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Oane I, Barborica A, Mindruta IR. Cingulate Cortex: Anatomy, Structural and Functional Connectivity. J Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 40:482-490. [PMID: 36930223 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The cingulate cortex is a paired brain region located on the medial wall of each hemisphere. This review explores the anatomy as well as the structural and functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex underlying essential roles this region plays in emotion, autonomic, cognitive, motor control, visual-spatial processing, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Oane
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Barborica
- Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; and
| | - Ioana R Mindruta
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Neurology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Barnby JM, Park S, Baxter T, Rosen C, Brugger P, Alderson-Day B. The felt-presence experience: from cognition to the clinic. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:352-362. [PMID: 36990104 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The felt presence experience is the basic feeling that someone else is present in the immediate environment, without clear sensory evidence. Ranging from benevolent to distressing, personified to ambiguous, felt presence has been observed in neurological case studies and within psychosis and paranoia, associated with sleep paralysis and anxiety, and recorded within endurance sports and spiritualist communities. In this Review, we summarise the philosophical, phenomenological, clinical, and non-clinical correlates of felt presence, as well as current approaches that use psychometric, cognitive, and neurophysiological methods. We present current mechanistic explanations for felt presence, suggest a unifying cognitive framework for the phenomenon, and discuss outstanding questions for the field. Felt presence offers a sublime opportunity to understand the cognitive neuroscience of own-body awareness and social agency detection, as an intuitive, but poorly understood, experience in health and disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Barnby
- Social Computation and Cognitive Representation Lab, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tatiana Baxter
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cherise Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Brugger
- Neuropsychology Unit, Valens Rehabilitation Centre, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Baker K, Dalley JW. Desert Island Papers. Brain Neurosci Adv 2023; 7:23982128231199006. [PMID: 37736162 PMCID: PMC10510345 DOI: 10.1177/23982128231199006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents edited highlights from a special session at the BNA International Festival of Neuroscience held in Brighton in April 2023. The session involved Desert Island Disc-style interviews between early career researchers and established investigators, discussing papers that influenced their neuroscience careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Gomez-Andres A, Cunillera T, Rico I, Naval-Baudin P, Camins A, Fernandez-Coello A, Gabarrós A, Rodriguez-Fornells A. The role of the anterior insular cortex in self-monitoring: A novel study protocol with electrical stimulation mapping and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cortex 2022; 157:231-244. [PMID: 36347086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Becoming aware of one's own states is a fundamental aspect for self-monitoring, allowing us to adjust our beliefs of the world to the changing context. Previous evidence points out to the key role of the anterior insular cortex (aIC) in evaluating the consequences of our own actions, especially whenever an error has occurred. In the present study, we propose a new multimodal protocol combining electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the functional role of the aIC for self-monitoring in patients undergoing awake brain surgery. Our results using a modified version of the Stroop task tackling metacognitive abilities revealed new direct evidence of the involvement of the aIC in monitoring our performance, showing increased difficulties in detecting action-outcome mismatches when stimulating a cortical site located at the most posterior part of the aIC as well as significant BOLD activations at this region during outcome incongruences for self-made actions. Based on these preliminary results, we highlight the importance of assessing the aIC's functioning during tumor resection involving this region to evaluate metacognitive awareness of the self in patients undergoing awake brain surgery. In a similar vein, a better understanding of the aIC's role during self-monitoring may help shed light on action/outcome processing abnormalities reported in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, anosognosia for hemiplegia or major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gomez-Andres
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cunillera
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Angels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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The effect of action contingency on social perception is independent of person-like appearance and is related to deactivation of the frontal component of the self-agency network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17326. [PMID: 36243835 PMCID: PMC9568912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of object movement that is contingent on one's own actions (i.e., movements with action contingency) influences social perception of the object; such interactive objects tend to create a good impression. However, it remains unclear whether neural representation of action contingency is associated with subsequent socio-cognitive evaluation of "contacting agents", or whether the appearance of agents (e.g., face- or non-face-like avatars) is essential for this effect. In this study, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task with two phases: contact (contact with face- or non-face-like avatars moving contingently or non-contingently) and recognition (rating a static image of each avatar). Deactivation of the frontoparietal self-agency network and activation of the reward network were the main effects of action contingency during the contact phase, consistent with previous findings. During the recognition phase, static avatars that had previously moved in a contingent manner deactivated the frontal component of the frontoparietal network (bilateral insula and inferior-middle frontal gyri), regardless of person-like appearance. Our results imply that frontal deactivation may underlie the effect of action contingency on subsequent social perception, independent of person-like appearance.
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6
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Petrucci MN, Amundsen-Huffmaster S, Chung JW, Hsiao-Wecksler ET, MacKinnon CD. Can People with Parkinson's Disease Self-Trigger Gait Initiation? A Comparison of Cueing Strategies. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:607-619. [PMID: 34806616 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An external cue can markedly improve gait initiation in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is often used to overcome freezing of gait (FOG). It is unknown if the effects of external cueing are comparable if the imperative stimulus is triggered by the person receiving the cue (self-triggered) or an external source. OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of self- versus externally triggered cueing on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during gait initiation in people with PD. METHODS In experiment 1, 10 individuals with PD and FOG initiated gait without a cue or in response to a stimulus triggered by the experimenter or by the participant. Experiment 2 compared self- versus externally triggered cueing across three groups: healthy young adults (n = 16), healthy older adults (n = 11), and a group with PD (n = 10). RESULTS Experiment 1: Externally triggered cues significantly increased APA magnitudes compared to uncued stepping, but not when the same cue was self-triggered. Experiment 2: APAs were not significantly improved with a self-triggered cue compared to un-cued stepping in both the PD and healthy older adult groups, but the young adults showed a significant facilitation of APA magnitude. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of an external cue on gait initiation in people with PD and older adults is critically dependent upon whether the source of the trigger is endogenous (self-produced) or exogenous (externally-generated). These results may explain why cueing interventions that rely upon self-triggering of the stimulus are often ineffective in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Petrucci
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Hsiao-Wecksler
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Colum D MacKinnon
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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7
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Sheu YS, Desmond JE. Cerebro-Cerebellar Response to Sequence Violation in a Cognitive Task: an fMRI Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:73-85. [PMID: 34021492 PMCID: PMC8606618 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The phonological loop is part of Baddeley's verbal working memory (VWM) model that stores phonological information and refreshes its contents through an articulatory process. Many studies have reported the cerebellum's involvement during VWM tasks. In the motor literature, the cerebellum is thought to support smooth and rapid movement sequences through internal models that simulate the action of motor commands, then use the error signals generating from the discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences to adjust the motor system. Here, we hypothesize that a similar monitoring and error-driven adjustment process can be extended to VWM; specifically, the cerebellum checks for discrepancies between the predicted and actual articulatory process to ensure the accuracy and fluency of articulatory rehearsal. During neuroimaging, participants rehearsed a sequence of letters in sync with the presentation of a visual pacing stimulus (#) that was terminated by the occurrence of a probe letter. Participants judged whether the probe was the correct letter in the sequence (i.e., match trial), or deviated from the sequence (i.e., mismatch trial). Detection of sequence violation was not only associated with prolonged reaction time but also an increased activation in a left executive control network. Psychophysiological interaction was used to investigate whether the cerebellum interacts with the cerebral cortex for error monitoring and adjustments. We found increased functional connectivity between the right cerebellum and the cerebral cortex during mismatch relative to match probes, indicating sequence violation resulting in greater cerebellar connectivity with areas in the cerebral cortex involved in phonological sequencing.
