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Li H, Luo X, Qi K, Lv Y, Kan J, Yang C, Lin X, Tao J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Rong K, Wang A, Jiang Z, Li X. Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI to Evaluate the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in the Hippocampus of Rat Depression Model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1373-1381. [PMID: 37496196 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a quick acting antidepressant drug, and an accurate detection method is lacking. Ketamine's effects in a rat depression model have not previously been well explored using glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST). PURPOSE To investigate the GluCEST changes of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats after receiving either ketamine or saline injection. STUDY TYPE Randomized animal model trial. ANIMAL MODEL 12 CUMS and 6 Sprague-Dawley rats. Divided into three groups: ketamine (N = 6), saline (N = 6), and control (N = 6). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7.0 T/the sequence is GluCEST and 1 H MR spectroscopy (MRS). ASSESSMENT The CUMS rats were exposed to different stress factors for 8 weeks. The glutamate concentration in the hippocampus was assessed by the GluCEST,1 H MRS, and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). STATISTICAL TESTS The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS In depression conditions, GluCEST signals were lower in the bilateral hippocampus than in control group. Thirty minutes after ketamine injection, the GluCEST signals in the bilateral hippocampus were higher compared with the saline group (left: 2.99 ± 0.34 [Control] vs. 2.44 ± 0.20 [Saline] vs. 2.85 ± 0.11 [Ketamine]; right: 2.97 ± 0.28 [Control] vs. 2.49 ± 0.25 [Saline] vs. 2.86 ± 0.19 [Ketamine]). In 1 H MRS, significant changes were only observed in the left hippocampus (2.00 ± 0.16 [Control] vs. 1.81 ± 0.09 [Saline] vs. 2.04 ± 0.14 [Ketamine]). Furthermore, HPLC results showed similar trends to those observed in the GluCEST results (left: 2.32 ± 0.22 [Control] vs. 1.96 ± 0.11 [Saline] vs. 2.18 ± 0.11 [Ketamine]; right: 2.35 ± 0.18 [Control] vs. 1.87 ± 0.16 [Saline] vs. 2.09 ± 0.08 [Ketamine]). DATA CONCLUSION GluCEST can sensitively evaluate the ketamine's antidepressant effects by detecting the fast increase in glutamate concentration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qi
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yijie Lv
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Junnan Kan
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Changfeng Yang
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jin Tao
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Kang Rong
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhongde Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Ng DHJ, Chan LY, Fitzner L, Keppler JK, Ismail SM, Hird S, Hancock P, Karin S, Tobias D. A novel screening method for free non-standard amino acids in human plasma samples using AccQ·Tag reagents and LC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:445-454. [PMID: 36602091 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There are at least 500 naturally occurring amino acids, of which only 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids are used universally across all organisms in the synthesis of peptides and proteins. Non-standard amino acids can be incorporated into proteins or are intermediates and products of metabolic pathways. While the analysis of standard amino acids is well-defined, the analysis of non-standard amino acids can be challenging due to the wide range of physicochemical properties, and the lack of both reference standards and information in curated databases to aid compound identification. It has been shown that the use of an AccQ·Tag™ derivatization kit along with LC-MS/MS is an attractive option for the analysis of free standard amino acids in complex samples because it is fast, sensitive, reproducible, and selective. It has been demonstrated that the most abundant quantitative transition for MS/MS analysis of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatized amino acids corresponds to the fragmentation of the molecule at the 6-aminoquinoline carbonyl group producing a common m/z 171 fragment ion and occurs at similar mass spectrometry collision energy and cone voltages. In this study, the unique properties of AQC derivatized amino acids producing high intensity common fragment ions, along with chromatographic separation of amino acids under generic chromatography conditions, were used to develop a novel screening method for the detection of trace levels of non-standard amino acids in complex matrices. Structural elucidation was carried out by comparing the MS/MS fragment ion mass spectra generated with in silico predicted fragmentation spectra to enable a putative identification, which was confirmed using an appropriate analytical standard. This workflow was applied to screen human plasma samples for bioactive thiol-group modified cysteine amino acids and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), S-allylcysteine sulfoxide (SACS or alliin) and S-propenylcysteine (S1PC) are reported for the first time to be present in human plasma samples after the administration of garlic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H J Ng
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Li Yan Chan
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore.
| | - Laura Fitzner
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Keppler
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - Shareef M Ismail
- Global Service Education, Waters Pacific Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528, Singapore
| | - Simon Hird
- Food and Environment Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Peter Hancock
- Food and Environment Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Schwarz Karin
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Demetrowitsch Tobias
- Division of Food Technology, Kiel University, Heinrich-Hecht Platz 10, Kiel, 24118, Germany
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Santana-Gómez CE, Pérez-Pérez D, Fonseca-Barriendos D, Arias-Carrión O, Besio W, Rocha L. Transcranial Focal Electrical Stimulation Modifies Biogenic Amines' Alterations Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rat Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080706. [PMID: 34451804 PMCID: PMC8401891 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial focal stimulation (TFS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation strategy with neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) induces neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system producing modifications in the dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and histaminergic systems. The present study was conducted to test whether repetitive application of TFS avoids the biogenic amines' changes induced by the intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. Experiments were designed to determine the tissue content of dopamine, serotonin, and histamine in the brain of animals injected with 6-OHDA and then receiving daily TFS for 21 days. Tissue content of biogenic amines was evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum, ipsi- and contralateral to the side of 6-OHDA injection. Results obtained were compared to animals with 6-OHDA, TFS alone, and a Sham group. The present study revealed that TFS did not avoid the changes in the tissue content of dopamine in striatum. However, TFS was able to avoid several of the changes induced by 6-OHDA in the tissue content of dopamine, serotonin, and histamine in the different brain areas evaluated. Interestingly, TFS alone did not induce significant changes in the different brain areas evaluated. The present study showed that repetitive TFS avoids the biogenic amines' changes induced by 6-OHDA. TFS can represent a new therapeutic strategy to avoid the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pérez-Pérez
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM), Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, México City 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Walter Besio
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Correspondence: (W.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Pharmacobiology Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, México City 14330, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (W.B.); (L.R.)
