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Abbasi HN, Ahmad W, Shahzad KA, Lu X. Evaluating the potential of Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum spp. for nutrient and microbial reduction from wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:293. [PMID: 38383675 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing engineered wetlands for the cultivation of vegetables can help to overcome the problems of water and food scarcity. These wetlands are primarily designed for wastewater treatment, and their efficiency and effectiveness can be improved by selecting an appropriate substrate. To investigate the potential for nutrient and microbial removal, the Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum L. plants were selected to grow in a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) under natural conditions. The removal efficiency of the A. esculentus, S. melongena, and C. annuum L. in the CW system varied between 59.8 to 68.5% for total phosphorous (TP), 40.3 to 53.1% for ammonium (NH4+), and 33.6 to 45.1% for total nitrogen (TN). The influent sample contained multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with Capsicum annuum exhibiting a positive association with 7 of the 11 detected species, whereas microbial removal efficiency was notably higher in the S. melongena bed, potentially attributed to temperature variations and plant-facilitated oxygen release rates. While utilizing constructed wetlands for vegetable cultivation holds promising potential to address the disparity between water and food supply and yield various environmental, economic, and social benefits, it is crucial to note that the wastewater source may contain heavy metals, posing a risk of their transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Ali Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Roberts K, Grace M, Cook P, Erler D, Wong WW. Stable isotopes of nitrate (δ 15N and δ 18O) as functional indicators of nitrogen processing in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165246. [PMID: 37419364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of nitrogen removal in wetlands relies heavily on the biological processes that control its removal. Here, we used δ15N and δ18O of nitrate (NO3-) to assess the presence and the dominance of transformation processes of nitrogen in two urban water treatment wetlands in Victoria, Australia over two rainfall events. Laboratory incubation experiments were undertaken in both light and dark to measure the isotopic fractionation factor of nitrogen assimilation (by periphyton and algae) and benthic denitrification (using bare sediment). Highest isotopic fractionations were observed for nitrogen assimilation by algae and periphyton in the light, 15ε = -14.6 to -25 ‰ while the 15ε = -1.5 ‰ in bare sediment, consistent with that of benthic denitrification. Transect water samplings of the wetlands showed different rainfall patterns (discrete versus continuous) affect the removal capability of the wetlands. During the discrete event sampling, the observed 15ε of NO3- (an average of 3.0 to 4.3 ‰) within the wetland falls between the experimental 15ε of benthic denitrification and assimilation; coinciding with the decrease in NO3- concentrations, suggesting that both denitrification and assimilation were important removal pathways. Depletion of δ15N-NO3- throughout the whole wetland system also suggested the influence of water column nitrification during this time. In contrast, during continuous rain events, no fractionation effect was observed within the wetland and was consistent with limited NO3- removal. The difference in fractionation factors within the wetland during different sampling conditions suggested that nitrate removal was highly likely limited by changes in overall nutrient inputs, residence time and water temperature which impeded biological uptake or removal. These highlight that consideration of sampling condition is crucial when assessing the efficacy of a wetland in removing nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keryn Roberts
- Water Studies, Monash University, Wellington, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Grace
- Water Studies, Monash University, Wellington, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Perran Cook
- Water Studies, Monash University, Wellington, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dirk Erler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Wei Wen Wong
- Water Studies, Monash University, Wellington, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Li L, Zhang J, Shi Q, Lu S. Comparison of nitrogen removal performance and mechanism from low-polluted wastewater by constructed wetlands with two oxygen supply strategies: Tidal flow and intermittent aeration. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137364. [PMID: 36427582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to dissolved oxygen (DO) limited nitrogen removal efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs), two representative oxygen-suppling CWs, i.e., tidal flow constructed wetlands (TFCWs) and intermittently aerated constructed wetlands (IACWs) were proposed to compare the effect of oxygen supply strategies on the nitrogen removal performance and mechanism. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and COD in IACWs were as high as 90.35-97.14% and 91.14-92.44%, respectively. In terms of TN, TFCWs (83.82%) showed a significantly higher removal efficiency than IACWs, and this result was derived with the flooded/drained phase (FP/DP) ratio of 21 h:3 h in TFCWs, because rhythmic FP and DP formed a high oxygen gradient at different depths of the system, which intensified the nitrification and denitrification simultaneously. The potential nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira, Azospira, Haliangium, Bradyrhizobium and Arenimonas) were enriched more significantly in TFCWs compared with IACWs, as well as Bacillus for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, which promoted nitrogen transformation together. Also, the results of molecular ecological network analysis showed that bacterial community structure in IACWs was more complex and robust than in TFCWs, because there were obviously more nodes and links as well as a higher proportion of negative interference. However, the relationship between genera in TFCWs was closer depending on shorter path distances, and the keystone genus (Nitrosomonas) in related to nitrification was considered to play an important role in nitrogen transformation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Xu D, Yin X, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Xi X, Sun H, Wang J. A review on the remediation of microplastics using constructed wetlands: Bibliometric, co-occurrence, current trends, and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134990. [PMID: 35595118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Massive prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment has become one of the world's most serious environmental concerns. Human dependence on plastics has created a constant flow of MPs from different sources into natural environment, which has raised public concern regarding consequences of MPs coming into contact with the natural environment. Deploying constructed wetlands (CWs) to reduce MPs pollution is considered a promising method, however there are still barriers for breakthroughs in this technology, particularly knowledge gaps in the mechanisms affect removal process. Recognising this, we provide a comprehensive summary of current advances and theories regarding the mechanisms of occurrence in this research area. In this work, the bibliometric methods were first used to identify annual publication trends and topical topics of research interest. The selected documents were then statistically analyzed using VOSviewer and the 'bibliometrix' package in R to derive the annual productivity of countries or organizations, the most relevant affiliations, the most relevant authors, the most relevant sources, textual analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and cluster analysis of keywords. Finally, detailed information concerning the removal of MPs by CWs was summarised, covering the most common operational and design parameters (i.e., structure types, wetland plants, substrate materials, and microbial communities), to reveal how these parameters can be adjusted for more efficient MPs removal rate. Challenges and future directions were additionally proposed. It is hoped that the review will help identify current research trends, provide insight into the mechanisms of the removal process, and contribute further to the development of this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Shi Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yanji Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xianglong Xi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, PR China
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Fernandez-Gatell M, Corbella C, Sanchez-Vila X, Puigagut J. Microbial activity enhancement in constructed wetlands operated as bioelectrochemical systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132383. [PMID: 34592205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment wetlands (TW) operated as bioelectrochemical systems (BES-TW) provide a higher degree of treatment than conventional TW. Yet, the fundamental processes or mechanisms for the envisaged better performance of BES-TW over conventional TW remains poorly understood. This work aimed to determine to which extent microbial activity enhancement could be the reason behind this treatment performance increase. To this purpose, pilot-scale horizontal sub-surface flow BES-TW operated under three different configurations were continuously fed with real urban wastewater. BES-TW were evaluated for COD and ammonia removal efficiency, and two techniques of microbial activity assessment were applied. Configurations, tested in duplicate, were: control TWs without electrodes (C-TW), TWs operated as microbial fuel cells (MFC-TW), and TWs operated as microbial electrolysis cells (MEC-TW). Microbial activity was assessed by measuring the enzymatic activity (EA) (FDA hydrolysis technique) and the aerobic activity (AA) (estimated through respirometry). Results showed that BES-TW outperformed C-TW in terms of both microbial activity enhancement and contaminants removal efficiency, especially in the case of MEC-TW. More precisely, this configuration showed an average improvement of 17%, and 56% in COD removal and EA efficiencies, respectively, compared to C-TW. Regarding AA activity, although MEC-TW seemed to outperform the rest of the configurations, differences were not statistically significant. This work demonstrates that TWs operated as BES increase the overall enzymatic activity of the treatment bed and this, in turn, is the leading cause to a higher degree of treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernandez-Gatell
