1
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Syrkina MS, Rubtsov MA. MUC1 in Cancer Immunotherapy - New Hope or Phantom Menace? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:773-781. [PMID: 31509728 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919070083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the functioning of MUC1 (human mucin) has advanced significantly over 40 years of its investigation. The anti-adhesive properties of the extracellular domain, which were the main focus of early studies initially explaining overexpression of MUC1 in progressing oncological diseases, were gradually put on the back burner. Researchers became more interested in its regulatory and signaling functions in cells rather in its anti-adhesive properties. The found the ability of MUC1 for signal transduction, and its ability to participate in cell metabolism opened new possibilities for improved control over cancer cells in addition to just attracting antigens of the immune system to a target. Nevertheless, there are issues in the functioning of MUC1 that raise doubts about its effectiveness in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Syrkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherches en Oncologie, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M A Rubtsov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherches en Oncologie, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
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2
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Kume A, Kawai S, Kato R, Iwata S, Shimizu K, Honda H. Exploring high-affinity binding properties of octamer peptides by principal component analysis of tetramer peptides. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:230-238. [PMID: 27618533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the binding properties of a peptide sequence, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) of the physicochemical features of a tetramer peptide library comprised of 512 peptides, and the variables were reduced to two principal components. We selected IL-2 and IgG as model proteins and the binding affinity to these proteins was assayed using the 512 peptides mentioned above. PCA of binding affinity data showed that 16 and 18 variables were suitable for localizing IL-2 and IgG high-affinity binding peptides, respectively, into a restricted region of the PCA plot. We then investigated whether the binding affinity of octamer peptide libraries could be predicted using the identified region in the tetramer PCA. The results show that octamer high-affinity binding peptides were also concentrated in the tetramer high-affinity binding region of both IL-2 and IgG. The average fluorescence intensity of high-affinity binding peptides was 3.3- and 2.1-fold higher than that of low-affinity binding peptides for IL-2 and IgG, respectively. We conclude that PCA may be used to identify octamer peptides with high- or low-affinity binding properties from data from a tetramer peptide library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kume
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shun Kawai
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinmei Iwata
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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3
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The hidden potential of small synthetic molecules and peptides as affinity ligands for bioseparations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.13.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Menegatti S, Ward KL, Naik AD, Kish WS, Blackburn RK, Carbonell RG. Reversible cyclic peptide libraries for the discovery of affinity ligands. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9229-37. [PMID: 24000940 DOI: 10.1021/ac401954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy is presented for the identification of cyclic peptide ligands from combinatorial libraries of reversible cyclic depsipeptides. A method for the solid-phase synthesis of individual cyclic depsipeptides and combinatorial libraries of these compounds is proposed, which employs lactic acid (Lact) and the dipeptide ester (Nα-Ac)-Ser(Ala)- as linkers for dilactonization. Upon alkaline treatment of the beads selected by screening a model library, the cyclic depsipeptides are linearized and released from the solid support to the liquid phase, to be sequenced via single-step tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The protocol presented for library synthesis provides for wide structural diversity. Two model sequences, VVWVVK and AAWAAR, were chosen to present different structural examples for depsipeptide libraries and demonstrate the process of sequence determination by mass spectrometry. Further, a case study using the IgG binding cyclic depsipeptide cyclo[(Nα-Ac)-S(A)-RWHYFK-Lact-E] is presented to demonstrate the process of library screening and sequence determination on the selected beads. Finally, a method is shown for synthesis of the irreversible cyclic peptide corresponding to the proposed depsipeptide structure, to make the ligand stable to the aqueous acid and alkaline conditions encountered in affinity chromatographic applications. The cyclic peptide ligand was synthesized on a poly(methacrylate) resin and used for chromatographic binding of the target IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, and §Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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5