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Sleep and Microdialysis: An Experiment and a Systematic Review of Histamine and Several Amino Acids. J Circadian Rhythms 2019; 17:7. [PMID: 31303885 PMCID: PMC6611484 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep seems essential to proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The role of different neurotransmitters has been studied, mainly the catecholamines and serotonin. Less attention has been paid to the amino acid transmitters and histamine. Here, we focus on the activity of these molecules in the PFC during sleep and sleep deprivation (SD). We determined extracellular concentrations of histamine and 8 amino acids in the medial PFC before, during and after SD. Additionally, we systematically reviewed the literature on studies reporting microdialysis measurements relating to sleep throughout the brain. In our experiment, median concentrations of glutamate were higher during SD than during baseline (p = 0.013) and higher during the dark-active than during the resting phase (p = 0.003). Glutamine was higher during post-SD recovery than during baseline (p = 0.010). For other compounds, no differences were observed between light and dark circadian phase, and between sleep deprivation, recovery and baseline. We retrieved 13 papers reporting on one or more of the molecules of interest during naturally occurring sleep, 2 during sleep deprivation and 2 during both. Only two studies targeted PFC. Histamine was low during sleep, but high during sleep deprivation and wakefulness, irrespective of brain area. Glu (k = 11) and GABA (k = 8) concentrations in different brain areas were reported to peak during sleep or wakefulness or to lack state-dependency. Aspartate, glycine, asparagine and taurine were less often studied (1-2 times), but peaked exclusively during sleep. Sleep deprivation increased glutamate and GABA exclusively in the cortex. Further studies are needed for drawing solid conclusions.
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5
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Gray N, Plumb RS, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK. A validated UPLC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of amino acids and biogenic amines in rat urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1106-1107:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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6
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Santana-Gómez CE, Valle-Dorado MG, Domínguez-Valentín AE, Hernández-Moreno A, Orozco-Suárez S, Rocha L. Neuroprotective effects of levetiracetam, both alone and combined with propylparaben, in the long-term consequences induced by lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:224-232. [PMID: 30213635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological condition that frequently induces severe neuronal injury in the hippocampus, subsequent epileptogenesis and pharmacoresistant spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). The repeated administration of LEV (a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug) during the post-SE period does not prevent the subsequent development of SRS. However, this treatment reduces SE-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Conversely, propylparaben (PPB) is a widely used antimicrobial that blocks voltage-dependent Na+ channels, induces neuroprotection and reduces epileptiform activity in vitro. The present study attempted to determine if the neuroprotective effects induced by LEV are augmented when combined with a sub-effective dose of PPB. Long-term SE-induced consequences (hyperexcitability, high glutamate release, neuronal injury and volume loss) were evaluated in the hippocampus of rats. LEV alone, as well as combined with PPB, did not prevent the occurrence of SRS. However, animals treated with LEV plus PPB showed high prevalence of low frequency oscillations (0.1-4 Hz and 8-90 bands, p < 0.001) and low prevalence of high frequency activity (90-250 bands, p < 0.001) during the interictal period. In addition, these animals presented lower extracellular levels of glutamate, decreased rate of neurodegeneration and a similar hippocampal volume compared to the control conditions. This study's results suggest that LEV associated with PPB could represent a new therapeutic strategy to reduce long-term consequences induced by SE that facilitate pharmacoresistant SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unit for Medical Research in Neurological Diseases, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Li M, Li D, Tai Y, Gu C, Song Y, Jiao W, Ning J, Wei C, Gu X, Ho CT, Hajano JUD, Wan X. Determination of free amino acids in tea by a novel method of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography applying 6-Aminoquinolyl- N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate reagent. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4276-4286. [PMID: 30228426 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel analytical method for quantification of free amino acids in tea using variable mobile phase pH, elution gradient and column temperature of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The study of mobile phase pH 5.7 was chosen to simultaneous quantification of 19 free amino acids in tea, while it improved maximum resolution of glutamine, histidine and theanine. Elution gradient was adapted for enhancing the solution of free amino acids, mainly because of adjustment of mobile phase A and B. The column temperature of 40 °C was conducive to separate free amino acids in tea. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method were in the range of 0.097-0.228 nmol/mL and 0.323-0.761 nmol/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation of intraday and interday ranged in 0.099-1.909% and 3.231-7.025%, respectively, indicating that the method was reproducible and precise, while recovery ranged between 81.06-112.78%, showing that the method had an acceptable accuracy. This method was applied for the quantification of free amino acids in six types of tea. Multivariate analysis identified serine, glutamine, theanine and leucine as the most influencing factor for classify among analyzed sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China.,2State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Daxiang Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Yuling Tai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Chenchen Gu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Yasai Song
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Weiting Jiao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Jingming Ning
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Xungang Gu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- 3Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Jamal U Ddin Hajano
- 4Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui China
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Determination of N-glycans by high performance liquid chromatography using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate as the glycosylamine labeling reagent. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1535:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Gray N, Zia R, King A, Patel VC, Wendon J, McPhail MJW, Coen M, Plumb RS, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK. High-Speed Quantitative UPLC-MS Analysis of Multiple Amines in Human Plasma and Serum via Precolumn Derivatization with 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate: Application to Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Failure. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2478-2487. [PMID: 28194962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A targeted reversed-phase gradient UPLC-MS/MS assay has been developed for the quantification /monitoring of 66 amino acids and amino-containing compounds in human plasma and serum using precolumn derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AccQTag Ultra). Derivatization of the target amines required minimal sample preparation and resulted in analytes with excellent chromatographic and mass spectrometric detection properties. The resulting method, which requires only 10 μL of sample, provides the reproducible and robust separation of 66 analytes in 7.5 min, including baseline resolution of isomers such as leucine and isoleucine. The assay has been validated for the quantification of 33 amino compounds (predominantly amino acids) over a concentration range from 2 to 20 and 800 μM. Intra- and interday accuracy of between 0.05 and 15.6 and 0.78-13.7% and precision between 0.91 and 16.9% and 2.12-15.9% were obtained. A further 33 biogenic amines can be monitored in samples for relative changes in concentration rather than quantification. Application of the assay to samples derived from healthy controls and patients suffering from acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) showed significant differences in the amounts of aromatic and branched chain amino acids between the groups as well as a number of other analytes, including the novel observation of increased concentrations of sarcosine in ALF patients. The properties of the developed assay, including short analysis time, make it suitable for high-throughput targeted UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabonomic analysis in clinical and epidemiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gray
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rabiya Zia
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam King
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vishal C Patel
- Institute of Liver Studies and Transplantation, Kings College Hospital , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies and Transplantation, Kings College Hospital , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies and Transplantation, Kings College Hospital , Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Muireann Coen
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Plumb
