1
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Koze H, Sudoh M, Onitsuka S, Okamura H, Ishikawa T, Tani F, Miyata-Yabuki Y, Shirouzu M, Baba M, Okamoto M, Hamada T. Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, a component of Holy Basil Ocimum tenuiflorum, inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication in vitro. J Nat Med 2025; 79:122-133. [PMID: 39585602 PMCID: PMC11735596 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of new mutant strains continue to present a substantial threat with potential for future pandemics. Safe, effective, and readily available COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed to prepare for future coronavirus pandemics. To help identify new antiviral agents, the present study focused on natural products in the extracts of Holy Basil, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., which show potential inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Bioassay-guided isolation of the MeOH extracts of O. tenuiflorum led to the identification of a sulfur-containing glyceroglycolipid, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG: 1), as a potent Mpro inhibitor that effectively inhibited Mpro activity (IC50: 0.42 µM). SQDG (1) also markedly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication (EC50, 51.2 µM) in vitro while displaying no cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 µM). Further inhibition kinetic studies and docking simulations clearly demonstrated that SQDG strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in a competitive and mixed-inhibition manner. These findings highlight SQDG as a promising lead compound for COVID-19 therapy and emphasize the need to explore new drugs from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Koze
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sudoh
- Department of Translational Research, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Satoaki Onitsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukako Miyata-Yabuki
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Division of Infection Control Research, Center for Advanced Science Research and Promotion, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Mika Okamoto
- Division of Infection Control Research, Center for Advanced Science Research and Promotion, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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2
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Oshige M, Kano K, Shinada S, Kawaguchi A, Uchida T, Ishii N, Horiuchi H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Matsuo I, Katsura S. Synthesis of 3-octadecanoxypropyl 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-α-d-glucopyranoside (ODSG) as a lipase-resistant SQAP derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128391. [PMID: 34601028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoquynovosylacyl propanediol (SQAP; 1) has been developed as a radiosensitizer (anti-cancer agent) for solid tumors, but it was easily cleaved in vivo and had a problem of short residence time. We synthesized a novel compound of a SQAP derivative (3-octadecanoxypropyl 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-α-d-glucopyranoside: ODSG; 2) to solve these problems not easily cleaved by lipase. ODSG (2) cytotoxicity was investigated in vitro, resulting in low toxicity like SQAP (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Oshige
- Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness (GUCFW), Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan.
| | - Koki Kano
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shinada
- Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawaguchi
- Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takato Uchida
- Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shinji Katsura
- Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan; Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness (GUCFW), Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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3
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Oku N, Hasada A, Kimura K, Honoki H, Katsuta R, Yajima A, Nukada T, Ishigami K, Igarashi Y. Sulfoquinovosylglyceryl ether, a new group of ether lipids from lake ball-forming green alga Aegagropilopsis moravica (family Pithophoraceae). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1493-1498. [PMID: 33871157 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ether lipids are a minor group of glycerolipids but widespread in nature, playing a vital function as membrane lipids, signalling molecules, or buoyant material. We have discovered sulfoquinovosylchimyl alcohol (1), a sulfonate-substituted glyceroglycolipid, from a lake ball-forming green alga Aegagropilopsis moravica (family Pithophoraceae), with the guidance of antimicrobial activity. The structure of 1, including absolute configurations of all sterogenic centers, was established by extensive NMR analysis, chemical degradation studies, and finally by total synthesis. Lipid 1 is an ether variant of a lyso-form of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, a chloroplast-specific membrane lipid, and thus represents a new lipid class, sulfoquinovosylglyceryl ether. A high occurrence of mobile life form in the family Pithophoraceae and a unique behaviour of chloroplasts reported in closely related Aegagropila linnaei, the famous lake-ball alga, implies a possible role of lipid 1 or its acyl derivatives in ecological adaptation to dysphotic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oku
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsumi Hasada
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hideharu Honoki
- Toyama Science Museum, 1-8-31 Nishinakano, Toyama, 939-8034, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Arata Yajima
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nukada
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Research Center for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
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4
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Zhang Y, Mui JWY, Arumaperuma T, Lingford JP, Goddard-Borger ED, White JM, Williams SJ. Concise synthesis of sulfoquinovose and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides, and development of a fluorogenic substrate for sulfoquinovosidases. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:675-686. [PMID: 31894821 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) and its headgroup, the sulfosugar sulfoquinovose (SQ), are estimated to harbour up to half of all organosulfur in the biosphere. SQ is liberated from SQDG and related glycosides by the action of sulfoquinovosidases (SQases). We report a 10-step synthesis of SQDG that we apply to the preparation of saturated and unsaturated lipoforms. We also report an expeditious synthesis of SQ and (13C6)SQ, and X-ray crystal structures of sodium and potassium salts of SQ. Finally, we report the synthesis of a fluorogenic SQase substrate, methylumbelliferyl α-d-sulfoquinovoside, and examination of its cleavage kinetics by two recombinant SQases. These compounds will assist in dissecting the role of sulfoglycolysis in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle and understanding the molecular basis of sulfoglycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Janice W-Y Mui