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8
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Arikan BE, Voudouris D, Voudouri-Gertz H, Sommer J, Fiehler K. Reach-relevant somatosensory signals modulate activity in the tactile suppression network. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118000. [PMID: 33864902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory signals on a moving limb are typically suppressed. This results mainly from a predictive mechanism that generates an efference copy, and attenuates the predicted sensory consequences of that movement. Sensory feedback is, however, important for movement control. Behavioral studies show that the strength of suppression on a moving limb increases during somatosensory reaching, when reach-relevant somatosensory signals from the target limb can be additionally used to plan and guide the movement, leading to increased reliability of sensorimotor predictions. It is still unknown how this suppression is neurally implemented. In this fMRI study, participants reached to a somatosensory (static finger) or an external target (touch-screen) without vision. To probe suppression, participants detected brief vibrotactile stimuli on their moving finger shortly before reach onset. As expected, sensitivity to probes was reduced during reaching compared to baseline (resting), and this suppression was stronger during somatosensory than external reaching. BOLD activation associated with suppression was also modulated by the reach target: relative to baseline, processing of probes during somatosensory reaching led to distinct BOLD deactivations in somatosensory regions (postcentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus-SMG) whereas probes during external reaching led to deactivations in the cerebellum. In line with the behavioral results, we also found additional deactivations during somatosensory relative to external reaching in the supplementary motor area, a region linked with sensorimotor prediction. Somatosensory reaching was also linked with increased functional connectivity between the left SMG and the right parietal operculum along with the right anterior insula. We show that somatosensory processing on a moving limb is reduced when additional reach-relevant feedback signals from the target limb contribute to the movement, by down-regulating activation in regions associated with predictive and feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belkis Ezgi Arikan
- Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, D-35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Dimitris Voudouris
- Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, D-35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hanna Voudouri-Gertz
- Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, D-35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Sommer
- Core Facility Brain Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 9, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Fiehler
- Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel Str. 10F, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Donnier S, Kovács G, Oña LS, Bräuer J, Amici F. Experience has a limited effect on humans' ability to predict the outcome of social interactions in children, dogs and macaques. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21240. [PMID: 33277580 PMCID: PMC7718882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict others' behaviour represents a crucial mechanism which allows individuals to react faster and more appropriately. To date, several studies have investigated humans' ability to predict conspecifics' behaviour, but little is known on our ability to predict behaviour in other species. Here, we aimed to test humans' ability to predict social behaviour in dogs, macaques and humans, and assess the role played by experience and evolution on the emergence of this ability. For this purpose, we presented participants with short videoclips of real-life social interactions in dog, child and macaque dyads, and then asked them to predict the outcome of the observed interactions (i.e. aggressive, neutral or playful). Participants were selected according to their previous species-specific experience with dogs, children and non-human primates. Our results showed a limited effect of experience on the ability to predict the outcome of social interactions, which was mainly restricted to macaques. Moreover, we found no support to the co-domestication hypothesis, in that participants were not especially skilled at predicting dog behaviour. Finally, aggressive outcomes in dogs were predicted significantly worse than playful or neutral ones. Based on our findings, we suggest possible lines for future research, like the inclusion of other primate species and the assessment of cultural factors on the ability to predict behaviour across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Donnier
- Fundació UdG: Innovació I Formació, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Pic de Peguera 11, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Linda S Oña
- Max Planck Research Group 'Naturalistic Social Cognition', Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Bräuer
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Federica Amici
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Research Group "Primate Behavioural Ecology", Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Behavioral Ecology Research Group, University of Leipzig Faculty of Life Science, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Arikan BE, van Kemenade BM, Podranski K, Steinsträter O, Straube B, Kircher T. Perceiving your hand moving: BOLD suppression in sensory cortices and the role of the cerebellum in the detection of feedback delays. J Vis 2020; 19:4. [PMID: 31826249 DOI: 10.1167/19.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory consequences of self-generated as opposed to externally generated movements are perceived as less intense and lead to less neural activity in corresponding sensory cortices, presumably due to predictive mechanisms. Self-generated sensory inputs have been mostly studied in a single modality, using abstract feedback, with control conditions not differentiating efferent from reafferent feedback. Here we investigated the neural processing of (a) naturalistic action-feedback associations of (b) self-generated versus externally generated movements, and (c) how an additional (auditory) modality influences neural processing and detection of delays. Participants executed wrist movements using a passive movement device (PMD) as they watched their movements in real time or with variable delays (0-417 ms). The task was to judge whether there was a delay between the movement and its visual feedback. In the externally generated condition, movements were induced by the PMD to disentangle efferent from reafferent feedback. Half of the trials involved auditory beeps coupled to the onset of the visual feedback. We found reduced BOLD activity in visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas during self-generated compared with externally generated movements in unimodal and bimodal conditions. Anterior and posterior cerebellar areas were engaged for trials in which action-feedback delays were detected for self-generated movements. Specifically, the left cerebellar lobule IX was functionally connected with the right superior occipital gyrus. The results indicate efference copy-based predictive mechanisms specific to self-generated movements, leading to BOLD suppression in sensory areas. In addition, our results support the cerebellum's role in the detection of temporal prediction errors during our actions and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ezgi Arikan
- Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bianca M van Kemenade
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Podranski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core Facility Brain Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Steinsträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core Facility Brain Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Ohata R, Asai T, Kadota H, Shigemasu H, Ogawa K, Imamizu H. Sense of Agency Beyond Sensorimotor Process: Decoding Self-Other Action Attribution in the Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4076-4091. [PMID: 32188970 PMCID: PMC7264682 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of agency is defined as the subjective experience that "I" am the one who is causing the action. Theoretical studies postulate that this subjective experience is developed through multistep processes extending from the sensorimotor to the cognitive level. However, it remains unclear how the brain processes such different levels of information and constitutes the neural substrates for the sense of agency. To answer this question, we combined two strategies: an experimental paradigm, in which self-agency gradually evolves according to sensorimotor experience, and a multivoxel pattern analysis. The combined strategies revealed that the sensorimotor, posterior parietal, anterior insula, and higher visual cortices contained information on self-other attribution during movement. In addition, we investigated whether the found regions showed a preference for self-other attribution or for sensorimotor information. As a result, the right supramarginal gyrus, a portion of the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), was found to be the most sensitive to self-other attribution among the found regions, while the bilateral precentral gyri and left IPL dominantly reflected sensorimotor information. Our results demonstrate that multiple brain regions are involved in the development of the sense of agency and that these show specific preferences for different levels of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Ohata
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Asai
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadota
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shigemasu
- School of Information, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.,Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamizu
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
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12