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; GHS - Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Corbella
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- GHS - Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Scholes RC, Stiegler AN, Anderson CM, Sedlak DL. Enabling Water Reuse by Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: The Promise of Constructed Wetlands. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2021; 1:7-17. [PMID: 37101934 PMCID: PMC10114854 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As more cities experience water stress, the use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for wastewater treatment and reuse will expand. The concentrated waste stream resulting from RO treatment can pose chronic ecotoxicity risks if discharged to surface waters or shallow coastal ecosystems. Most existing RO concentrate treatment technologies are cost prohibitive, but constructed wetlands hold promise as a viable multibenefit solution because they have the potential to provide simultaneous treatment of nutrients, metals, and trace organic contaminants at a relatively low cost. They also are popular with the public. A handful of water-stressed cities have already begun experimenting with constructed wetlands for RO concentrate treatment. However, further research is needed to reduce the land area needed for treatment and increase the reliability of constructed wetland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Scholes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Angela N. Stiegler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cayla M. Anderson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David L. Sedlak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Yuan D, Zheng L, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Wang H, Wang S, Zhu G. Comammox activity dominates nitrification process in the sediments of plateau wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117774. [PMID: 34757282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) has increased our understanding of nitrification. Although comammox has been shown to play an important role in plain wetland ecosystems, studies of comammox contribution are still limited in plateau wetland ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the abundance, activity, community and biogeochemical mechanisms of the comammox bacteria in Yunnan-kweichow and Qinghai-Tibet plateau wetlands from elevations of 1000-5000 m. Comammox bacteria were widely distributed in all 16 sediment samples with abundances higher than 0.96 ± 0.26 × 107 copies g-1 (n = 16). Comammox showed high activity (1.18 ± 0.17 to 1.98 ± 0.08 mg N kg-1 d-1) at high-elevation (3000-5000 m) and dominated the nitrification process (activity contribution: 37.20 - 60.62%). The activity contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (1.07 ± 0.08 to 2.79 ± 0.35 mg N kg-1 d-1) dominated the nitrification process (44.55 - 64.15%) in low-elevation (1000-3000 m) samples. All detected comammox Nitrospira belonged to clade A, while clade B was not detected. Elevation always had a strongest effect on key comammox species. Thus, we infer that elevation may drive the high relative abundance of the species Candidatus Nitrospira nitrificans (avg. 12.40%) and the low relative abundance of the species Nitrospira sp. SG-bin2 (avg. 4.75%) in high-elevation samples that showed a high comammox activity (avg. 1.62 mg N kg-1 d-1) and high contribution (avg. 46.08%) to the nitrification process. These results indicate that comammox may be an important and currently underestimated microbial nitrification process in plateau wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Tunçsiper B. Nitrogen removal in an aerobic gravel filtration-sedimentation pond-constructed wetland-overland flow system treating polluted stream waters: Effects of operation parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140577. [PMID: 32763591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution in streams can be controlled by serially constructing natural wastewater treatment (NWT) systems inside streams. Therefore, a pilot-scale hybrid NWT system consisting of gravel filtration (GF), sedimentation pond (SP), gravel filtration-free water surface constructed wetland (GF-FWSCW), and gravel filtration-overland flow (GF-OF) was installed in order to prevent contamination in a stream (Nigde stream) that feeds and pollutes surface water source (Akkaya lake). The pilot-scale system was installed on a new 60 m-long channel which was located off the stream. Changes in ammonium (NH4+-N), organic nitrogen (Norg.), total nitrogen (TN), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations was routinely monitored in influent and effluent of all stages of the hybrid NWT system and the bottom sediment of the SP over a one-year operation period. According to the study results, while NH4+-N plus Norg. was reduced by an average of 75% (from 49,1 mg L-1 to 7,1 mg L-1), TN was reduced by an average of 85% (from 50,2 mg L-1 to 12,4 mg L-1). Colder seasons and higher hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) negatively affected nitrogen removal efficiency of the pilot-system. The use of vegetation and filter medium had a positive effect on the average removal efficiencies. The results showed that nitrogen pollution in polluted streams could be greatly reduced by establishing a NWT system in series within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Tunçsiper
- Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Nigde, Turkey.
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9
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Joint influence of hydraulic load and hydraulic retention time on oilfields wastewater contaminant removal dynamics in free water surface flow constructed wetland. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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10
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Xia Z, Liu G, She Z, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, Jin C. Performance and bacterial communities in unsaturated and saturated zones of a vertical-flow constructed wetland with continuous-feed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123859. [PMID: 32707509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a partially-saturated vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) with continuous-feed was operated to investigate nutrients transformation and possible pathways in unsaturated and saturated zones. Effect of temperature on nutrients removal and microbial community was also evaluated. The variation of temperature barely affected removal of NH4+-N and COD, achieving removal efficiencies of 99.5-100.0% and 96.8-100.0% at effluent temperature of 14.9-27.7 °C. The removal of COD, NH4+-N, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and total phosphorus mainly occurred in unsaturated zone, achieving much higher removal rates than saturated zone. Nitrification process in the VFCW was associated with autotrophic/heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Denitrification process relied on both autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers. Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria was also detected, contributing to TIN removal. All of the groups for nutrients removal exhibited higher abundance in unsaturated zone. Diverse pathways co-existed for nitrogen removal, while the main metabolic pathways were different along the depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Xia
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Guochen Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Zonglian She
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China. 266100 Qingdao, China
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11
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Wagner TV, de Wilde V, Willemsen B, Mutaqin M, Putri G, Opdam J, Parsons JR, Rijnaarts HHM, de Voogt P, Langenhoff AAM. Pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands for the treatment of cooling tower water prior to its desalination and reuse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110972. [PMID: 32579525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cooling towers are responsible for a large part of the industrial fresh water withdrawal, and the reuse of cooling tower water (CTW) effluents can strongly lower industrial fresh water footprints. CTW requires desalination prior to being reused, but various CTW components, such as total organic carbon (TOC), conditioning chemicals and total suspended solids (TSS) hamper physico-chemical desalination technologies and need to be removed from the CTW. A cost-efficient and robust pre-treatment is thus required, which can be provided by constructed wetlands (CWs). The present study is the first study that determined the CTW pre-treatment efficiency of hybrid-CWs and the impact of winter season and biocides in the CTW on the pre-treatment efficiency. The most efficient CW flow type and dominant removal mechanisms for CW components hampering physico-chemical desalination were determined. Subsurface flow CWs removed PO43-, TSS and TOC as a result of adsorption and filtration. Vertical subsurface flow CWs (VSSF-CW) excelled in the removal of benzotriazole as a result of aerobic biodegradation. Horizontal subsurface flow CWs (HSSF-CW) allowed the denitrification of NO3- due to their anaerobic conditions. Open water CWs (OW-CWs) did not contribute to the removal of components that hamper physico-chemical desalination technologies, but do provide water storage options and habitat. The biological removal processes in the different CW flow types were negatively impacted by the winter season, but were not impacted by concentrations of the biocides glutaraldehyde and DBNPA that are relevant in practice. For optimal pre-treatment, a hybrid-CW, consisting of an initial VSSF-CW followed by an OW-CW and HSSF-CW is recommended. Future research should focus on integrating the hybrid-CW with a desalination technology, e.g. reverse osmosis, electrodialysis or capacitive ionization, to produce water that meets the requirements for use as cooling water and allow the reuse of CTW in the cooling tower itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Wagner
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vinnie de Wilde
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Willemsen
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muhamad Mutaqin
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gita Putri
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Opdam
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - John R Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Voogt
