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Liu L, Wang Q, Wu L, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang H, Guo L, Fang Z, Wang X. Overexpression of POLA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is involved in immune infiltration and predicts a poor prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 37452331 PMCID: PMC10349470 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second malignancy worldwide. POLA2 initiates DNA replication, regulates cell cycle and gene repair that promote tumorigenesis and disease progression. However, the prognostic and biological function roles of POLA2 in HCC had not been conclusively determined. METHODS The expression levels and prognosis role of POLA1 and POLA2 in HCC were analyzed based on TCGA-LIHC database and recruited 24 HCC patients. Gene mutations were analyzed using "maftools" package. POLA2 and immune cells correlations were analyzed by TIMER. POLA2 co-expressed genes functional enrichment were evaluated using Metascape. The mRNA and protein level of POLA2 was detected in HCC cells and tissues. Cell migration, invasion, proliferation, cell cycle and HCC cell lines derived xenograft model were performed to investigate POLA2 biological function. RESULTS POLA2 was significantly high expressed in HCC than in normal liver tissue in both TCGA-LIHC and our collected HCC samples. In validation cohort, POLA2 significantly related to tumor differentiation, tumor size and Ki-67 (p < 0.05). In TCGA-LIHC cohort, overexpression of POLA2 predicted a low OS and associated with different clinical stages. Multivariate Cox regression showed overexpression of POLA2 effectively distinguished the prognosis at different T, N, M, stages and grades of HCC. POLA2 expression correlated with mutation burden, immune cells infiltration and immune-associated genes expression of HCC. Functional enrichment revealed that POLA2 co-expressed genes were linked to cellular activity, plasma membrane protein complex and leukocyte activity, immune response-regulated cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and immune response-regulated signaling pathway. Moreover, POLA2 was also positively co-expressed with some immune checkpoints (CD274, CTL-4, HAVCR2, PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, TIGIT, and LAG3) (p < 0.001). Gene knockdown revealed that POLA2 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of SMMC-7721 and HepG2. The HCC xenograft tumor model also demonstrated remarkably tumor size inhibition, tumor proliferation inhibtion and tumor necrosis promotion when POLA2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS POLA2 influenced immune microenvironment and tumor progression of HCC indicated that it might be a potential molecular marker for prognostic evaluation or a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
- Taizhou Hospital Library, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive, System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zheping Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuequan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive, System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China.
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Forwood DL, Holman DB, Meale SJ, Chaves AV. Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria. Fermentation 2022; 8:699. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the fermentation quality, nutritive profile, in vitro fermentation, and microbial communities colonising sorghum ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture (chopped beans, carrot, and onion (1:1:1) ) including: (1)−100% sorghum; (2)−80% sorghum + 20% vegetable mix or (3)−60% sorghum + 40% vegetable mix, on a dry matter (DM) basis, with or without a probiotic inoculant. Samples were obtained across 0, 1, 3, 5,7, and 101 days ensiling and after 14 d aerobic exposure. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS1 region were sequenced to profile bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Compared to the 0% DM, ethanol increased (p < 0.01) from 8.42 to 20.4 ± 1.32 mM with 40% DM vegetable mix inclusion, while lactate decreased from 5.93 to 2.24 ± 0.26 mM. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that relative abundances of 12 bacterial taxa were influenced by silage treatments (log LDA score ≥ 4.02; p ≤ 0.03), while predicted functional pathways of alternative carbohydrate metabolism (hexitol, sulfoquinovose and glycerol degradation; N-acetyl glucosamine biosynthesis; log LDA score ≥ 2.04; p ≤ 0.02) were similarly enriched. This study indicated that carbohydrate metabolism by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria can increase the feed value of sorghum when ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture at 40%DM, without requiring a high quantity of lactate.