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Ordin M, Polyanskaya L, Soto D. Neural bases of learning and recognition of statistical regularities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1467:60-76. [PMID: 31919870 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statistical learning is a set of cognitive mechanisms allowing for extracting regularities from the environment and segmenting continuous sensory input into discrete units. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (N = 25) in conjunction with an artificial language learning paradigm to provide new insight into the neural mechanisms of statistical learning, considering both the online process of extracting statistical regularities and the subsequent offline recognition of learned patterns. Notably, prior fMRI studies on statistical learning have not contrasted neural activation during the learning and recognition experimental phases. Here, we found that learning is supported by the superior temporal gyrus and the anterior cingulate gyrus, while subsequent recognition relied on the left inferior frontal gyrus. Besides, prior studies only assessed the brain response during the recognition of trained words relative to novel nonwords. Hence, a further key goal of this study was to understand how the brain supports recognition of discrete constituents from the continuous input versus recognition of mere statistical structure that is used to build new constituents that are statistically congruent with the ones from the input. Behaviorally, recognition performance indicated that statistically congruent novel tokens were less likely to be endorsed as parts of the familiar environment than discrete constituents. fMRI data showed that the left intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus support the recognition of old discrete constituents relative to novel statistically congruent items, likely reflecting an additional contribution from memory representations for trained items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Ordin
- BCBL - Basque Centre on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Leona Polyanskaya
- BCBL - Basque Centre on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Soto
- BCBL - Basque Centre on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Patel S, Gao L, Wang S, Gou C, Manes J, Robin DA, Larson CR. Comparison of volitional opposing and following responses across speakers with different vocal histories. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:4244. [PMID: 31893753 PMCID: PMC7043849 DOI: 10.1121/1.5134769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that people who are instructed to volitionally respond to pitch-shifted feedback either produce responses that follow the shift direction with a short latency of 100-200 ms or oppose the shift direction with longer latencies of 300-400 ms. This difference in response latencies prompted a comparison of three groups of vocalists with differing abilities, non-trained English-speaking subjects, non-trained Mandarin-speaking subjects, and trained English-speaking singers. All subjects produced short latency following responses and long latency opposing responses, and in most cases the opposing responses were preceded by a shorter latency following response. Across groups, the magnitudes of the opposing and following responses were largest for the Mandarin speakers. Singers produced the smallest opposing response magnitudes, suggesting differences in the pitch goals of the two groups. Opposing response latencies were longest for the English and Mandarin speaking subjects and shortest for the trained singers, demonstrating that musical training increases the speed of producing the opposing responses. The presence of similar latencies of small following responses preceding larger opposing responses in all groups suggests that the tendency to mimic changes in sounds to which a person is attending are not influenced by vocal training or experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Patel
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, 340 Kingsland Street, Building 123, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
| | - Li Gao
- Northwestern University, Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Room 3-247, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2952, USA
| | - Sophie Wang
- Northwestern University, Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Room 3-247, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2952, USA
| | - Christine Gou
- Northwestern University, Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Room 3-247, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2952, USA
| | - Jordan Manes
- Northwestern University, Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Room 3-247, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2952, USA
| | - Donald A Robin
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Hewitt Hall, Room 153, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Charles R Larson
- Northwestern University, Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Room 3-247, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2952, USA
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14
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Di Nota PM, Huhta JM. Complex Motor Learning and Police Training: Applied, Cognitive, and Clinical Perspectives. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1797. [PMID: 31440184 PMCID: PMC6692711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The practices surrounding police training of complex motor skills, including the use of force, varies greatly around the world, and even over the course of an officer’s career. As the nature of policing changes with society and the advancement of science and technology, so should the training practices that officers undertake at both central (i.e., police academy basic recruit training) and local (i.e., individual agency or precinct) levels. The following review is intended to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and applied practice to inform best practices for training complex motor skills that are unique and critical to law enforcement, including the use of lethal force. We begin by providing a basic understanding of the fundamental cognitive processes underlying motor learning, from novel skill acquisition to complex behaviors including situational awareness, and decision-making that precede and inform action. Motor learning, memory, and perception are then discussed within the context of occupationally relevant stress, with a review of evidence-based training practices that promote officer performance and physiological responses to stress during high-stakes encounters. A lack of applied research identifying the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor learning in police is inferred from a review of evidence from various clinical populations suffering from disorders of cognitive and motor systems, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease and stroke. We conclude this review by identifying practical, organizational, and systemic challenges to implementing evidence-based practices in policing and provide recommendations for best practices that will promote training effectiveness and occupational safety of end-users (i.e., police trainers and officers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Di Nota
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Office of Applied Research & Graduate Studies, Justice Institute of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC, Canada
| | - Juha-Matti Huhta
- Police University College, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Education, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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15
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Activity of the inferior parietal cortex is modulated by visual feedback delay in the robot hand illusion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10030. [PMID: 31296914 PMCID: PMC6624271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The robot hand illusion (RoHI) is the perception of self-ownership and self-agency of a virtual (robot) hand that moves consistently with one's own. The phenomenon shows that self-attribution can be established via temporal integration of visual and movement information. Our previous study showed that participants felt significantly greater RoHI (sense of self-ownership and sense of self-agency) when visuomotor temporal discrepancies were less than 200 ms. A weaker RoHI effect (sense of self-agency only) was observed when temporal discrepancies were between 300 and 500 ms. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate brain activity associated with the RoHI under different visual feedback delays (100 ms, 400 ms, 700 ms). We found that the angular and supramarginal gyri exhibited significant activation in the 100-ms feedback condition. ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the 100-ms condition and the other conditions (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that activity in the posterior parietal cortex was modulated by the delay between the motor command and the visual feedback of the virtual hand movements. Thus, we propose that the inferior parietal cortex is essential for integrating motor and visual information to distinguish one's own body from others.
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16
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Neural responses to action contingency error in different cortical areas are attributable to forward prediction or sensory processing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9847. [PMID: 31285501 PMCID: PMC6614391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The contingency of sensory feedback to one’s actions is essential for the sense of agency, and experimental violation of this contingency is a standard paradigm in the neuroscience of self-awareness and schizophrenia. However, neural responses to this violation have arbitrarily been interpreted either as activation of the system generating forward prediction (agency-error account) or decreased suppression of processing of predictable input (prediction-error account). In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, the regions responsive to auditory contingency errors were examined if they exhibited responses to an isolated auditory stimulus and to passive-contingency delay, which the prediction-error account expects. These responses were observed only in the auditory association cortex in the right superior temporal gyrus. Several multimodal and motor-association cortices did not exhibit these responses, suggesting their relevance to the agency-error account. Thus, we formulated the coexistence and dissociation of two accounts in neural contingency-error responses.