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 EV, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Li Y, Zhang H, Zhu L, Chen H, Du G, Gao X, Pu Y. Evaluation of the long-term performance in a large-scale integrated surface flow constructed wetland-pond system: A case study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123310. [PMID: 32325377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available in regards to the long-term treatment performance of large-scale integrated surface flow constructed wetland-pond (ISFWP) system improving drinking water source. This study aimed to investigate the treatment performance of a large-scale ISFWP system for the improvement of drinking water source. During five years of operation, the average effluent water quality in the ISFWP system could comply with Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Drinking Water Source. The average removal efficiencies of permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus, and fecal coliforms were 7.6%, 44.3%, 42.9%, 50.8%, and 88.6%, respectively. The treatment performance in the ISFWP system was stable during the operation time, while TN removal efficiency declined by 38.2% after five years of operation. Moreover, contaminants removal efficiencies were not subject to change of season, except for CODMn and TN. Consequently, efficient and sustainable contaminants removal in the large-scale ISFWP system still possessed challenges, especially for CODMn and TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Liqin Zhu
- College of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Yancheng Water Conservancy Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Guanchao Du
- Yancheng Yanlong Lake Drinking Water Source Management Department, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Yancheng Yanlong Lake Drinking Water Source Management Department, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Yashuai Pu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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13
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Purification Effect of Sequential Constructed Wetland for the Polluted Water in Urban River. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands can play an active role in improving the water quality of urban rivers. In this study, a sequential series system of the floating-bed constructed wetland (FBCW), horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSFCW), and surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) were constructed for the urban river treatment in the cold regions of North China, which gave full play to the combined advantages. In the Yitong River, the designed capacity and the hydraulic loading of the system was 100 m3/d and 0.10 m3/m2d, respectively. The hydraulic retention time was approximately 72 h. The monitoring results, from April to October in 2016, showed the multiple wetland ecosystem could effectively remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), and suspended solids (SS) at average removal rates of 74.79%, 80.90%, 71.12%, 78.44%, and 91.90%, respectively. The removal rate of SS in floating-bed wetland was the largest among all the indicators (80.24%), which could prevent the block of sub-surface flow wetland effectively. The sub-surface flow wetland could remove the NH4-N, TN, and TP effectively, and the contribution rates were 79.20%, 64.64%, and 81.71%, respectively. The surface flow wetland could further purify the TN and the removal rate of TN could reach 23%. The total investment of this ecological engineering was $12,000. The construction cost and the operation cost were $120 and $0.02 per ton of polluted water, which was about 1/3 to 1/5 and 1/6 to 1/3 of the conventional sewage treatment, respectively. The results of this study provide a technical demonstration of the restoration of polluted water in urban rivers in northern China.
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14
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John Y, Langergraber G, Adyel TM, Emery David V. Aeration intensity simulation in a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134793. [PMID: 31780147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simulation and performance results of a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland (SVU CW) operated under different operational conditions are presented. The SVU CW consists of two different systems planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Iris pseudacorus, and each system consists of three SVU beds operated in series. The SVU CW operates in continuous aeration (CA) mode using different air-water ratios from 0.5:1 to 4:1. The aerated SVU CW achieves a high (more than 85%) removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Furthermore, we simulate the SVU CW using the HYDRUS Wetland Module using the CWM1 biokinetic model under CA mode. According to the simulation results, aeration intensity controls the substrate distribution and growth of bacteria with depth in the SVU CW. Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen are removed in the top region (0-30 cm) of the SVU CW. The root mean square error for COD and NH4+-N is >1.5, whereas R2 is >0.99. A good match between observed and simulated data suggests that the CWM1 model is a suitable tool for simulating various processes and bacterial dynamics in aerated SVU CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasinta John
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Guenter Langergraber
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, 23 College Walk, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor Emery David
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
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15
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Zhuang LL, Yang T, Zhang J, Li X. The configuration, purification effect and mechanism of intensified constructed wetland for wastewater treatment from the aspect of nitrogen removal: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122086. [PMID: 31495460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment has attracted increasing attention. In this review, the system configuration optimization, purification effect and general mechanisms of nitrogen removal in CW are systematically summarized and discussed. Ammonia oxidation is a crucial and primary process for total nitrogen (TN) removal in domestic or livestock wastewater treatment. Aeration, waterdrop influent and tidal operation are three main methods to strengthen the oxygen supplement and nitrification process in CW. Aeration significantly increases the ammonia removal rate (almost 100%), followed by the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN. Solid carbon source, iron and anode material can be filled as electron donor for the denitrification process. The co-adjustment of oxygen and carbon/electron donor can form different conditions for different nitrogen removal pathways (e.g. the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification, the partial nitrification-denitrification and the anammox process), and achieve the optimal removal of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiangzheng Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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Nakase C, Zurita F, Nani G, Reyes G, Fernández-Lambert G, Cabrera-Hernández A, Sandoval L. Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater and the Development of Tropical Ornamental Plants in Partially Saturated Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234800. [PMID: 31795408 PMCID: PMC6926636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vertical partially saturated (VPS) constructed wetlands (CWs) are a novel wastewater treatment system for which little information is known about its design parameters and performance under tropical climates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nitrogen removal process from domestic wastewater and the production of tropical ornamental plants (Canna hybrids and Zantedeschia aethiopica) in VPS CWs at a mesocosms scale. Nine VPS CWs, with a free-flow zone of 16 cm and a saturated zone of 16 cm, were used as experimental units. Three units were planted with Canna hybrids., and three, with Zantedeschia aethiopica (one plant per unit); the remaining three units were established as controls without vegetation. They were fed with domestic wastewater intermittently and evaluated for the elimination of COD, N-NH4, N-NO3, Norg, NT, and PT. The results showed an increase in the removal for some pollutants in the vegetated systems, i.e., N-NH4 (35%), Norg (16%), TN (25%), and TP (47%) in comparison to the unvegetated systems. While N-NO3 removal showed better removal in 10% of the systems without vegetation, no significant differences were found (p > 0.05) for COD removal. The aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the VPS CWs favor the elimination of pollutants in the systems, and also the development of the tropical species evaluated in this study; good development was exhibited by a high growth rate and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nakase
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Florentina Zurita
- Quality Environmental Laboratory, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco C.P. 47820, Mexico
| | - Graciela Nani
- Department of Engineering in Business Management, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Reyes
- Master of Engineering in Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Andrés Tuxtla, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz C.P. 95804 Mexico
| | - Gregorio Fernández-Lambert
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cabrera-Hernández
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
| | - Luis Sandoval
- Division of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Innovation, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz C.P. 93821, Mexico
- Master of Engineering in Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de San Andrés Tuxtla, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz C.P. 95804 Mexico
- Correspondence:
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17