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Ranjha MMAN, Różańska MB, Irfan S, Shafique B, Rahim MA, Khalid MZ, Abdi G, Kowalczewski PŁ. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1075-1093. [PMID: 36133422 PMCID: PMC9462539 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are becoming an increasingly frequent topic of discussion, both scientific and social, due to the dissemination of information and exchange of experiences in the media. Plant-based diets are considered beneficial for human health due to the supply of many valuable nutrients, including health-promoting compounds. Replacing meat-based foods with plant-based products will provide many valuable compounds, including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and some ω3 fatty acids. Due to their high nutritional and functional composition, plant-based foods are beneficial in acute and chronic diseases. This article attempts to review the literature to present the most important data on nutrients of plant-based foods that can then help in the prevention of many diseases, such as different infections, such as coronavirus disease, pneumonia, common cold and flu, asthma, and bacterial diseases, such as bronchitis. A properly structured plant-based diet not only provides the necessary nutrients but also can help in the prevention of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Barbara Różańska
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shafeeqa Irfan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Shafique
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
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Jala RCR, Vudhgiri S, Kumar CG. A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lyu J, Gao R, Guo Z. Galactosyldiacylglycerols: From a Photosynthesis-Associated Apparatus to Structure-Defined In Vitro Assembling. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8910-8928. [PMID: 33793221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being ubiquitously present in plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria and as the major constituents of thylakoid membranes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) make up approximately 52 and 26%, respectively, of chloroplast lipids. Thylakoid membranes harbor the photosynthetic complexes and numerous essential biochemical pathways where MGDG and DGDG play a central role in facilitating photosynthesis light reaction, maintaining chloroplast morphology, and responding to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these galactolipids are also bioactive compounds with antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory activities and important nutritional value. These characteristics are strictly dependent upon their fatty acyl chain length, olefinic nature, and stereoconfiguration. However, their application potentials are practically untapped, largely as a result of the fact that their availability in large quantity and high purity (structured galactolipids) is challenging. In addition to laborious extraction from natural sources, in vitro assembling of these molecules could be a promising alternative. Thus, this review updates the latest advances in elucidating biosynthesis paths of MGDG and DGDG and related enzyme systems, which present invaluable inspiration to design approaches for a retrosynthesis of galactolipids. More critically, this work summarizes recent developments in the biological and enzymatic syntheses of galactolipids, especially the strategic scenarios for the construction of in vitro enzymatic and/or chemoenzymatic synthesis routes. Protein engineering of enzymes involved in the synthesis of MGDG and DGDG to improve their properties is highlighted, and the applications of galactolipids in foods and medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lyu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Fischer J, Treblin M, Sitz T, Rohn S. Development of a targeted HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulfolipids from a cyanobacterium, selected leafy vegetables, and a microalgae species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1941-1954. [PMID: 33483837 PMCID: PMC7925498 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of macro- and microalgae, as well as cyanobacteria, becomes increasingly important for human nutrition, even in Western diets. Health effects, positive as well as negative, are believed to result mainly from minor components in the food. In macro- and microalgae as well as in certain cyanobacteria, one class of such minor compounds is sulfolipids, more precisely sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) derivatives. SQMGs and SQDGs consist of a diacylglycerol esterified with varying fatty acid combinations and a sulfoquinovose moiety. Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated hexose analogous to D-glucose, but featuring a stable carbon-sulfur bond. With regard to their chemical structure, SQDGs can be distinguished according to their sn1- and sn2-bound fatty acids. Although there is great interest in SQDGs, because of their controversially discussed bioactivities, only a negligible number of comprehensive methods for identification and quantification has been published, so far. Within this work, a sample preparation including a quantitative isolation of SQDGs from selected raw materials, a clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of different, intact SQMGs and SQDGs were developed and validated. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated by comparing a prominent cyanobacterium (Arthrospira sp.) with a microalgae preparation (Chlorella vulgaris), and selected leafy vegetables (spinach, basil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Treblin
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sitz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e.V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806, Bad Belzig, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
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Rafiei F, Niknam N, Shiran B, Kohpayegani JA, Jafari P. Insight into morphological and molecular variations across Iranian spinach landraces. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1567-78. [PMID: 33534116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinach is salt-tolerant leafy vegetable stemmed from central Asia. It has been well adapted to different climates of Iran. We aimed to study genetic diversity between several landraces as a prerequisite for crop improvement programs using molecular markers including microsatellites (SSRs) and morphological traits. Genetic diversity was studied among 22 spinach landraces using morphological and molecular tools. We developed 17 genic and genomic SSR markers based on the information acquired from NCBI resources. Morphological evaluation indicated high variability for economic traits including leaf color, leaf thickness, leaf wrinkle and seed type, across Iranian landraces. The molecular results exhibited that 12 out of 17 primer pairs successfully amplified genomic DNA with explicit bands. The results verified that genic markers were superior to genomic markers to detect polymorphism and genetic diversity. In this regard, PIC for genomic and genic SSRs was in the range of 0.4616-0.6621 and 0.5188-0.7394, respectively. Polymorphic genic SSRs were identified to be directly and indirectly involved in biotic/abiotic stresses. High degree of polymorphism, which was detected across the landraces by genic SSRs, could assist us to select 11 landraces for the second experiment. The second experiment was designed to evaluate the response of selected landraces to salinity stress. The results confirmed genetic variability among the landraces in terms of salinity tolerance. A highly diverse germplasm of Iranian spinach based on molecular and morphological characteristics along with the tolerance to oxidative stress provides an ample opportunity for plant breeders to select superior genotypes.
