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Fujii J, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Biological Action of Singlet Molecular Oxygen from the Standpoint of Cell Signaling, Injury and Death. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104085. [PMID: 37241826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer to ground state triplet molecular oxygen results in the generation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), which has potent oxidizing ability. Irradiation of light, notably ultraviolet A, to a photosensitizing molecule results in the generation of 1O2, which is thought to play a role in causing skin damage and aging. It should also be noted that 1O2 is a dominant tumoricidal component that is generated during the photodynamic therapy (PDT). While type II photodynamic action generates not only 1O2 but also other reactive species, endoperoxides release pure 1O2 upon mild exposure to heat and, hence, are considered to be beneficial compounds for research purposes. Concerning target molecules, 1O2 preferentially reacts with unsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid peroxidation. Enzymes that contain a reactive cysteine group at the catalytic center are vulnerable to 1O2 exposure. Guanine base in nucleic acids is also susceptible to oxidative modification, and cells carrying DNA with oxidized guanine units may experience mutations. Since 1O2 is produced in various physiological reactions in addition to photodynamic reactions, overcoming technical challenges related to its detection and methods used for its generation would allow its potential functions in biological systems to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Komine C, Uchibori S, Tsudukibashi O, Tsujimoto Y. Application of Reactive Oxygen Species in Dental Treatment. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091531. [PMID: 36143315 PMCID: PMC9503199 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, which have been implicated in inflammation, pain, carcinogenesis, and aging, are actually used in dental treatments such as tooth bleaching and composite resin polymerization. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the application of ROS in the medical and dental fields. In previous studies, ROS were generated intentionally through pathways such as photolysis, photocatalytic methods, and photodynamic therapy, which are used in the medical field to target cancer. In the field of dentistry, generated ROS are applied mainly for periodontal treatment and sterilization of the root canal, and its effectiveness as an antibacterial photodynamic therapy has been widely reported.. Given this background, the present article aimed to review the basic effects of ROS in dental medicine, especially endodontic therapy, and to discuss future applications of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Komine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Dentistry for the Compromised Patient, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-360-9465
| | - Satoshi Uchibori
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prothodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsudukibashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Dentistry for the Compromised Patient, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tsujimoto
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Misba L, Abdulrahman H, Khan AU. Photodynamic efficacy of toluidine blue O against mono species and dual species bacterial biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:383-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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De Corato U. Improving the shelf-life and quality of fresh and minimally-processed fruits and vegetables for a modern food industry: A comprehensive critical review from the traditional technologies into the most promising advancements. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:940-975. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1553025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo De Corato
- ENEA – Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development – Department of Biotechnology, Agroindustry and Health Protection, Trisaia Research Centre, Matera, Italy
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Misba L, Zaidi S, Khan AU. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: Role of singlet oxygen. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:16-21. [PMID: 29680469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), killing is entirely based on the ROS generation and among different types of ROS generated during PDT, singlet oxygen is considered as the most potential as illustrated in many studies and therefore it is predominantly responsible for photodamage and cytotoxic reactions. The aim of this study was to check whether singlet oxygen (Type II photochemistry) is more potential than free radicals (Type I photochemistry) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. We have taken two phenothiazinium dyes i.e. toluidine blue O (TBO) and new methylene blue (NMB). TBO was found to have better antibacterial as well as antibiofilm effect than NMB. Antibacterial effect was evaluated by colony forming unit while antibiofilm action by crystal violet and congo red binding assays. We have also evaluated the disruption of preformed biofilm by biofilm reduction assay, confocal laser electron and scanning electron microscopy. More singlet oxygen production was detected in case of TBO than NMB while more Free radical (HO) was produced by NMB than TBO. TBO showed better antibacterial as well as antibiofilm effect than NMB so; we conclude that potency of a photosensitizer is correlated with the capability to produce singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Misba