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Qiu J, Shen Z, Chen L, Hou X. Quantifying effects of conservation practices on non-point source pollution in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:582. [PMID: 31435833 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-point source (NPS) pollution, including fertilizer and manure application, sediment erosion, and haphazard discharge of wastewater, has led to a wide range of water pollution problems in the Miyun Reservoir, the most important drinking water source in Beijing. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate NPS pollution loads and the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) in the two subwatersheds within the Miyun Reservoir Watershed (MRW). Spatial distributions of soil types and land uses, and changes in precipitation and fertilizer application, were analysed to elucidate the distribution of pollution in this watershed from 1990 to 2010. The results demonstrated that the nutrient losses were significantly affected by soil properties and higher in both agricultural land and barren land. The temporal distribution of pollutant loads was consistent with that of precipitation. Soil erosion and nutrient losses would increase risks of water eutrophication and ecosystem degradation in the Miyun Reservoir. The well-calibrated SWAT model was used to assess the effects of several Best Management Practices (BMPs), including filter strips, grassed waterways, constructed wetlands, detention basins, converting farmland to forest, soil nutrient management, conservation tillage, contour farming, and strip cropping. The removal rates of those BMPs ranged from 1.03 to 38.40% and from 1.36 to 39.34% for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads, respectively. The efficiency of BMPs was dependent on design parameters and local factors and varied in different sub-basins. This study revealed that no single BMP could achieve the water quality improvement targets and highlighted the importance of optimal configuration of BMP combinations at sub-basin scale. The findings presented here provide valuable information for developing the sustainable watershed management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoshu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of, Beijing, 100875, China
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18
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Abbasi HN, Xie J, Hussain SI, Lu X. Nutrient removal in hybrid constructed wetlands: spatial-seasonal variation and the effect of vegetation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1985-1994. [PMID: 31294715 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an aesthetic and sustainable form to treat wastewater, however, their performance can be increased by improving a number of factors. The pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland (CW) system was the combination of constructed floating treatment wetlands (CFWs) and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs); operated for a year and covered all seasons. The research was conducted to investigate the performance of the CW system regarding water depth, spatial, and seasonal removal of pollutants. Nine economical plants species were selected and divided into four groups to grow in CW-I to CW-IV, respectively. Removal increased along the bed and most of the total phosphorus (TP) removal occurred in the second bed, whereas total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium (NH4) removal were associated with the plant root system and biomass. Optimum removal of nutrients with respect to water depth was at 35 cm. TN and NH4 removal patterns were similar in different CWs. TN and NH4 removal were higher during summer compared to winter; only CW-IV showed the opposite trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Science, FUUAST, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail: ; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- SISDI Shanghai Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Yang T, Hei P, Song J, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu C, Jin J, Quan J. Nitrogen variations during the ice-on season in the eutrophic lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1089-1099. [PMID: 30823338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen accumulation in sediments, and the subsequent migration and transformations between sediment and the overlying water, plays an important role in the lake nitrogen cycle. However, knowledge of these processes are largely confined to ice-free seasons. Recent research under ice has mainly focused on the water eco-environmental effects during winter. Sediment N accumulation during the ice-on season and its associated eco-environmental impacts have never been systematically investigated. To address these knowledge gaps, we chose Wuliangsu Lake in China as a case study site, taking advantage of the spatial disparity between the 13 semi-separated sub-lakes. Based on samples of 35 sampling sites collected before, in the middle, and at the end of ice-on season separately, we performed a quantitative analysis of under-ice lake N accumulation and water-sediment N exchange by analyzing N fraction variations. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Relevance Analysis were used to help elucidate the main causes and implications of under-ice N variation. Our results clearly show that existing studies have underestimated the impact of under-ice N accumulation on the lake ecology throughout year: 1) Sediment N accumulated 2-3 times more than that before winter; 2) residual nitrogen (Res-N) contributed to the majority of the accumulated sediment N and was mainly induced by the debris of macrophytes; 3) total available nitrogen (TAN) was the most easily exchanged fractions between sediment and water, and it mainly affected the water environment during winter; 4) the Res-N accumulation during the ice-on season may have a strong impact on the eco-environment in the subsequent seasons. Our research is valuable for understanding the mechanism of internal nutrient cycle and controlling the internal nitrogen pollution, especially in shallow seasonally-frozen lakes that have long suffered from macrophyte-phytoplankton co-dominated eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Hei
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jindong Song
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhongfan Zhu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yingyuan Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and analysis, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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20
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The Oxygen Transfer Capacity of Submerged Plant Elodea densa in Wastewater Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are insufficient data for the development of process design criteria for constructed wetlands systems based on submerged plants as a major treatment agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxygen transfer capacity (OTC) of E. densa, in relation to wet plants’ mass (w.m.), and the influence of E. densa on the oxygen concentration and contaminants’ removal efficiency from municipal wastewater. The obtained oxygen concentration and temperature data allowed to calculate the OTC values (mg O2·L−1·h−1), which had been related to wet plants’ mass unit (mg O2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1). The efficiency of wastewater treatment was determined in relation to initial wastewater content in the mixture of wastewater and tap water (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) during 3 days of the experiment duration. The simulation of day and night conditions was done by artificial lighting. Before and after finishing the second experiment, the COD, Ntotal, and P-PO4 concentration were analyzed in wastewater solutions. The OTC ranged from 3.19 to 8.34 (mgO2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1), and the increase of OTC value was related to the increase of wet plant’s mass. The research showed that E. densa affected positively on the wastewater treatment efficiency, and the highest efficiency was achieved in 25% wastewater solution: 43.6% for COD, 52.9% for Ntotal, 14.9% for P-PO4.
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21
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Li J, Fan J, Liu D, Hu Z, Zhang J. Enhanced nitrogen removal in biochar-added surface flow constructed wetlands: dealing with seasonal variation in the north China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3675-3684. [PMID: 30535737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the performance of surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) added with different dosage of biochar (group A 0%, group B 10%, group C 20%; v/v) was investigated, to evaluate the effect of biochar on nitrogen removal of a constructed wetland. No significant difference was observed in NH4+-N removal among three groups even during different seasons. Labile organic carbon released from biochar distinctly enhanced denitrification process, which improved NO3--N removal efficiency by 4.58% in group B and 10.33% in group C. More importantly, compared with group A, biochar addition increased plant N removal by 82.24% and 192.11% in groups B and C, respectively. This result indicated that biochar could increase the accumulation of plant net biomass. In addition, TN removal of group A was much lower at low temperature (4.9 °C). However, no obvious influence of temperature on TN removal was observed in groups B and C with biochar addition. Microbial community analysis showed that, compared with that in group A, the total relative abundance of the main denitrification bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) increased by 0.81% in group B and 13.63% in group C. These results provide a reasonable strategy for improving the performance of SFCWs under cold climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China
| | - Daoxing Liu
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
- State key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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22
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Shuai W, Jaffé PR. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction in constructed wetland mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:984-992. [PMID: 30340310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6 (referred to as A6) was recently identified as playing a key role in the Feammox process (ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction). Two constructed wetlands (CW) were built and bioaugmented with A6 to determine if, under the right conditions, Feammox can be enhanced in CWs by having strata with higher iron content. Hence, the solid stratum in the CWs was sand, and one CW was augmented with ferrihydrite. Vertical ammonium (NH4+) concentration profiles in the CW mesocosms were monitored regularly. After four months of operation, when reducing conditions were established in the CWs, they were inoculated with an enrichment culture containing A6 and monitored for an additional four months, after which they were dismantled and analyzed. During the four-month period after the A6 enrichment culture injection, 25.0 ± 7.3% of NH4+ was removed from the CW with the high iron substrate whereas 11.0 ± 9.7% was removed from the CW with the low iron substrate on average. Since the CW with high NH4+ removal had the same plant density, same bacterial biomass, same fraction of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), a higher biomass of A6, and a higher pH (NH4+ oxidation by Feammox raises pH, whereas NH4+ oxidation by aerobic AOB decreases pH), this difference in NH4+ removal is attributed to the Feammox process, indicating that wetlands can be constructed to take advantage of the Feammox process for increased NH4+ removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Peter R Jaffé
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08540, USA.