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Thimali Arumaperuma
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - James P Lingford
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia and Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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5
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Ruike T, Kanai Y, Iwabata K, Matsumoto Y, Murata H, Ishima M, Ohta K, Oshige M, Katsura S, Kuramochi K, Kamisuki S, Sahara H, Miura M, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. Distribution and metabolism of 14C-sulfoquinovosylacylpropanediol ( 14C-SQAP) after a single intravenous administration in tumor-bearing mice. Xenobiotica 2018. [PMID: 29543539 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1448949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosylacylpropanediol (SQAP) is a novel potent radiosensitizer that inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and results in increased oxigenation and reduced tumor volume. We investigated the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of SQAP in male KSN-nude mice transplanted with a human pulmonary carcinoma, Lu65. For the metabolism analysis, a 2 mg (2.98 MBq)/kg of [glucose-U-14C]-SQAP (CP-3839) was intravenously injected. The injected SQAP was decomposed into a stearic acid and a sulfoquinovosylpropanediol (SQP) in the body. The degradation was relatively slow in the carcinoma tissue.1,3-propanediol[1-14C]-SQAP (CP-3635) was administered through intravenous injection of a 1 mg (3.48 MBq)/kg dose followed by whole body autoradiography of the mice. The autoradiography analysis demonstrated that SQAP rapidly distributed throughout the whole body and then quickly decreased within 4 hours except the tumor and excretion organs such as liver, kidney. Retention of SQAP was longer in tumor parts than in other tissues, as indicated by higher levels of radioactivity at 4 hours. The radioactivity around the tumor had also completely disappeared within 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Ruike
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanai
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwabata
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishima
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masahiko Oshige
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Gunma University , Kiryu , Gunma , Japan
| | - Shinji Katsura
- b Department of Environmental Engineering Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Gunma University , Kiryu , Gunma , Japan
| | - Koji Kuramochi
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroeki Sahara
- c Laboratory of Biology , Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine , Chuou-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- d Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- a Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
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6
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Manzo E, Fioretto L, Pagano D, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, De Palma R, Fontana A. Chemical Synthesis of Marine-Derived Sulfoglycolipids, a New Class of Molecular Adjuvants. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090288. [PMID: 28930144 PMCID: PMC5618427 DOI: 10.3390/md15090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play a primary role in the protection of human health by preventing infectious and chronic diseases. Recently we have reported 1,2-O-distearoyl-3-O-β-d-sulfoquinovosylglycerol (β-SQDG18), here named Sulfavant A (1), which shows promising properties as a new molecular adjuvant in in vitro and in vivo tests. In the present manuscript, we provide full details about a synthetic strategy for the preparation of 1, including a discussion of chemical determinants of the activity and the major technical hurdles we faced during the study. Synthesis of Sulfavant A (1) is achieved by a versatile procedure based on a trichloroacetimidate methodology and peracetate sugar precursors. The final design opens possibilities for the preparation of a series of interesting analogs for further pharmacological optimization and development, including derivatives containing different saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., 17 and 22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dario Pagano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal and Experimental Clinic, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Campania, c/o II Policlinico (Bd. 3), Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
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7
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Sulfoquinovose in the biosphere: occurrence, metabolism and functions. Biochem J 2017; 474:827-849. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonated carbohydrate sulfoquinovose (SQ) is produced in quantities estimated at some 10 billion tonnes annually and is thus a major participant in the global sulfur biocycle. SQ is produced by most photosynthetic organisms and incorporated into the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), as well as within some archaea for incorporation into glycoprotein N-glycans. SQDG is found mainly within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, where it appears to be important for membrane structure and function and for optimal activity of photosynthetic protein complexes. SQDG metabolism within the sulfur cycle involves complex biosynthetic and catabolic processes. SQDG biosynthesis is largely conserved within plants, algae and bacteria. On the other hand, two major sulfoglycolytic pathways have been discovered for SQDG degradation, the sulfo-Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (sulfo-EMP) and sulfo-Entner–Doudoroff (sulfo-ED) pathways, which mirror the major steps in the glycolytic EMP and ED pathways. Sulfoglycolysis produces C3-sulfonates, which undergo biomineralization to inorganic sulfur species, completing the sulfur cycle. This review discusses the discovery and structural elucidation of SQDG and archaeal N-glycans, the occurrence, distribution, and speciation of SQDG, and metabolic pathways leading to the biosynthesis of SQDG and its catabolism through sulfoglycolytic and biomineralization pathways to inorganic sulfur.