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahar Zaidi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Pankaj SK, Wan Z, Colonna W, Keener KM. Effect of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma on white grape juice quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4016-4021. [PMID: 28195339 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the effects of novel, non-thermal high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) processing on the quality of grape juice. A quality-based comparison of cold plasma treatment with thermal pasteurization treatment of white grape juice was done. RESULTS HVACP treatment of grape juice at 80 kV for 4 min resulted in a 7.4 log10 CFU mL-1 reduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without any significant (P > 0.05) change in pH, acidity and electrical conductivity of the juice. An increase in non-enzymatic browning was observed, but total color difference was very low and within acceptable limits. Spectrophotometric measurements showed a decrease in total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity, but they were found to be comparable to those resulting from thermal pasteurization. An increase in total flavonols was observed after HVACP treatments. CONCLUSION HVACP treatment of white grape juice at 80 kV for 2 min was found to be comparable to thermal pasteurization in all analyzed quality attributes. HVACP has shown the potential to be used as an alternative to thermal treatment of white grape juice. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zifan Wan
- Center for Crop Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William Colonna
- Center for Crop Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin M Keener
- Center for Crop Utilization Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Lactobacilli enhance reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis-inducing signaling. Redox Biol 2017; 11:715-724. [PMID: 28193594 PMCID: PMC5310163 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
H2O2-producing lactobacilli in the vaginal fluid have been suggested to play a potential tumor-preventive role in addition to the control of undesirable microorganisms. As the vaginal fluid also contains a significant concentration of peroxidase that might utilize lactobacilli-derived H2O2 as substrate for HOCl synthesis, a dominant biological role of HOCl in both natural defence systems has been postulated. Our study shows that lactobacillus-derived H2O2 per se is not likely to be beneficial for the vaginal epithelium, as it causes apoptosis nonselectively in nontransformed as well as transformed cells. However, the combination of lactobacilli and peroxidase, i.e. the situation that is actually found in vivo, leads to the conversion of H2O2 to HOCl which does not affect non-malignant cells, as these do not generate extracellular superoxide anions. In contrast, malignant cells, due to their abundant extracellular superoxide anion generation allow the generation of apoptosis-inducing hydroxyl radicals through HOCl/superoxide anion interaction. In total, our data show that the combination of H2O2 -generating lactobacilli and peroxidase causes the selective elimination of malignant cells and thus might contribute to the tumorpreventive potential of lactobacilli. These findings are in good agreement with epidemiological data. The contribution of lactobacilli in this system can be completely mimicked by H2O2-generating glucose oxidase, indicating that it is fully explained by bacterial generation of H2O2. Lactobacillus-derived H2O2 induces apoptosis in nontransformed and transformed cells. MPO converts H2O2 into HOCl that exerts a selective apoptosis-inducing effect on malignant cells. Extracellular superoxide anions of malignant cells are crucial for selective apoptosis induction. A model for the tumor protective role of lactobacilli in the presence of peroxidase is presented.
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Rajendran M. Quinones as photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: ROS generation, mechanism and detection methods. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:175-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Evaluation of textile dye degradation due to the combined action of enzyme horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2741-7. [PMID: 25248990 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic parameters of the oxidant action of the combination of enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with hydrogen peroxide in the degradation of methylene blue dye were investigated. Twenty-one percent of color removal was obtained at pH 5.0 and temperature of 30 °C. Under these conditions, the kinetic parameters K m and V max of enzymatic reactions were determined for hydrogen peroxide in the absence of methylene blue dye (K m = 17.3 mM; V max = 1.97 mM/min) and in the presence of methylene blue dye (K m = 0.27 mM, V max = 0.29 μM/min). By means of analysis of phosphorescence, the presence of reactive oxygen species was detected in the form of singlet oxygen through the redox reaction between HRP and hydrogen peroxide. The existence of this reactive species is directly dependent on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous solution.