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Mersich C, Billes W, Jungbauer A. Identification of a ligand for IgG-Fc derived from a soluble peptide library based on fusion proteins secreted byS. cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2007; 2:672-7. [PMID: 17492714 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological libraries are important tools in the development of new peptide-based compounds. Here, we describe the use of a soluble peptide library system as a complementary tool in the field of ligand development. Random peptides were expressed in S. cerevisiae as carboxy-terminal extensions of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eIF5a) and secreted into the culture supernatant. Expression and screening of this library were performed in a microwell format. As an example of this versatile approach, we describe the identification of a ligand for the human IgG-Fc fragment. Ligands binding IgG-Fc show great potential in a wide variety of applications including development of therapeutics, streamlining the large-scale purification of antibodies, and applications in diagnostic tests. We demonstrated the utility of this system. After screening only 6160 clones, we identified a ligand with the peptide sequence of TRRRTCSPPTWPRARARSTPSGCSSTGPSANRG. An affinity constant of 3.9 x 10(5) M(-1) was determined by a biosensor method. Handling and maintenance of this library is conceptually simple and highly applicable for automated high-throughput systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Mersich
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Jacobsen B, Gårdsvoll H, Juhl Funch G, Ostergaard S, Barkholt V, Ploug M. One-step affinity purification of recombinant urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor using a synthetic peptide developed by combinatorial chemistry. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 52:286-96. [PMID: 17027282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have pointed to a role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a modulator of certain biochemical processes that are active during tumor invasion and metastasis. Consequently, the structure and function of this receptor have been studied extensively, using recombinantly produced uPAR that has been purified by either affinity chromatography using its cognate ligand, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), or a monoclonal anti-uPAR antibody (R2), or by hydroxyapatite. Here, we present a new method for the efficient one-step affinity purification of recombinant uPAR exploiting a high-affinity synthetic peptide antagonist (AE152). The corresponding parent peptide was originally identified in a random phage-display library and subsequently subjected to affinity maturation by combinatorial chemistry. This study compares the affinity purification of a soluble, recombinant uPAR using the monoclonal antibody R2 or the peptide AE152 immobilized on Sepharose. The two affinity ligands perform equally well in purifying uPAR from Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 cell culture medium and yield products of comparable purity, activity, and stability as judged by SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analysis. The general availability of peptide synthesis renders the present AE152-based affinity purification of uPAR more accessible than the traditional protein-based affinity purification strategies. In this way, large amounts of recombinant uPAR can conveniently be purified for further structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikte Jacobsen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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7
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Bellofiore P, Petronzelli F, De Martino T, Minenkova O, Bombardi V, Anastasi AM, Lindstedt R, Felici F, De Santis R, Verdoliva A. Identification and refinement of a peptide affinity ligand with unique specificity for a monoclonal anti-tenascin-C antibody by screening of a phage display library. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1107:182-91. [PMID: 16414054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using phage display technology, a 22-mer peptide was selected as a ligand with unique specificity for the murine monoclonal ST2146 antibody that recognizes the EGF repeats region of the human tumor-associated antigen tenascin-C. This peptide, synthesized in an 8-branched form to enhance its binding properties, is useful in replacing the native antigen in the affinity and immunoreactivity characterization of the ST2146 antibody and its biotinylated derivatives. Affinity resins, prepared by immobilizing the mimotope or its shorter 10-mer binding unit on a chromatographic support, were able to capture ST2146 directly from the hybridoma supernatant, with antibody recovery and host cell protein (HCP) reduction similar to or better than protein A sorbent, a purity degree exceeding 95%, and full recovery of antibody activity. The affinity constants of both peptides, as determined by frontal analysis of broad-zone elution affinity chromatography and BiaCore measurements, were very similar and included in a range suitable for affinity ligands. Column capacity, determined by applying a large excess of purified ST2146 to 1 mL of column bed volume, was close to 50 mg/mL for both resins. These matrices retain their ST2146 binding properties after various treatments, including sanitization, thus indicating very high stability in terms of ligand leakage and degradation. Moreover, the short form shows higher enzymatic stability, thus proving more suitable as ligand for ST2146 affinity purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Bellofiore
- Tecnogen S.C.p.A., Località La Fagianeria, 81015 Piana di Monte Verna, Italy
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8