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8
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Hielscher-Michael S, Griehl C, Buchholz M, Demuth HU, Arnold N, Wessjohann LA. Natural Products from Microalgae with Potential against Alzheimer's Disease: Sulfolipids Are Potent Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14110203. [PMID: 27827845 PMCID: PMC5128746 DOI: 10.3390/md14110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many new enzymes, like glutaminyl cyclase (QC), could be associated with pathophysiological processes and represent targets for many diseases, so that enzyme-inhibiting properties of natural substances are becoming increasingly important. In different studies, the pathophysiology connection of QC to various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described. Algae are known for the ability to synthesize complex and highly-diverse compounds with specific enzyme inhibition properties. Therefore, we screened different algae species for the presence of QC inhibiting metabolites using a new "Reverse Metabolomics" technique including an Activity-correlation Analysis (AcorA), which is based on the correlation of bioactivities to mass spectral data with the aid of mathematic informatics deconvolution. Thus, three QC inhibiting compounds from microalgae belonging to the family of sulfolipids were identified. The compounds showed a QC inhibition of 81% and 76% at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL and 0.025 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, for the first time, sulfolipids are identified as QC inhibiting compounds and possess substructures with the required pharmacophore qualities. They represent a new lead structure for QC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hielscher-Michael
- Group Algae Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Carola Griehl
- Group Algae Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Technology, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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9
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Pagano D, Cutignano A, Manzo E, Tinto F, Fontana A. Glycolipids synthesis: improved hydrazinolysis conditions for preparation of 1,2-polyunsaturated fatty acyl-β-monogalactosyl-glycerols. Carbohydr Res 2016; 424:21-3. [PMID: 26921607 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The investigation is related to the development of a general strategy for the synthesis of glycolipids including analogs bearing polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, here we report exceptionally mild and selective conditions to remove acetate protecting groups from glyceroglycolipids by hydrazinolysis. Synthetic 1,2-O-di-arachidonoyl-3-O-β-galactosyl-glycerol was used as representative of polyunsaturated β-galactosyl-di-acyl-glycerols due to its reactivity under the conditions usually employed in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Pagano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I 80078-Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I 80078-Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I 80078-Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| | - Francesco Tinto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I 80078-Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I 80078-Pozzuoli (Na), Italy
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10
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Total synthesis and structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3634-59. [PMID: 24945415 PMCID: PMC4071594 DOI: 10.3390/md12063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined.