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, IRDB Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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10
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Dhondup Y, Sjaastad I, Scott H, Sandanger Ø, Zhang L, Haugstad SB, Aronsen JM, Ranheim T, Holmen SD, Alfsnes K, Ahmed MS, Attramadal H, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Christensen G, Yndestad A, Vinge LE. Sustained Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation Promotes Systemic and Cardiac Inflammation, and Aggravates Diastolic Heart Failure in SERCA2a KO Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139715. [PMID: 26461521 PMCID: PMC4604200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cardiac inflammation is important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, the consequence of systemic inflammation on concomitant established heart failure, and in particular diastolic heart failure, is less explored. Here we investigated the impact of systemic inflammation, caused by sustained Toll-like receptor 9 activation, on established diastolic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Diastolic heart failure was established in 8-10 week old cardiomyocyte specific, inducible SERCA2a knock out (i.e., SERCA2a KO) C57Bl/6J mice. Four weeks after conditional KO, mice were randomized to receive Toll-like receptor 9 agonist (CpG B; 2μg/g body weight) or PBS every third day. After additional four weeks, echocardiography, phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, histology, flow cytometry, and cardiac RNA analyses were performed. A subgroup was followed, registering morbidity and death. Non-heart failure control groups treated with CpG B or PBS served as controls. Our main findings were: (i) Toll-like receptor 9 activation (CpG B) reduced life expectancy in SERCA2a KO mice compared to PBS treated SERCA2a KO mice. (ii) Diastolic function was lower in SERCA2a KO mice with Toll-like receptor 9 activation. (iii) Toll-like receptor 9 stimulated SERCA2a KO mice also had increased cardiac and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION Sustained activation of Toll-like receptor 9 causes cardiac and systemic inflammation, and deterioration of SERCA2a depletion-mediated diastolic heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Diastole
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/metabolism
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/pathology
- Heart Failure, Diastolic/physiopathology
- Hydroxyproline/metabolism
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mortality, Premature
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Organ Size
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/deficiency
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchen Dhondup
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Scott
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Bjærum Haugstad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes college, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Dhondup Holmen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Shakil Ahmed
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Dias DA, Hill CB, Jayasinghe NS, Atieno J, Sutton T, Roessner U. Quantitative profiling of polar primary metabolites of two chickpea cultivars with contrasting responses to salinity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a GC-QqQ-MS method for the quantification of forty-eight primary metabolites from four major classes (sugars, sugar acids, sugar phosphates, and organic acids) which can be applied to a number of biological systems. The method was validated in terms of linearity, reproducibility and recovery, using both calibration standards and real samples. Additionally, twenty-eight biogenic amines and amino acids were quantified using an established LC-QqQ-MS method. Both GC-QqQ-MS and LC-QqQ-MS quantitative methods were applied to plant extracts from flower and pod tissue of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars differing in their ability to tolerate salinity, which were grown under control and salt-treated conditions. Statistical analysis was applied to the data sets using the absolute concentrations of metabolites to investigate the differences in metabolite profiles between the different cultivars, plant tissues, and treatments. The method is a significant improvement of present methodology for quantitative GC-MS metabolite profiling of organic acids and sugars, and provides new insights of chickpea metabolic responses to salinity stress. It is applicable to the analysis of dynamic changes in endogenous concentrations of polar primary metabolites to study metabolic responses to environmental stresses in complex biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anthony Dias
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Judith Atieno
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Tim Sutton
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia; South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397 Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Lund J, Hafstad AD, Boardman NT, Rossvoll L, Rolim NP, Ahmed MS, Florholmen G, Attramadal H, Wisløff U, Larsen TS, Aasum E. Exercise training promotes cardioprotection through oxygen-sparing action in high fat-fed mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H823-9. [PMID: 25637547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00734.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise training has been demonstrated to have beneficial cardiovascular effects in diabetes, the effect of exercise training on hearts from obese/diabetic models is unclear. In the present study, mice were fed a high-fat diet, which led to obesity, reduced aerobic capacity, development of mild diastolic dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance. Following 8 wk on high-fat diet, mice were assigned to 5 weekly high-intensity interval training (HIT) sessions (10 × 4 min at 85-90% of maximum oxygen uptake) or remained sedentary for the next 10 constitutive weeks. HIT increased maximum oxygen uptake by 13%, reduced body weight by 16%, and improved systemic glucose homeostasis. Exercise training was found to normalize diastolic function, attenuate diet-induced changes in myocardial substrate utilization, and dampen cardiac reactive oxygen species content and fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by normalization of obesity-related impairment of mechanical efficiency due to a decrease in work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. Finally, we found HIT to reduce infarct size by 47% in ex vivo hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. This study therefore demonstrated for the first time that exercise training mediates cardioprotection following ischemia in diet-induced obese mice and that this was associated with oxygen-sparing effects. These findings highlight the importance of optimal myocardial energetics during ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lund
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - A D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N T Boardman
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Rossvoll
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N P Rolim
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - M S Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Florholmen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Wisløff
- K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Saint Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - T S Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - E Aasum
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Sierra-Paredes G, Loureiro AI, Wright LC, Sierra-Marcuño G, Soares-da-Silva P. Effects of eslicarbazepine acetate on acute and chronic latrunculin A-induced seizures and extracellular amino acid levels in the mouse hippocampus. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:134. [PMID: 25526768 PMCID: PMC4279694 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-014-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latrunculin A microperfusion of the hippocampus induces acute epileptic seizures and long-term biochemical changes leading to spontaneous seizures. This study tested the effect of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), a novel antiepileptic drug, on latrunculin A-induced acute and chronic seizures, and changes in brain amino acid extracellular levels. Hippocampi of Swiss mice were continuously perfused with a latrunculin A solution (4 μM, 1 μl/min, 7 h/day) with continuous EEG and videotape recording for 3 consecutive days. Microdialysate samples were analyzed by HPLC and fluorescence detection of taurine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate and GABA. Thereafter, mice were continuously video monitored for two months to identify chronic spontaneous seizures or behavioral changes. Control EEG recordings (8 h) were performed in all animals at least once a week for a minimum of one month. Results Oral administration of ESL (100 mg/kg), previous to latrunculin A microperfusion, completely prevented acute latrunculin A-induced seizures as well as chronic seizures and all EEG chronic signs of paroxysmal activity. Hippocampal extracellular levels of taurine, glycine and aspartate were significantly increased during latrunculin A microperfusion, while GABA and glutamate levels remained unchanged. ESL reversed the increases in extracellular taurine, glycine and aspartate concentrations to basal levels and significantly reduced glutamate levels. Plasma and brain bioanalysis showed that ESL was completely metabolized within 1 h after administration to mainly eslicarbazepine, its major active metabolite. Conclusion ESL treatment prevented acute latrunculin A-induced seizures as well as chronic seizures and all EEG chronic signs of paroxysmal activity, supporting a possible anti-epileptogenic effect of ESL in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Sierra-Paredes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana I Loureiro
- Department Research & Development, BIAL - Portela & Cª - S.A., 4745-457, S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.