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Clonis YD. Affinity chromatography matures as bioinformatic and combinatorial tools develop. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1101:1-24. [PMID: 16242704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography has the reputation of a more expensive and less robust than other types of liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the technique is considered to stand a modest chance of large-scale purification of proteinaceous pharmaceuticals. This perception is changing because of the pressure for quality protein therapeutics, and the realization that higher returns can be expected when ensuring fewer purification steps and increased product recovery. These developments necessitated a rethinking of the protein purification processes and restored the interest for affinity chromatography. This liquid chromatography technique is designed to offer high specificity, being able to safely guide protein manufactures to successfully cope with the aforementioned challenges. Affinity ligands are distinguished into synthetic and biological. These can be generated by rational design or selected from ligand libraries. Synthetic ligands are generated by three methods. The rational method features the functional approach and the structural template approach. The combinatorial method relies on the selection of ligands from a library of synthetic ligands synthesized randomly. The combined method employs both methods, that is, the ligand is selected from an intentionally biased library based on a rationally designed ligand. Biological ligands are selected by employing high-throughput biological techniques, e.g. phage- and ribosome-display for peptide and microprotein ligands, in addition to SELEX for oligonucleotide ligands. Synthetic mimodyes and chimaeric dye-ligands are usually designed by rational approaches and comprise a chloro-triazinlyl scaffold. The latter substituted with various amino acids, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic groups, generates libraries from which synthetic ligands can be selected. A 'lead' compound may help to generating a 'focused' or 'biased' library. This can be designed by various approaches, e.g.: (i) using a natural ligand-protein complex as a template; (ii) applying the principle of complementarity to exposed residues of the protein structure; and (iii) mimicking directly a natural biological recognition interaction. Affinity ligands, based on the peptide structure, can be peptides, peptide-mimetic derivatives (<30 monomers) and microproteins (e.g. 25-200 monomers). Microprotein ligands are selected from biological libraries constructed of variegated protein domains, e.g. minibody, Kunitz, tendamist, cellulose-binding domain, scFv, Cytb562, zinc-finger, SpA-analogue (Z-domain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis D Clonis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
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9
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Imbert-Laurenceau E, Berger MC, Pavon-Djavid G, Jouan A, Migonney V. Surface modification of polystyrene particles for specific antibody adsorption. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Wang G, De J, Schoeniger JS, Roe DC, Carbonell RG. A hexamer peptide ligand that binds selectively to staphylococcal enterotoxin B: isolation from a solid phase combinatorial library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 64:51-64. [PMID: 15251031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
By screening a solid-phase combinatorial peptide library, a short peptide ligand, YYWLHH, has been discovered that binds with high affinity and selectivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), but only weakly to other SEs that share sequence and structural homology with SEB. Using column affinity chromatography with an immobilized YYWLHH stationary phase, it was possible to separate SEB quantitatively from Staphylococcus aureus fermentation broth, a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and other biomolecules. The immobilized peptide was also used to purify native SEB from a mixture containing denatured and hydrolyzed SEB, and showed little cross-reactivity with other SEs. To our knowledge this is the first report of a highly specific short peptide ligand for SEB. Such a ligand is a potential candidate to replace antibodies for detection, removal and purification strategies for SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 1017 Main Campus Drive, Centennial Campus, Partner's Building I, Suite 3200, Box 7006, Raleigh, NC 27695-7006, USA
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11
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Jensen LB, Riise E, Nielsen LK, Dziegiel M, Fugger L, Engberg J. Efficient purification of unique antibodies using peptide affinity-matrix columns. J Immunol Methods 2004; 284:45-54. [PMID: 14736416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phage display technology was used to identify peptide ligands with unique specificity for a monoclonal model antibody, MK16, that recognises the human multiple sclerosis associated MHC class II molecule DR2 in complex with a myelin basic protein (MBP)-derived peptide corresponding to residue 85-99. Several peptide epitopes were identified and all of them recognised specifically MK16. One peptide, ER6.1, was selected and linked to beaded agarose and demonstrated excellent performance as a peptide affinity chromatography matrix. This epitope matrix was efficient in the purification of MK16 Fab fragments and had no affinity for other antibodies. Using this peptide matrix MK16 IgG could be purified from cell culture supernatants thereby separating MK16 IgG from bovine IgG normally present in the enriched growth media used for such cells. Investigations of the fine