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11
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Makhlouf Brahmi M, Portmann C, D'Ambrosio D, Woods TM, Banfi D, Reichenbach P, Da Silva L, Baudat E, Turcatti G, Lingner J, Gademann K. Telomerase inhibitors from cyanobacteria: isolation and synthesis of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols from Microcystis aeruguinosa PCC 7806. Chemistry 2013; 19:4596-601. [PMID: 23364876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By using the Telospot assay, 27 different extracts of cyanobacteria were evaluated for telomerase inhibition. All extracts showed varying, but significant activity. We selected Microcystis aeruguinosa PCC 7806 to identify the active compound and a bioassay guided fractionation led us to isolate mixtures of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDGs), which were identified by 2D NMR and MS/MS experiments. Pure SQDG derivatives were then synthesized. The IC(50) values of pure synthetic sulfoquinovosyl dipalmitoylglycerol and the monopalmitoylated derivative against telomerase were determined to be 17 and 40 μM, respectively. A structure-activity relationship study allowed the identification of compounds with modified lipophilic acyl groups that display improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Makhlouf Brahmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Manzo E, Tramice A, Pagano D, Trincone A, Fontana A. Chemo-enzymatic preparation of α-6-sulfoquinovosyl-1,2-O-diacylglycerols. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Sun Y, Zhang J, Li C, Guan H, Yu G. Synthesis of glycoglycerolipid of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-(N-palmitoyl-6′-amino-6′-deoxy-α-d-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol and its analogues, inhibitors of human Myt1-kinase. Carbohydr Res 2012; 355:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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15
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Csuk R, Prell E, Korb C, Kluge R, Ströhl D. Total synthesis of 3,3-difluorinated 1-deoxynojirimycin analogues. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Structure and activity relationship of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols, which selectively inhibited in vitro mammalian replicative DNA polymerase activity and human cancer cell growth. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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WU HJ, LI CX, SONG GP, LI YX. Synthesis of Naturalα-6-Dehydroxy-6-aminoglucoglycerolipids. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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19
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Hada T, Ishimaru C, Kuriyama I, Yonezawa Y, Iijima H, Yoshida H, Sato N, Mizushina Y. Anti-Tumor Effects of the Glycolipids Fraction from Spinach which Inhibited DNA Polymerase Activity. Nutr Cancer 2007; 57:216-23. [PMID: 17571956 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701277908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the fraction of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) containing the major glycolipids from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.). This glycolipids fraction inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases (pols) such as alpha, delta, and epsilon, and mitochondrial pol gamma with IC50 values of 44.0-46.2 microg/ml, but had no influence on the activity of repair-related pol beta. The fraction also inhibited the proliferation of human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells with LD50 values of 57.2 microg/ml. In an in vivo anti-tumor assay on nude mice bearing solid tumors of HeLa cells, the fraction was shown to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Histopathological examination revealed that tumor necrosis with hemorrhage was significantly enhanced with the glycolipids fraction in vivo. The spinach glycolipids fraction might be a potent anti-tumor compound, and this fraction may be a healthy food substance with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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20
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Marcolongo G, de Appolonia F, Venzo A, Berrie CP, Carofiglio T, Ceschi Berrini C. Diacylglycerolipids isolated from a thermophile cyanobacterium from the Euganean hot springs. Nat Prod Res 2006; 20:766-74. [PMID: 16753911 DOI: 10.1080/14786410500176393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Phormidium sp. ETS-05 thermophile blue-green alga is one of the most typical and widespread species of cyanobacteria of the thermal muds of the Euganean hot springs, the therapeutic properties of which have been known since ancient times. The polar diacylglycerolipids of this cyanobacterium consists of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. We have isolated and purified these four diacylglycerolipids from ETS-05, and then analysed them for their quantitative and structural features and fatty acid contents. The monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol show a marked presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which C18 : 4 is the most common. We propose that these glycoglycerolipids can be used as markers for monitoring the thermal mud colonisation process.
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21
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Knapp S, Darout E, Amorelli B. New Glycomimetics: Anomeric Sulfonates, Sulfenamides, and Sulfonamides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1380-9. [PMID: 16468785 DOI: 10.1021/jo0520386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of new 1-thio-D-glucopyranose derivatives oxidized at the sulfur atom is described, including seven 1-C-sulfonic acids, three sulfonate esters, three sulfinate esters, an S,S'-diglycosyl thiolsulfonate and thiolsulfinate, four S-glycosyl sulfenamides, an S-glycosyl sulfinamide, and two S-glycosyl sulfonamides. These compounds possess unusual anomeric functionality that might be resistant or even inhibitory to normal enzymatic carbohydrate processing, and therefore, they may be of future use in studies of enzyme inhibition, structure, mechanism, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Knapp