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23
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Wang C, Wu Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Jiang H, Liu X. Recycling of drinking water treatment residue as an additional medium in columns for effective P removal from eutrophic surface water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:363-372. [PMID: 29625405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility of recycling drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) to treat eutrophic surface water in a one-year continuous flow column test. Heat-treated DWTR was used as an additional medium (2%-4%) in columns in case excessive organic matter and N were released from the DWTR to surface water. The results indicated that with minimal undesirable effects on other water properties, DWTR addition substantially enhanced P removal, rendering P concentrations in treated water oligotrophic and treated water unsuitable for Microcystis aeruginosa breeding. Long-term stable P removal by DWTR-column treatment was mainly attributed to the relatively low P levels in raw water (<0.108 mg L-1) and high P adsorption capability of DWTR, as confirmed by increases in amorphous Al/Fe in DWTR after the tests and low adsorption of P in the mobile forms. The major components of DWTR showed minimal changes, and potential metal pollution from DWTR was not a factor to consider during recycling. DWTR also enriched functional bacterial genera that benefitted biogeochemical cycles and multiple pollution control (e.g., Dechloromonas, Geobacter, Leucobacter, Nitrospira, Rhodoplanes, and Sulfuritalea); an apparent decrease in Mycobacterium with potential pathogenicity was observed in DWTR-columns. Regardless, limited denitrification of DWTR-columns was observed as a result of low bioavailability of C in surface water. This finding indicates that DWTR can be used with other methods to ensure denitrification for enhanced treatment effects. Overall, the use of DWTR as an additional medium in column systems can potentially treat eutrophic surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Tan E, Hsu TC, Huang X, Lin HJ, Kao SJ. Nitrogen transformations and removal efficiency enhancement of a constructed wetland in subtropical Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1378-1388. [PMID: 28605856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization condenses reactive nitrogen into cities leaving threats of nitrogen pollution onto nearby environments when sewage is not properly treated. Constructed wetland is an ecological and economical way to remove reactive nitrogen. We investigated the seasonal nitrogen transformations and removal pathways in a surface-flow constructed wetland (93,000m2 with five treatment cells), which treats domestic wastewater in subtropical Taiwan. By using isotopic pairing technique, we found denitrification exceeds anammox dominated the nitrogen removal pathway throughout seasons. The potential denitrification (0.09 to 2.84gNm-2d-1) in the overlying water was in the same magnitude relative to that in sediments (1.26 to 4.14gNm-2d-1). The denitrification rates in sediments were highest in summer followed by autumn and winter. The concentration removal efficiencies of ammonium and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were both highest in summer, then decreased significantly in autumn and winter. Temperature is a significant regulator for seasonal nitrogen removal. However, a positive correlation was observed between the potential denitrification rates and the amount of 15NO3- addition, indicating that nitrate addition may still stimulate denitrification under low temperature condition in winter (15.2-16.3°C). Since nitrate concentrations in porewater were much lower than that in water column for autumn and winter, we speculated NOx--N (nitrite and nitrate) supply to the sediments was a limiting factor for low DIN removal efficiency. We proposed to enhance nitrate removal efficiency via denitrification by physically promoting NOx--N and oxygen exchanges through the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, China
| | - Ting-Chang Hsu
- Earth System Science Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Juh Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, China.
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Tatoulis T, Akratos CS, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Vayenas DV, Stefanakis AI. A novel horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland: Reducing area requirements and clogging risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:257-268. [PMID: 28780453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of Constructed Wetlands (CWs) has been nowadays expanded from municipal to industrial and agro-industrial wastewaters. The main limitations of CWs remain the relatively high area requirements compared to mechanical treatment technologies and the potential occurrence of the clogging phenomenon. This study presents the findings of an innovative CW design where novel materials were used. Four pilot-scale CW units were designed, built and operated for two years. Each unit consisted of two compartments, the first of which (two thirds of the total unit length) contained either fine gravel (in two units) or random type high density polyethylene (HDPE) (in the other two units). This plastic media type was tested in a CW system for the first time. The second compartment of all four units contained natural zeolite. Two units (one with fine gravel and one with HDPE) were planted with common reeds, while the other two were kept unplanted. Second cheese whey was introduced into the units, which were operated under hydraulic residence times (HRT) of 2 and 4 days. After a two-year operation and monitoring period, pollutant removal rates were approximately 80%, 75% and 90% for COD, ammonium and ortho-phosphate, respectively, while temperature and HRT had no significant effect on pollutant removal. CWs containing the plastic media achieved the same removal rates as those containing gravel, despite receiving three times higher hydraulic surface loads (0.08 m/d) and four times higher organic surface loads (620 g/m2/d). This reveals that the use of HDPE plastic media could reduce CW surface area requirements by 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Tatoulis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Christos S Akratos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece.
| | | | - Dimitrios V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology (FORTH), Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandros I Stefanakis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece
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26
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Chen J, Ying GG, Liu YS, Wei XD, Liu SS, He LY, Yang YQ, Chen FR. Nitrogen removal and its relationship with the nitrogen-cycle genes and microorganisms in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different design parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:804-818. [PMID: 28394701 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1305181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate nitrogen removal and its relationship with the nitrogen-cycle genes and microorganisms in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with different design parameters. Twelve mesocosm-scale CWs with four substrates and three hydraulic loading rates were set up in the outdoor. The result showed the CWs with zeolite as substrate and HLR of 20 cm/d were selected as the best choice for the TN and NH3-N removal. It was found that the single-stage mesocosm-scale CWs were incapable to achieve high removals of TN and NH3-N due to inefficient nitrification process in the systems. This was demonstrated by the lower abundance of the nitrification genes (AOA and AOB) than the denitrification genes (nirK and nirS), and the less diverse nitrification microorganisms than the denitrification microorganisms in the CWs. The results also show that microorganism community structure including nitrogen-cycle microorganisms in the constructed wetland systems was affected by the design parameters especially the substrate type. These findings show that nitrification is a limiting factor for the nitrogen removal by CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wei
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yong-Qiang Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Fan-Rong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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Wang W, Han Y, Liu H, Zhang K, Yue Q, Bo L, Wang X. Pollutant removal performance of an integrated upflow-constructed wetland filled with haydites made of Al-based drinking water treatment residuals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1111-1119. [PMID: 27541991 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the pollutants removal performance of an integrated upflow-constructed wetland (IUCW) system in a 1.5 years' continuous operation. The average concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the effluent were 21.9, 1.47, 2.63, and 0.18 mg/L, respectively, which corresponded to 90.1%, 23.3%, 86.1%, and 97.2% removals from the raw water, respectively. The residual concentration of COD was 219 mg/L at start-up and decreased notably to 52.8 mg/L after 50 days of operation. NH4-N was difficult to remove because the average concentration of dissolved oxygen in the IUCW system was lower than 0.6 mg/L. In contrast, the residual concentrations of both TN and TP in the effluent were stable, with average removal rates as high as 89% and 99%, respectively, at start-up of the system. Changing the organic loading rates from 45.0 g/(m2·day) to 20.0 or 60.0 g/(m2·day) both inhibited the removal of TN. Further study showed that the removal of organic matter mainly occurred within 10-20 cm of the wetland cell. Considering its strong organic, nitrogen, and phosphate removal capacity, the IUCW system was determined to be effective in decentralized wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yue
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Longli Bo
