo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1591:87-97. [PMID: 12183059 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis after angioplasty occurs in 30-40% of the treated patients. To develop a strategy to deliver drugs to restenotic lesions, we selected phages that bind to proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), from a random constraint 15-mer peptide phage display library. Phages were selected for binding to cultured primary aortic VSMC (in vitro biopanning) and selected for binding to denudated carotid arteries in mice (in vivo biopanning). In vitro biopanning did not result in a consensus sequence, but recurring FLGW and LASR amino acid motifs were identified. In vivo biopanning resulted in two consensus peptides 5G6 (CNIWGVVLSWIGVFPEC) and 5E5 (CESLWGGLMWTIGLSDC). Surprisingly, these two sequences were recovered after both in vitro and in vivo biopanning, but predominantly in vivo. Moreover, a strong recurring motif, IGR, was identified in the in vivo clones. The consensus phages 5G6 and 5E5 bind selectively to VSMC compared to other cell types. Furthermore, they bind preferentially to proliferating VSMC compared to VSMC that were growth arrested, and are effectively internalized by their target cells. The specific binding capacities of 5G6 and 5E5 phages suggest that these peptide sequences can be used for targeting of restenotic lesions, in which proliferating VSMC are the dominant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N Michon
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Tersariol ILS, Pimenta DC, Chagas JR, Almeida PC. Proteinase activity regulation by glycosaminoglycans. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:135-44. [PMID: 11847516 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few reports concerning the biological role and the mechanisms of interaction between proteinases and carbohydrates other than those involved in clotting. It has been shown that the interplay of enzymes and glycosaminoglycans is able to modulate the activity of different proteases and also to affect their structures. From the large number of proteases belonging to the well-known protease families and also the variety of carbohydrates described as widely distributed, only few events have been analyzed more deeply. The term "family" is used to describe a group of proteases in which every member shows an evolutionary relationship to at least one other protease. This relationship may be evident throughout the entire sequence, or at least in that part of the sequence responsible for catalytic activity. The majority of proteases belong to the serine, cysteine, aspartic or metalloprotease families. By considering the existing limited proteolysis process, in addition to the initial idea that the proteinases participate only in digestive processes, it is possible to conclude that the function of the enzymes is strictly limited to the cleavage of intended substrates since the destruction of functional proteins would result in normal tissue damage. In addition, the location as well as the eventual regulation of protease activity promoted by glycosaminoglycans can play an essential role in the development of several physiopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L S Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brasil
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