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Fursenco C, Calalb T, Uncu L, Dinu M, Ancuceanu R. Solidago virgaurea L.: A Review of Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121619. [PMID: 33266185 PMCID: PMC7761148 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod, Woundwort), Asteraceae, is a familiar medicinal plant in Europe and other parts of the world, widely used and among the most researched species from its genus. The aerial parts of European goldenrod have long been used for urinary tract conditions and as an anti-inflammatory agent in the traditional medicine of different peoples. Its main chemical constituents are flavonoids (mainly derived from quercetin and kaempferol), C6-C1 and C6-C3 compounds, terpenes (mostly from the essential oil), and a large number of saponin molecules (mainly virgaureasaponins and solidagosaponins). Published research on its potential activities is critically reviewed here: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, spasmolitic, antihypertensive, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasite, cytotoxic and antitumor, antimutagenic, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and antisenescence. The evidence concerning its potential benefits is mainly derived from non-clinical studies, some effects are rather modest, whereas others are more promising, but need more confirmation in both non-clinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Fursenco
- Departament of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh, 66 Mălina Mică Street, MD-2025 Chisinau, Moldova; (C.F.); (T.C.)
- Scientific Center of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh, 66 Mălina Mică Street, MD-2025 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Tatiana Calalb
- Departament of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh, 66 Mălina Mică Street, MD-2025 Chisinau, Moldova; (C.F.); (T.C.)
| | - Livia Uncu
- Scientific Center of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh, 66 Mălina Mică Street, MD-2025 Chisinau, Moldova;
- Departament of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPh, 66 Mălina Mică Street, MD-2025 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Bodakowska-Boczniewicz J, Garncarek Z. Immobilization of Naringinase from Aspergillus Niger on a Magnetic Polysaccharide Carrier. Molecules 2020; 25:E2731. [PMID: 32545562 PMCID: PMC7356055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringinase is an enzymatic complex used in the deglycosylation of compounds with a high application potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the study was to immobilize naringinase from Aspergillus niger KMS on a magnetic carrier obtained on the basis of carob gum activated by polyethyleneimine. Response surface methodology was used to optimize naringinase immobilization taking into account the following factors: pH, immobilization time, initial concentration of naringinase and immobilization temperature. The adsorption of the enzyme on a magnetic carrier was a reversible process. The binding force of naringinase was increased by crosslinking the enzyme with the carrier using dextran aldehyde. The crosslinked enzyme had better stability in an acidic environment and at a higher temperature compared to the free form. The immobilization and stabilization of naringinase by dextran aldehyde on the magnetic polysaccharide carrier lowered the activation energy, thus increasing the catalytic capacity of the investigated enzyme and increasing the activation energy of the thermal deactivation process, which confirms higher stability of the immobilized enzyme in comparison with free naringinase. The preparation of crosslinked naringinase retained over 80% of its initial activity after 10 runs of naringin hydrolysis from fresh and model grapefruit juice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zbigniew Garncarek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53–345 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Móricz ÁM, Ott PG, Häbe TT, Darcsi A, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Krüzselyi D, Csontos P, Béni S, Morlock GE. Effect-Directed Discovery of Bioactive Compounds Followed by Highly Targeted Characterization, Isolation and Identification, Exemplarily Shown for Solidago virgaurea. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes M. Móricz
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tim T. Häbe
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - András Darcsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Duckstein SM, Stintzing FC. LC-MS(n) characterization of steroidal saponins in Helleborus niger L. roots and their conversion products during fermentation. Steroids 2015; 93:47-59. [PMID: 25449769 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins comprise a substantial part of the secondary metabolite spectrum in the medicinal plant Helleborus niger L. (black hellebore). The saponin fraction from the roots was investigated by LC-MS(n) resulting in 38 saponins and β-ecdysone. Nine diosgenyl-type glycosides, mainly furostanols consisting of the aglycones diosgenin, macranthogenin, sceptrumgenin, and sarsasapogenin were accompanied by 5 diosgenyl-type saponins exhibiting an aglycone with an additional OH group. However, the most relevant compounds were 24 acetylated polyhydroxy saponins including hellebosaponins A and D. The enzymes glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, and pectinase were used to obtain an idea on potential fermentative transformation reactions by incubation of the isolated model saponins macranthosid I and hellebosaponin A. In a second step, aqueous H. niger extracts containing a much greater range of saponins were monitored during fermentation and 12months of storage. The metabolites were examined and assigned by LC-MS(n) and targeted extracted ion current (EIC) scan analyses. Good agreement was found among the results from the model compounds and the whole aqueous fermented extracts. The native diosgenyl-type furostanol saponins were converted to spirostanols under scission of hexoses. Alteration of the acetylated polyhydroxy saponins, exclusively spirostanols, took place following cleavage of acetyl groups and terminal deoxyhexoses. Most interestingly, the pentoses of the sugar chain at C(1) were not affected. Conversion of acetylated polyhydroxy saponins resulted in a final structure type which was stable and detectable, even after 12months of fermentation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M Duckstein
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstrasse 1, D-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstrasse 1, D-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany.
