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Moudgil P, Kumar R, Jindal N, Moudgil AD. Sub-lineages of Taenia solium Asian Genotype Recorded in North India. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1237-1245. [PMID: 35616832 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of significant veterinary and medical importance owing to its economic impact and public health significance. The present study aimed at genetic characterization of Taenia solium metacestodes in slaughtered pigs of Haryana (North India). METHODS A total of 213 (160 and 53 from Chandigarh and Hisar, respectively) slaughtered pigs intended for human consumption were screened for the presence of T. solium metacestodes. The retrieved metacestodes were confirmed molecularly based on the partial amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Evolutionary divergence, haplotype and nucleotide diversities and neutrality indices of the retrieved isolates were also assessed. RESULTS Out of the 213 pigs, 2 (0.94%) revealed the presence of metacestodes involving 1 pig each from Chandigarh (0.62%) and Hisar (1.9%). The sequences obtained after custom sequencing were submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers LC661682-83. The present study haplotype clustered with haplotypes of Asian origin and showed variation from other haplotypes by 1-23 mutational steps. However, the present study isolates also showed nucleotide polymorphisms (A198T, A199G, A201T, G204A, T206A, C210T, T212G, T213A, T216G/A, T217C, T221C, C524T, G994A) at different positions, which indicated the presence of sub-lineages. Low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.020) and negative value of Tajima's D (- 1.304) observed for the haplotypes under consideration was indicative of purifying selection and recent population expansion. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the circulation of T. solium Asian genotype (with distinct sub-lineages) in study area and recommends strict control measures to contain the zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Aman D Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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Jacob SS, Sengupta PP, Chandu AGS, Shamshad S, Yogisharadhya R, Sudhagar S, Ramesh P. Existence of genetic lineages within Asian genotype of Taenia solium-Genetic characterization based on mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2256-2265. [PMID: 34235870 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a potentially eradicable neglected zoonotic disease with public health importance. The genetic lineages of T. solium in Asia and Africa/America are distinct and the genetic composition of the parasite was found to influence the clinical symptoms in patients with cysticercosis. In the present study, the Cysticerci collected from pigs of two southern states of India (Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh) were genetically characterized based on mitochondrial (COX 1 and Cyt b) and ribosomal (ITS-1 and TBR) DNA markers. The study confirms the existence of two mitochondrial lineages of the parasite as Asian and African/American. Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX 1) based analysis revealed the existence of two sub-lineages of the parasite within the Asian lineage based on the polymorphism at 994 position as 994A/G. In India, both the sub-lineages were identified and genetic divergence among different Indian isolates was evident. Further, the sequence analysis of Cytochrome B (Cyt b) revealed the existence of six sub-lineages of T. solium in India as 69T/69G, 97A/97G as well as 264T/264C. The analysis of nucleotide sequence of large subunit ribosomal DNA (TBR) revealed the existence of two sub-lineages in India based on the deletion of a nucleotide at 624th position. The cysts collected in the present study were more closely related to those of China and Indonesia than with other Indian isolates. Further, the sequence analysis did not indicate the presence of Taenia asiatica in the examined pigs and African/American lineages of T. solium. The results of the present study help to better understand the genetic diversity of T. solium in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siju Susan Jacob
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pinaki Prasad Sengupta
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atru Gnana Surya Chandu
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Samer Shamshad
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subramanium Sudhagar
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Palakurthi Ramesh
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
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Waema MW, Misinzo G, Kagira JM, Agola EL, Ngowi HA. DNA-Detection Based Diagnostics for Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Porcine. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:5706981. [PMID: 32395335 PMCID: PMC7199576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5706981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected and underestimated disease caused by metacestode stage of the tapeworm, Taenia solium (T. solium). Pigs are the intermediate hosts of T. solium while human are the only known definitive host. The disease has an economic consequence because the affected farmers lose 50-100 percent of the value of pigs if they are infected. Lack of affordable, easy to use, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic tools for detection of infections at the farm level hinders the control of porcine cysticercosis in endemic areas. A number of DNA based diagnostic assays for the detection of T. solium infections in pigs have been developed and evaluated but none is applicable at low-resource areas where this disease is an endemic. This review focuses mainly on DNA based diagnostic methods, their sensitivity, specificity, and utilization at low-resource areas. We summarized data from 65 studies on the current DNA-detection based diagnostic techniques for T. solium cysticercosis in porcine, published in English between the years 2000-2018, identified through PubMed search engine. Of the different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays developed for identification of T. solium, the most sensitive (97-100%) and specific (100%) one is nested PCR. One study utilized loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a diagnostic tool for the detection of T. solium infections though its field use was never determined. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been evaluated as a diagnostic tool for a variety of diseases, but has never been exploited for the diagnosis of cysticercosis/taeniasis. In conclusion, several molecular methods have been developed and evaluated in lab settings. However, there is need to validate these methods as a diagnostic tool to diagnose porcine cysticercosis in low-resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Waema