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi F, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Thylakoids in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Issues. Food Reviews International 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gutierrez RMP, Velazquez EG, Carrera SPP. Spinacia oleracea Linn Considered as One of the Most Perfect Foods: A Pharmacological and Phytochemical Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1666-1680. [PMID: 31161986 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190603090347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: :
Leaves of Spinacia oleracea have been widely used as vegetarian foods.
Some studies on the chemical composition of spinach have shown that it contains a high content of micronutrients
(vitamins and minerals), and has an important economic value with some agronomic advantages.
S. oleracea in traditional medicine is reported to cure more than one health problem.
Objective: :
This review focuses on the ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological and phytochemical
studies of Spinacia oleracea.
Method: :
Information on S. oleracea was obtained via electronic search of scientific databases such as
Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scirus, Science Direct, Scielo, Web of Science, Medline, Springerlink,
BioMed Central (BMC), and SciFinder for publications on this plant. In addition, books on medicinal
herbs were also consulted.
Results: :
Approximately 100 chemical compounds were isolated and characterized from S. oleracea.
The major active components of the plant are flavones, flavanols, methylenedioxyflavonol glucuronides,
glucuronides, and carotenoids, which were extensively investigated. This review revealed potential
pharmacological properties of these isolated compounds such as anti-obesity, anti-α-amylase, bileacid
binding capacity, anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cognitive and mood
effect, hypoglycemic, and anti-hypertriglyceridemia.
Conclusions::
S. oleracea is an important edible plant also used for ethnomedical therapy of obesity, inflammation
of lungs, lumbago, flatulence, and treatment of urinary calculi. Pharmacological and phytochemical
studies of this plant including bioactives, which have been adequately studied, support its
uses in traditional medicine. Additionally, prospects and future trends of this plant are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp 07708, Mexico
| | - Elisa Gutierrez Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp 07708, Mexico
| | - Silvia Patricia Paredes Carrera
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales Sustentables, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos S/N Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Ciudad de Mexico, cp. 07708, Mexico
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Asemani Y, Zamani N, Bayat M, Amirghofran Z. Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3019-3039. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Asemani
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Nasrindokht Zamani
- Research Center for Persian Medicine and History MedicineShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Bayat
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Salehi B, Tumer TB, Ozleyen A, Peron G, Dall’acqua S, Rajkovic J, Naz R, Nosheen A, Mudau FN, Labanca F, Milella L, de Tommasi N, Coutinho HD, Sharifi-rad J, Verma DR, Martorell M, Martins N. Plants of the genus Spinacia: From bioactive molecules to food and phytopharmacological applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019; 88:260-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Scrob
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Hosu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Cimpoiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Burrichter A, Denger K, Franchini P, Huhn T, Müller N, Spiteller D, Schleheck D. Anaerobic Degradation of the Plant Sugar Sulfoquinovose Concomitant With H 2S Production: Escherichia coli K-12 and Desulfovibrio sp. Strain DF1 as Co-culture Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2792. [PMID: 30546350 PMCID: PMC6278857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is produced by plants and other phototrophs and its biodegradation is a relevant component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. SQ is known to be degraded by aerobic bacterial consortia in two tiers via C3-organosulfonates as transient intermediates to CO2, water and sulfate. In this study, we present a first laboratory model for anaerobic degradation of SQ by bacterial consortia in two tiers to acetate and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). For the first tier, SQ-degrading Escherichia coli K-12 was used. It catalyzes the fermentation of SQ to 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS), succinate, acetate and formate, thus, a novel type of mixed-acid fermentation. It employs the characterized SQ Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, as confirmed by mutational and proteomic analyses. For the second tier, a DHPS-degrading Desulfovibrio sp. isolate from anaerobic sewage sludge was used, strain DF1. It catalyzes another novel fermentation, of the DHPS to acetate and H2S. Its DHPS desulfonation pathway was identified by differential proteomics and demonstrated by heterologously produced enzymes: DHPS is oxidized via 3-sulfolactaldehyde to 3-sulfolactate (SL) by two NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases (DhpA, SlaB); the SL is cleaved by an SL sulfite-lyase known from aerobic bacteria (SuyAB) to pyruvate and sulfite. The pyruvate is oxidized to acetate, while the sulfite is used as electron acceptor in respiration and reduced to H2S. In conclusion, anaerobic sulfidogenic SQ degradation was demonstrated as a novel link in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. SQ is also a constituent of the green-vegetable diet of herbivores and omnivores and H2S production in the intestinal microbiome has many recognized and potential contributions to human health and disease. Hence, it is important to examine bacterial SQ degradation also in the human intestinal microbiome, in relation to H2S production, dietary conditions and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burrichter
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,The Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Denger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Huhn
- The Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicolai Müller
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,The Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Schleheck