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers--State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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22
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Matsumoto K, Sakai H, Takeuchi R, Tsuchiya K, Ohta K, Sugawara F, Abe M, Sakaguchi K. Effective form of sulfoquinovosyldiacyglycerol (SQDG) vesicles for DNA polymerase inhibition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 46:175-81. [PMID: 16337362 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyldiacyglycerol (SQDG) has a wide range of biological activities that make it an attractive compound for the development of new drugs. Chemically synthesized beta-SQDG-C(18:0) (1,2-di-O-stearoyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol), for example, has a potent inhibitory effect on DNA polymerases. We investigated the properties of the vesicle form of beta-SQDG-C(18:0) as the monomer has low solubility in water. The structure of the beta-SQDG-C(18:0) vesicles are highly influenced by NaCl concentration in preparation process. At low NaCl concentrations, the beta-SQDG-C(18:0) vesicles have high surface curvature and form small unilamellar vesicles. Increases in NaCl concentration, resulted in decreased surface curvature and a tendency for beta-SQDG-C(18:0) to form large multilamellar vesicles. The small unilamellar vesicles showed a potent inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase beta, whereas the large multilamellar vesicles had no such effect. We investigated further the relationship between vesicle size and activity by preparing smaller vesicles (262, 99 and 43 nm in diameter) using an extrusion technique. These smaller vesicles had a greater inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase beta activity than non-extruded vesicles. beta-SQDG-C(18:0) vesicles, especially those of small size, were effective in DNA polymerase inhibition and are expected to have high applicability in DNA polymerase study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278, Japan
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Kuriyama I, Musumi K, Yonezawa Y, Takemura M, Maeda N, Iijima H, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effects of glycolipids fraction from spinach on mammalian DNA polymerase activity and human cancer cell proliferation. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:594-601. [PMID: 16081275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the fraction containing the major glycolipids in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) from dried vegetables. This glycolipids fraction was an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) in vitro and also the proliferation of human cancer cells. In this study, eight common vegetables were investigated in terms of the glycolipids fraction, the amounts of major glycolipids, mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitory activity and antiproliferative activity toward human cancer cells. Green tea possessed the largest amount of glycolipids overall. Spinach contained the largest amount of SQDG, followed by parsley, green onion, chive, sweet pepper, green tea, carrot and garlic. Spinach had the strongest inhibitory effect on pol alpha activity and human cancer cell proliferation. A significant correlation was found between SQDG content and inhibition of DNA polymerase. Therefore, the inhibition of pol alpha activity by SQDG may lead to cell growth suppression. Of the six subspecies of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) tested, "Anna" had the largest amount of SQDG, strongest inhibitory activity toward DNA polymerase and greatest effect on human cancer cell proliferation. Based on these results, the glycolipids fraction from spinach is potentially a source of food material for a novel anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoko Kuriyama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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24
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Maeda N, Hada T, Murakami-Nakai C, Kuriyama I, Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y, Hiratsuka J, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Effects of DNA polymerase inhibitory and antitumor activities of lipase-hydrolyzed glycolipid fractions from spinach. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:121-8. [PMID: 15681172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the major glycolipid fraction in the class of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). This glycolipid fraction was an inhibitor of DNA polymerases and a growth inhibitor of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, and, interestingly, the activities were much stronger when the fraction was hydrolyzed by lipase. Glycolipids in the hydrolyzed fraction consisted of sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol (SQMG), monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG) and DGDG. In the in vivo antitumor assay using Greene's melanoma, the fraction containing SQMG, MGMG and DGDG showed to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Spinach glycolipid fraction might be a potent antitumor compound if directly injected into a tumor-carrying body, and this fraction may be a healthy food material that has antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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25