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3297, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3297, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John M. Kagira
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric L. Agola
- Centre of Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 3297, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Helena A. Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Song SM, Yun HS, VanBik D, Chang HH, Lee SA, Kim SW, Ryoo N, Eun DY, Lee NY, Goo YK, Hong Y, Ock M, Cha HJ, Chung DI. Ten Cases of Taenia saginata Infection Confirmed by Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 rDNA Region in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2019; 57:417-422. [PMID: 31533409 PMCID: PMC6753295 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From October 2015 to August 2018, tapeworm proglottids were obtained from 10 patients who were residents of Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces and had a history of raw beef consumption. Most of them had no overseas travel experience. The gravid proglottids obtained from the 10 cases had 15–20 lateral uterine branches. A part of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) DNA of the 10 cases, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digested with AleI restriction enzyme, produced the same band pattern of Taenia saginata, which differentiated from T. asiatica and T. solium. Sequences of ITS1 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) showed higher homology to T. saginata than to T. asiatica and T. solium. Collectively, these 10 cases were identified as T. saginata human infections. As taeniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases in humans, it is necessary to maintain hygienic conditions during livestock farming to avoid public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hae Soo Yun
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dorene VanBik
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Namhee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 41931, Korea
| | - Dong Yeub Eun
- Dr. Eun's Internal Medicine Clinic, Daegu 42688, Korea
| | - Nan Young Lee
- Sangju Red Cross Hospital, Department of laboratory Medicine, Daegu 37199, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Meesun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Flores MD, Gonzalez LM, Hurtado C, Motta YM, Domínguez-Hidalgo C, Merino FJ, Perteguer MJ, Gárate T. HDP2: a ribosomal DNA (NTS-ETS) sequence as a target for species-specific molecular diagnosis of intestinal taeniasis in humans. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:117. [PMID: 29486767 PMCID: PMC6389257 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taenia solium, T. asiatica and T. saginata tapeworms cause human taeniasis and are the origin of porcine and bovine cysticercosis. Furthermore, T. solium eggs can cause human cysticercosis, with neurocysticercosis being the most serious form of the disease. These helminth infections are neglected tropical diseases and are endemic in several countries in the Americas, Asia and Africa. As a result of globalization, migration in particular, the infections have been extending to non-endemic territories. Species-specific diagnosis of taeniasis is subject to drawbacks that could be resolved using molecular approaches. In the present study, conventional and real-time amplification protocols (cPCR and qPCR) based on the T. saginata HDP2 sequence were applied in the differential diagnosis of taeniasis (T. saginata, T. solium) in both fecal samples and proglottids expelled by patients. The HDP2 homolog in T. solium was cloned and characterized. Results Semi-nested cPCR and qPCR (Sn-HDP2 cPCR and Sn-HDP2 qPCR) amplified T. saginata and T. solium DNA, with an analytical sensitivity of 40 and 400 fg, respectively, and identically in both protocols. Eighteen taeniasis patients were diagnosed directly with T. saginata or T. solium, either from proglottids or fecal samples with/without eggs (detected using microscopy), based on the optimized Sn-HDP2 qPCR. After cloning, the T. solium HDP2 homolog sequence was confirmed to be a ribosomal sequence. The HDP2 fragment corresponded to a non-transcribed sequence/external transcribed repeat (NTS/ETS) of ribosomal DNA. Compared with the T. saginata HDP2 homolog, the T solium HDP2 sequence lacked the first 900 nt at the 5′ end and showed nucleotide substitutions and small deletions. Conclusions Sn-HDP2 cPCR and Sn-HDP2 qPCR were set up for the diagnosis of human taeniasis, using proglottids and fecal samples from affected patients. The new Sn-HDP2 qPCR protocol was the best option, as it directly differentiated T. saginata from T. solium. The diagnosis of an imported T. solium-taeniasis case and nine European T. saginata cases was relevant. Finally, the cloning and sequencing of the T. solium HDP2 fragment confirmed that HDP2 was part of a ribosomal unit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2646-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Flores
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Gonzalez
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hurtado
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668, Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yamileth Monje Motta
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Magdalena, 47004, Santa Marta D.T.C.H, Colombia
| | - Cristina Domínguez-Hidalgo
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María J Perteguer
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gárate