specificity of the ER6.1 peptide demonstrated that it recognised a unique epitope within the heavy chain CDR3 region of the MK16 antibody. Thus, variants of MK16 antibody, which had retained the specificity and affinity of the original antibody but had slightly different amino acid composition in the CDR3 region, were not recognised by the ER6.1 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Brix Jensen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jagtvej 160, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Antibody Fragments. Antibodies (Basel) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8875-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Poschalko A, Rohr T, Gruber H, Bianco A, Guichard G, Briand JP, Weber V, Falkenhagen D. SUBPOL: A Novel Sucrose-Based Polymer Support for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis and Affinity Chromatography Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13415-26. [PMID: 14583037 DOI: 10.1021/ja035874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel SUcrose-Based Polymer support (SUBPOL) with tailored morphology suitable for the use in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is described, and its application as a hydrophilic affinity matrix for the specific removal of fibrinogen from human plasma is demonstrated. After suspension polymerization of partly methacrylated 2,1':4,6-di-O-isopropylidene sucrose and subsequent removal of the protecting groups, hydrophilic spherical polymer beads were obtained. The morphology of the resulting resin was controlled by variation of the porogen as well as the average degree of substitution with respect to the methacryloyl groups of the monomer mixture. After introduction of amino groups for a permanent attachment of immobilized peptide ligands, prevention of unintended esterification during SPPS was achieved by silylation of remaining hydroxy groups. Alternatively, a Rink amide linker was introduced prior to SPPS to allow cleavage and subsequent analysis of the peptide assembled on the SUBPOL resins. Two hexapeptides of sequence kwiivw and hffflw, consisting of d-amino acids, as well as a 19-mer peptide corresponding to the sequence GSGVRGDFGSLAPRVARQL of the VP1 protein from the foot-and-mouse disease virus (FMDV) were successfully prepared both manually or in a semi-automated process on SUBPOL resins according to the Fmoc/tBu strategy. Yields and purities were comparable to peptides prepared on commercially available polystyrene resins. A specific affinity adsorbent containing the fibrinogen-binding pentapeptide GPRPK was prepared by SPPS on SUBPOL resins of different morphology, and the strong impact of the affinity matrix on adsorption performance was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poschalko
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Smith RG, Missailidis S, Price MR. Purification of anti-MUC1 antibodies by peptide mimotope affinity chromatography using peptides derived from a polyvalent phage display library. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 766:13-26. [PMID: 11820288 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A polyvalent, lytic phage display system (T7Select415-1b) displaying a random peptide library has been investigated for its ability to discover novel mimotopes reactive with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody C595. Sequence analysis of enriched phage lead to the identification of a predominant sequence RNREAPRGKICS, and two other consensus sequences RXXP and RXP. The novel synthetic peptide RNREAPRGKICS was linked to beaded agarose and the performance as a mimotope affinity chromatography matrix evaluated. Antibody purified using the novel matrix was found to be of higher specific reactivity than antibody purified using the conventional epitope matrix (peptide APDTRPAPG). The RNREAPRGKICS peptide binding to C595 demonstrated a higher equilibrium association constant (K(A)=0.75 x 10(6)) than the epitope peptide (K(A)=0.16 x 10(6)). Circular dichroism showed that the novel peptide had a more highly ordered structure at 4 degrees C and room temperature, than the epitope peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Smith
- University of Nottingham, Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UK.
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16
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Gamboa A, Paéz-Valencia J, Acevedo GF, Vázquez-Moreno L, Alvarez-Buylla RE. Floral transcription factor AGAMOUS interacts in vitro with a leucine-rich repeat and an acid phosphatase protein complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:1018-26. [PMID: 11689012 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in identifying potential protein interactors of MADS domain transcription factors during Arabidopsis thaliana flower development. We based our biochemical search on a conserved motif in the MADS domain that includes putative phosphatase and phosphorylation sites that may mediate protein interactions. An affinity column with this motif and a few surrounding hypervariable amino acids derived from the AGAMOUS sequence was prepared and used to isolate potential interactors from floral crude extracts. Only two proteins were specifically bound to the affinity column. The first corresponds to a carpel specific storage protein, VSP1, that presents acid phosphatase activity, and the second is a novel leucine-rich repeat protein that we have named FLOR1. Coimmunoprecipitation, two-hybrid yeast, and affinity column assays show that the FLOR1-VSP1 complex interacts with AGAMOUS and that this transcription factor directly interacts with FLOR1. This is the first assay to show an interaction between plant MADS domain factors and non-MADS proteins.