| | - Lyndon C Wright
- Department Research & Development, BIAL - Portela & Cª - S.A., 4745-457, S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.
| | - Germán Sierra-Marcuño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department Research & Development, BIAL - Portela & Cª - S.A., 4745-457, S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal. .,Department Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Research and Development, BIAL, À Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457, S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.
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14
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Finsen AV, Ueland T, Sjaastad I, Ranheim T, Ahmed MS, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Aakhus S, Husberg C, Fiane AE, Lipp M, Gullestad L, Christensen G, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. The homeostatic chemokine CCL21 predicts mortality in aortic stenosis patients and modulates left ventricular remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112172. [PMID: 25398010 PMCID: PMC4232360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CCL21 acting through CCR7, is termed a homeostatic chemokine. Based on its role in concerting immunological responses and its proposed involvement in tissue remodeling, we hypothesized that this chemokine could play a role in myocardial remodeling during left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. Methods and Results Our main findings were: (i) Serum levels of CCL21 were markedly raised in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS, n = 136) as compared with healthy controls (n = 20). (ii) A CCL21 level in the highest tertile was independently associated with all-cause mortality in these patients. (iii) Immunostaining suggested the presence of CCR7 on macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts within calcified human aortic valves. (iv). Mice exposed to LV pressure overload showed enhanced myocardial expression of CCL21 and CCR7 mRNA, and increased CCL21 protein levels. (v) CCR7−/− mice subjected to three weeks of LV pressure overload had similar heart weights compared to wild type mice, but increased LV dilatation and reduced wall thickness. Conclusions Our studies, combining experiments in clinical and experimental LV pressure overload, suggest that CCL21/CCR7 interactions might be involved in the response to pressure overload secondary to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vanessa Finsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammed S. Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik T. Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Husberg
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Lipp
- Department of Molecular Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Determination of 21 Free Amino Acids in Fruit Juices by HPLC Using a Modification of the 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate (AQC) Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Gravning J, Ahmed MS, von Lueder TG, Edvardsen T, Attramadal H. CCN2/CTGF attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction upon chronic pressure-overload. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2049-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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18
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Oxygen response of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 grown under carbon-sufficient, nitrogen-limited enological conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8340-52. [PMID: 23001663 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02305-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete additions of oxygen play a critical role in alcoholic fermentation. However, few studies have quantitated the fate of dissolved oxygen and its impact on wine yeast cell physiology under enological conditions. We simulated the range of dissolved oxygen concentrations that occur after a pump-over during the winemaking process by sparging nitrogen-limited continuous cultures with oxygen-nitrogen gaseous mixtures. When the dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 1.2 to 2.7 μM, yeast cells changed from a fully fermentative to a mixed respirofermentative metabolism. This transition is characterized by a switch in the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and an activation of NADH shuttling from the cytosol to mitochondria. Nevertheless, fermentative ethanol production remained the major cytosolic NADH sink under all oxygen conditions, suggesting that the limitation of mitochondrial NADH reoxidation is the major cause of the Crabtree effect. This is reinforced by the induction of several key respiratory genes by oxygen, despite the high sugar concentration, indicating that oxygen overrides glucose repression. Genes associated with other processes, such as proline uptake, cell wall remodeling, and oxidative stress, were also significantly affected by oxygen. The results of this study indicate that respiration is responsible for a substantial part of the oxygen response in yeast cells during alcoholic fermentation. This information will facilitate the development of temporal oxygen addition strategies to optimize yeast performance in industrial fermentations.
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An UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Assay Using 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate Derivatization for Targeted Amino Acid Analysis: Application to Screening of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants. Metabolites 2012; 2:398-428. [PMID: 24957640 PMCID: PMC3901210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the large arsenal of methodologies developed for amino acid assessment in complex matrices, their implementation in metabolomics studies involving wide-ranging mutant screening is hampered by their lack of high-throughput, sensitivity, reproducibility, and/or wide dynamic range. In response to the challenge of developing amino acid analysis methods that satisfy the criteria required for metabolomic studies, improved reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPHPLC-MS) methods have been recently reported for large-scale screening of metabolic phenotypes. However, these methods focus on the direct analysis of underivatized amino acids and, therefore, problems associated with insufficient retention and resolution are observed due to the hydrophilic nature of amino acids. It is well known that derivatization methods render amino acids more amenable for reverse phase chromatographic analysis by introducing highly-hydrophobic tags in their carboxylic acid or amino functional group. Therefore, an analytical platform that combines the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) pre-column derivatization method with ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) is presented in this article. For numerous reasons typical amino acid derivatization methods would be inadequate for large scale metabolic projects. However, AQC derivatization is a simple, rapid and reproducible way of obtaining stable amino acid adducts amenable for UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and the applicability of the method for high-throughput metabolomic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana is demonstrated in this study. Overall, the major advantages offered by this amino acid analysis method include high-throughput, enhanced sensitivity and selectivity; characteristics that showcase its utility for the rapid screening of the preselected plant metabolites without compromising the quality of the metabolic data. The presented method enabled thirty-eight metabolites (proteinogenic amino acids and related compounds) to be analyzed within 10 min with detection limits down to 1.02 × 10-11 M (i.e., atomole level on column), which represents an improved sensitivity of 1 to 5 orders of magnitude compared to existing methods. Our UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is one of the seven analytical platforms used by the Arabidopsis Metabolomics Consortium. The amino acid dataset obtained by analysis of Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant stocks with our platform is captured and open to the public in the web portal PlantMetabolomics.org. The analytical platform herein described could find important applications in other studies where the rapid, high-throughput and sensitive assessment of low abundance amino acids in complex biosamples is necessary.