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Crtra, Majadahonda-Pozuelo, km 2.2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Amer S, ElKhatam A, Fukuda Y, Bakr LI, Zidan S, Elsify A, Mohamed MA, Tada C, Nakai Y. Prevalence and Identity of Taenia multiceps cysts "Coenurus cerebralis" in Sheep in Egypt. Acta Trop 2017; 176:270-276. [PMID: 28823911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage (Coenurus cerebralis) of the canids cestode Taenia multiceps. C. cerebralis particularly infects sheep and goats, and pose a public health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular identity of C. cerebralis infecting sheep in Egypt. Infection rate was determined by postmortem inspection of heads of the cases that showed neurological manifestations. Species identification and genetic diversity were analyzed based on PCR-sequence analysis of nuclear ITS1 and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND1) gene markers. Out of 3668 animals distributed in 50 herds at localities of Ashmoun and El Sadat cities, El Menoufia Province, Egypt, 420 (11.45%) sheep showed neurological disorders. Postmortem examination of these animals after slaughter at local abattoirs indicated to occurrence of C. cerebralis cysts in the brain of 111 out of 420 (26.4%), with overall infection rate 3.03% of the involved sheep population. Molecular analysis of representative samples of coenuri at ITS1 gene marker showed extensive intra- and inter-sequence diversity due to deletions/insertions in the microsatellite regions. On contrast to the nuclear gene marker, considerably low genetic diversity was seen in the analyzed mitochondrial gene markers. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI and ND1 gene sequences indicated that the generated sequences in the present study and the reference sequences in the database clustered in 4 haplogroups, with more or less similar topologies. Clustering pattern of the phylogenetic tree showed no effect for the geographic location or the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt; Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Ahmed ElKhatam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Lamia I Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, El Gharbya, Egypt
| | - Shereif Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Mohamed
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
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Navarrete-Perea J, Isasa M, Paulo JA, Corral-Corral R, Flores-Bautista J, Hernández-Téllez B, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Soberón X, Gygi SP, Laclette JP. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of Taenia solium cysts obtained from the skeletal muscle and central nervous system of pigs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005962. [PMID: 28945737 PMCID: PMC5634658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and porcine cysticercosis caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium, the larval stage (cysts) can infest several tissues including the central nervous system (CNS) and the skeletal muscles (SM). The cyst’s proteomics changes associated with the tissue localization in the host tissues have been poorly studied. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics has the power to evaluate global proteome changes in response to different conditions. Here, using a TMT-multiplexed strategy we identified and quantified over 4,200 proteins in cysts obtained from the SM and CNS of pigs, of which 891 were host proteins. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive intermixing of host and parasite proteins reported for tapeworm infections.Several antigens in cysticercosis, i.e., GP50, paramyosin and a calcium-binding protein were enriched in skeletal muscle cysts. Our results suggested the occurrence of tissue-enriched antigen that could be useful in the improvement of the immunodiagnosis for cysticercosis. Using several algorithms for epitope detection, we selected 42 highly antigenic proteins enriched for each tissue localization of the cysts. Taking into account the fold changes and the antigen/epitope contents, we selected 10 proteins and produced synthetic peptides from the best epitopes. Nine peptides were recognized by serum antibodies of cysticercotic pigs, suggesting that those peptides are antigens. Mixtures of peptides derived from SM and CNS cysts yielded better results than mixtures of peptides derived from a single tissue location, however the identification of the ‘optimal’ tissue-enriched antigens remains to be discovered. Through machine learning technologies, we determined that a reliable immunodiagnostic test for porcine cysticercosis required at least five different antigenic determinants. Human and porcine cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a parasite disease still endemic in developing countries. The cysts can be located in different host tissues, including different organs of the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles. The molecular mechanisms associated with the tissue localization of the cysts are not well understood. Here, we described the proteome changes of the cysts obtained from different host tissues from infected pigs using quantitative multiplex proteomics. We explored the diversity of host proteins identified in the cyst’s protein extracts and we also explored the immune-localization of several host-related proteins within the cysts, and propose their possible function. We identified several proteins and antigens enriched for a given tissue localization. Several synthetic peptides designed from these tissue-enriched antigens were tested trough ELISA. Using a combination of peptide mixtures and machine learning technologies we were able to distinguish non cysticercotic and cysticercotic pig’s sera. The tissue-enriched proteins/antigens could be useful for the development of improved immuno-diagnostic tests capable of discriminate the tissue-localization of the cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Navarrete-Perea
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marta Isasa
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Corral-Corral
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeanette Flores-Bautista
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Téllez
- Dept. of Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México.,Dept. of Biocatalysis and Cellular Engineering, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, México
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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8