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MESH Headings
- AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis/chemistry
- AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis/genetics
- AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Acid Phosphatase/chemistry
- Acid Phosphatase/genetics
- Acid Phosphatase/isolation & purification
- Acid Phosphatase/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/chemistry
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/isolation & purification
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Endopeptidases/chemistry
- Endopeptidases/isolation & purification
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Leucine/metabolism
- Macromolecular Substances
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organ Specificity
- Plant Structures/chemistry
- Plant Structures/genetics
- Plant Structures/growth & development
- Plant Structures/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
- Sequence Alignment
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-275, México DF, 04510, México
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17
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Murray A, Smith RG, Brady K, Williams S, Badley RA, Price MR. Generation and refinement of peptide mimetic ligands for paratope-specific purification of monoclonal antibodies. Anal Biochem 2001; 296:9-17. [PMID: 11520027 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paratope-specific purification of antibodies has distinct advantages over conventional methods of antibody purification with respect to its capacity to isolate product of high purity and immunoreactivity. The present report addresses the problems of identifying peptide ligands for the purification of antibodies reactive with nonprotein antigens. Using an anti-steroid antibody as the model, a lead sequence that bound antibody was identified from a peptide phage display library. The minimum binding unit in this sequence was deduced using a series of truncated peptides synthesized on the heads of polyethylene pins. Replacement Net analysis of the minimum binding unit identified peptides with increased affinity for the antibody. The affinity-matured peptide mimotope bound antibody in solution. By molecular modeling the peptide was superimposable onto estrone-3-glucuronide localized in the crystal structure of the antibody binding pocket. In order to resolve problems of presentation posed by the reversal of orientation of the peptide on the affinity matrix compared with the pins, the mimotope peptide was synthesized in reverse sequence using d-amino acids. The resulting affinity matrix was effective for the purification of antibody. Eluted product demonstrated molecular homogeneity and high immunoreactivity. It is concluded that the combination of biological and chemical library techniques described provides a method for the generation and affinity maturation of mimotopes for antibodies against nonprotein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murray
- Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
A new armoury of protein purification tools is required to support rapid advances in high-throughput genomics and proteomics, which are predicted to lead to the discovery, isolation, characterisation and manufacture of a number of new biopharmaceutical proteins. Computer-aided molecular design, combinatorial (bio)chemistry and high-throughput screening techniques are now being exploited to identify highly selective ligands for use in the purification of these proteins by affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QT, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Molecular farming is the production of pharmaceutically important and commercially valuable proteins in plants. Its purpose is to provide a safe and inexpensive means for the mass production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Complex mammalian proteins can be produced in transformed plants or transformed plant suspension cells. Plants are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical proteins on a field scale because the expressed proteins are functional and almost indistinguishable from their mammalian counterparts. The breadth of therapeutic proteins produced by plants range from interleukins to recombinant antibodies. Molecular farming in plants has the potential to provide virtually unlimited quantities of recombinant proteins for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in health care and the life sciences. Plants produce a large amount of biomass and protein production can be increased using plant suspension cell culture in fermenters, or by the propagation of stably transformed plant lines in the field. Transgenic plants can also produce organs rich in a recombinant protein for its long-term storage. This demonstrates the promise of using transgenic plants as bioreactors for the molecular farming of recombinant therapeutics, including vaccines, diagnostics, such as recombinant antibodies, plasma proteins, cytokines and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fischer
- Institut für Biologie I (Botanik/Molekulargenetik), RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Theoretically it seems highly unlikely that relatively small peptides could mimic functionally discontinuous epitopes of antigens. Nevertheless various recent reports show this to be the case. Peptide mimics of protein-, polysaccharide- and DNA-epitopes have been shown to be able to replace the native epitope. Moreover, some of them are able to induce, when used in a vaccine, antibodies with the same activity as that of the antibody used as a template. These mimics, called mimotopes, can be used in vaccines and diagnostics and can be developed more or less systematically using solely antibodies and random, semi-random and dedicated peptide arrays or libraries. Furthermore, the mimotope concept which seems to have proven itself for antibody and antigen interaction can be applied equally well to many receptor ligand interactions and thus may form a new generic approach to the development of drugs. Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Meloen
- Pepscan Systems BV, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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21