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,The Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Granafei S, Losito I, Palmisano F, Cataldi TRI. Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono- and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:1499-1509. [PMID: 28657161 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides (SQDG) in the lipid extracts of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves were investigated. The aim of this work was to assess and establish the chemical characterization of fatty acyl chains in sulfolipids (SQMG and SQDG) and their regiochemistry. METHODS A key component of this approach is a combination of hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra, which is a sn1 -regioselective hydrolase enzyme, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and sequential mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI-MS) by collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MSn (n = 2, 3). RESULTS The occurrence of SQMG bearing 16:0 or 18:3 acyl chains was established for the first time. A regiochemistry-dependent fragmentation pattern of SQMG was attained whereby the sulfoquinovosyl anion ([C6 H11 O8 S]- at m/z 243.0) provides a diagnostic product ion. Regioselective enzymatic treatment also provided a posteriori confirmation of a widely accepted fragmentation rule for SQDG. The sulfoquinovosyl anion was found to play a role also in the fragmentation pattern of SQDG, whose regiochemical assignment could be ultimately confirmed by MS3 experiments. CONCLUSIONS The predominant sulfolipid in leaf extracts of raw parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was identified as SQDG 18:3/16:0, along with SQMG 18:3/0:0 and SQMG 16:0/0:0. The present CID-MS-based method can be considered a successful approach to validate the regiochemical characterization of sulfolipids paving the way for their unambiguous characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granafei
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Campus Universitario, Bari, Italy
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Goddard-borger ED, Williams SJ. Sulfoquinovose in the biosphere: occurrence, metabolism and functions. Biochem J 2017; 474:827-49. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonated carbohydrate sulfoquinovose (SQ) is produced in quantities estimated at some 10 billion tonnes annually and is thus a major participant in the global sulfur biocycle. SQ is produced by most photosynthetic organisms and incorporated into the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), as well as within some archaea for incorporation into glycoprotein N-glycans. SQDG is found mainly within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, where it appears to be important for membrane structure and function and for optimal activity of photosynthetic protein complexes. SQDG metabolism within the sulfur cycle involves complex biosynthetic and catabolic processes. SQDG biosynthesis is largely conserved within plants, algae and bacteria. On the other hand, two major sulfoglycolytic pathways have been discovered for SQDG degradation, the sulfo-Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (sulfo-EMP) and sulfo-Entner–Doudoroff (sulfo-ED) pathways, which mirror the major steps in the glycolytic EMP and ED pathways. Sulfoglycolysis produces C3-sulfonates, which undergo biomineralization to inorganic sulfur species, completing the sulfur cycle. This review discusses the discovery and structural elucidation of SQDG and archaeal N-glycans, the occurrence, distribution, and speciation of SQDG, and metabolic pathways leading to the biosynthesis of SQDG and its catabolism through sulfoglycolytic and biomineralization pathways to inorganic sulfur.
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Jain CK, Majumder HK, Roychoudhury S. Natural Compounds as Anticancer Agents Targeting DNA Topoisomerases. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:75-92. [PMID: 28503091 PMCID: PMC5321768 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160808125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are important cellular enzymes found in almost all types of living cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic). These enzymes are essential for various DNA metabolic processes e.g. replication, transcription, recombination, chromosomal decatenation etc. These enzymes are important molecular drug targets and inhibitors of these enzymes are widely used as effective anticancer and antibacterial drugs. However, topoisomerase inhibitors have some therapeutic limitations and they exert serious side effects during cancer chemotherapy. Thus, development of novel anticancer topoisomerase inhibitors is necessary for improving cancer chemotherapy. Nature serves as a repertoire of structurally and chemically diverse molecules and in the recent years many DNA topoisomerase inhibitors have been identified from natural sources. The present review discusses anticancer properties and therapeutic importance of eighteen recently identified natural topoisomerase inhibitors (from the year 2009 to 2015). Structural characteristics of these novel inhibitors provide backbones for designing and developing new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Kumar Jain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre & Research Institute, M G Road, Thakurpukur, Kolkata-700 063, India
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Akasaka H, Mizushina Y, Yoshida K, Ejima Y, Mukumoto N, Wang T, Inubushi S, Nakayama M, Wakahara Y, Sasaki R. MGDG extracted from spinach enhances the cytotoxicity of radiation in pancreatic cancer cells. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:153. [PMID: 27876069 PMCID: PMC5120455 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) purified from spinach was found to have cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines. This study further assessed whether MGDG can enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiation in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Glycoglycerolipids from spinach including MGDG were extracted from dried spinach. The cytotoxicity of MGDG were evaluated by the MTT assay using four human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of radiation and MGDG alone or in combination in MIAPaCa-2 cells was analyzed with the colony forming and apoptosis assays, western blotting and cell cycle and DNA damage analyses (γ-H2AX foci staining and comet assay). The inhibitory effects on tumor growth were assessed in a mouse xenograft tumor model. RESULTS MGDG showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in PANC-1, BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells at 72 h of 25.6 ± 2.5, 26.9 ± 1.3, 18.5 ± 1.7, and 22.7 ± 1.9 μM, respectively. The colony forming assay revealed fewer MIAPaCa-2, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cell colonies upon treatment with both MGDG and radiation as compared to irradiation alone (P < 0.05). The combination of MGDG and radiation induced a higher proportion of apoptosis in MIAPaCa-2 cells; this effect was associated with increased mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3. DNA damage was detected and DNA repair mechanisms were more frequently impaired in cells receiving the combination treatment as compared to either one alone. Tumor growth was inhibited to a greater degree in mice treated by intratumoral injection of MGDG combined with irradiation as compared to either one alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating that MGDG enhances the cytotoxicity of radiation to induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that this therapeutic combination can be an effective strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Akasaka
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa-mura, Kamiina-gun, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ejima
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naritoshi Mukumoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inubushi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakahara
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