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Singh SK, Prasad KN, Singh AK, Gupta KK, Chauhan RS, Singh A, Singh A, Rai RP, Pati BK. Identification of species and genetic variation in Taenia isolates from human and swine of North India. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3689-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Pajuelo MJ, Eguiluz M, Dahlstrom E, Requena D, Guzmán F, Ramirez M, Sheen P, Frace M, Sammons S, Cama V, Anzick S, Bruno D, Mahanty S, Wilkins P, Nash T, Gonzalez A, García HH, Gilman RH, Porcella S, Zimic M. Identification and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers Derived from the Whole Genome Analysis of Taenia solium. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004316. [PMID: 26697878 PMCID: PMC4689449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with Taenia solium are the most common cause of adult acquired seizures worldwide, and are the leading cause of epilepsy in developing countries. A better understanding of the genetic diversity of T. solium will improve parasite diagnostics and transmission pathways in endemic areas thereby facilitating the design of future control measures and interventions. Microsatellite markers are useful genome features, which enable strain typing and identification in complex pathogen genomes. Here we describe microsatellite identification and characterization in T. solium, providing information that will assist in global efforts to control this important pathogen. Methods For genome sequencing, T. solium cysts and proglottids were collected from Huancayo and Puno in Peru, respectively. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) and de novo assembly, we assembled two draft genomes and one hybrid genome. Microsatellite sequences were identified and 36 of them were selected for further analysis. Twenty T. solium isolates were collected from Tumbes in the northern region, and twenty from Puno in the southern region of Peru. The size-polymorphism of the selected microsatellites was determined with multi-capillary electrophoresis. We analyzed the association between microsatellite polymorphism and the geographic origin of the samples. Results The predicted size of the hybrid (proglottid genome combined with cyst genome) T. solium genome was 111 MB with a GC content of 42.54%. A total of 7,979 contigs (>1,000 nt) were obtained. We identified 9,129 microsatellites in the Puno-proglottid genome and 9,936 in the Huancayo-cyst genome, with 5 or more repeats, ranging from mono- to hexa-nucleotide. Seven microsatellites were polymorphic and 29 were monomorphic within the analyzed isolates. T. solium tapeworms were classified into two genetic groups that correlated with the North/South geographic origin of the parasites. Conclusions/Significance The availability of draft genomes for T. solium represents a significant step towards the understanding the biology of the parasite. We report here a set of T. solium polymorphic microsatellite markers that appear promising for genetic epidemiology studies. Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, is an important pathogen as it is a major cause of acquired epilepsy in developing countries. The parasite was eliminated from most developed countries decades ago due to improvement in sanitary conditions but it remains a common infection across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Identification of genetic variants within T. solium will enable to study the genetic epidemiology, distribution and movement of this parasite within endemic communities, which will ultimately facilitate the design of control strategies to reduce the health and economic burden of disease. Microsatellites have been used in other parasites to identify genetic variants. In this study, we partially sequenced the genome of T. solium and identified microsatellites widely distributed in the genome using bioinformatics tools. We evaluated the distribution of these microsatellites collected from 20 tapeworms from the north and 20 tapeworms from the south of Peru. We identified seven polymorphic microsatellites, and evaluated their capacity to differentiate genetic variants of T. solium. Interestingly, tapeworms from the North and South of Peru showed different genotypes, suggesting its use as a potential marker to differentiate geographic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica J. Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - María Eguiluz
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Eric Dahlstrom
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - David Requena
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael Frace
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Sammons
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vitaliano Cama
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Anzick
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Dan Bruno
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Siddhartha Mahanty
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Patricia Wilkins
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Theodore Nash
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Armando Gonzalez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Héctor H. García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima Peru
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas. Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steve Porcella
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Biologia Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
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Jabbar A, Gasser RB. Mutation scanning analysis of genetic variation within and among Echinococcus species: implications and future prospects. Electrophoresis 2014; 34:1852-62. [PMID: 23977679 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae) occur in the small intestines of carnivorous definitive hosts and are transmitted to particular intermediate mammalian hosts, in which they develop as fluid-filled larvae (cysts) in internal organs (usually lung and liver), causing the disease echinococcosis. Echinococcus species are of major medical importance and also cause losses to the meat and livestock industries, mainly due to the condemnation of infected offal. Decisions regarding the treatment and control of echinococcosis rely on the accurate identification of species and population variants (strains). Conventional, phenetic methods for specific identification have some significant limitations. Despite advances in the development of molecular tools, there has been limited application of mutation scanning methods to species of Echinococcus. Here, we briefly review key genetic markers used for the identification of Echinococcus species and techniques for the analysis of genetic variation within and among populations, and the diagnosis of echinococcosis. We also discuss the benefits of utilizing mutation scanning approaches to elucidate the population genetics and epidemiology of Echinococcus species. These benefits are likely to become more evident following the complete characterization of the genomes of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Genetic similarity between Taenia solium cysticerci collected from the two distant endemic areas in North and North East India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 21:436-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ostoa-Saloma P, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Larralde C. Immunological variation in Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis: Measurement on the variation of the antibody immune response of naturally infected pigs against antigens extracted from their own cysticerci and from those of different pigs. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Genetic Variation and Population Genetics of Taenia saginata in North and Northeast Thailand in relation to Taenia asiatica. J Parasitol Res 2013; 2013:310605. [PMID: 23864933 PMCID: PMC3707265 DOI: 10.1155/2013/310605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia saginata is the most common human Taenia in Thailand. By cox1 sequences, 73 isolates from four localities in north and northeast were differentiated into 14 haplotypes, 11 variation sites and haplotype diversity of 0.683. Among 14 haplotypes, haplotype A was the major (52.1%), followed by haplotype B (21.9%). Clustering diagram of Thai and GenBank sequences indicated mixed phylogeny among localities. By MJ analysis, haplotype clustering relationships showed paired-stars-like network, having two main cores surrounded by minor haplotypes. Tajima's D values were significantly negative in T. saginata world population, suggesting population expansion. Significant Fu's Fs values in Thai, as well as world population, also indicate that population is expanding and may be hitchhiking as part of selective sweep. Haplotype B and its dispersion were only found in populations from Thailand. Haplotype B may evolve and ultimately become an ancestor of future populations in Thailand. Haplotype A seems to be dispersion haplotype, not just in Thailand, but worldwide. High genetic T. saginata intraspecies divergence was found, in contrast to its sister species, T. asiatica; among 30 samples from seven countries, its haplotype diversity was 0.067, while only 2 haplotypes were revealed. This extremely low intraspecific variation suggests that T. asiatica could be an endangered species.
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Sequence structure and intragenomic variability of ribosomal ITS2 in monozoic tapeworms of the genus Khawia (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1621-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Brabec J, Scholz T, Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsová E, Olson PD. Substitution saturation and nuclear paralogs of commonly employed phylogenetic markers in the Caryophyllidea, an unusual group of non-segmented tapeworms (Platyhelminthes). Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:259-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Michelet L, Dauga C. Molecular evidence of host influences on the evolution and spread of human tapeworms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 87:731-41. [PMID: 22321512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is included in the list of neglected zoonotic diseases by the World Health Organization due to its significant impact on public health in tropical areas. Cysticercosis is still endemic in many regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Long absent in Europe and in other developed countries, cysticercosis has recently re-emerged in the United States and Canada, due to immigration, travel and local transmission. This has encouraged the use of molecular data to understand better the influence of animal and human hosts on the emergence and spread of Taenia species. The increasing number of mitochondrial sequences now available from human tapeworms and recent advances in computational tools has enabled reconstruction of the biogeography and evolutionary history of these organisms. New molecular data have provided insights into the biogeography of T. solium, T. asiatica and T. saginata. A Bayesian statistical framework using variable evolutionary rates from lineage to lineage has allowed an improved timescale analysis of human tapeworms. The dates of divergence obtained were compared to the timing of evolutionary events in the history of their hosts, based on the hypothesis that Taenia spp. and their hosts share a common history. Herein, we review changes in the definitive and secondary hosts and human interactions that underlie the differentiation and evolution of tapeworms. Species diversification of Taenia seems to be closely linked with the evolution of intermediate hosts in response to climatic events during the Pleistocene. Different genotypes of T. solium emerged when European and Asian wild boar Sus spp. populations diverged. Taenia saginata emerged when wild cattle Bos primigenius evolved and when zebu Bos indicus and taurine Bos taurus ancestors separated. Humans through migrations and later with the development of farming and animal husbandry may have had a significant impact on the spread and diversification of tapeworms. Migrations of Homo erectus from Africa to Asia and later of Homo sapiens facilitated the diversification and dispersal of T. solium and T. saginata populations. The development of animal husbandry, making Sus scrofa and Bos taurus preferential intermediate hosts, led to the worldwide distribution of parasites. New molecular data combined with an innovative dating method allow us to explain the ways in which ancient human migrations promoted the emergence and spread of taeniasis and cysticercosis around the world. Another intriguing phenomenon explained better by our approach is the influence of human settlement on the spread of these parasites in recently inhabited areas. The diverse nature of T. solium currently observed in Madagascar may correspond to multiple imports of the parasite during Austronesian migrations, while in Mexico a recent influence of humans during the colonial period is more likely. Human activities, especially food preparation and husbandry methods, remain responsible for the transmission and persistence of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Michelet