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- a Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering , Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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Liang K, Dai Y, Wang F, Liang W. Seasonal variation of microbial community for the treatment of tail water in constructed wetland. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2434-2442. [PMID: 28541951 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of seasons and hydraulic loading rates (HLR) on the treatment performance and the response of the microbial community of vertical flow constructed wetland treating tail water were investigated. The seasonal treatment performance was evaluated at four HLR of 125, 250, 375 and 500 mm/d, respectively. The microbial community was detected by MiSeq Illumina platform at HLR 125 and 375 mm/d. The wetland showed significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) at HLR 125 mm/d, compared with other HLR. Overall removal efficiency was 61.47%, 71.40% and 76.31% for COD, TN and TP, respectively, while no significant differences for COD, TN and TP removal were found at HLR of 250, 375 and 500 mm/d. The best removal efficiency for COD and TN was achieved in summer and autumn, while the best TP removal was achieved in winter. Nitrification bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira) were significantly higher in HLR 125 mm/d, whereas sequences associated with denitrification had no significant difference at the two HLR. The results can partially explain the significantly higher NH4+-N removal in HLR 125 mm/d and relatively low nitrogen performance in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Yanran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Feihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
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29
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Zhang H, Wang K, Huang J, Zhang Y, Song J. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter with Intermittent Aeration by Fluorescence. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Zheng Y, Wang XC, Dzakpasu M, Ge Y, Zhao Y, Xiong J. Performance of a pilot demonstration-scale hybrid constructed wetland system for on-site treatment of polluted urban river water in Northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:447-454. [PMID: 26310702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) systems have been used to treat various wastewaters across the world. However, large-scale applications of HCWs are scarce, particularly for on-site improvement of the water quality of highly polluted urban rivers in semi-arid regions. In this study, a large pilot-scale HCW system was constructed to improve the water quality of the Zaohe River in Xi'an, China. With a total area of about 8000 m(2), the pilot HCW system, composed of different configurations of surface and subsurface flow wetlands, was operated for 2 years at an average inflow volume rate of 362 m(3)/day. Local Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis from the riverbank were planted in the HCW system. Findings indicate a higher treatment efficiency for organics and suspended solids than nutrients. The inflow concentrations of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), NH3-N, and total phosphorus (TP) were 125.6, 350.9, 334.2, 38.5, 27.2, and 3.9 mg/L, respectively. Average removal efficiencies of 94.4, 74.5, 92.0, 56.3, 57.5, and 69.2%, respectively, were recorded. However, the pollutant removal rates were highly seasonal especially for nitrogen. Higher removals were recorded for all pollutants in the autumn while significantly lower removals were recorded in the winter. Plant uptake and assimilation accounted for circa 19-29 and 16-23% of the TN and TP removal, respectively. Moreover, P. australis demonstrated a higher nutrient uptake ability and competitive potential. Overall, the high efficiency of the pilot HCW for improving the water quality of such a highly polluted urban river provided practical evidence of the applicability of the HCW technology for protecting urban water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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31
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Kang Y, Zhang J, Xie H, Guo Z, Li P, Cheng C, Lv L. Enhancement of the performance of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in winter: the effect of Tubifex tubifex. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00153j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved constructed wetland (CW) with the addition ofTubifex tubifexin winter was studied in laboratory batch systems. The outcomes of this study indicate that the potential use ofTubifex tubifexcould improve the ecosystem and water purification by CWs in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Environmental Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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32
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Lingua G, Copetta A, Musso D, Aimo S, Ranzenigo A, Buico A, Gianotti V, Osella D, Berta G. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal and bacterial inocula on nitrate concentration in mesocosms simulating a wastewater treatment system relying on phytodepuration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18616-18625. [PMID: 26423290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High nitrogen concentration in wastewaters requires treatments to prevent the risks of eutrophication in rivers, lakes and coastal waters. The use of constructed wetlands is one of the possible approaches to lower nitrate concentration in wastewaters. Beyond supporting the growth of the bacteria operating denitrification, plants can directly take up nitrogen. Since plant roots interact with a number of soil microorganisms, in the present work we report the monitoring of nitrate concentration in macrocosms with four different levels of added nitrate (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg l(-1)), using Phragmites australis, inoculated with bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, to assess whether the use of such inocula could improve wastewater denitrification. Higher potassium nitrate concentration increased plant growth and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or bacteria resulted in larger plants with more developed root systems. In the case of plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a faster decrease of nitrate concentration was observed, while the N%/C% ratio of the plants of the different treatments remained similar. At 90 mg l(-1) of added nitrate, only mycorrhizal plants were able to decrease nitrate concentration to the limits prescribed by the Italian law. These data suggest that mycorrhizal and microbial inoculation can be an additional tool to improve the efficiency of denitrification in the treatment of wastewaters via constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Copetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Mybasol S.r.l., via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- C.R.A.-Unità di ricerca per le produzioni legnose fuori foresta, Strada Frassineto 35, 15033, Casale Monferrato, Italy
| | - Davide Musso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefania Aimo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Mybasol S.r.l., via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Angelo Ranzenigo
- Giardino Botanico di Alessandria "Dina Bellotti", via Monteverde 24, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandra Buico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valentina Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
- Mybasol S.r.l., via Gentilini 3, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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de Almeida M, Vargas-Zerwes F, Ferreira-Bastos L, Ben da Costa A, de Souza-Schneider RDC, Machado ÊL, v A. Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.n76a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Pang Y, Zhang Y, Yan X, Ji G. Cold Temperature Effects on Long-Term Nitrogen Transformation Pathway in a Tidal Flow Constructed Wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13550-13557. [PMID: 26460580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated long-term treatment performance and nitrogen transformation mechanisms in tidal flow constructed wetlands (TFCWs) under 4, 8, and 12 °C temperature regimes. High and stable ammonium (NH4(+)-N) removal efficiency (93-96%) was achieved in our TFCWs, whereas nitrate (NO3(-)-N) was accumulated at different levels under different temperatures. Quantitative response relationships showed anammox/amoA, (narG+napA)/amoA, and (narG+napA)/bacteria were the respective key functional gene groups determining 4, 8, and 12 °C NO3(-)-N reduction. Pathway analysis revealed the contribution of these functional gene groups along a depth gradient. In addition, denitrification process increased, while anammox process decreased consistent with a rise in temperature from 4 to 12 °C. Furthermore, cold temperatures exhibited different effects on anammox and denitrification and their long-term acclimatization capacities changed with temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Pang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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Nitrogen Dynamics Variation in Overlying Water of Jinshan Lake, China. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/759496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jinshan Lake is a famous urban landscape lake with approximately 8.8 km2water area, which is located on the north of Zhenjiang, of Jiangsu Province, China. Eighteen sampled sites were selected and overlying water was sampled from 2013 to 2014 to study the seasonal and spatial variation of nitrogen in overlying water of Jinshan Lake. Results showed that physicochemical characteristics of temperature, pH, and DO showed high seasonal variation, whereas they had no significant spatial differences in the 18 sampling points (P>0.05) in overlying water of Jinshan Lake. Nitrogen concentrations showed strong seasonal variation trends. The ranked order of TN was as follows: spring > summer > autumn > winter; the order ofNH4+-N was as follows: spring > autumn > summer > winter, whereasNO3--N concentrations revealed an inverse seasonal pattern, with maxima occurring in winter and minimal values occurring in spring. Nitrogen concentrations had dramatic spatial changes in 18 sampling points of Jinshan Lake. Physicochemical parameter difference, domestic wastes pollution, and rainfall runoff source may have led to seasonal and spatial fluctuation variations of nitrogen in overlying water of Jinshan Lake, China.