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Ishida M, Ose S, Nishi K, Sugahara T. Immunostimulatory effect of spinach aqueous extract on mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1146068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We herein report the immunostimulatory effect of spinach aqueous extract (SAE) on mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. SAE significantly enhanced the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α by both J774.1 cells and peritoneal macrophages by enhancing the expression levels of these cytokine genes. In addition, the phagocytosis activity of J774.1 cells was facilitated by SAE. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SAE activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB cascades. It was found that SAE activates macrophages through not only TLR4, but also other receptors. The production of IL-6 was significantly enhanced by peritoneal macrophages from SAE-administered BALB/c mice, suggesting that SAE has a potential to stimulate macrophage activity in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that SAE would be a beneficial functional food with immunostimulatory effects on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Ishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Saya Ose
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ainan, Japan
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Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against common chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Leafy green vegetables, in particular, are recognized as having substantial health-promoting activities that are attributed to the functional properties of their nutrients and non-essential chemical compounds. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is widely regarded as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, which includes vitamins and minerals, and to its phytochemicals and bioactives that promote health beyond basic nutrition. Spinach-derived phytochemicals and bioactives are able to (i) scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent macromolecular oxidative damage, (ii) modulate expression and activity of genes involved in metabolism, proliferation, inflammation, and antioxidant defence, and (iii) curb food intake by inducing secretion of satiety hormones. These biological activities contribute to the anti-cancer, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of spinach. Despite these valuable attributes, spinach consumption remains low in comparison to other leafy green vegetables. This review examines the functional properties of spinach in cell culture, animals and humans with a focus on the molecular mechanisms by which spinach-derived non-essential phytochemicals and bioactives, such as glycolipids and thylakoids, impart their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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22
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Inafuku M, Takara K, Taira N, Nugara RN, Kamiyama Y, Oku H. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol: An abundant galactosyllipid of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaves inhibits the expression of gene encoding fatty acid synthase. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:509-516. [PMID: 27064010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY (CL) significantly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and the expression of fatty acid synthase gene (FASN) in mice. PURPOSE We aimed to purify and identify the active compound(s) from CL and determine the inhibitory mechanism of expression of FASN. METHODS We purified monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from extracts of CL (CL-MGDG) and showed that it was the active CL component through analyses of its effects on the expression of genes of human breast cancer cell line, SKBR-3. RESULTS The content and fatty acid composition of CL-MGDG are distinctly different from those of other vegetable-derived MGDGs. Treatment of SKBR-3 cells with MGDG decreased the level of FASN mRNA as well as the levels of mRNA encoding other protein involved in lipogenesis. Further, MGDG treatments significantly inhibited luciferase activities of constructs containing liver X receptor response element in FASN promoter region without altering the levels of mRNA encoding transcription factors. MGDG and the FASN inhibitor C75 decreased the viabilities of SKBR-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CL-MGDG more potently inhibited cell viability than a commercial MGDG preparation. CONCLUSIONS CL represents a good source of glycoglycerolipids with potential as functional ingredients of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kensaku Takara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taira
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ruwani N Nugara
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | | | - Hirosuke Oku
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Guzman-Puyol S, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Ceseracciu L, Hajiali H, Canale C, Scarpellini A, Cingolani R, Bayer IS, Athanassiou A, Mele E. Low-Cost and Effective Fabrication of Biocompatible Nanofibers from Silk and Cellulose-Rich Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:526-534. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hadi Hajiali
- DIBRIS, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 13, Genova 16145, Italy
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Hoyo J, Guaus E, Torrent-Burgués J. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol role, physical states, applications and biomimetic monolayer films. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2016; 39:39. [PMID: 27021656 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of biomimetic membranes using galactolipids has not been expressed in any extensive experimental study of these lipids. Thus, on the one hand, we present an in-depth article about the presence and role of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in thylakoid membranes, their physical states and their applications. On the other hand, we use the Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques to prepare biomimetic monolayers of saturated galactolipids MGDG, DGDG and MGDG:DGDG 2:1 mixture (MD)--biological ratio--. These monolayers are studied using surface pressure-area isotherms and their data are processed to enlighten their physical states and mixing behaviour. These monolayers, once transferred to a solid substrate at several surface pressures are topographically studied on mica using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and using cyclic voltammetry for studying the electrochemical behaviour of the monolayers once transferred to indium-tin oxide (ITO), which has good optical and electrical properties. Moreover, MD presents other differences in comparison with its pure components that are explained by the presence of different kinds of galactosyl headgroups that restrict the optimal orientation of the MGDG headgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hoyo
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ester Guaus
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torrent-Burgués
- Group of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Dpt. Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang J, Li C, Yu G, Guan H. Total synthesis and structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3634-59. [PMID: 24945415 DOI: 10.3390/md12063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined.