- EA3174 NETEC Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée, Faculté de Médécine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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Advances in the study of helminth mitochondrial genomes and their associated applications. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis: ways to focus on the challenge. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:516042. [PMID: 22131808 PMCID: PMC3205906 DOI: 10.1155/2011/516042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a disease of the central nervous system that is considered a public health problem in endemic areas. The definitive diagnosis of this disease is made using a combination of tools that include imaging of the brain and immunodiagnostic tests, but the facilities for performing them are usually not available in endemic areas. The immunodiagnosis of NCC is a useful tool that can provide important information on whether a patient is infected or not, but it presents many drawbacks as not all infected patients can be detected. These tests rely on purified or semipurified antigens that are sometimes difficult to prepare. Recent efforts have focused on the production of recombinant or synthetic antigens for the immunodiagnosis of NCC and interesting studies propose the use of new elements as nanobodies for diagnostic purposes. However, an immunodiagnostic test that can be considered as "gold standard" has not been developed so far. The complex nature of cysticercotic disease and the simplicity of common immunological assumptions involved explain the low scores and reproducibility of immunotests in the diagnosis of NCC. Here, the most important efforts for developing an immunodiagnostic test of NCC are listed and discussed. A more punctilious strategy based on the design of panels of confirmed positive and negative samples, the use of blind tests, and a worldwide effort is proposed in order to develop an immunodiagnostic test that can provide comparable results. The identification of a set of specific and representative antigens of T. solium and a thorough compilation of the many forms of antibody response of humans to the many forms of T. solium disease are also stressed as necessary.
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Esquivel-Velázquez M, Larralde C, Morales J, Ostoa-Saloma P. Protein and antigen diversity in the vesicular fluid of Taenia solium cysticerci dissected from naturally infected pigs. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1287-97. [PMID: 22110381 PMCID: PMC3221365 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a health threat for humans and pigs living in developing countries, for which there is neither a flawless immunodiagnostic test nor a totally effective vaccine. Suspecting of individual diversity of hosts and parasites as possible sources of the variations of the parasite loads among cysticercotic animals and of the limited success of such immunological applications as well as, we explored and measured both in nine cases of naturally acquired porcine cysticercosis. For this purpose, 2-Dimensional IgG immunoblots were performed by reacting the sera of each cysticercotic pig with the antigens contained in the vesicular fluid (VF) of their own cysticerci. We found an unexpectedly large diversity among the proteins and antigens contained in each of the nine VFs. Also diverse were the serum IgG antibody responses of the nine pigs, as none of their 2D- immunoblot images exhibited the same number of spots and resembled each other in only 6.3% to 65.3% of their features. So large an individual immunological diversity of the cysticercal antigens and of the infected pigs´ IgG antibody response should be taken into account in the design of immunological tools for diagnosis and prevention of cysticercosis and should also be considered as a possibly significant source of diversity in Taenia solium´s infectiveness and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70228, México D.F 04510, México
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Molecular characterization of Atractolytocestus sagittatus (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), monozoic parasite of common carp, and its differentiation from the invasive species Atractolytocestus huronensis. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1621-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Orosová M, Ivica KH, Eva B, Marta Š. Karyotype, chromosomal characteristics of multiple rDNA clusters and intragenomic variability of ribosomal ITS2 in Caryophyllaeides fennica (Cestoda). Parasitol Int 2010; 59:351-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nakao M, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Knapp J, Nkouawa A, Sako Y, Ito A. State-of-the-art Echinococcus and Taenia: Phylogenetic taxonomy of human-pathogenic tapeworms and its application to molecular diagnosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:444-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Deckers N, Dorny P. Immunodiagnosis of Taenia solium taeniosis/cysticercosis. Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Intra-individual internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 ribosomal sequence variation linked with multiple rDNA loci: A case of triploid Atractolytocestus huronensis, the monozoic cestode of common carp. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martinez-Hernandez F, Jimenez-Gonzalez DE, Chenillo P, Alonso-Fernandez C, Maravilla P, Flisser A. Geographical widespread of two lineages of Taenia solium due to human migrations: Can population genetic analysis strengthen this hypothesis? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genetic similarity between cysticerci of Taenia solium isolated from human brain and from pigs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:653-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sciutto E, Chavarria A, Fragoso G, Fleury A, Larralde C. The immune response in Taenia solium cysticercosis: protection and injury. Parasite Immunol 2008; 29:621-36. [PMID: 18042169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews current knowledge on the innate and acquired immune responses in human Taenia solium neurocysticercosis, highlighting the conditions that appear to be favourable for the survival or destruction of the parasite and for the benefit or injury to its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México DF, Mexico.