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11
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Komine C, Tsujimoto Y. A Small Amount of Singlet Oxygen Generated via Excited Methylene Blue by Photodynamic Therapy Induces the Sterilization of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2013; 39:411-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Otsu K, Sato K, Sato M, Ono H, Ohba Y, Katagata Y. Impaired activation of caspase cascade during cell death induced by newly synthesized singlet oxygen generator, 1-buthylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide. Cell Biol Int 2013; 32:1380-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Takahashi C, Tsujimoto Y, Yamamoto Y. The effect of irradiation wavelengths and the crystal structures of titanium dioxide on the formation of singlet oxygen for bacterial killing. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012. [PMID: 22962531 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-22.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective methods for oral bacterial disinfection have been desired, since bacteria cause many infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and endodontic infections. Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is attractive, because it is toxic to prokaryotic cells, but not to eukaryotic cells. We selected irradiation of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as a source of (1)O(2), because it has been used in sunscreens and cosmetic products without complications. In order to establish the optimal oral photodynamic therapy conditions, we measured the rate of (1)O(2) formation from the irradiated anatase or rutile forms of TiO(2) using 365 or 405 nm lamps. The rate of (1)O(2) formation decreased in the following order: anatase, 365 nm > rutile, 405 nm > rutile, 365 nm > anatase, 405 nm. Therefore, we concluded that irradiation of the rutile form of TiO(2) by a 405 nm lamp is the most favorable photodynamic therapy condition, because visible light is more desirable than UV light from the viewpoint of patient safety. We also confirmed that there was no direct HO(•) formation from the irradiated TiO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitaka Takahashi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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14
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Ohira H, Fujioka Y, Katagiri C, Yano M, Mamoto R, Aoyama M, Usami M, Ikeda M. Butyrate enhancement of inteleukin-1β production via activation of oxidative stress pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 51:128-31. [PMID: 22962531 PMCID: PMC3432823 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective methods for oral bacterial disinfection have been desired, since bacteria cause many infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and endodontic infections. Singlet oxygen (1O2) is attractive, because it is toxic to prokaryotic cells, but not to eukaryotic cells. We selected irradiation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a source of 1O2, because it has been used in sunscreens and cosmetic products without complications. In order to establish the optimal oral photodynamic therapy conditions, we measured the rate of 1O2 formation from the irradiated anatase or rutile forms of TiO2 using 365 or 405 nm lamps. The rate of 1O2 formation decreased in the following order: anatase, 365 nm > rutile, 405 nm > rutile, 365 nm > anatase, 405 nm. Therefore, we concluded that irradiation of the rutile form of TiO2 by a 405 nm lamp is the most favorable photodynamic therapy condition, because visible light is more desirable than UV light from the viewpoint of patient safety. We also confirmed that there was no direct HO• formation from the irradiated TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ohira
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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15
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Glaeser SP, Grossart HP, Glaeser J. Singlet oxygen, a neglected but important environmental factor: short-term and long-term effects on bacterioplankton composition in a humic lake. Environ Microbiol 2010; 12:3124-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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17
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Chen Y, Qiu B, Jiang Y, Lin Z, Sun J, Zhang L, Chen G. Detection of hypoxanthine based on the electrochemiluminescent of 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one on the electrically heated indium–tin-oxide electrode. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Xu S, Labuza TP, Diez-Gonzalez F. Inactivation kinetics of avirulent Bacillus anthracis spores in milk with a combination of heat and hydrogen peroxide. J Food Prot 2008; 71:333-8. [PMID: 18326183 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of heat and hydrogen peroxide (HP) on the inactivation of avirulent Bacillus anthracis spores (Sterne strain 7702; strain ANR-1, an avirulent Ames derivative lacking the pXO2 plasmid; and strain 9131, a plasmid-less Sterne strain) was evaluated in milk. The study temperature ranged from 90 to 95 degrees C, and the concentration of added HP varied from 0.05 to 0.5%. Decimal reduction times (D-values) were determined using a sealed capillary tube technique. The mean D- and z-values of hydrated freeze-dried spores of all three strains in milk ranged from 550 s at 90 degrees C to 180 s at 94 degrees C and from 8.6 to 9.0 degrees C, respectively. When 0.05% HP was added to the milk, the D-values were decreased at least threefold, and at 0.5% HP the D-values ranged from 1 to 10 s. At 90 degrees C, all three strains had similar D-values when 0.05% HP was added. Increasing the concentration of HP to 0.5% had a greater reducing effect on the D-value for strain 7702 than on the values for strains ANR-1 and 9131. The rate of inactivation of each strain followed first-order reaction kinetics at each temperature-peroxide combination. Equations in the form of D = Constant x (HP concentration)n had R2 values greater than 0.97 for strains ANR-1 and 7702 and of at least 0.7 for strain 9131. This study suggests that a combination of high temperature (from 90 to 95 degrees C) and HP could be used for inactivation of B. anthracis spores in the event of deliberate contamination of milk such that the contaminated milk could be disposed of safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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19
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Inoue Y, Kogure M, Matsumoto KI, Hamashima H, Tsukada M, Endo K, Tanaka T. Light Irradiation Is a Factor in the Bactericidal Activity of Silver-Loaded Zeolite. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:692-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto Kogure
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Masamichi Tsukada
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Kazutoyo Endo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tatsuo Tanaka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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20
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Luo J, Li L, Zhang Y, Spitz DR, Buettner GR, Oberley LW, Domann FE. Inactivation of primary antioxidant enzymes in mouse keratinocytes by photodynamically generated singlet oxygen. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006; 8:1307-14. [PMID: 16910778 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular antioxidant enzymes protect against damage caused by exposure to endogenous or exogenous prooxidants. Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is a reactive form of oxygen that can be produced in vivo either in normal and pathophysiologic conditions or by photosensitizing chemicals, as during photodynamic treatment. We hypothesized that photodynamically generated (1)O(2) would decrease the enzymatic activities of cellular antioxidants. To test this hypothesis, we treated cultured mouse epidermal keratinocytes with the photosensitizer Photofrin plus visible light to produce (1)O(2), and then measured CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase activities with both ingel and spectrophotometric enzyme activity assays. Our results demonstrated that the enzymatic activities of cellular CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase were significantly decreased after keratinocytes were treated with Photofrin plus visible light. By contrast, the enzymatic activities of cellular CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase were unaffected in control cells treated with Photofrin only or visible light only. Despite the decreased levels of enzymatic activities, the protein levels of all three primary antioxidant enzymes remained constant after photodynamic treatment, as determined by Western blotting. L-Histidine, a (1)O(2) quencher, protected against the inactivation of cellular CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase enzymes induced by photodynamically generated (1)O(2). The conclusion from these experiments is that the primary cellular antioxidant enzymes CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and catalase can be inactivated by photodynamically generated (1)O(2) in nucleated mammalian cells. These findings may be useful in the future development of antineoplastic adjuvant therapies that use photodynamic generation of (1)O(2) to inactivate antioxidant defenses with a goal of sensitizing tumor cells to prooxidant-generating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Graduate Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