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Abstract
In this study, Drosophila melanogaster males were treated with parsley plant extract and the anticancer drug vincristine (VCR) singly and in combined treatments (pre, co and post-treatments) to detect the mutagenic effects by using sex-linked recessive lethal test (SLRL) and estimation of cholinesterase enzyme (ChE) activities in order to compare the sensitivity of the two test systems. A wild type strain Oregon-R (Or-R) male flies of D. melanogaster were reared on a medium containing one concentration of each of VCR and parsley (4 ml/100 ml medium) in each single and combined treatment. Also the activity of ChE was estimated in some insects of the two generations: F1 females, F2 bar eye females (heterozygous) and F2 wild types males. The results indicate that both of parsley and vincristine did not cause significant increases of SLRL test in either the single or combined treatments. In contrast, estimation of ChE activities showed significant increase in all the broods within single and combination treatments, except female of the second generation of spermatid brood which treated with parsley and VCR at the same time. It is concluded that enzyme estimation is more sensitive than SLRL test for detection the mutagenic effect for parsley's extract and vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Y M Alakilli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdelaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Akasaka H, Sasaki R, Yoshida K, Takayama I, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, a replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, from spinach enhances the anti-cell proliferation effect of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ishida M, Nishi K, Watanabe H, Sugahara T. Inhibitory effect of aqueous spinach extract on degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Food Chem 2013; 136:322-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Oral administration of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol from spinach inhibits colon tumor growth in mice. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:17-22. [PMID: 23251235 PMCID: PMC3524182 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we observed that purified monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), a major glycoglycerolipid from spinach, selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases (α, δ and ε). However, the function of MGDG following ingestion is not well-known. In the present study, spinach MGDG suppressed the proliferation of Colon26 mouse colon cancer cells with an LD50 of 24 μg/ml in vitro. γ-cyclodextrin (CD)-MGDG complex was prepared and administered orally following Colon26 mouse tumor adhesion for 26 days. It was observed that 20 mg/kg equivalent (eq.) of the CD-MGDG complex reduced tumor volume by ∼60% compared with that of the vehicle-treated controls. In immunohistochemical analysis, the CD-MGDG complex group showed a decreased number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and reduction of mitosis in the tumor cells compared with the control group. In addition, the CD-MGDG complex increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic cells and inhibited CD31-positive tumor blood vessel growth significantly. These results suggest that MGDG has the potential for cancer prevention and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180
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Hoyo J, Torrent-Burgués J, Guaus E. Biomimetic monolayer films of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol incorporating ubiquinone. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 384:189-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sacoman JL, Badish LN, Sharkey TD, Hollingsworth RI. The metabolic and biochemical impact of glucose 6-sulfonate (sulfoquinovose), a dietary sugar, on carbohydrate metabolism. Carbohydr Res 2012; 362:21-9. [PMID: 23069484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased activity of the main carbohydrate pathways (glycolysis, pentose phosphate, and hexosamine biosynthetic pathways) is one of the hallmarks of metabolic diseases such as cancer. Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol is a sulfoglycolipid found in the human diet that possesses anticancer activity that is absent when its carbohydrate moiety (glucose 6-sulfonate or sulfoquinovose) is removed. This work used bacterial systems to further understand the metabolism of this sugar through three main carbohydrate processing pathways and how this could influence its biological activity. Using (13)C NMR spectroscopy and enzyme assays, we showed that glucose 6-sulfonate cannot enter the pentose phosphate pathway, hence decreasing pentose and nucleotide biosyntheses. In glycolysis, glucose 6-sulfonate only provides one pyruvate per monosaccharide molecule, decreasing the flux of this pathway by half when compared to glucose 6-phosphate. Glucose 6-sulfonate can enter the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway by producing glucosamine 6-sulfonate, which is a reported antibacterial agent that competitively inhibits hexosamine production. All these interactions with carbohydrate routes might help explain the observed anticancer activity that glucose 6-sulfonate has in vitro. This adds to our knowledge of how vegetables rich in glucose 6-sulfonate can also act as metabolic inhibitors of pathways that are increased in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L Sacoman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Tsai CJ, Sun Pan B. Identification of sulfoglycolipid bioactivities and characteristic fatty acids of marine macroalgae. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:8404-8410. [PMID: 22827609 DOI: 10.1021/jf302241d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of 21 species of marine macroalgae, including 5 species of Chlorophyta (green algae), 13 of Rhodophyta (red algae), and 3 of Heterokontophyta (brown algae), were collected from northeastern Taiwan to survey their functional lipids. The lipid contents of green algae ranged from 15.36 to 20.15 mg/g, dry basis (db), and were characterized by a high content of C18:2 and C18:3, red algae (18.57-28.34 mg/g db) were high in C20:4 and C20:5, and brown algae (13.11-19.56 mg/g db) were high in C18:4, C20:4, and C:20:5. All algal lipids contained fatty acids of odd-number carbons, C17:0, and C17:1. Red algae had relatively higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and were richer in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than green and brown algae. A red alga, Porphyra crispata , was extracted with ethanol and separated on a hydrophobic column (Diaion HP-20 column) to obtain sulfoglycolipids (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, SQDGs). The main fatty acids in SQDGs were palmitic acid (C16:0), 33.3%; EPA (C20:5), 30.0%; arachidonic acid (C20:4), 12.7%; oleic acid (C18:1), 7.52%; and stearic acid (C18:0), 6.83%. The n-3/n-6 ratio was 1.9, whereas the authentic standard, spinach SQDG, did not contain n-3 fatty acids. Sulfoglycolipids inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The IC50 was 126 μg/mL, which is lower than that of the spinach SQDG (255 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jung Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University , Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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MIZUSHINA YOSHIYUKI, HADA TAKAHIKO, YOSHIDA HIROMI. In vivo antitumor effect of liposomes with sialyl Lewis X including monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, a replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, from spinach. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:821-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Song SX, Wu ML, He XP, Zhou YB, Sheng L, Li J, Chen GR. The anomeric mixture of some O-galactolipid derivatives is more toxic against cancer cells than either anomer alone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2030-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Song SX, Zhang HL, Kim CG, Sheng L, He XP, Long YT, Li J, Chen GR. Expeditious preparation of triazole-linked glycolipids via microwave accelerated click chemistry and their electrochemical and biological assessments. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schwanke A, Murruzzu C, Zdrazil B, Zuhse R, Natek M, Höltje M, Korting HC, Reissig HU, Höltje HD, Schäfer-Korting M. Antitumor effects of guanosine-analog phosphonates identified by molecular modelling. Int J Pharm 2010; 397:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shiota A, Hada T, Baba T, Sato M, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto H, Taketani Y, Takeda E. Protective effects of glycoglycerolipids extracted from spinach on 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucosal injury. J Med Invest 2010; 57:314-20. [PMID: 20847532 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.57.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids are mostly found in plants, however the beneficial effects of the glycoglycerolipids on mammalian body have not been understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of glycolipid extracts from spinach, which highly contained glycoglycerolipids, on mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in rats. Preadministration of glycolipid extracts from spinach (20 mg/kg body weight) prevented villous atrophy, misaligned crypts, and increased inflammatory cytokines in rat jejunum treated with 5-FU (300 mg/kg body weight) compared with the extracts from soybean. The glycolipid extracts from spinach highly contained monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) and diglactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG). In Caco-2 cells, MGDG and DGDG inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species induced by phorbol ester. We concluded that glycolipid extracts from spinach has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and the extract may be useful for prevention of drug-induced mucosal injury and other inflammatory diseases. Tokushima
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shiota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Höltje M, Richartz A, Zdrazil B, Schwanke A, Dugovic B, Murruzzu C, Reißig HU, Korting HC, Kleuser B, Höltje HD, Schäfer-Korting M. Human polymerase α inhibitors for skin tumors. Part 2. Modeling, synthesis and influence on normal and transformed keratinocytes of new thymidine and purine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:250-65. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903059579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Höltje
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Richartz
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Schwanke
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Branislav Dugovic
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Murruzzu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reißig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie (Organische Chemie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Korting
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Höltje
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institut für Pharmazie (Pharmakologie und Toxikologie) der Freien Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ntchatcho G, Verotta L, Finzi PV, Zanoni G, Vidari G. A New β-D-Glucopyranosyl 2-Oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate from the Cameroonian Plant Combretum bracteatum. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From the Cameroonian plant Combretum bracteatum (Laws.) Engl. and Diels a new compound, β-D-glucopyranosyl 3β,19α-dihydroxy-2-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oate, was isolated along with three known ursane and oleane triterpenes and two galactopyranosyl lipids. This represents the first example of a naturally occurring 2-oxo-urs-12-enoic acid derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Ntchatcho