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Haag KL, Gottstein B, Ayala FJ. Taeniid history, natural selection and antigenic diversity: evolutionary theory meets helminthology. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:96-102. [PMID: 18182327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Large sets of nucleotide sequence data of parasitic helminths have been accumulated in the past two decades. Our ability to improve the health of people and animals using this knowledge has not increased proportionally, however. Evolutionary biology provides the background to understand how parasites adapt to their hosts, and computational molecular biology offers the tools to infer the mechanisms involved. The study of antigenic diversity, a way for parasites to overcome host defenses against parasites, has been neglected in helminths, yet such a study could contribute to the development of more efficient drugs, diagnostic tests and vaccines. This review focuses on the study of adaptive evolution as the cause of antigenic diversity in tapeworms and its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Haag
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is a major zoonotic larval cestode infection that has a worldwide distribution and is of significant public health importance. Knowledge of the genetic structure of Taenia solium can be applied to the epidemiology and transmission of this disease, since genetic variants may differ in infectivity and pathogenicity. Molecular epidemiological approaches can also enable detailed studies of transmission. On a global scale, mitochondrial markers have differentiated between T. solium isolates from Asia and isolates from Africa/Latin America. Intraspecific variation in T. solium has been detected to some extent, using RAPD markers to differentiate between T. solium populations from different regions within Mexico. Markers currently available for T. solium have not been used to analyse genetic variation at the community or local level. The development of highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites in T. solium can provide the means to examine genetic heterogeneity of tapeworm infection at the household, community and regional level. Preliminary studies suggest it is possible to analyse population genetic variation in communities using a range of polymorphic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Campbell
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Bioscience Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, Salford University, UK.
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Köhsler M, Leitner B, Blaschitz M, Michel R, Aspöck H, Walochnik J. ITS1 sequence variabilities correlate with 18S rDNA sequence types in the genus Acanthamoeba (Protozoa: Amoebozoa). Parasitol Res 2005; 98:86-93. [PMID: 16261355 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The subgenus classification of the ubiquitously spread and potentially pathogenic acanthamoebae still poses a great challenge. Fifteen 18S rDNA sequence types (T1-T15) have been established, but the vast majority of isolates fall into sequence type T4, and so far, there is no means to reliably differentiate within T4. In this study, the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), a more variable region than the 18S rRNA gene, was sequenced, and the sequences of 15 different Acanthamoeba isolates were compared to reveal if ITS1 sequence variability correlates with 18S rDNA sequence typing and if the ITS1 sequencing allows a differentiation within T4. It was shown that the variability in ITS1 is tenfold higher than in the 18S rDNA, and that ITS1 clusters correlate with the 18S rDNA clusters and thus corroborate the Acanthamoeba sequence type system. Moreover, high sequence dissimilarities and distinctive microsatellite patterns could enable a more detailed differentiation within T4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Köhsler
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria
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Maravilla P, Souza V, Valera A, Romero-Valdovinos M, Lopez-Vidal Y, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Ambrosio J, Kawa S, Flisser A. Detection of Genetic Variation in Taenia solium. J Parasitol 2003; 89:1250-4. [PMID: 14740922 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2786rn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variability among Taenia solium isolates was studied in 160 cysticerci from 6 pigs, 4 from Mexico, 1 from Honduras, and 1 from Tanzania. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis performed with 4 commercial primers showed 88% polymorphic loci and an average heterozygosity of 0.077; however, several alleles were fixed within each isolate. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that 3 of the 6 isolates had a random association of alleles, whereas the other 3 had a clonal structure. These results suggest the existence of local lineages in T. solium, with events of genetic recombination within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Maravilla
- Direccion de Investigacion, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, SSA, 11400 Mexico, DF, Mexico
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32
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Vega R, Piñero D, Ramanankandrasana B, Dumas M, Bouteille B, Fleury A, Sciutto E, Larralde C, Fragoso G. Population genetic structure of Taenia solium from Madagascar and Mexico: implications for clinical profile diversity and immunological technology. Int J Parasitol 2003; 33:1479-85. [PMID: 14572511 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium is a cestode parasitic of humans and pigs that strongly impacts on public health in developing countries. Its larvae (cysticercus) lodge in the brain, causing neurocysticercosis, and in other tissues, like skeletal muscle and subcutaneous space, causing extraneuronal cysticercosis. Prevalences of these two clinical manifestations vary greatly among continents. Also, neurocysticercosis may be clinically heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severely incapacitating and even fatal presentation. Further, vaccine design and diagnosis technology have met with difficulties in sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. Parasite diversity underlying clinical heterogeneity and technological difficulties is little explored. Here, T. solium genetic population structure and diversity was studied by way of random amplified polymorphic DNA in individual cysticerci collected from pigs in Madagascar and two regions in Mexico. The amplification profiles of T. solium were also compared with those of the murine cysticercus Taenia crassiceps (ORF strain). We show significant genetic differentiation between Madagascar and Mexico and between regions in Mexico, but less so between cysticerci from different localities in Mexico and none between cysticerci from different tissues from the same pig. We also found restricted genetic variability within populations and gene flow was estimated to be low between populations. Thus, genetic differentiation of T. solium suggests that different evolutionary paths have been taken and provides support for its involvement in the differential tissue distribution of cysticerci and varying degrees of severity of the disease. It may also explain difficulties in the development of vaccines and tools for immunodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, México.