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Sproule K, Morrill P, Pearson JC, Burton SJ, Hejnaes KR, Valore H, Ludvigsen S, Lowe CR. New strategy for the design of ligands for the purification of pharmaceutical proteins by affinity chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 740:17-33. [PMID: 10798291 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the identification of ligands for the purification of pharmaceutical proteins by affinity chromatography is described. The technique involves four steps. Selection of an appropriate site on the target protein, design of a complementary ligand compatible with the three-dimensional structure of the site, construction of a limited solid-phase combinatorial library of near-neighbour ligands and solution synthesis of the hit ligand, immobilisation, optimisation and application of the adsorbent for the purification of the target protein. This strategy is exemplified by the purification of a recombinant human insulin precursor (MI3) from a crude fermentation broth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sproule
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK
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22
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Boschetti E, Jungbauer A. 15 Separation of antibodies by liquid chromatography. HANDBOOK OF BIOSEPARATIONS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(00)80062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Tang Y, Beuerlein G, Pecht G, Chilton T, Huse WD, Watkins JD. Use of a peptide mimotope to guide the humanization of MRK-16, an anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:27371-8. [PMID: 10488067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.39.27371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A mimotope-guided strategy for engineering antibodies directed against orphan targets or antigens that are difficult to purify was developed and used to humanize the murine MRK-16 monoclonal antibody (mAb). MRK-16 recognizes a conformational epitope of a 170-kDa membrane protein, termed P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Elevated expression of P-gp on tumor cells is associated with resistance to cytotoxic drugs, a major obstacle in chemotherapy. Murine MRK-16 was used to enrich and screen a phage-displayed peptide library to identify reactive mimotopes. One peptide, termed ALR1, was enriched to a greater extent than others and subsequently was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. ALR1 fusion protein bound MRK-16 specifically and inhibited binding of MRK-16 to cells expressing elevated levels of P-gp. To humanize MRK-16, the murine complementarity determining regions were grafted onto homologous human heavy and light chain variable region frameworks. Framework residues that differed between the murine MRK-16 and the homologous human templates were analyzed and subsequently, five framework positions potentially important for maintaining the specificity and affinity of MRK-16 were identified. A combinatorial library consisting of 32 variants encoding all possible combinations of murine and human residues at the five differing framework positions was expressed in a phage system. In the absence of purified P-gp, ALR1 fusion protein was used as surrogate antigen to screen the antibody library to identify the framework combination that most preserved the binding activity of the mAb. On the basis of the initial screening against the mimotope four antibody variants were selected for further characterization. The binding affinity of these variants for the ALR1 fusion protein correlated with their binding to cells expressing elevated levels of P-gp. Thus, peptide mimotopes which can be identified for virtually any antibody including those that recognize conformational or carbohydrate epitopes, can serve as antigen templates for antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Ixsys, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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24
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Necina R, Amatschek K, Jungbauer A. Capture of human monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatant by ion exchange media exhibiting high charge density. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19981220)60:6<689::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Murray A, Spencer DI, Missailidis S, Denton G, Price MR. Design of ligands for the purification of anti-MUC1 antibodies by peptide epitope affinity chromatography. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1998; 52:375-83. [PMID: 9894842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fine specificity of epitope recognition of the anti-MUC1 mucin monoclonal antibody, C595 has been studied using solid-phase replacement net (RNET) analysis. Two peptides (RAAP and RPPP) showed increased reactivity with C595 antibody compared with the native epitope (RPAP). These were synthesized as integral motifs within MUC1 immunodominant peptides and analyzed by fluorescence quenching (FQ) and circular dichroism (CD). They were also tested as ligands for the purification of C595 antibody using epitope affinity chromatography. Affinity matrices were compared with respect to capacity, affinity, and quality of the purified product. In FQ tests the native epitope peptide (APDTRPAPG) and the alanine substituted peptide had similar association constants when reacting with C595 antibody, whereas the proline substituted peptide (APDTRPPPG) had a higher association constant. This order of affinity for C595 was confirmed in chromatography experiments in which antibody was eluted from the former two peptide matrices at approximately the same point on the NaSCN elution gradient, whereas antibody was desorbed from APDTRPPPG at a higher NaSCN concentration. Circular dichroism analysis showed that the thermodynamically preferred conformation of these peptides in aqueous solution is the P-II extended helix, the conformation preferred for an extended bound form of the peptide held by interactions with the peptide amides. The stronger binding peptide (APDTRPPPG) has the higher population of the P-II helix in solution. In conclusion, RNET analysis is useful in the rational design of peptide ligands so that the performance of affinity matrices may be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murray
- Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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