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Visualization of acetylcholine distribution in central nervous system tissue sections by tandem imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1851-61. [PMID: 22526660 PMCID: PMC3358544 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite distribution imaging via imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an increasingly utilized tool in the field of neurochemistry. As most previous IMS studies analyzed the relative abundances of larger metabolite species, it is important to expand its application to smaller molecules, such as neurotransmitters. This study aimed to develop an IMS application to visualize neurotransmitter distribution in central nervous system tissue sections. Here, we raise two technical problems that must be resolved to achieve neurotransmitter imaging: (1) the lower concentrations of bioactive molecules, compared with those of membrane lipids, require higher sensitivity and/or signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios in signal detection, and (2) the molecular turnover of the neurotransmitters is rapid; thus, tissue preparation procedures should be performed carefully to minimize postmortem changes. We first evaluated intrinsic sensitivity and matrix interference using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) to detect six neurotransmitters and chose acetylcholine (ACh) as a model for study. Next, we examined both single MS imaging and MS/MS imaging for ACh and found that via an ion transition from m/z 146 to m/z 87 in MS/MS imaging, ACh could be visualized with a high S/N ratio. Furthermore, we found that in situ freezing method of brain samples improved IMS data quality in terms of the number of effective pixels and the image contrast (i.e., the sensitivity and dynamic range). Therefore, by addressing the aforementioned problems, we demonstrated the tissue distribution of ACh, the most suitable molecular specimen for positive ion detection by IMS, to reveal its localization in central nervous system tissues.
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21
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New approach for amino acid profiling in human plasma by selective fluorescence derivatization. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1653-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Cohen SA. Analytical techniques for the detection of α-amino-β-methylaminopropionic acid. Analyst 2012; 137:1991-2005. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Boughton BA, Callahan DL, Silva C, Bowne J, Nahid A, Rupasinghe T, Tull DL, McConville MJ, Bacic A, Roessner U. Comprehensive Profiling and Quantitation of Amine Group Containing Metabolites. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7523-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201610x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berin A. Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Damien L. Callahan
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Claudio Silva
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Jairus Bowne
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Amsha Nahid
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Thusita Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Dedreja L. Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Malcolm J. McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Antony Bacic
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
- ACPFG, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
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Song C, Zhang C, Li G, Zhang X, Chen G, You J. Highly selective and sensitive determination of free and total amino acids inApocynum venetumL. (Luobuma tea) by a developed HPLC–FLD method coupled with pre-column fluorescent labelling. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:170-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.610780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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He Y, Zhao L, Yuan H, Xu Z, Tang Y, Xiao D, Choi MMF. HPLC with In-Capillary Optical Fiber Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection of Picomolar Amounts of Amino Acids by Precolumn Fluorescence Derivatization with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Waehre A, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Husberg C, Sjaastad I, Nygård S, Dahl CP, Ahmed MS, Finsen AV, Reims H, Louch WE, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Vinge LE, Roald B, Attramadal H, Lipp M, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Christensen G. Lack of chemokine signaling through CXCR5 causes increased mortality, ventricular dilatation and deranged matrix during cardiac pressure overload. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18668. [PMID: 21533157 PMCID: PMC3078912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammatory mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the development of heart failure (HF), but a role for chemokines is largely unknown. Based on their role in inflammation and matrix remodeling in other tissues, we hypothesized that CXCL13 and CXCR5 could be involved in cardiac remodeling during HF. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the role of the chemokine CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 in cardiac pathophysiology leading to HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice harboring a systemic knockout of the CXCR5 (CXCR5(-/-)) displayed increased mortality during a follow-up of 80 days after aortic banding (AB). Following three weeks of AB, CXCR5(-/-) developed significant left ventricular (LV) dilatation compared to wild type (WT) mice. Microarray analysis revealed altered expression of several small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) that bind to collagen and modulate fibril assembly. Protein levels of fibromodulin, decorin and lumican (all SLRPs) were significantly reduced in AB CXCR5(-/-) compared to AB WT mice. Electron microscopy revealed loosely packed extracellular matrix with individual collagen fibers and small networks of proteoglycans in AB CXCR5(-/-) mice. Addition of CXCL13 to cultured cardiac fibroblasts enhanced the expression of SLRPs. In patients with HF, we observed increased myocardial levels of CXCR5 and SLRPs, which was reversed following LV assist device treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lack of CXCR5 leads to LV dilatation and increased mortality during pressure overload, possibly via lack of an increase in SLRPs. This study demonstrates a critical role of the chemokine CXCL13 and CXCR5 in survival and maintaining of cardiac structure upon pressure overload, by regulating proteoglycans essential for correct collagen assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Waehre