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Vita Finzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Lenti M, Gentili C, Pianezzi A, Marcolongo G, Lalli A, Cancedda R, Cancedda FD. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol anti-inflammatory activity on adult articular cartilage. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:754-62. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802456956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effects of preventive and curative orally administered spinach glycoglycerolipid fraction on the tumor growth of sarcoma and colon in mouse graft models. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yunoki K, Sato M, Seki K, Ohkubo T, Tanaka Y, Ohnishi M. Simultaneous Quantification of Plant Glyceroglycolipids Including Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol by HPLC–ELSD with Binary Gradient Elution. Lipids 2009; 44:77-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Kumamoto-yonezawa Y, Kuriyama I, Hada T, Sato N, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Anti-Tumor Effect of Orally Administered Spinach Glycolipid Fraction on Implanted Cancer Cells, Colon-26, in Mice. Lipids 2008; 43:741-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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LARSEN ERIK, CHRISTENSEN LARSP. COMMON VEGETABLES AND FRUITS AS A SOURCE OF 1,2-DI-O-?-LINOLENOYL-3-O-?-D-GALACTOPYRANOSYL-sn-GLYCEROL, A POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTITUMOR AGENT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2007.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Furukawa T, Nishida M, Hada T, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F, Kobayashi S, Iijima H, Shimada H, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effect of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol on prokaryotic DNA polymerase I activity and cell growth of Escherichia coli. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:43-7. [PMID: 17693698 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated the glycolipids fraction from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and found that the fraction inhibited the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli (E. coli) and cell growth of E. coli. The fraction contained mainly three glycolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), and purified SQDG inhibited these activities, however, purified MGDG and DGDG had no influence. In the tested strains of E. coli, SQDG inhibited the cell proliferation of the JM109 strain. It could be considered that a SQDG-containing thylakoid membrane in plant chloroplasts might have anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furukawa
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, JAPAN
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Herrero M, Vicente MJ, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E. Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the lipid fraction of Spirulina platensis pressurized ethanol extract. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2007; 21:1729-38. [PMID: 17487827 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been suggested as a potential source for new functional ingredients, making possible the development of new functional foods from natural origin. Among the natural ingredients, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have generally been identified as an interesting group of compounds with biological activity, mainly related to their anti-inflammatory properties. In this regard, the use of environmentally friendly extraction procedures (e.g. pressurized liquid extraction, PLE) to obtain such natural ingredients is also becoming necessary. In this work, an exhaustive characterization of the lipid fraction of a pressurized ethanolic extract of the microalga Spirulina platensis is carried out. To achieve this objective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) is employed. The use of the QTOF analyzer allows the selection and isolation of precursor ions as well as providing the high efficiency, sensitivity and mass accuracy required. By means of this powerful hyphenated technique, it was possible to identify several polar lipids in an extract of S. platensis (some of them, to our knowledge, described for the first time in this work), including four free fatty acids, four monogalactosyl monoacylglycerols, three phosphatidylglycerols and two sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Roy MK, Takenaka M, Isobe S, Tsushida T. Antioxidant potential, anti-proliferative activities, and phenolic content in water-soluble fractions of some commonly consumed vegetables: Effects of thermal treatment. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Do certain kinds of food contain pharmacologically active substances in concentrations that are high enough to have druglike effects when consumed? Are biologically active compounds in food indicative of therapeutic value? Is traditional drug development suitable for testing the merits of food? Is it ethical to test food as a drug on patients? Will dietary disease management remain a pipedream? Is it a fact or fantasy that the Mediterranean diet is beneficial to health? Is a vegetarian diet an elimination therapy, or one of supplementation? What can be learned from animals? Are humans losing the capability of listening to their bodies? In this review, we will address these questions--providing food for thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tulp
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories Weesp, Department of Intellectual Property and Scientific Information, C.J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands.
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