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Ihalin R, Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J. Origin, structure, and biological activities of peroxidases in human saliva. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 445:261-8. [PMID: 16111647 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human whole saliva contains two peroxidases, salivary peroxidase (hSPO) and myeloperoxidase (hMPO), which are part of the innate host defence in oral cavity. Both hSPO as well as human milk lactoperoxidase (hLPO) are coded by the same gene, but to what extent the different producing glands, salivary and mammary glands, affect the final conformation of the enzymes is not known. In human saliva the major function of hSPO and hMPO is to catalyze the oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN(-)) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) resulting in end products of wide antimicrobial potential. In addition cytotoxic H(2)O(2) is degraded. Similar peroxidation reactions inactivate some mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, which suggests another protective mechanism of peroxidases in human saliva. Although being target of an active antimicrobial research, the structure-function relationships of hSPO are poorly known. However, recently published method for recombinant hSPO production offers new tools for those investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Otsu K, Sato K, Ikeda Y, Imai H, Nakagawa Y, Ohba Y, Fujii J. An abortive apoptotic pathway induced by singlet oxygen is due to the suppression of caspase activation. Biochem J 2005; 389:197-206. [PMID: 15796713 PMCID: PMC1184552 DOI: 10.1042/bj20042067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen causes the cytotoxic process of tumour cells in photodynamic therapy. The mechanism by which singlet oxygen damages cells is, however, not fully understood. To address this issue, we synthesized and used two types of endoperoxides, MNPE (1-methylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide) and NDPE (naphthalene-1,4-dipropionate endoperoxide), that generate defined amounts of singlet oxygen at 37 degrees C with similar half lives. MNPE, which is more hydrophobic than NDPE, induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and exhibited cytotoxicity, but NDPE did not. RBL cells, a rat basophil leukaemia-derived line, that overexpress phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in mitochondria were found to be highly resistant to the cytotoxic effect of MNPE. MNPE treatment induced much less DNA ladder formation and nuclear fragmentation in cells than etoposide treatment, even though these treatments induced a similar extent of cellular damage. Singlet oxygen inhibited caspase 9 and 3 activities directly and also suppressed the activation of the caspase cascade. Collectively, these data suggest that singlet oxygen triggers an apoptotic pathway by releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria via the peroxidation of mitochondrial components and results in cell death that is different from typical apoptosis, because of the abortive apoptotic pathway caused by impaired caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Otsu
- *Department of Biomolecular Function, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sato
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- ‡Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nakagawa
- §School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohba
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- *Department of Biomolecular Function, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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23
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Anthony JR, Warczak KL, Donohue TJ. A transcriptional response to singlet oxygen, a toxic byproduct of photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:6502-7. [PMID: 15855269 PMCID: PMC1088386 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502225102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of phototrophs to convert light into biological energy is critical for life on Earth. However, there can be deleterious consequences associated with this bioenergetic conversion, including the production of toxic byproducts. For example, singlet oxygen (1O2) can be formed during photosynthesis by energy transfer from excited triplet-state chlorophyll pigments to O2. By monitoring gene expression and growth in the presence of 1O2, we show that the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides mounts a transcriptional response to this reactive oxygen species (ROS) that requires the alternative sigma factor, sigma(E). An increase in sigma(E) activity is seen when cells are exposed to 1O2 generated either by photochemistry within the photosynthetic apparatus or the photosensitizer, methylene blue. Wavelengths of light responsible for the generating triplet-state chlorophyll pigments in the photosynthetic apparatus are sufficient for a sustained increase in sigma(E) activity. Continued exposure to 1O2 is required to maintain this transcriptional response, and other ROS do not cause a similar increase in sigma(E)-dependent gene expression. When a sigma(E) mutant produces low levels of carotenoids, 1O2 is bacteriocidal, suggesting that this response is essential for protecting cells from this ROS. In addition, global gene expression analysis identified approximately 180 genes (approximately 60 operons) whose RNA levels increase > or = 3-fold in cells with increased sigma(E) activity. Gene products encoded by four newly identified sigma(E)-dependent operons are predicted to be involved in stress response, protecting cells from 1O2 damage, or the conservation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Anthony