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Ahmed MS, Gravning J, Martinov VN, von Lueder TG, Edvardsen T, Czibik G, Moe IT, Vinge LE, Øie E, Valen G, Attramadal H. Mechanisms of novel cardioprotective functions of CCN2/CTGF in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1291-302. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00604.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a CCN family matricellular protein repressed in healthy hearts after birth, is induced in heart failure of various etiologies. Multiple cellular and biological functions have been assigned to CCN2/CTGF depending on cellular context. However, the functions and mechanisms of action of CCN2/CTGF in the heart as well as its roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology remain unknown. Transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of CTGF (Tg-CTGF) were generated and compared with nontransgenic littermate control (NLC) mice. Tg-CTGF mice displayed slightly lower cardiac mass and inconspicuous increase of myocardial collagen compared with NLC mice but no evidence of contractile dysfunction. Analysis of the myocardial transcriptome by DNA microarray revealed activation of several distinct gene programs in Tg-CTGF hearts involved in cardioprotection and growth inhibition. Indeed, Tg-CTGF mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury by in situ transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in vivo displayed reduced vulnerability with markedly diminished infarct size. These findings were recapitulated in isolated hearts perfused with recombinant human (h)CTGF before the ischemia-reperfusion procedure. Consistently, Tg-CTGF hearts, as well as isolated adult cardiac myocytes exposed to recombinant hCTGF, displayed enhanced phosphorylation and activity of the Akt/p70S6 kinase/GSK-3β salvage kinase pathway and induction of several genes with reported cardioprotective functions. Inhibition of Akt activities also prevented the cardioprotective phenotype of hearts from Tg-CTGF mice. This report provides novel evidence that CTGF confers cardioprotection by salvage phosphokinase signaling leading to inhibition of GSK-3β activities, activation of phospho-SMAD2, and reprogramming of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Jørgen Gravning
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Vladimir N. Martinov
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas G. von Lueder
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild T. Moe
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Leif E. Vinge
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Erik Øie
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
| | - Guro Valen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Cardiology, and Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo and
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Fiechter G, Mayer HK. Characterization of amino acid profiles of culture media via pre-column 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate derivatization and ultra performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1353-60. [PMID: 21371951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The AccQ.Tag™ method, as a well-established protocol for amino acid analysis combining derivatization procedure, dedicated HPLC separation and fluorescence detection, was properly transferred and accordingly optimized for the application on ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC™) and UV detection. Capitalizing on sub-2 μm particles, this newly established UV-UPLC™ technique facilitated efficient chromatographic separation of 21 amino acid derivatives within 12 min. In addition, UPLC™ demonstrated significant improvements due to superior performance and reduced run times compared with the former 35 min of the original HPLC protocol. Using UV instead of fluorescence detection, amino acid quantification after pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) yielded appropriate sensitivities within the low pmol range with corresponding detection limits varying from 0.11 to 0.57 pmol per injection. Moreover, the UPLC™ method was applied to characterize changes in the free (FAA) as well as total amino acid (TAA) profiles specific to culture media at three distinctive stages of fermentation: fresh medium, fermentation broth after cell mass production prior to induction and after product expression at the end of fermentation. Amino acid profiles intrinsic to the fresh, sterilized medium indicated free, hence more bioavailable, amino acids at a FAA/TAA ratio of 40%, whereas ongoing fermentation implied a rather specific, successive decline in selective FAA concentrations. Thereby, the most distinctive variations in FAAs were highlighted by aspartic acid, serine and threonine, each exhibiting an almost complete uptake from the culture media (-96% to -99%), with remaining FAA/TAA ratios of 1%, 8%, and 1%, respectively. This indeed may indicate limitations and shortages within the nutrient broth. Thus, amino acid monitoring utilizing high-throughput chromatography, such as UPLC™, can be considered as a valuable tool to facilitate rapid adjustments of fermentation broths and to optimize culture media to specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiechter
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Chemistry Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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29
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UPLC analysis of free amino acids in wines: profiling of on-lees aged wines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1361-6. [PMID: 21371950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of free amino acid (FAA) profiles intrinsic to on-lees aged white wines was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC™). On basis of the AccQ.Tag™ method as a commercialized amino acid analysis solution for HPLC, a new protocol for dedicated amino acid analysis using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) for pre-column derivatization was established by method transfer onto UPLC™ conditions. Since AQC derivatives enable both fluorescence (AccQ.Tag™ method) and UV detection, the performed method transfer additionally included changing to a more versatile UV detection. Emphasizing enhanced performance of UPLC™, the newly established protocol facilitated rapid and reliable separations of 24 amino acids within 23 min, hence proved to be superior compared to the original HPLC protocol due to significant improvements in resolution and reduced runtime. Applying UV detection enabled adequate quantifications of AQC amino acid derivatives at μM level (LOQs from 0.12 to 1.10 μM), thus proved sufficient sensitivity for amino acid profiling in wine samples. Moreover, this compiled methodology was successfully applied to monitor the changes of FAA concentrations in four distinct sets of on-lees aged white wines (fermented with different yeasts) at three progressing ripening periods, each (control, 3 and 6 months aging). For the control wines, the applied winery yeast significantly affected total FAA amounts (1450-1740 mg L(-1)). During maturation, the proceeding yeast autolysis implied a rather complex impact on FAAs, yielding total FAA excretions up to 360 mg L(-1). However, the magnitude for increases of specific FAAs (up to +200%) highly depended on the individual amino acids as well as on the applied fermenting yeast. Given the overall complexity of yeast autolysis in winemaking, the application of efficient LC techniques such as UPLC™ may indeed contribute as a valuable tool in wine research for product monitoring and characterization of intrinsic developments during wine maturation.