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36
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Dzakpasu M, Scholz M, McCarthy V, Jordan S, Sani A. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for real-time monitoring of integrated-constructed wetlands. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:22-30. [PMID: 25607665 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring large-scale treatment wetlands is costly and time-consuming, but required by regulators. Some analytical results are available only after 5 days or even longer. Thus, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed to predict the effluent concentrations of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and NH4-N from a full-scale integrated constructed wetland (ICW) treating domestic wastewater. The ANFIS models were developed and validated with a 4-year data set from the ICW system. Cost-effective, quicker and easier to measure variables were selected as the possible predictors based on their goodness of correlation with the outputs. A self-organizing neural network was applied to extract the most relevant input variables from all the possible input variables. Fuzzy subtractive clustering was used to identify the architecture of the ANFIS models and to optimize fuzzy rules, overall, improving the network performance. According to the findings, ANFIS could predict the effluent quality variation quite strongly. Effluent BOD5 and NH4-N concentrations were predicted relatively accurately by other effluent water quality parameters, which can be measured within a few hours. The simulated effluent BOD5 and NH4-N concentrations well fitted the measured concentrations, which was also supported by relatively low mean squared error. Thus, ANFIS can be useful for real-time monitoring and control of ICW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, North Building, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, Newton Building, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK E-mail:
| | - Valerie McCarthy
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, North Building, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Jordan
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, North Building, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland
| | - Abdulkadir Sani
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, Newton Building, The University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK E-mail:
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Kirumba G, Ge L, Wei D, Xu C, He Y, Zhang B, Jiang C, Mao F. The role of a hybrid phytosystem in landscape water purification and herbicides removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:2052-2061. [PMID: 26606100 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a hybrid phytosystem in landscape water purification and herbicides removal was investigated. The phytosystem operating in an arboretum is located in the Minhang Campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. The phytosystem is composed of two purification stages: sedimentation Stage 1 without external air supply; and Stage 2 with an external air supply. Stage 2 is also vegetated with three major kinds of plants, namely Pontederia cordata L., Typha latifolia L. and Cyperus alternifolius L. The system's hydraulic loading rate (HLR) was maintained at 1.632 m/day between December 2013 and November 2014. Sedimentation, filtration and adsorption by filter media, combined microbial processes in the rhizosphere (nitrification-denitrification) and plant uptake of the pollutants were all responsible for water purification in the phytosystem. The biological and physical parameters analyzed were total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), ammonia (NH3-N), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), turbidity, chlorophyll-a and algal cells number. Highest removal efficiencies for TDN, TDP, turbidity, DOC, chlorophyll-a and algal cells were 56.9%, 73.3%, 92.4%, 29.9%, 94.3% and 91.0%, respectively. When the phytosystem was considered for herbicides removal, removal efficiencies of more than 25% were noted for all the herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kirumba
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Ling Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, China
| | - Cong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail: ; Institute of Energy Conversion, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Feijian Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
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Petroselli A, Giannotti M, Allegrini E, Marras T. Integrated System of Phytodepuration for Agroindustrial Wastewater: Three Different Case Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:1227-1236. [PMID: 25942603 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1045138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effluents deriving from agricultural industries are sources of wastewater sensibly different from common civil wastewater treatment plants effluents, because they are characterized by significant amounts of nutrients and organic load. Agricultural industries require considerable water volumes for processing the farm products, in doing so generating huge volumes of wastewater, with high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Advanced and low cost techniques for water depuration are required in such circumstances, as the use of Integrated System of Phytodepuration (ISP). In the present work, three different case studies (a dairy, a pig feedlot and a vinegar industry) are investigated: the performances of the ISPs were evaluated analyzing raw wastewaters and final effluents over a period ranging from 2 to 4 years. The results obtained show that the designed ISPs are characterized by a mean efficiency value higher than 85% for COD removal, 73% for N and 85% for P. Moreover, for the pig feedlot the ISP final effluent is characterized by a quality level not only suited for the release into surface waters but also for irrigation, while for the other two case studies is possible to release the final effluent in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petroselli
- a Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) , Tuscia University , Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo , Italy
| | - Maurizio Giannotti
- a Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) , Tuscia University , Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo , Italy
| | - Elena Allegrini
- a Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) , Tuscia University , Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo , Italy
| | - Tatiana Marras
- a Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) , Tuscia University , Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo , Italy
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Chen Y, Wen Y, Zhou Q, Vymazal J. Effects of plant biomass on nitrogen transformation in subsurface-batch constructed wetlands: a stable isotope and mass balance assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:158-167. [PMID: 25000198 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is commonly found in the influent of subsurface-batch constructed wetlands (SSB CWs) used for tertiary wastewater treatments. To understand the effects of plants and the litter on nitrate removal, as well as on nitrogen transformation in SSB CWs, six laboratory-scale SSB CW microcosms were set up in duplicate and were operated as batch systems with hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 5d. The presence of Typha latifolia enhanced nitrate removal in SSB CWs, and the N removed by plant uptake was mainly stored in aboveground biomass. Typha litter addition greatly improved nitrate removal in SSB CWs through continuous input of labile organic carbon, and calculated enrichment factors (ε) were between -12.1‰--13.9‰ from the nitrogen stable isotope analysis, suggesting that denitrification plays a dominant role in the N removal. Most significantly, simultaneous sulfur-based autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification was observed in CWs. Finally, mass balance showed that denitrification, sedimentation burial and plant uptake respectively contributed 54%-94%, 1%-46% and 7.5%-14.3% to the N removal in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of the State Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Li F, Lu L, Zheng X, Ngo HH, Liang S, Guo W, Zhang X. Enhanced nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands: effects of dissolved oxygen and step-feeding. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:395-402. [PMID: 25069093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs), named HSFCW1 (three-stage, without step-feeding), HSFCW2 (three-stage, with step-feeding), HSFCW3 (five-stage, without step-feeding) and HSFCW4 (five-stage, with step-feeding) were designed to investigate the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and step-feeding on nitrogen removal. High removal of 90.9% COD, 99.1% ammonium nitrogen and 88.1% total nitrogen (TN) were obtained simultaneously in HSFCW4 compared with HSFCW1-3. The excellent TN removal of HSFCW4 was due to artificial aeration provided sufficient DO for nitrification and the favorable anoxic environment created for denitrification. Step-feeding was a crucial factor because it provided sufficient carbon source (high COD: nitrate ratio of 14.3) for the denitrification process. Microbial activities and microbial abundance in HSFCW4 was found to be influenced by DO distribution and step-feeding, and thus improve TN removal. These results suggest that artificial aeration combined with step-feeding could achieve high nitrogen removal in HSFCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Lun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Qin W, Dou J, Ding A, Xie E, Zheng L. A study of subsurface wastewater infiltration systems for distributed rural sewage treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2115-2121. [PMID: 24956806 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.894579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three types of subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWIS) were developed to study the efficiency of organic pollutant removal from distributed rural sewage under various conditions. Of the three different layered substrate systems, the one with the greatest amount of decomposed cow dung (5%) and soil (DCDS) showed the highest removal efficiency with respect to total nitrogen (TN), where the others showed no significant difference. The TN removal efficiency was increased with an increasing filling height of DCDS. Compared with the TN removal efficiency of 25% in the system without DCDS, the removal efficiency of the systems in which DCDS filled half and one fourth of the height was increased by 72% and 31%, respectively. Based on seasonal variations in the discharge of the typical rural family, the SWIS were run at three different hydraulic loads of 6.5, 13 and 20 cm/d. These results illustrated that SWIS could perform well at any of the given hydraulic loads. The results of trials using different inlet configurations showed that the effluent concentration of the contaminants in the system operating a multiple-inlet mode was much lower compared with the system operated under single-inlet conditions. The effluent concentration ofa pilot-scale plant achieved the level III criteria specified by the Surface Water Quality Standard at the initial stage.