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17
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Lee WH, Doucet GE, Leibu E, Frangou S. Resting-state network connectivity and metastability predict clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:208-216. [PMID: 29709491 PMCID: PMC6317903 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional architecture of resting-state networks (RSNs) is defined by their connectivity and metastability. Disrupted RSN connectivity has been amply demonstrated in schizophrenia while the role of metastability remains poorly defined. Here, we undertake a comprehensive characterisation of RSN organization in schizophrenia and test its contribution to the clinical profile of this disorder. METHODS We extracted RSNs representing the default mode (DMN), central executive (CEN), salience (SAL), language (LAN), sensorimotor (SMN), auditory (AN) and visual (VN) networks from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from patients with schizophrenia (n = 85) and healthy individuals (n = 48). For each network, we computed its functional cohesiveness and integration and used the Kuramoto order parameter to compute metastability. We used stepwise multiple regression analyses to test these RSN features as predictors of symptom severity in patients. RESULTS RSN features respectively explained 14%, 17%, 12% and 5% of the variance in positive, negative, anxious/depressive and agitation/disorganization symptoms. Lower functional integration between the DMN, CEN and SMN primarily contributed to positive symptoms. The functional properties of the SAL network were key predictors of all other symptom dimensions; specifically, lower cohesiveness of the SAL, lower integration of this network with the LAN and higher integration with the CEN respectively contributed to negative, anxious/depressive and disorganization symptoms. Increased SAL metastability was associated with negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the primacy of the SAL network for schizophrenia and demonstrate that abnormalities in RSN connectivity and metastability are significant predictors of schizophrenia-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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18
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Scheerer NE, Jones JA. The Role of Auditory Feedback at Vocalization Onset and Mid-Utterance. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2019. [PMID: 30459679 PMCID: PMC6232907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory feedback plays an important role in monitoring and correcting for errors during speech production. Previous research suggests that at vocalization onset, auditory feedback is compared to a sensory prediction generated by the motor system to ensure the desired fundamental frequency (F0) is produced. After vocalization onset, auditory feedback is compared to the most recently perceived F0 in order to stabilize the vocalization. This study aimed to further investigate whether after vocalization onset, auditory feedback is used strictly to stabilize speakers’ F0, or if it is also influenced by the sensory prediction generated by the motor system. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded while participants produced vocalizations and heard the F0 of their auditory feedback perturbed suddenly mid-utterance by half a semitone. For half of the vocalizations, at vocalization onset, participants’ F0 was also raised by half a semitone. Thus, half of the perturbations occurred while participants heard their unaltered auditory feedback, and the other half occurred in auditory feedback that had also been perturbed 50 cents at vocalization onset. If after vocalization onset auditory feedback is strictly used to stabilize speakers’ F0, then similarly sized vocal and ERP responses would be expected across all trials, regardless of whether the perturbation occurred while listening to altered or unaltered auditory feedback. Results indicate that the perturbations to the participants’ unaltered auditory feedback resulted in larger vocal and N1 and P2 ERP responses than perturbations to their altered auditory feedback. These results suggest that after vocalization onset auditory feedback is not strictly used to stabilize speakers’ F0, but is also used to ensure the desired F0 is produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole E Scheerer
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Department of Psychology, Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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19
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Watsky RE, Gotts SJ, Berman RA, McAdams HM, Zhou X, Greenstein D, Lalonde FM, Gochman P, Clasen LS, Shora L, Ordóñez AE, Gogtay N, Martin A, Barch DM, Rapoport JL, Liu S. Attenuated resting-state functional connectivity in patients with childhood- and adult-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:219-225. [PMID: 29310911 PMCID: PMC6035109 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a rare, severe form of the adult-onset disorder (AOS). Our previous resting-state fMRI study identified attenuated functional connectivity in COS compared with controls. Here, we ask whether COS and AOS patients and their siblings exhibit similar abnormalities of functional connectivity. METHODS A whole-brain, data-driven approach was used to assess resting-state functional connectivity differences in COS (patients/siblings/controls, n: 26/28/33) and AOS (n: 19/28/30). There were no significant differences in age, sex, or head motion across groups in each dataset and as designed, the COS dataset has a significantly lower age than the AOS. RESULTS Both COS and AOS patients showed decreased functional connectivity relative to controls among a wide set of brain regions (P<0.05, corrected), but their siblings did not. Decreased connectivity in COS and AOS patients showed no amplitude differences and was not modulated by age-at-onset or medication doses. Cluster analysis revealed that these regions fell into two large-scale networks: one sensorimotor network and one centered on default-mode network regions, but including higher-order cognitive areas only in COS. Decreased connectivity between these two networks was notable (P<0.05, corrected) for both patient groups. CONCLUSIONS A shared pattern of attenuated functional connectivity was found in COS and AOS, supporting the continuity of childhood-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia. Connections were altered between sensorimotor areas and default-mode areas in both COS and AOS, suggesting potential abnormalities in processes of self-monitoring and sensory prediction. The absence of substantial dysconnectivity in siblings indicates that attenuation is state-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Watsky
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Stephen J. Gotts
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Rebecca A. Berman
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Harrison M. McAdams
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Dede Greenstein
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Francois M. Lalonde
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Peter Gochman
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Liv S. Clasen
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Lorie Shora
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Anna E. Ordóñez
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Nitin Gogtay
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, USA 63130
| | - Judith L. Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Shimizu RE, Wu AD, Samra JK, Knowlton BJ. The impact of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on learning fine-motor sequences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0050. [PMID: 27872369 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has been shown to be important for skill learning, including the learning of motor sequences. We investigated whether cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would enhance learning of fine motor sequences. Because the ability to generalize or transfer to novel task variations or circumstances is a crucial goal of real world training, we also examined the effect of tDCS on performance of novel sequences after training. In Study 1, participants received either anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation while simultaneously practising three eight-element key press sequences in a non-repeating, interleaved order. Immediately after sequence practice with concurrent tDCS, a transfer session was given in which participants practised three interleaved novel sequences. No stimulation was given during transfer. An inhibitory effect of cathodal tDCS was found during practice, such that the rate of learning was slowed in comparison to the anodal and sham groups. In Study 2, participants received anodal or sham stimulation and a 24 h delay was added between the practice and transfer sessions to reduce mental fatigue. Although this consolidation period benefitted subsequent transfer for both tDCS groups, anodal tDCS enhanced transfer performance. Together, these studies demonstrate polarity-specific effects on fine motor sequence learning and generalization.This article is part of the themed issue 'New frontiers for statistical learning in the cognitive sciences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Shimizu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Allan D Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jasmine K Samra
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barbara J Knowlton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Abstract
Contagious yawning—the urge to yawn when thinking about, listening to, or viewing yawning—is a well-documented phenomenon in humans and animals. The reduced yawn contagion observed in the autistic population suggested that it might be empathy related; however, it is unknown whether such a connection applies to nonclinical populations. We examined influences from both empathy (i.e., autistic traits) and nonempathy factors (i.e., individuals’ perceptual detection sensitivity to yawning, happy, and angry faces) on 41 nonclinical adults. We induced contagious yawning with a 5-minute video and 20 yawning photo stimuli. In addition, we measured participants’ autistic traits (with the autism-spectrum quotient questionnaire), eye gaze patterns, and their perceptual thresholds to detect yawning and emotion in human face photos. We found two factors associated with yawning contagion: (a) those more sensitive to detect yawning, but not other emotional expressions, displayed more contagious yawning than those less sensitive to yawning expressions, and (b) female participants exhibited significantly more contagious yawning than male participants. We did not find an association between autistic trait and contagious yawning. Our study offers a working hypothesis for future studies, in that perceptual encoding of yawning interacts with susceptibility to contagious yawning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Huei Tseng
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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22
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David N, Skoruppa S, Gulberti A, Schultz J, Engel AK. The Sense of Agency Is More Sensitive to Manipulations of Outcome than Movement-Related Feedback Irrespective of Sensory Modality. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161156. [PMID: 27536948 PMCID: PMC4990337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of agency describes the ability to experience oneself as the agent of one's own actions. Previous studies of the sense of agency manipulated the predicted sensory feedback related either to movement execution or to the movement's outcome, for example by delaying the movement of a virtual hand or the onset of a tone that resulted from a button press. Such temporal sensorimotor discrepancies reduce the sense of agency. It remains unclear whether movement-related feedback is processed differently than outcome-related feedback in terms of agency experience, especially if these types of feedback differ with respect to sensory modality. We employed a mixed-reality setup, in which participants tracked their finger movements by means of a virtual hand. They performed a single tap, which elicited a sound. The temporal contingency between the participants' finger movements and (i) the movement of the virtual hand or (ii) the expected auditory outcome was systematically varied. In a visual control experiment, the tap elicited a visual outcome. For each feedback type and participant, changes in the sense of agency were quantified using a forced-choice paradigm and the Method of Constant Stimuli. Participants were more sensitive to delays of outcome than to delays of movement execution. This effect was very similar for visual or auditory outcome delays. Our results indicate different contributions of movement- versus outcome-related sensory feedback to the sense of agency, irrespective of the modality of the outcome. We propose that this differential sensitivity reflects the behavioral importance of assessing authorship of the outcome of an action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole David
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Skoruppa
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Gulberti
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schultz
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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VanDoorn GH, Richardson BL, Wuillemin DB, Symmons MA. Active and Passive Movements Give Rise to Different Judgments of Coldness. Perception 2016; 35:573-5. [PMID: 16700297 DOI: 10.1068/p5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
When the right index fingertip of twelve subjects was moved across a cold (15°C) tile by a machine (passive-guided condition), the subjects rated the temperature of the tile as being colder than when they moved the finger across the stimulus themselves (active condition). Results confirmed that active movements were associated with an attenuation of ‘coldness’. When these findings are considered alongside those of earlier experiments (see VanDoorn et al, 2005 Perception34 231–236), it may be concluded that intentionality of movement plays some role in this attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H VanDoorn
- Bionics and Cognitive Science Centre, School of Humanities Communications and Social Sciences, Monash University, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia.