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Matsumoto K, Sakai H, Ohta K, Kameda H, Sugawara F, Abe M, Sakaguchi K. Monolayer membranes and bilayer vesicles characterized by α- and β-anomer of sulfoquinovosyldiacyglycerol (SQDG). Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 133:203-14. [PMID: 15642588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical properties of 1,2-di-O-stearoyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (alpha-SQDG-C(18:0)) and 1,2-di-O-stearoyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (beta-SQDG-C(18:0)) in monolayer and bilayer membranes were examined. Surface pressure measurements in monolayer membranes indicated the molecular area of beta-SQDG-C(18:0) to be slightly smaller than that of alpha-SQDG-C(18:0). In bilayer membranes, the phase transition temperature and the enthalpy of beta-SQDG-C(18:0) were higher than those of alpha-SQDG-C(18:0), while the trapping efficiency of beta-SQDG-C(18:0) vesicles was lower. The results suggested tighter packing with beta-SQDG-C(18:0) than alpha-SQDG-C(18:0), due to differences in the head group stereochemistry. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) data and computational modeling studies provided supporting evidence for morphological differences. In both monolayer and bilayer membranes, the affinity of beta-SQDG-C(18:0) with cholesterol was greater than that of alpha-SQDG-C(18:0), again due to the differences in head group properties. Turbidity measurement and microscopic examination of alpha- and beta-SQDG-C(18:0)/cholesterol mixtures confirmed formation of large vesicles. The addition of cholesterol to SQDG-C(18:0) optimized membrane formation and stabilized its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510, Japan
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26
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Matsumoto K, Takenouchi M, Ohta K, Ohta Y, Imura T, Oshige M, Yamamoto Y, Sahara H, Sakai H, Abe M, Sugawara F, Sato N, Sakaguchi K. Design of vesicles of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(β-d-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride bearing two stearic acids (β-SQDG-C18), a novel immunosuppressive drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:2379-86. [PMID: 15548384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effects of synthetic sulfo-glycolipids in the class of sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), including stereoisomers, were interesting in development of a promising clinical drug. Especially, 1,2-di-O-stearoyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (beta-SQDG-C18) was thought to be a valuable candidate because of the preliminary observations of its high inhibitory activities in spite of low toxicities. The problem of using this material is to find an applicable way avoiding its low solubility in water. The vesicle formation of beta-SQDG-C18 is advantageous to i.v. administration in its chemico-structural character. With preparation in water, beta-SQDG-C18 was hard to form vesicles, because its hydrophilicity was strong. We examined the suitable parameter of the vesicle forming condition. It was possible to take a balance between the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the beta-SQDG-C18 molecule to be optimized to form vesicles in 150 mM PBS. In addition, we demonstrated the strong immunosuppressive activity of beta-SQDG-C18 vesicles. This is the first report of the preparation method of beta-SQDG-C18 vesicles, which should facilitate in vitro and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510, Japan
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Yamazaki T, Aoki S, Ohta K, Hyuma S, Sakaguchi K, Sugawara F. Synthesis of an immunosuppressant SQAG9 and determination of the binding peptide by T7 phage display. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4343-6. [PMID: 15261299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SQAG9, a new class of immunosuppressive sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol, and its biotinylated derivatives have been synthesized. A T7 Phage library, composed of random cDNA fragments from Drosophila melanogaster, displayed a possible binding peptide of 14 amino acids. The immobilized synthetic peptide on a sensor chip showed a dissociation constant of K(D)=1.5 x 10(-6) against SQAG9 in a surface plasmon resonance experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamazaki
- Genome and Drug Research Center, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Lipták A, Balla E, Jánossy L, Sajtos F, Szilágyi L. The first synthesis of secondary sugar sulfonic acids by nucleophilic displacement reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mizushina Y, Maeda N, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa H, Murakami C, Takemura M, Xu X, Sugawara F, Fukumori Y, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. Inhibitory action of emulsified sulfoquinovosyl acylglycerol on mammalian DNA polymerases. Lipids 2003; 38:1065-74. [PMID: 14669972 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-1162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol (SQDG/SQMG) are potent inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerase II, and can be potent immunosuppressive agents and anticancer chemotherapy agents [Matsumoto, Y., Sahara, H., Fujita T., Shimozawa, K., Takenouchi, M., Torigoe, T., Hanashima, S., Yamazaki, T., Takahashi, S., Sugawara, F., et al., An Immunosuppressive Effect by Synthetic Sulfonolipids Deduced from Sulfonoquinovosyl Diacylglycerols of Sea Urchin, Transplantation 74, 261-267 (2002); Sahara, H., Hanashima, S., Yamazaki, T., Takahashi, S., Sugawara, F., Ohtani, S., Ishikawa, M., Mizushina, Y., Ohta, K., Shimozawa, K., et al., Anti-tumor Effect of Chemically Synthesized Sulfolipids Based on Sea Urchin's Natural Sulfonoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols, Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93, 85-92 (2002)]. In those experiments, the in vivo effectiveness greatly depended on the degree of water solubility of SQDG/SQMG. In the present work, we studied the emulsification of SQDG/SQMG in terms of their use in in vivo experiments. Lipid emulsions containing SQDG/SQMG (oil-in-water emulsions) in which the particle size was smaller than 100 nm were designed and synthesized, and then the biochemical modes of emulsified SQDG/SQMG were studied in comparison with those of SQDG/SQMG solubilized by DMSO. Emulsified SQDG/SQMG are also selective mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors and potent antineoplastic agents but do not inhibit the DNA topoisomerase II activity. The growth inhibition effect of emulsified SQMG to NUGC-3 cancer cells was twofold stronger than DMSO-soluble SQMG (69 and 151 microM, respectively). From these results, the properties of lipid emulsions containing SQDG/SQMG and their possible use in in vivo experiments including clinical use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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Murakami