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Ávila M, Jaquet M, Moine D, Requena T, Peláez C, Arigoni F, Jankovic I. Physiological and biochemical characterization of the two α-l-rhamnosidases of Lactobacillus plantarum NCC245. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:2739-2749. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is believed to be the first report on the physiological and biochemical characterization of α-l-rhamnosidases in lactic acid bacteria. A total of 216 strains representing 37 species and eight genera of food-grade bacteria were screened for α-l-rhamnosidase activity. The majority of positive bacteria (25 out of 35) were Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and activity of the L. plantarum strain NCC245 was examined in more detail. The analysis of α-l-rhamnosidase activity under different growth conditions revealed dual regulation of the enzyme activity, involving carbon catabolite repression and induction: the enzyme activity was downregulated by glucose and upregulated by l-rhamnose. The expression of the two α-l-rhamnosidase genes rhaB1 and rhaB2 and two predicted permease genes rhaP1 and rhaP2, identified in a probable operon rhaP2B2P1B1, was repressed by glucose and induced by l-rhamnose, showing regulation at the transcriptional level. The two α-l-rhamnosidase genes were overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli. RhaB1 activity was maximal at 50 °C and at neutral pH and RhaB2 maximal activity was detected at 60 °C and at pH 5, with high residual activity at 70 °C. Both enzymes showed a preference for the α-1,6 linkage of l-rhamnose to β-d-glucose, hesperidin and rutin being their best substrates, but, surprisingly, no activity was detected towards the α-1,2 linkage in naringin under the tested conditions. In conclusion, we identified and characterized the strain L. plantarum NCC245 and its two α-l-rhamnosidase enzymes, which might be applied for improvement of bioavailability of health-beneficial polyphenols, such as hesperidin, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ávila
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Muriel Jaquet
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Moine
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Requena
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Peláez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Lácteos, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Arigoni
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Jankovic
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Yoshikawa M, Li X, Nishida E, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Morikawa T. Medicinal Flowers. XXI. Structures of Perennisaponins A, B, C, D, E, and F, Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Oligoglycosides, from the Flowers of Bellis perennis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:559-68. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eriko Nishida
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
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Cui Z, Maruyama Y, Mikami B, Hashimoto W, Murata K. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the family GH78 alpha-L-rhamnosidase RhaB from Bacillus sp. GL1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:646-8. [PMID: 16820683 PMCID: PMC2242939 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910601904x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-rhamnosidases play important roles in the metabolism of plant cell walls, glycosides and bacterial biofilms. This enzyme is also used industrially for debittering citrus fruits by releasing rhamnose from the plant flavonoid naringin. Bacillus sp. GL1 alpha-L-rhamnosidase (RhaB) is a member of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 78. Native and selenomethionine-derivative enzymes were crystallized at 293 K by hanging-drop vapour diffusion with polyethylene glycol 8000 as a precipitant. This is the first report of the crystallization of a family GH78 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Cui
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yukie Maruyama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashimoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kousaku Murata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail:
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Monti D, Pisvejcová A, Kren V, Lama M, Riva S. Generation of an ?-L-rhamnosidase library and its application for the selective derhamnosylation of natural products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:763-71. [PMID: 15329934 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A screening of 16 different fungal strains was performed under different cultivation conditions, using L-rhamnose or L-rhamnose-containing flavonoid glycosides (rutin, hesperidin, and naringin) as specific inducers. No significant constitutive production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases was detected in noninduced cultures, while high levels of these glycosidase activities were obtained using different inducers. New species, so far unknown for the production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases, were identified. More than 30 different alpha-L-rhamnosidase samples were prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Substrate specificity of this alpha-L-rhamnosidase library was tested with various L-rhamnose-containing natural compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins). Most of the enzymatic preparations showed broad substrate specificity, and some of them were also acting on sterically