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24
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VanDoorn GH, Richardson BL, Wuillemin DB, Symmons MA. Modification of Magnitude Estimations in Thermotactile Perception during Self-Generated and Externally Generated Movements. Perception 2016; 34:231-5. [PMID: 15832572 DOI: 10.1068/p5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen participants felt a ‘cold’ stimulus move across a fingertip. When movement was self-controlled, the stimulus was reported as feeling less ‘cold’ than when movement was externally generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H VanDoorn
- Cognitive Science, School of Humanities Communications and Social Sciences, Monash University, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia.
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25
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Di Nota PM, Levkov G, Bar R, DeSouza JFX. Lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) activity is greatest while viewing dance compared to visualization and movement: learning and expertise effects. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2007-2023. [PMID: 26960739 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) is comprised of subregions selectively activated by images of human bodies (extrastriate body area, EBA), objects (lateral occipital complex, LO), and motion (MT+). However, their role in motor imagery and movement processing is unclear, as are the influences of learning and expertise on its recruitment. The purpose of our study was to examine putative changes in LOTC activation during action processing following motor learning of novel choreography in professional ballet dancers. Subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging up to four times over 34 weeks and performed four tasks: viewing and visualizing a newly learned ballet dance, visualizing a dance that was not being learned, and movement of the foot. EBA, LO, and MT+ were activated most while viewing dance compared to visualization and movement. Significant increases in activation were observed over time in left LO only during visualization of the unlearned dance, and all subregions were activated bilaterally during the viewing task after 34 weeks of performance, suggesting learning-induced plasticity. Finally, we provide novel evidence for modulation of EBA with dance experience during the motor task, with significant activation elicited in a comparison group of novice dancers only. These results provide a composite of LOTC activation during action processing of newly learned ballet choreography and movement of the foot. The role of these areas is confirmed as primarily subserving observation of complex sequences of whole-body movement, with new evidence for modification by experience and over the course of real world ballet learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Di Nota
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gabriella Levkov
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Bar
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canada's National Ballet School, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph F X DeSouza
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. .,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Schröger E, Marzecová A, SanMiguel I. Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:641-64. [PMID: 25728182 PMCID: PMC4402002 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that facilitates the processing of relevant information and inhibits the processing of irrelevant information. Prediction is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that considers prior information when interpreting the sensorial input. Although both (attention and prediction) aid perception, they are rarely considered together. Auditory attention typically yields enhanced brain activity, whereas auditory prediction often results in attenuated brain responses. However, when strongly predicted sounds are omitted, brain responses to silence resemble those elicited by sounds. Studies jointly investigating attention and prediction revealed that these different mechanisms may interact, e.g. attention may magnify the processing differences between predicted and unpredicted sounds. Following the predictive coding theory, we suggest that prediction relates to predictions sent down from predictive models housed in higher levels of the processing hierarchy to lower levels and attention refers to gain modulation of the prediction error signal sent up to the higher level. As predictions encode contents and confidence in the sensory data, and as gain can be modulated by the intention of the listener and by the predictability of the input, various possibilities for interactions between attention and prediction can be unfolded. From this perspective, the traditional distinction between bottom-up/exogenous and top-down/endogenous driven attention can be revisited and the classic concepts of attentional gain and attentional trace can be integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schröger
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Marzecová
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iria SanMiguel
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Bzdok D, Heeger A, Langner R, Laird AR, Fox PT, Palomero-Gallagher N, Vogt BA, Zilles K, Eickhoff SB. Subspecialization in the human posterior medial cortex. Neuroimage 2014; 106:55-71. [PMID: 25462801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior medial cortex (PMC) is particularly poorly understood. Its neural activity changes have been related to highly disparate mental processes. We therefore investigated PMC properties with a data-driven exploratory approach. First, we subdivided the PMC by whole-brain coactivation profiles. Second, functional connectivity of the ensuing PMC regions was compared by task-constrained meta-analytic coactivation mapping (MACM) and task-unconstrained resting-state correlations (RSFC). Third, PMC regions were functionally described by forward/reverse functional inference. A precuneal cluster was mostly connected to the intraparietal sulcus, frontal eye fields, and right temporo-parietal junction; associated with attention and motor tasks. A ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) cluster was mostly connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and middle left inferior parietal cortex (IPC); associated with facial appraisal and language tasks. A dorsal PCC cluster was mostly connected to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior IPC, posterior midcingulate cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; associated with delay discounting. A cluster in the retrosplenial cortex was mostly connected to the anterior thalamus and hippocampus. Furthermore, all PMC clusters were congruently coupled with the default mode network according to task-unconstrained but not task-constrained connectivity. We thus identified distinct regions in the PMC and characterized their neural networks and functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Bzdok
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian Heeger
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Brent A Vogt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cingulum NeuroSciences Institute and Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Zhang S, Hu S, Bednarski SR, Erdman E, Li CSR. Error-related functional connectivity of the thalamus in cocaine dependence. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:585-92. [PMID: 24936409 PMCID: PMC4053644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Error processing is a critical component of cognitive control, an executive function that has been widely implicated in substance misuse. In previous studies we showed that error related activations of the thalamus predicted relapse to drug use in cocaine addicted individuals (Luo et al., 2013). Here, we investigated whether the error-related functional connectivity of the thalamus is altered in cocaine dependent patients (PCD, n = 54) as compared to demographically matched healthy individuals (HC, n = 54). The results of a generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis showed negative thalamic connectivity with the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), in the area of perigenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, in HC but not PCD (p < 0.05, corrected, two-sample t test). This difference in functional connectivity was not observed for task-residual signals, suggesting that it is specific to task-related processes during cognitive control. Further, the thalamic-vmPFC connectivity is positively correlated with the amount of cocaine use in the prior month for female but not for male PCD. These findings add to recent literature and provide additional evidence for circuit-level biomarkers of cocaine dependence. Error-related thalamic-vmPFC connectivity is altered in cocaine misuse. This altered connectivity is associated with impaired self control. This deficit is associated with recent cocaine use in women but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sarah R Bednarski
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Emily Erdman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA ; Inter-departmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA ; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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van Vugt FT, Tillmann B. Thresholds of auditory-motor coupling measured with a simple task in musicians and non-musicians: was the sound simultaneous to the key press? PLoS One 2014; 9:e87176. [PMID: 24498299 PMCID: PMC3911931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is able to predict the sensory effects of its actions. But how precise are these predictions? The present research proposes a tool to measure thresholds between a simple action (keystroke) and a resulting sound. On each trial, participants were required to press a key. Upon each keystroke, a woodblock sound was presented. In some trials, the sound came immediately with the downward keystroke; at other times, it was delayed by a varying amount of time. Participants were asked to verbally report whether the sound came immediately or was delayed. Participants' delay detection thresholds (in msec) were measured with a staircase-like procedure. We hypothesised that musicians would have a lower threshold than non-musicians. Comparing pianists and brass players, we furthermore hypothesised that, as a result of a sharper attack of the timbre of their instrument, pianists might have lower thresholds than brass players. Our results show that non-musicians exhibited higher thresholds for delay detection (180±104 ms) than the two groups of musicians (102±65 ms), but there were no differences between pianists and brass players. The variance in delay detection thresholds could be explained by variance in sensorimotor synchronisation capacities as well as variance in a purely auditory temporal irregularity detection measure. This suggests that the brain's capacity to generate temporal predictions of sensory consequences can be decomposed into general temporal prediction capacities together with auditory-motor coupling. These findings indicate that the brain has a relatively large window of integration within which an action and its resulting effect are judged as simultaneous. Furthermore, musical expertise may narrow this window down, potentially due to a more refined temporal prediction. This novel paradigm provides a simple test to estimate the temporal precision of auditory-motor action-effect coupling, and the paradigm can readily be incorporated in studies investigating both healthy and patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris T. van Vugt