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30
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Todoroki K, Yoshida H, Hayama T, Itoyama M, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Highly sensitive and selective derivatization-LC method for biomolecules based on fluorescence interactions and fluorous separations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 879:1325-37. [PMID: 21190905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence derivatization LC method is a powerful tool for the analysis with high sensitivity and selectivity of biological compounds. In this review, we introduce new types of fluorescence derivatization LC analysis methods. These are (1) detection-selective derivatization methods based on fluorescence interactions generated from fluorescently labeled analytes: excimer fluorescence derivatization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) derivatization; (2) separation-selective derivatization methods using the fluorous separation technique: fluorous derivatization, F-trap fluorescence derivatization, and fluorous scavenging derivatization (FSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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31
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Brouns R, Van Hemelrijck A, Drinkenburg WH, Van Dam D, De Surgeloose D, De Deyn PP. Excitatory amino acids and monoaminergic neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid of acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:865-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Bjornstad JL, Sjaastad I, Nygard S, Hasic A, Ahmed MS, Attramadal H, Finsen AV, Christensen G, Tonnessen T. Collagen isoform shift during the early phase of reverse left ventricular remodelling after relief of pressure overload. Eur Heart J 2010; 32:236-45. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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A fluorous tag-bound fluorescence derivatization reagent, F-trap pyrene, for reagent peak-free HPLC analysis of aliphatic amines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:321-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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ZHAO WC, LIU LJ, ZHAO XE, DING CX, SUO YR, YOU JM. Application of 2-(11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl) Ethyl Carbonochloridate as a Precolumn Derivatization Reagent of Amino Acid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Increased homocysteine-induced release of excitatory amino acids in the striatum of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. Brain Res 2008; 1226:192-8. [PMID: 18598678 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased plasma [homocysteine] is associated with stroke but its direct effects on the brain during a stroke are unknown. Since excitatory amino acids are important in inducing brain damage, we examined the effect of homocysteine on the release of various amino acids in the striatum of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHSP) rats before and after a stroke. METHODS In vivo microdialysis was carried out in the striatum of anesthetized SHSP rats before and after signs of stroke. Animals were exposed to 20 and 200 muM homocysteine in the microdialysis solution and then the microdialysates were analyzed 30 min later for amino acid content. Brain cryosections were silver-stained to quantify infarcts in the non-ischemic and the damaged tissues in pre-stroke and post-stroke rats. RESULTS Both pre-stroke and post-stroke animals had similar levels of all amino acids in the striatum. Homocysteine did not alter amino acid release in rats prior to stroke but induced a significant increase in the release of all amino acids tested in the post-stroke rats. However, the increase was significantly greater with the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate, and with tyrosine in post-stroke animals as compared to those in pre-stroke, normal animals. The mean pixel density of the gray matter of post-stroke animals was significantly decreased following homocysteine treatment indicating the presence of neurological damage. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine-induced neurological damage in post-infarct SHSP rats was associated with a hypersecretion of excitatory amino acids. Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia may be at risk for augmented brain damage from an ischemic infarct due to a selective activation of neuronal excitatory amino acids.
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36
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Paik MJ, Cho IS, Mook-Jung IH, Lee G, Kim KR. Altered free amino acid levels in brain cortex tissues of mice with Alzheimer's disease as their N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. BMB Rep 2008; 41:23-8. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Boogers I, Plugge W, Stokkermans YQ, Duchateau ALL. Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acids in protein hydrolysates using an automated pre-column derivatisation method. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1189:406-9. [PMID: 18070624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the changeover from the Pico.Tag HPLC method to the AccQ.Tag(ultra) UPLC method for the analysis of amino acids in casein and bovine serum albumine hydrolysates is described. The total chromatographic run time of the AccQ.Tag(ultra) UPLC method was only 40% of the time required for the Pico.Tag HPLC method. Quantitative results of both methods for casein and bovine serum albumine hydrolysates compared fairly well. The derivatisation protocol for the formation of AQC derivatives of amino acids was automated using a Gilson Model 215 liquid handler. Comparison of the manual derivatisation protocol with the automated protocol showed lower coefficients of variation for the latter. Combination of the AccQ.Tag(ultra) UPLC method and automated derivatisation resulted in improved throughput compared to the Pico.Tag HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilco Boogers
- DSM Food Specialties, R&D/Analysis Department, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
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38
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Pappa-Louisi A, Nikitas P, Agrafiotou P, Papageorgiou A. Optimization of separation and detection of 6-aminoquinolyl derivatives of amino acids by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with on line UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 593:92-7. [PMID: 17531828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of UV-absorbance, fluorescence and electrochemical detection was proposed for the analysis of a set of thirteen amino acids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate as a precolumn derivatization reagent. The utility of using three detectors in series was demonstrated. The separation of all derivatized amino acids was optimized with the aid of a computer optimization program from only four simple linear gradient measurements. The effectiveness of a reliable retention prediction of solutes under any gradient profile using other gradient or isocratic data was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pappa-Louisi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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39
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Cross JM, Sandoval FJ, Roje S. An HPLC-based fluorometric assay for cobalamin-independent methionine synthase. Anal Biochem 2006; 360:157-9. [PMID: 17113026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Cross
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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40
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Hsieh CY, Tsai EM, Wu HL. Simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection for the analysis of γ-amino-n-butyric acid in human urine. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 577:201-6. [PMID: 17723672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) in human urine. GABA is increased in the urine of cancer patients and could be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of related patients. The method is based on derivatizing GABA with a fluorescent reagent (naproxen acyl chloride) for transforming the non-chromophoric GABA to a derivative with chromophoric and fluorophoric properties. The resulting derivative is highly responsive to a fluorimetric detector (lambda(ex)=230 nm, lambda(em)=350 nm). The lower quantitation of the method is attainable at 100 nM GABA with a detection limit about 10nM (S/N=3 with 20 microL injected). Application of the method to the analysis of GABA in the urine of patients with ovarian and uterine cancer was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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41
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Naval MV, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, De Arce C. Value of high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acids in the determination of Panax ginseng radix extract effect in cultured neurons. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1121:242-7. [PMID: 16697391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present research describes a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method that allows the determination of several amino acids in primary cultured cortical neurons of rats. The concentration of amino acids was determined by using pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride and UV-diode array detection. Data show that Panax ginseng radix extract (GS) can modulate amino acid release in neurons. The levels of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) in the GS-treated groups were higher than in the non-treated groups dose-dependentwise. In this case, Glu and GABA were the most released amino acids (74.43% +/- 0.97 and 88.41% +/- 4.12 at ginseng dose 0.01 mg/ml after 1h from treatment, respectively). The values obtained in the determination of the analytical parameters (linearity, precision, limit of detection and accuracy) confirm the quality of the method. The average recoveries for intra and inter-day assay (n = 5) were 101.18 and 102.38 for Asp, 99.35 and 98.44 for Glu, 99.59 and 99.66 for Gly, and 100.06 and 100.37 for GABA. These data proved that the method yields accurate results, with RSD lower than 2.2%. The precision of the method was estimated on the basis of RSD of six injections at two different concentrations of amino acids. This technique is useful in studying the GS-mediated modulation of the dynamic equilibrium of amino acids and neurotransmission in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Naval