C, Takemura M, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Analysis of cell cycle regulation by 1-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride (SQMG), an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:541-50. [PMID: 12906919 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the sulfo-lipids, 1-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride (SQMG), potently and selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerases. SQMG was also a potent apoptosis inducer and the SQMG effect occurred through the induction of G1 arrest with a reduction in the proportion of cells in the S phase. SQMG clearly increased the levels of p53 and p21 proteins, but did not induce the expression of p27 and p16 proteins. SQMG markedly reduced the pRb protein level and inhibited pRb phosphorylation after 48hr. These results suggested that SQMG activates the G1 checkpoint as a result of the DNA polymerase inhibition, and then promotes a p53-dependent apoptotic response. Since aphidicolin, a well-known replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, did not promote these protein expressions, the apoptosis-inducing pathway by SQMG differs from that by aphidicolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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The inhibitory action of pyrrolidine alkaloid, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol, on eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:78-85. [PMID: 12705887 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolidine alkaloids mimicking the structures of pentose with nitrogen in the ring are known to be inhibitors of glycosidases. We report here that a compound belonging to this category is an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Among the eight naturally occurring pyrrolidine alkaloids we tested, only one compound, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol (DRB), which was purified from the mulberry tree (Morus alba), strongly inhibited the activities of eukaryotic DNA polymerases with IC50 values of 21-35 microM, and had almost no effect on the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerases, nor DNA metabolic enzymes such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, T7 RNA polymerase, and bovine deoxyribonuclease I. Kinetic studies showed that inhibition of both DNA polymerases alpha and beta by DRB was competitive with respect to dNTP substrate. Whereas DNA polymerase alpha inhibition was noncompetitive with the template-primer, the inhibition of DNA polymerase beta was found to be competitive with the template-primer. The K(i) values of DNA polymerases alpha and beta for the template-primer were smaller than those for dNTP substrate. Therefore, the affinity of DRB was suggested to be higher at the template-primer binding site than at the dNTP substrate-binding site, although DRB is an analogue of deoxyribose consisting of dNTP. Computational analyses of the eight pyrrolidine alkaloids revealed a remarkable difference in the distribution of positive and negative electrostatic charges on the surface of molecules. The relationship between the structure of DRB and the inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases is discussed.
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Synthesis of new C-sulfosugars and C-sulfoalditols: Amadori rearrangement of 6-C-sulfo-d-fucose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Murakami C, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Takahashi S, Takemura M, Yoshida S, Ohta K, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. A novel DNA polymerase inhibitor and a potent apoptosis inducer: 2-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride with stearic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1645:72-80. [PMID: 12535613 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(02)00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfo-glycolipids in the class of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) including the stereoisomers are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta. However, since the alpha-configuration of SQDG with two stearic acids (alpha-SQDG-C(18)) can hardly penetrate cells, it has no cytotoxic effect. We tried and succeeded in making a permeable form, sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol with a stearic acid (alpha-SQMG-C(18)) from alpha-SQDG-C(18) by hydrolysis with a pancreatic lipase. alpha-SQMG-C(18) inhibited DNA polymerase activity and was found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of NUGC-3 cancer cells. alpha-SQMG-C(18) arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and subsequently induced severe apoptosis. The arrest was correlated with an increased expression of p53 and cyclin E, indicating that alpha-SQMG-C(18) induced cell death through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Hyogo 651-2180, Kobe, Japan
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Murakami C, Kumagai T, Hada T, Kanekazu U, Nakazawa S, Kamisuki S, Maeda N, Xu X, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Effects of glycolipids from spinach on mammalian DNA polymerases. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:259-67. [PMID: 12504801 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We purified the major glycolipids in the class of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). MGDG was an inhibitor of the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, but DGDG and SQDG had no such cytotoxic effect. Therefore, we studied MGDG and its monoacyglycerol-form, monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG), in detail. MGMG with one fatty acid molecule was obtained from MGDG with two fatty acid molecules by hydrolyzing with a pancreatic lipase. MGMG was also found to prevent the cancer cell growth. MGDG was a potent inhibitor of replicative DNA polymerases such as alpha, delta and epsilon. MGMG inhibited the activities of all mammalian DNA polymerases including repair-related DNA polymerase beta with IC(50) values of 8.5-36 microg/mL, and the inhibition by MGMG was stronger than that by MGDG. Both MGDG and MGMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and subsequently induced severe apoptosis. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these glycolipids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Murakami C, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Takahashi S, Ohta K, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Structure-function relationship of synthetic sulfoquinovosyl-acylglycerols as mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 403:229-36. [PMID: 12139972 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that sulfo-glycolipids such as sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG) and sulfoquinovosyl-monoacylglycerol (SQMG) are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta and antineoplastic agents. Then, we succeeded in synthesizing SQDG and SQMG chemically, including their stereoisomers, glucopyranosyl-diacylglycerol (GDG) and glucopyranosyl-monoacylglycerol (GMG). In this study, we demonstrated the structure-function relationship of the synthetic sulfo-glycolipids to DNA polymerase alpha and beta and their relationship to the cytotoxic activity. Both SQDG and SQMG inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha with IC(50) values of 3-5 microM, but GMG only moderately inhibited it. GDG, diacylglycerol (DG), and monoacylglycerol (MG) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. The sulfate moiety in the quinovose was important in inhibiting the enzyme activity. The one-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQMG, GMG, and MG, prevented the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death, but the two-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQDG, GDG, and DG, did not. SQMG and GMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, but the cell cycle was not changed by MG. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2180, Hyogo, Japan
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Ohta K, Mizushina Y, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. Specific interaction between an oligosaccharide on the tumor cell surface and the novel antitumor agents, sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:893-900. [PMID: 11688993 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols (SQAG) have been shown to be potent DNA polymerase inhibitors, and to have strong antitumor activity in vivo. In this study, we investigated the mode of action of SQAG with regard to the interaction with the tumor cell surface. Of the SQAG used, the monoacyl forms (SQMG) with C18-, C18:1- or C16-fatty acids (SQMG-alphaC18, -alphaC18:1 or -alphaC16) effectively inhibited cell proliferation of a human adenocarcinoma cell line, DLD-1, but SQMG-alphaC14 and the diacyl forms (SQDG) did not. Analysis of the interaction of SQMG-alphaC18 and -alphaC18:1 on three oligosaccharides of cell surface, sLe(A), Le(X), and SM3, by flow cytometry demonstrated that the most effective interaction was observed on sLe(A). DLD-1 cells bound to SQMG-alphaC18:1-coated plates, and this binding was inhibited by monoclonal antibody against sLe(A) or SM3. However, these cells did not bind to SQMG-alphaC14-coated plates. Moreover the cytotoxic effects of SQMG-alphaC18, -alphaC18:1 on DLD-1 cells was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against sLe(A) or SM3. Our results suggested that the interaction of SQMGs and sLe(A) plays an important role in suppression of the DLD-1 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohta
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken, 278-8510, Japan
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Mizushina Y, Sugiyama Y, Yoshida H, Hanashima S, Yamazaki T, Kamisuki S, Ohta K, Takemura M, Yamaguchi T, Matsukage A, Yoshida S, Saneyoshi M, Sugawara F, Sakagauchi K. Galactosyldiacylglycerol, a mammalian DNA polymerase alpha-specific inhibitor from a sea alga, Petalonia bingbamiae. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:982-7. [PMID: 11558581 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycolipid galactosyldiacylglycerol (GDG), containing C16:0 and C18:1 fatty acids, was isolated from the sea alga Petalonia bingbamiae as a potent inhibitor of the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha (pol. alpha). GDG, however, had no effect on pol. alpha from a fish or a higher plant. The inhibition of pol. alpha by GDG was dose-dependent with an IC50 value of 54 microM. The compound did not influence the activities of other replicative DNA polymerases such as mammalian pol. delta, or repair-related enzymes such as mammalian pol. beta. GDG also did not influence the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerases such as the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I, T4 DNA polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, DNA polymerases from the higher plant, cauliflower, or DNA metabolic enzymes such as calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and deoxyribonuclease 1. Kinetic analysis of the compound showed that pol. alpha was non-competitively inhibited with respect to both the DNA template and the nucleotide substrate. In this study, we demonstrated the structure-function relationship in the selective inhibition of pol. alpha by the glycolipid group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizushina
- Department of Nutritional Science, and High Technology Research Center, Kobe-Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan.
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Hanashima S, Mizushina Y, Yamazaki T, Ohta K, Takahashi S, Sahara H, Sakaguchi K, Sugawar F. Synthesis of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols, inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha and beta. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:367-76. [PMID: 11249129 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (SQMGs), bearing diverse fatty acids, were synthesized from D-glucose, and were examined for enzymatic inhibitions of DNA polymerase alpha and beta. These results indicated that the carbon numbers of the fatty acids were highly related to the activities, at least in vitro, of eukaryotic DNA polymerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanashima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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