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, CNRS-UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Auditory Cognition and Psychoacoustics Team, CNRS-UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
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Ide JS, Zhang S, Hu S, Sinha R, Mazure CM, Li CSR. Cerebral gray matter volumes and low-frequency fluctuation of BOLD signals in cocaine dependence: duration of use and gender difference. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:51-62. [PMID: 24090712 PMCID: PMC3865077 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging has provided a wealth of information on altered brain activations and structures in individuals addicted to cocaine. However, few studies have considered the influence of age and alcohol use on these changes. METHODS We examined gray matter volume with voxel based morphometry (VBM) and low frequency fluctuation (LFF) of BOLD signals as a measure of cerebral activity of 84 cocaine dependent (CD) and 86 healthy control (HC) subjects. We performed a covariance analysis to account for the effects of age and years of alcohol use. RESULTS Compared to HC, CD individuals showed decreased gray matter (GM) volumes in frontal and temporal cortices, middle/posterior cingulate cortex, and the cerebellum, at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. The GM volume of the bilateral superior frontal gyri (SFG) and cingulate cortices were negatively correlated with years of cocaine use, with women showing a steeper loss in the right SFG in association with duration of use. In contrast, the right ventral putamen showed increased GM volume in CD as compared to HC individuals. Compared to HC, CD individuals showed increased fractional amplitude of LFF (fALFF) in the thalamus, with no significant overlap with regions showing GM volume loss. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that chronic cocaine use is associated with distinct changes in cerebral structure and activity that can be captured by GM volume and fALFF of BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP 12231, Brazil
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Saupe K, Widmann A, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Schröger E. Sensorial suppression of self-generated sounds and its dependence on attention. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:300-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Van Doorn G, Hohwy J, Symmons M. Can you tickle yourself if you swap bodies with someone else? Conscious Cogn 2013; 23:1-11. [PMID: 24270589 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the body transfer illusion on the perceived strength of self- and externally-generated "tickle" sensations was investigated. As expected, externally generated movement produced significantly higher ratings of tickliness than those associated with self-generated movements. Surprisingly, the body transfer illusion had no influence on the ratings of tickliness, suggesting that highly surprising, and therefore hard to predict, experiences of body image and first-person perspective do not abolish the attenuation of tickle sensations. In addition, evidence was found that a version of the rubber hand illusion exists within the body transfer illusion. We situate our findings within the larger debate over sensory attenuation: (1) there is an attenuation of prediction errors that depends upon the context in which sensory input is predicted (i.e., efference copy), and (2) sensory attenuation is a necessary consequence of self-generated movement irrespective of context (i.e., active inference). The results support the notion of active inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Van Doorn
- School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia.
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Mark Symmons
- School of Applied Media and Social Sciences, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia.
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Kawachi Y, Matsue Y, Shibata M, Imaizumi O, Gyoba J. Auditory startle reflex inhibited by preceding self-action. Psychophysiology 2013; 51:97-102. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Kawachi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute; Tohoku Fukushi University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsue
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute; Tohoku Fukushi University; Sendai Japan
| | - Michiaki Shibata
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute; Tohoku Fukushi University; Sendai Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Imaizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute; Tohoku Fukushi University; Sendai Japan
| | - Jiro Gyoba
- Department of Psychology; Graduate School of Arts and Letters; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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Age-related changes in motor imagery from early childhood to adulthood: Probing the internal representation of speed-accuracy trade-offs. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:1151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Chen Z, Jones JA, Liu P, Li W, Huang D, Liu H. Dynamics of vocalization-induced modulation of auditory cortical activity at mid-utterance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60039. [PMID: 23555876 PMCID: PMC3610706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has addressed the suppression of cortical sensory responses to altered auditory feedback that occurs at utterance onset regarding speech. However, there is reason to assume that the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor processing at mid-utterance are different than those involved in sensorimotor control at utterance onset. The present study attempted to examine the dynamics of event-related potentials (ERPs) to different acoustic versions of auditory feedback at mid-utterance. Methodology/Principal findings Subjects produced a vowel sound while hearing their pitch-shifted voice (100 cents), a sum of their vocalization and pure tones, or a sum of their vocalization and white noise at mid-utterance via headphones. Subjects also passively listened to playback of what they heard during active vocalization. Cortical ERPs were recorded in response to different acoustic versions of feedback changes during both active vocalization and passive listening. The results showed that, relative to passive listening, active vocalization yielded enhanced P2 responses to the 100 cents pitch shifts, whereas suppression effects of P2 responses were observed when voice auditory feedback was distorted by pure tones or white noise. Conclusion/Significance The present findings, for the first time, demonstrate a dynamic modulation of cortical activity as a function of the quality of acoustic feedback at mid-utterance, suggesting that auditory cortical responses can be enhanced or suppressed to distinguish self-produced speech from externally-produced sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jeffery A. Jones
- Department of Psychology and Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanjun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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36
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Sanmiguel I, Todd J, Schröger E. Sensory suppression effects to self-initiated sounds reflect the attenuation of the unspecific N1 component of the auditory ERP. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:334-43. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iria Sanmiguel
- Institute for Psychology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig; Germany
| | | | - Erich Schröger
- Institute for Psychology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig; Germany
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Knolle F, Schröger E, Kotz SA. Prediction errors in self- and externally-generated deviants. Biol Psychol 2012; 92:410-6. [PMID: 23246535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sounds generated by one's own action elicit attenuated brain responses compared to brain responses to identical sounds that are externally-generated. The present study tested whether the suppression effect indexed by the N1- and P2-components of the event-related potential (ERP) is larger when self-generated sounds are correctly predicted than when they are not. Furthermore, sounds violating a prediction lead to a particular prediction error signal (i.e., N2b, P3a). Thus, we tested whether these error signals increase for self-generated sounds (i.e., enhanced N2b, P3a). We compared ERPs elicited by self- and externally-generated sounds that were of frequent standard and of infrequent deviant pitch. The results confirmed an N1- and P2-suppression effect elicited by self-generated standard sounds. The N1-suppression was smaller in response to self-initiated deviant sounds, indicating the specificity of predictions for self-generated sounds. In addition, an enhancement of N2b and P3a for self-generated deviants revealed the saliency of prediction error signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Knolle
- Research Group Subcortical Contributions to Comprehension, Dept of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute of Human Cognition and Brain Science, Leipzig, Germany.