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. de la Moncloa s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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42
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Riobó P, Paz B, Franco J. Analysis of palytoxin-like in Ostreopsis cultures by liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Shi Y, Ming Y, Wang C, Zhao X, Zhang R, You J. Determination of Amino Acids from Hydrolyzed Bovine Serum Albumin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Identification with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(06)60028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Wang H, Liu X, Zhang N, Cao LW, Zhang HS. 2,6-Dimethyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acidN-hydroxysuccinimide ester: A fluorogenic hydrophilic derivatizing reagent for liquid chromatographic analysis of aliphatic amines. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:635-40. [PMID: 16605081 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of a fluorogenic, hydrophilic, and amine-reactive reagent, 2,6-dimethyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (DMQC-OSu) has been investigated in the procolumn derivatization for the LC separation of aliphatic amines. In pH 8.0 aqueous medium, DMQC-OSu reacted with amines at 50 degrees C within 20 min to form highly fluorescent carboxamides and the excess reagent hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. The separation of representative amine derivatives with DMQC-OSu has been performed using a C18 column with the fluorescence detection at 326/409 nm. The detection limits reached nanomolar level. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of real samples with recoveries of 94-108%. Compared with other succinimidyl esters used in the derivatization of amino compounds, DMQC-OSu and its hydrolysate had negligible fluorescence (phi(fl) = 0.09 and 0.02, respectively), which implied that small peaks appeared in chromatograms and slight interference was introduced to the determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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45
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Ullmer R, Plematl A, Rizzi A. Derivatization by 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate for enhancing the ionization yield of small peptides and glycopeptides in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1469-79. [PMID: 16586471 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of glycosylation in proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is often impeded by strong suppression of ionization of glycopeptides in the presence of non-glycosylated peptides. Glycopeptides with a large carbohydrate part and a short peptide backbone are particularly affected by this problem. To meet the goal of generating mass spectra exhibiting glycopeptide coverages as complete as possible, derivatization of glycopeptides offers a practical way to increase their ionization yield. This paper investigated derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) which is a rapid labeling technique commonly used for fluorescence detection in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). As test samples we used peptides and glycopeptides obtained by enzymatic digestion of three different glycoproteins, i.e., human antithrombin, chicken ovalbumin, and bovine alpha1-acid-glycoprotein. It was found that AQC derivatization resulted in strongly increased signal intensities when analyzing small peptides and glycopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS. For these compounds the limit of detection could be reduced to low fmol amounts. Without derivatization only glycopeptides containing large peptide backbones were detected by MALDI-MS. This effect was even significant when glycopeptides were pre-separated and enriched by means of lectin affinity chromatography before MALDI-MS analysis and when using electrospray ionization (ESI). This labeling method, applied in combination with MS detection for the first time, was found to be well suited for the enhancement of detection sensitivity for small glycopeptides in MALDI-MS analysis and thus for reducing the need for pre-separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ullmer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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46
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Novikova AE, Anisimova OS, Turchin KF, Fomina SA, Lunts MG, Degterev EV. Identification and Analysis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Culture Media of Producing Strains. Pharm Chem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-005-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Quantitation of Amino Acids as 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl Carbamate Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(05)80011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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48
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Oreiro-García MT, Vázquez-Illanes MD, Sierra-Paredes G, Sierra-Marcuño G. Analysis of neuroactive amino acids from microdialysate samples by fluorescence detection using a modification of the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate method. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:720-4. [PMID: 15828061 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) and fluorescence detection is reported. By directly derivatizing microdialysate samples with AQC, an automatic and rapid simultaneous measurement of aspartate, serine, glutamate, glycine and histidine was developed. Excellent linearity (r2 > or = 0.998) was achieved for the standard mixture used for the validation experiments. Within-day and between-day precision was less than 6.2%, and the accuracy ranged from 95 to 105.2% in standards. This method is suitable for single run analysis of a high number of small volume microdialysate samples from rat hippocampus. Amino acids from microdialysate samples were quantified with RSD for reproducibility below 2%, and at approximately 0.1% for retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Oreiro-García
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago, San Francisco s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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49
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Chaimbault P, Alberic P, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Development of an LC–MS–MS method for the quantification of taurine derivatives in marine invertebrates. Anal Biochem 2004; 332:215-25. [PMID: 15325288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur amino acids, such as taurine, hypotaurine, and thiotaurine, were found in high quantities in tissues of marine symbiotic organisms (e.g., bivalves, tubeworms) living close to hydrothermal vent sites. Therefore, they are assumed to play a key role in the S-oxidizing base metabolism or sulfide detoxification. We propose here a specific, rapid, and original analytical procedure for the direct determination of sulfur amino acids at the level of a few parts per billion in biological samples, avoiding the classical low specific post-column ortho-phthaldialdehyde derivatization step required by non-ultraviolet-absorbing molecules. Indeed, by coupling liquid chromatography on a porous graphitic stationary phase under isocratic conditions (10 mM ammonium acetate buffer adjusted to pH 9.3) to tandem mass spectrometry (ionization process by pneumatically assisted electrospray in negative ion mode), it is possible to perform specific quantification of these metabolites in less than 10 min directly in biological matrices without any derivatization step or other tedious sample treatments. Thus, taurine, hypotaurine, and thiotaurine have been identified and assayed in several deep sea organisms, showing that the developed method is well suited for this kind of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chaimbault
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, CNRS UMR 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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50
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Dawson LA, Organ AJ, Winter P, Lacroix LP, Shilliam CS, Heidbreder C, Shah AJ. Rapid high-throughput assay for the measurement of amino acids from microdialysates and brain tissue using monolithic C18-bonded reversed-phase columns. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 807:235-41. [PMID: 15203035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid precolumn high-performance liquid chromatography method based on fluorescence detection has been developed for the measurement of multiple amino acids from both ex vivo and in vivo biological samples using monolithic C18 columns. A mixture of 18 primary amino acids were derivatised with napthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) in the presence of cyanide. The resulting isoindole derivatives were resolved within 10 min using a linear binary gradient elution profile with Rs values in the range 1.2-9.0. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be between 6.0 and 60 fmol for 5 microl injection with a signal to noise ratio of 3:1. The NDA derivatives were found to be stable for 9 h at 4 degrees C. This assay has been employed for the rapid analysis of amino acids from brain tissue and microdialysis samples. Examples of application of the method are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Dawson
- In Vivo Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Psychiatry CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK
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