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33
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Li J, Liao X. THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF DIGRAMMA (PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA: LIGULIDAE) INFERRED FROM DNA SEQUENCES. J Parasitol 2003; 89:792-9. [PMID: 14533692 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional classification of the ligulid tapeworms into 2 genera, Ligula Bloch, 1782 and Digramma Cholodkovsky, 1914, remains controversial. Molecular data of sequences for the 5' end of the nuclear 28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, as well as the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the nuclear ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), were used to characterize Digramma and to investigate its relationship with Ligula. Digramma spp. exhibited identical sequences with Ligula intestinalis both in the 28S rRNA and the COI gene and differed from L. intestinalis by 0.7% in the ITS1 region and 7.4% in the ND1 gene, respectively. A high degree of genetic conservation within 28S ribosomal DNA, COI, ITS1, and even ND1 genes, was found in Ligula and Digramma. The low genetic divergence in the 4 genes between Ligula and Digramma indicates that Digramma is probably not an independent genus. Therefore, it is proposed that Ligula and Digramma should be considered as 2 species within the genus Ligula and the tapeworms of Digramma collected from diverse localities in China belong to the same species. The present study also suggests that ITS1 and ND1 sequences can act as useful genetic markers to distinguish Ligula and Digramma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Ichthyology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Ito A, Yamasaki H, Nakao M, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Sato MO, Nakaya K, Margono SS, Ikejima T, Kassuku AA, Afonso SMS, Ortiz WB, Plancarte A, Zoli A, Geerts S, Craig PS. Multiple genotypes of Taenia solium--ramifications for diagnosis, treatment and control. Acta Trop 2003; 87:95-101. [PMID: 12781383 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Taenia solium have fully been analyzed. Analysis of the full length of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (1620 bp) and cytochrome b (1068 bp) genes of T. solium, isolated from Asia (China, Thailand, Indonesia and India), from Latin America (Mexico, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil) and from Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique and Cameroon), has revealed that the two phylogenies obtained were similar to each other regardless of the genes examined. The isolates from Asia formed a single cluster, whereas those from Latin America combined with those from Africa to form an additional cluster. It was estimated that these two genotypes emerged approximately 4-8 x 10(5) years ago. These results together with recent study of the ancient of human taeniid cestodes emerged several MYA in Africa, historical data on swine domestication, distribution of pigs and colonization patterns suggest that T. solium was introduced recently into Latin America and Africa from different regions of Europe during the colonial age, which started 500 years ago, and that T. solium of another origin independently spread in Asian countries, perhaps from China. Why did not T. solium of European origin invade or spread into Asia during the colonial age? Analysis of T. solium distribution must include other Taenia species, especially T. saginata and T. asiatica, which can not be differentiated from each other morphologically. BESS T-base analysis for differentiation of all human Taenia species including the two genotypes of T. solium, and T. saginata and T. asiatica has also been characterized. BESS T-base analysis differentiates African isolates from Latin American isolates as well but more samples should be analyzed for obtaining conclusive evidence for the latter. Serological analysis of cyst fluid of T. solium cysticerci obtained in China and Indonesia and from Mozambique and Ecuador indicates geographical differences in their banding patterns. These differences are discussed in the light of possible differences in pathology of T. solium worldwide. As it has been speculated that the ancient T. solium emerged several million years ago in Africa, it is necessary to analyze more isolates from Africa. Such working hypothesis may be evaluated combined with symptomatology and serology when we get additional DNA data from such areas, since there are some varieties of manifestation of neurocysticercosis with or without subcutaneous cysticercosis and of antigens of cyst fluid of T. solium from Asia and from Africa and/or America. Transfer of techniques of molecular identification and sero- and immuno-diagnoses between researchers and technicians from endemic countries using their own materials should be promoted with the aim of better international cooperation for the control of cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
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