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38
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Weiss C, Schütz-Bosbach S. Vicarious action preparation does not result in sensory attenuation of auditory action effects. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1654-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Giménez M, Pujol J, Ortiz H, Soriano-Mas C, López-Solà M, Farré M, Deus J, Merlo-Pich E, Martín-Santos R. Altered brain functional connectivity in relation to perception of scrutiny in social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2012; 202:214-23. [PMID: 22809740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the fear of being scrutinized by others in a social context is a key symptom in social anxiety disorder (SAD), the neural processes underlying the perception of scrutiny have not previously been studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We used fMRI to map brain activation during a perception-of-scrutiny task in 20 SAD patients and 20 controls. A multi-dimensional analytic approach was used. Scrutiny perception was mediated by activation of the medial frontal cortex, insula-operculum region and cerebellum, and the additional recruitment of visual areas and the thalamus in patients. Between-group comparison demonstrated significantly enhanced brain activation in patients in the primary visual cortex and cerebellum. Functional connectivity mapping demonstrated an abnormal connectivity between regions underlying general arousal and attention. SAD patients showed significantly greater task-induced functional connectivity in the thalamo-cortical and the fronto-striatal circuits. A statistically significant increase in task-induced functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and scrutiny-perception-related regions was observed in the SAD patients, suggesting the existence of enhanced behavior-inhibitory control. The presented data indicate that scrutiny perception in SAD enhances brain activity in arousal-attention systems, suggesting that fMRI may be a useful tool to explore such a behavioral dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Giménez
- Institut d'Alta Tecnologia-PRBB, CRC-Mar, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Chen Z, Chen X, Liu P, Huang D, Liu H. Effect of temporal predictability on the neural processing of self-triggered auditory stimulation during vocalization. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:55. [PMID: 22646514 PMCID: PMC3444957 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory consequences of our own actions are perceived differently from the sensory stimuli that are generated externally. The present event-related potential (ERP) study examined the neural responses to self-triggered stimulation relative to externally-triggered stimulation as a function of delays between the motor act and the stimulus onset. While sustaining a vowel phonation, subjects clicked a mouse and heard pitch-shift stimuli (PSS) in voice auditory feedback at delays of either 0 ms (predictable) or 500-1000 ms (unpredictable). The motor effect resulting from the mouse click was corrected in the data analyses. For the externally-triggered condition, PSS were delivered by a computer with a delay of 500-1000 ms after the vocal onset. RESULTS As compared to unpredictable externally-triggered PSS, P2 responses to predictable self-triggered PSS were significantly suppressed, whereas an enhancement effect for P2 responses was observed when the timing of self-triggered PSS was unpredictable. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the effect of the temporal predictability of stimulus delivery with respect to the motor act on the neural responses to self-triggered stimulation. Responses to self-triggered stimulation were suppressed or enhanced compared with the externally-triggered stimulation when the timing of stimulus delivery was predictable or unpredictable. Enhancement effect of unpredictable self-triggered stimulation in the present study supports the idea that sensory suppression of self-produced action may be primarily caused by an accurate prediction of stimulus timing, rather than a movement-related non-specific suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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41
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McNealy K, Mazziotta JC, Dapretto M. Age and experience shape developmental changes in the neural basis of language-related learning. Dev Sci 2011; 14:1261-82. [PMID: 22010887 PMCID: PMC3717169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known about the neural underpinnings of language learning across the lifespan and how these might be modified by maturational and experiential factors. Building on behavioral research highlighting the importance of early word segmentation (i.e. the detection of word boundaries in continuous speech) for subsequent language learning, here we characterize developmental changes in brain activity as this process occurs online, using data collected in a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design. One hundred and fifty-six participants, ranging from age 5 to adulthood, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to three novel streams of continuous speech, which contained either strong statistical regularities, strong statistical regularities and speech cues, or weak statistical regularities providing minimal cues to word boundaries. All age groups displayed significant signal increases over time in temporal cortices for the streams with high statistical regularities; however, we observed a significant right-to-left shift in the laterality of these learning-related increases with age. Interestingly, only the 5- to 10-year-old children displayed significant signal increases for the stream with low statistical regularities, suggesting an age-related decrease in sensitivity to more subtle statistical cues. Further, in a sample of 78 10-year-olds, we examined the impact of proficiency in a second language and level of pubertal development on learning-related signal increases, showing that the brain regions involved in language learning are influenced by both experiential and maturational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin McNealy
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- FPR Center for Culture, Brain, and Development, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John C. Mazziotta
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Radiological Sciences in the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Radiological Sciences in the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Salomon R, Szpiro-Grinberg S, Lamy D. Self-motion holds a special status in visual processing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24347. [PMID: 21998629 PMCID: PMC3187743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agency plays an important role in self-recognition from motion. Here, we investigated whether our own movements benefit from preferential processing even when the task is unrelated to self-recognition, and does not involve agency judgments. Participants searched for a moving target defined by its known shape among moving distractors, while continuously moving the computer mouse with one hand. They thereby controlled the motion of one item, which was randomly either the target or any of the distractors, while the other items followed pre-recorded motion pathways. Performance was more accurate and less prone to degradation as set size increased when the target was the self-controlled item. An additional experiment confirmed that participant-controlled motion was not physically more salient than motion recorded offline. We found no evidence that self-controlled items captured attention. Taken together, these results suggest that visual events are perceived more accurately when they are the consequences of our actions, even when self-motion is task irrelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Salomon
- Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Changeux JP, Lou HC. Emergent pharmacology of conscious experience: new perspectives in substance addiction. FASEB J 2011; 25:2098-108. [PMID: 21719514 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-0702ufm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We here review experimental findings relevant for the pharmacology of conscious experience, an issue largely neglected in pharmacological research. First, we focus on self-awareness, a pivotal component of conscious experience and its integration within the global neuronal network (GNW), a theoretical concept that unifies convergent approaches on the neural bases of conscious processing. We report recent evidence to show that self-awareness mobilizes a paralimbic circuitry of γ synchrony, and that such synchrony is, in particular, regulated by GABA interneurons under the control of acetylcholine and dopamine. Recent data illustrate that these neurotransmitters establish a causal relationship with the control of self-awareness. The hypothesis is presented that not only is self-awareness chemically regulated, but the reverse may be true. Long-term deficit in self-control of drug intake would result in compulsive substance use, accompanied, in particular, with lesions of the paralimbic circuitry of self-awareness, leading to aggravation of substance abuse, resulting in addiction in a vicious circle. Finally, we propose that the emergent pharmacology of conscious experience may provide new perspectives, not only in substance addiction but also in the many other pathological conditions with deficient self-awareness.