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Arisawa F, Tatsuzawa H, Kambayashi Y, Kuwano H, Fujimori K, Nakano M. MCLA-dependent chemiluminescence suggests that singlet oxygen plays a pivotal role in myeloperoxidase-catalysed bactericidal action in neutrophil phagosomes. LUMINESCENCE 2003; 18:229-38. [PMID: 12950060 DOI: 10.1002/bio.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria ingested by a neutrophil are located in phagosomes in which H(2)O(2) is produced through the NADPH oxidase-dependent respiratory burst. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays important role in the bactericidal action of phagosomes. MPO catalyses the reaction of H(2)O(2) and Cl(-) to produce HClO. The chemical mechanism behind the bactericidal action of the MPO-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system is unclear. Bactericidal action may result from (a) the direct reactions of HOCl with biological components (through amine chlorination) or (b) (1)O(2), formed non-enzymatically from HOCl and H(2)O(2), that mainly works to kill microorganisms through bacterial respiratory chain injury. To answer this question, we developed a Cypridina luciferin analogue (MCLA)-dependent chemiluminescence method to determine the rate of formation of (1)O(2) from a (1)O(2) source at pH 4.5-9.0. Using the MCLA-dependent chemiluminescence method, we found that the rate of formation of (1)O(2) from the MPO-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system peaked at pH 7.0. Segal et al. (28) reported that almost all Staphylococcus aureus is killed 2 min after phagocytosis by neutrophils where the phagosomal pH is 7.4-7.75. However, amine chlorination by HOCl did not proceed at pH > 7.0. Moreover, the bactericidal activities of the MPO-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system with Escherichia coli at pH 4.5 and 8.0 were paralleled by the rate of formation of (1)O(2). Combining these observations and the results reported by Segal et al., we concluded that (1)O(2) is a major chemical species in the killing of bacteria in neutrophil phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Arisawa
- Department of Surgery 1, Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
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25
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Cavalcante AKD, Martinez GR, Di Mascio P, Menck CFM, Agnez-Lima LF. Cytotoxicity and mutagenesis induced by singlet oxygen in wild type and DNA repair deficient Escherichia coli strains. DNA Repair (Amst) 2002; 1:1051-6. [PMID: 12531014 DOI: 10.1016/s1568-7864(02)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is a product of several biological processes and can be generated in photodynamic therapy, through a photosensitization type II mechanism. (1)O(2) is able to interact with lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell killing and mutagenesis, and can be directly involved with degenerative processes such as cancer and aging. In this work, we analyzed the cytotoxicity and mutagenesis induced after direct treatment of wild type and the DNA repair fpg and/or mutY deficient Escherichia coli strains with disodium 3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene) diproprionate endoperoxide (NDPO(2)), which releases (1)O(2) by thermodissociation. The treatment induced cell killing and mutagenesis in all strains, but the mutY strain showed to be more sensitive. These results indicate that even (1)O(2) generated outside bacterial cells may lead to DNA damage that could be repaired by pathways that employ MutY protein. As (1)O(2) is highly reactive, its interaction with cell membranes may generate secondary products that could react with DNA, leading to mutagenic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Dias Cavalcante
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal CEP 59072970, RN, Brazil
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26
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Inoue Y, Hoshino M, Takahashi H, Noguchi T, Murata T, Kanzaki Y, Hamashima H, Sasatsu M. Bactericidal activity of Ag-zeolite mediated by reactive oxygen species under aerated conditions. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 92:37-42. [PMID: 12230986 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bactericidal activity induced by the introduction of silver ions into zeolite was studied. Escherichia coli was used as the test microorganism. Silver ions were loaded into zeolite by the ion-exchange method. Silver-loaded zeolite was demonstrated the strong bactericidal activity. Dissolved oxygen was an essential factor for the occurrence of the bactericidal activity because the activity was observed only under aerated condition. Superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen were formed. Scavengers of these each reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibited the bactericidal activity. This means that all ROS contributed to the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Inoue