hindered substrates (e.g., quercitrin). The screening of the library under different reaction conditions showed the coexistence, in the same preparation, of more than one alpha-L-rhamnosidase activities with different substrate specificity and different stability towards organic cosolvents. To exploit this enzymatic library for synthetic applications, the presence of contaminating alpha-L-arabinosidases and beta-D-glucosidases was investigated. The latter enzymes were observed in several preparations, while alpha-L-arabinosidase content was generally quite low. The selective derhamnosylation of the saponin desglucoruscin was performed on a preparative scale. The enzyme obtained by rhamnose induction of the Aspergillus niger K2 CCIM strain showed high activity towards this substrate and negligible alpha-L-arabinosidase contamination. Therefore, it was chosen as a catalyst for the selective derhamnosylation reaction, which provided the desired product in 70% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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Hashimoto W, Miyake O, Nankai H, Murata K. Molecular identification of an alpha-L-rhamnosidase from Bacillus sp strain GL1 as an enzyme involved in complete metabolism of gellan. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 415:235-44. [PMID: 12831847 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The genes (rhaA and rhaB) for two alpha-L-rhamnosidases of Bacillus sp. strain GL1, which assimilates a bacterial polysaccharide (gellan), were cloned from a genomic DNA library of the bacterium constructed in Escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequences of the genes were determined. Gene rhaA (2661 bp) contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein (RhaA: 886 amino acids) with a molecular weight (MW) of 98280. Gene rhaB (2871 bp) contained an ORF encoding a protein (RhaB: 956 amino acids) with a MW of 106049. RhaA exhibited significant identity (41%) with alpha-L-rhamnosidase of Clostridium stercorarium, while RhaB showed slight homology with enzymes from other sources. An overexpression system for the two enzymes was constructed in E. coli, and the enzymes were purified and characterized. Both RhaA and RhaB were highly specific for rhamnosyl saccharides, including gellan disaccharide (rhamnosyl glucose) and naringin, and released rhamnose from substrates most efficiently at pH 6.5-7.0 and 40 degrees C. Bacillus sp. strain GL1 cells grown in a gellan medium produced only RhaB, indicating that RhaB plays a crucial role in the complete metabolism of gellan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hashimoto
- Department of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Choi SZ, Kwon HC, Choi SU, Lee KR. Five new labdane diterpenes from Aster oharai. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:1102-1106. [PMID: 12193011 DOI: 10.1021/np020119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five new labdane diterpenes (1-5) together with seven known diterpenes have been isolated from a methanol extract of the aerial parts of Aster oharai. Five new structures were determined as 7alpha-hydroperoxylabda-8(17),14-dien-13(R)-ol-4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-6-deoxyidopyranoside (1), 7alpha-hydroperoxylabda-8,14-dien-13(R)-ol-4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-6-deoxyidopyranoside (2), labda-7,14-dien-13(R)-ol-4-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), labda-7,14-dien-13(R)-ol-3-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), and labda-7,14-dien-13(R)-ol-2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against four cultured human tumor cell lines with ED(50) values ranging from 1.1 to 7.7 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Zin Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Zverlov VV, Hertel C, Bronnenmeier K, Hroch A, Kellermann J, Schwarz WH. The thermostable alpha-L-rhamnosidase RamA of Clostridium stercorarium: biochemical characterization and primary structure of a bacterial alpha-L-rhamnoside hydrolase, a new type of inverting glycoside hydrolase. Mol Microbiol 2000; 35:173-9. [PMID: 10632887 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An alpha-L-rhamnosidase clone was isolated from a genomic library of the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium stercorarium and its primary structure was determined. The recombinant gene product, RamA, was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and characterized. It is a dimer of two identical subunits with a monomeric molecular mass of 95 kDa in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At pH 7.5 it is optimally active at 60 degrees C and insensitive to moderate concentrations of Triton X100, ethanol and EDTA. It hydrolysed p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, naringin and hesperidin with a specific activity of 82, 1.5 and 0.46 U mg-1 respectively. Hydrolysis occurs by inversion of the anomeric configuration as detected using 1H-NMR, indicating a single displacement mechanism. Naringin was hydrolysed to rhamnose and prunin, which could further be degraded by incubation with a thermostable beta-glucosidase. The secondary structure of RamA consists of 27% alpha-helices and 50% beta-sheets, as detected by circular dichroism. The primary structure of the ramA gene has no similarity to other glycoside hydrolase sequences and possibly is the first member of a new enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zverlov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq., 123 182 Moscow, Russia
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