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Weiss C, Herwig A, Schütz-Bosbach S. The self in action effects: selective attenuation of self-generated sounds. Cognition 2011; 121:207-18. [PMID: 21784422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immediate experience of self-agency, that is, the experience of generating and controlling our actions, is thought to be a key aspect of selfhood. It has been suggested that this experience is intimately linked to internal motor signals associated with the ongoing actions. These signals should lead to an attenuation of the sensory consequences of one's own actions and thereby allow classifying them as self-generated. The discovery of shared representations of actions between self and other, however, challenges this idea and suggests similar attenuation of one's own and other's sensory action effects. Here, we tested these assumptions by comparing sensory attenuation of self-generated and observed sensory effects. More specifically, we compared the loudness perception of sounds that were either self-generated, generated by another person or a computer. In two experiments, we found a reduced perception of loudness intensity specifically related to self-generation. Furthermore, the perception of sounds generated by another person and a computer did not differ from each other. These findings indicate that one's own agentive influence upon the outside world has a special perceptual quality which distinguishes it from any sort of external influence, including human and non-human sources. This suggests that a real sense of self-agency is not a socially shared but rather a unique and private experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Rong F, Holroyd T, Husain FT, Contreras-Vidal JL, Horwitz B. Task-specific modulation of human auditory evoked response in a delayed-match-to-sample task. Front Psychol 2011; 2:85. [PMID: 21687454 PMCID: PMC3110394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we focus our investigation on task-specific cognitive modulation of early cortical auditory processing in human cerebral cortex. During the experiments, we acquired whole-head magnetoencephalography data while participants were performing an auditory delayed-match-to-sample (DMS) task and associated control tasks. Using a spatial filtering beamformer technique to simultaneously estimate multiple source activities inside the human brain, we observed a significant DMS-specific suppression of the auditory evoked response to the second stimulus in a sound pair, with the center of the effect being located in the vicinity of the left auditory cortex. For the right auditory cortex, a non-invariant suppression effect was observed in both DMS and control tasks. Furthermore, analysis of coherence revealed a beta band (12∼20 Hz) DMS-specific enhanced functional interaction between the sources in left auditory cortex and those in left inferior frontal gyrus, which has been shown to be involved in short-term memory processing during the delay period of DMS task. Our findings support the view that early evoked cortical responses to incoming acoustic stimuli can be modulated by task-specific cognitive functions by means of frontal–temporal functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rong
- Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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Corradi-Dell'Acqua C, Tomelleri L, Bellani M, Rambaldelli G, Cerini R, Pozzi-Mucelli R, Balestrieri M, Tansella M, Brambilla P. Thalamic-insular dysconnectivity in schizophrenia: evidence from structural equation modeling. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:740-52. [PMID: 21484952 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional studies have shown that schizophrenia is often associated with frontolimbic abnormalities in the prefrontal and mediotemporal regions. It is still unclear, however, if such dysfunctional interaction extends as well to relay regions such as the thalamus and the anterior insula. Here, we measured gray matter volumes of five right-hemisphere regions in 68 patients with schizophrenia and 77 matched healthy subjects. The regions were amygdala, thalamus, and entorhinal cortex (identified as anomalous by prior studies on the same population) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior insula (isolated by voxel-based morphometry analysis). We used structural equation modeling and found altered path coefficients connecting the thalamus to the anterior insula, the amygdala to the DLPFC, and the entorhinal cortex to the DLPFC. In particular, patients exhibited a stronger thalamus-insular connection than healthy controls. Instead, controls showed positive entorhinal-DLPFC and negative amygdalar-DLPFC connections, both of which were absent in the clinical population. Our data provide evidence that schizophrenia is characterized by an impaired right-hemisphere network, in which intrahemispheric communication involving relay structures may play a major role in sustaining the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Differences in "bottom-up" and "top-down" neural activity in current and former cigarette smokers: Evidence for neural substrates which may promote nicotine abstinence through increased cognitive control. Neuroimage 2011; 56:2258-75. [PMID: 21440645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-related stimuli, through conditioning, are thought to acquire incentive motivational properties that code possible reward availability and elicit an attentional bias, possibly through increased "bottom-up" neural processing. The processes underlying this attentional bias are considered important in the maintenance of addiction, and crucially, in relapse among substance users attempting to remain abstinent. Equally, impaired "top-down" cognitive control may impair the ability to restrain "bottom-up" pre-potent behaviours, such as drug use, following exposure to drug-related stimuli. Two experiments sought to identify the neural loci of bottom-up/top-down processing during fMRI. Experiment 1 utilised an attentional bias paradigm to examine the behavioural and neural responses to neutral, emotionally evocative and smoking-related cues in control (n=13), ex-smoking (n=10 - abstinent >12months) and smoking (n=13 - mean >6.5years of use) groups. Experiment 2 used a go/no-go paradigm to examine the neural correlates of motor response inhibition and error monitoring in the same sample. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that, across conditions, current smokers had significantly less neural activity in cortical but significantly more activity in subcortical areas compared to both controls and ex-smokers. Ex-smokers exhibited more neural activity than both control and smoker groups in prefrontal cortical regions. Similarly, Experiment 2 revealed that smokers had reduced neural activity in prefrontal cortical regions during motor response inhibition compared to controls while ex-smokers demonstrated greater neural activity in prefrontal cortical regions compared to both controls and smokers during error monitoring. The results reveal cortical and subcortical differences between current smokers and controls and a general pattern of increased prefrontal cortical activity in ex-smokers. These findings may suggest that elevated topdown control might be an important characteristic of successful abstinence in individuals formerly dependent on nicotine.
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Baess P, Horváth J, Jacobsen T, Schröger E. Selective suppression of self-initiated sounds in an auditory stream: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2011; 48:1276-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Catarino A, Luke L, Waldman S, Andrade A, Fletcher PC, Ring H. An fMRI investigation of detection of semantic incongruities in autistic spectrum conditions. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 33:558-67. [PMID: 21198976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the brain's haemodynamic response to semantically incongruent and congruent sentences in adults with an autistic spectrum condition (ASC) and a typically developing Control group. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure regional variations in neural activity during detection of semantic incongruities within written sentences. Whilst the 12 controls showed a pattern of activity extending from posterior cingulate cortices bilaterally and the left occipitotemporal region to the left superior and inferior temporal lobes, right anterior cingulate and right inferior frontal gyrus, the 12 participants with an ASC presented a more spatially restricted activation pattern, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex and right middle frontal gyrus. These results are coherent with the hypothesis that impaired integration of multiple neural networks in people with an ASC is related to previous observations that this group have difficulties in the use of context to predict the final word of sentences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarino
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wylie KP, Tregellas JR. The role of the insula in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 123:93-104. [PMID: 20832997 PMCID: PMC2957503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of the insular cortex is a common finding in neuroanatomical studies of schizophrenia, yet its contribution to disease pathology remains unknown. This review describes the normal function of the insula and examines pathology of this region in schizophrenia. The insula is a cortical structure with extensive connections to many areas of the cortex and limbic system. It integrates external sensory input with the limbic system and is integral to the awareness of the body's state (interoception). Many deficits observed in schizophrenia involve these functions and may relate to insula pathology. Furthermore, reports describing deficits caused by lesions of the insula parallel deficits observed in schizophrenia. Examples of insula-related functions that are altered in schizophrenia include the processing of both visual and auditory emotional information, pain, and neuronal representations of the self. The last of these functions, processing representations of the self, plays a key role in discriminating between self-generated and external information, suggesting that insula dysfunction may contribute to hallucinations, a cardinal feature of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korey P Wylie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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