- Department of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashitamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Agnez-Lima LF, Di Mascio P, Demple B, Menck CF. Singlet molecular oxygen triggers the soxRS regulon of Escherichia coli. Biol Chem 2001; 382:1071-5. [PMID: 11530938 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The electronically excited molecular oxygen (singlet oxygen, 1O2) can be detrimental to cells in several ways, although recent reports indicate that it may play a role as an intercellular signal in eukaryotes. Here we present evidence that 1O2, generated by thermodissociation of disodium 3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene) diproprionate endoperoxide, activates transcription of genes of the soxRS regulon, and that this induction is paralleled by induction of a soxS'::lacZ operon fusion. The inductions were dependent on a functional soxR gene. These data imply that protective responses, such as induction of the soxRS regulon, may be triggered by diverse environmental oxidative stresses, and that 1O2 may also function as a signal molecule in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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28
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Tatsuzawa H, Maruyama T, Misawa N, Fujimori K, Nakano M. Quenching of singlet oxygen by carotenoids produced in escherichia coli - attenuation of singlet oxygen-mediated bacterial killing by carotenoids. FEBS Lett 2000; 484:280-4. [PMID: 11078893 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the viability of Escherichia coli transformants harboring various carotenoids synthesizing genes in a medium containing an enzymatic singlet oxygen generating system, which contained myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and Br(-) at pH 4.5. Singlet oxygen quenching activities of various carotenoids in phosphatidyl choline micelles in aqueous media were also studied using the same enzymatic singlet oxygen generating system. Viability of the transformants producing carotenoids was higher than that of the wild type E. coli in the singlet oxygen generation mixture. Of the transformants tested, the viability of zeaxanthin-diglucoside producing transformant was the highest. Carotenoids in increasing order of k(q) values were beta-carotene, a cyclic carotene<zeaxanthin with hydroxy groups < or =lycopene, an acyclic carotene<canthaxanthin and astaxanthin with keto groups <<zeaxanthin-diglucoside. The k(q) value of zeaxanthin-diglucoside was 3.5 times higher than that of beta-carotene. These results suggest that orientation of the carotenoids in lipid layers of micelles and also in phospholipid membrane of bacteria is important for quenching of singlet oxygen. Furthermore, the viability of transformants producing lycopene and phytoene was almost as high as that of the transformant producing zeaxanthin-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tatsuzawa
- Marine Biotechnology Institute (MBI), Kamaishi Laboratories, Japan.
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29
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Nakano M, Kambayashi Y, Tatsuzawa H. 3-(4'-methyl-1'-naphthyl)propionic acid, 1',4'-endoperoxide for dioxygenation of squalene and for bacterial killing. Methods Enzymol 2000; 319:216-22. [PMID: 10907513 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(00)19022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nakano
- Department of Photon and Free Radical Research, Japan Immunoresearch Laboratories, Takasaki, Japan
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lledias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F
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31
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Tatsuzawa H, Maruyama T, Hori K, Sano Y, Nakano M. Singlet oxygen ((1)Delta(g)O(2)) as the principal oxidant in myeloperoxidase-mediated bacterial killing in neutrophil phagosome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 262:647-50. [PMID: 10471379 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intraphagosomal viability of wild type E. coli and lycopene (a powerful (1)O(2) quencher)-producing transformant E. coli was investigated using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes as the cells for phagocytosis of opsonized viable bacteria. While the viability of both wild type and the transformant E. coli decreased very rapidly in the phagosome, but the viability of the lycopene-transformant in phagosomes was about 1.7 times higher than that of wild type E. coli after 5 min of incubation. The results were very similar to the results obtained when E. coli strains were exposed to (1)O(2) generated in myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-Br(-) system (a pure (1)O(2) generating system) at pH 4.5. The reason for HOCl, which may be generated in the myeloperoxidase-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system under physiological conditions but does not become involved in bactericidal action, could be explained by the near neutral pH in phagosomes at which bacterial killing by chlorination is extensively attenuated. This is the first report which proved (1)O(2)-mediated bacterial killing in neutrophil-bacterial phagosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tatsuzawa
- Kamaishi Laboratories, Marine Biotechnology Institute (MBI), Heita Kamaishi-shi, Iwate, 026-0001, Japan
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