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Zhang J, Wu H, Hu Z, Liang S, Fan J. Examination of oxygen release from plants in constructed wetlands in different stages of wetland plant life cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:9709-9716. [PMID: 24777322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of oxygen release by plants in different stages of wetland plant life cycle was made in this study. Results obtained from 1 year measurement in subsurface wetland microcosms demonstrated that oxygen release from Phragmites australis varied from 108.89 to 404.44 mg O₂/m(2)/d during the different periods from budding to dormancy. Plant species, substrate types, and culture solutions had a significant effect on the capacity of oxygen release of wetland plants. Oxygen supply by wetland plants was estimated to potentially support a removal of 300.37 mg COD/m(2)/d or 55.87 mg NH₄-N/m(2)/d. According to oxygen balance analysis, oxygen release by plants could provide 0.43-1.12% of biochemical oxygen demand in typical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (CWs). This demonstrates that oxygen release of plants may be a potential source for pollutants removal especially in low-loaded CWs. The results make it possible to quantify the role of plants in wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Xiong J, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Hybrid constructed wetlands for highly polluted river water treatment and comparison of surface- and subsurface-flow cells. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:749-756. [PMID: 25079404 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of large pilot constructed wetland (CW) systems were constructed near the confluence of an urban stream to a larger river in Xi'an, a northwestern megacity in China, for treating polluted stream water before it entered the receiving water body. Each CW system is a combination of surface-and subsurface-flow cells with local gravel, sand or slag as substrates and Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis as plants. During a one-year operation with an average surface loading of 0.053 m(3)/(m(2)·day), the overall COD, BOD, NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removals were 72.7% ± 4.5%, 93.4% ± 2.1%, 54.0% ± 6.3%, 53.9% ± 6.0% and 69.4% ± 4.6%, respectively, which brought about an effective improvement of the river water quality. Surface-flow cells showed better NH3-N removal than their TN removal while subsurface-flow cells showed better TN removal than their NH3-N removal. Using local slag as the substrate, the organic and phosphorus removal could be much improved. Seasonal variation was also found in the removal of all the pollutants and autumn seemed to be the best season for pollutant removal due to the moderate water temperature and well grown plants in the CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Xu D, Li Y, Howard A, Guan Y. Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida and wetland plants on nitrification and denitrification potentials in vertical flow constructed wetland. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:201-206. [PMID: 23591133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The response of nitrification potentials, denitrification potentials, and N removal efficiency to the introduction of earthworms and wetland plants in a vertical flow constructed wetland system was investigated. Addition of earthworms increased nitrification and denitrification potentials of substrate in non-vegetated constructed wetland by 236% and 8%, respectively; it increased nitrification and denitrification potentials in rhizosphere in vegetated constructed wetland (Phragmites austrail, Typha augustifolia and Canna indica), 105% and 5%, 187% and 12%, and 268% and 15% respectively. Denitrification potentials in rhizosphere of three wetland plants were not significantly different, but nitrification potentials in rhizosphere followed the order of C. indica>T. augustifolia>P. australis when addition of earthworms into constructed wetland. Addition of earthworms to the vegetated constructed significantly increased the total number of bacteria and fungi of substrates (P<0.05). The total number of bacteria was significantly correlated with nitrification potentials (r=913, P<0.01) and denitrification potentials (r=840, P<0.01), respectively. The N concentration of stems and leaves of C. indica were significantly higher in the constructed wetland with earthworms (P<0.05). Earthworms had greater impact on nitrification potentials than denitrification potentials. The removal efficiency of N was improved via stimulated nitrification potentials by earthworms and higher N uptake by wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Reduction of Contaminants (Physical, Chemical, and Microbial) in Domestic Wastewater through Hybrid Constructed Wetland. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 2013:350260. [PMID: 23724336 PMCID: PMC3659477 DOI: 10.1155/2013/350260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current research was focused mainly on the designing and construction of efficient laboratory scale hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Parameters like COD, BOD5, PO4, SO4, NO3, NO2, and pathogenic indicator microbes were monitored after hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Treatment efficiency of HCW kept on increasing with the increase in hydraulic retention time. Maximum efficiency of HCW was observed with a 20-day HRT, that is, 97.55, 97.5, 89.35, 80.75, 96.04, 91.52, and 98.6% reduction from the zero time value for COD, BOD5, PO4, SO4, NO3, NO2, and fecal coliforms, respectively. After 20 days' time, the treated water was free of almost all nutrients and microbial pollutants. Hence, increasing hydraulic retention time was found to ameliorate the operational competence of HCW. Thus HCW can serve as a promising technology for wastewater treatment and can be scaled up for small communities in the developing countries.
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Wu H, Zhang J, Wei R, Liang S, Li C, Xie H. Nitrogen transformations and balance in constructed wetlands for slightly polluted river water treatment using different macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:443-451. [PMID: 22707115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal processing in different constructed wetlands treating different kinds of wastewater often varies, and the contribution to nitrogen removal by various pathways remains unclear. In this study, the seasonal nitrogen removal and transformations as well as nitrogen balance in wetland microcosms treating slightly polluted river water was investigated. The results showed that the average total nitrogen removal rates varied in different seasons. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 8.4-34.3 % of the total nitrogen input, while sediment storage and N(2)O emission contributed 20.5-34.4 % and 0.6-1.9 % of nitrogen removal, respectively. However, the percentage of other nitrogen loss such as N(2) emission due to nitrification and denitrification was estimated to be 2.0-23.5 %. The results indicated that plant uptake and sediment storage were the key factors limiting nitrogen removal besides microbial processes in surface constructed wetland for treating slightly polluted river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Faulwetter JL, Burr MD, Parker AE, Stein OR, Camper AK. Influence of season and plant species on the abundance and diversity of sulfate reducing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria in constructed wetland microcosms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:111-127. [PMID: 22961363 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands offer an effective means for treatment of wastewater from a variety of sources. An understanding of the microbial ecology controlling nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands has been identified as the greatest gap for optimizing performance of these promising treatment systems. It is suspected that operational factors such as plant types and hydraulic operation influence the subsurface wetland environment, especially redox, and that the observed variation in effluent quality is due to shifts in the microbial populations and/or their activity. This study investigated the biofilm associated sulfate reducing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (using the dsrB and amoA genes, respectively) by examining a variety of surfaces within a model wetland (gravel, thick roots, fine roots, effluent), and the changes in activity (gene abundance) of these functional groups as influenced by plant species and season. Molecular techniques were used including quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), both with and without propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment. PMA treatment is a method for excluding from further analysis those cells with compromised membranes. Rigorous statistical analysis showed an interaction between the abundance of these two functional groups with the type of plant and season (p < 0.05). The richness of the sulfate reducing bacterial community, as indicated by DGGE profiles, increased in planted vs. unplanted microcosms. For ammonia oxidizing bacteria, season had the greatest impact on gene abundance and diversity (higher in summer than in winter). Overall, the primary influence of plant presence is believed to be related to root oxygen loss and its effect on rhizosphere redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Faulwetter
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 EPS, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA
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Zhu L, Takala J, Hiltunen E, Li Z, Kristianto Y. Comparison of vertical-flow constructed wetlands with and without supplementary aeration treating decentralized domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:53-60. [PMID: 23530315 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.679701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are efficient in reducing excessive contamination from wastewaters. However, oxygen inside CW beds is frequently low especially when substrate clogging problems appear after long-term operation, and this may become a limited factor for the treatment of wastewaters. Aimed at dealing with the issue of a low oxygen content in CW systems, two laboratory-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) with and without an aeration device (called VFCW-a and VFCW-c, respectively) were designed in this study to test the contribution of supplementary aeration to the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater. Results showed that under the intermittent operation of about 45 days, two VFCW units were successfully started up by using activated sludge as seed sludge. Compared to VFCW-c, VFCW-a had a better resistance ability to organic shock loads and its removal function could be effectively recovered within a short period after the introduction of organic shock loads. Under intermittent operation with a 12 h idling time, the ideal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of VFCW-a was 42 h, about 6 h shorter than that of VFCW-c. Likewise, under intermittent operation with 42 h HRT, the ideal idling time of VFCW-a was 12 h, still about 6 h shorter than that of VFCW-c. Under intermittent operation with HRT-42 h and an idling time of 12 h, SS, COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies in VFCW-a could reach 81.2%, 85%, 89.9% and 77.9%, respectively. The VFCW unit with supplementary aeration is an efficient innovation for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhu
- Hubei University, Faculty of Resources and Environment, Wuhan, China.
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Rosenzweig BR, Smith JA, Baeck ML, Jaffé PR. Monitoring nitrogen loading and retention in an urban stormwater detention pond. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:598-609. [PMID: 21520767 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater detention ponds have become ubiquitous in urbanized areas and have been suggested as potential hotspots of N transformation within urban watersheds. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in their use as structural best management practices to reduce the excessive N export from these watersheds. We conducted continuous monitoring of the influent and effluent N loads of a stormwater detention pond located on the Princeton University campus in Princeton, New Jersey. Our monitoring was conducted during four 21-d periods representing the four seasons of the northeastern United States. Water quality samples were collected and analyzed for nitrate (NO3-) during all four monitoring periods. During two of these periods, loads of ammonium (NH4+), dissolved organic N, and particulate N (PN) were measured. Our results show that NO3- dominated the influent N load, particularly in dry weather inflows to the detention pond. However, PN, which is often neglected in stormwater quality monitoring, made up as much as 30% of the total load and an even greater fraction during storm events. The results of our monitoring suggest that seasonal variation may play an important role in N retention within the detention pond. Although retention of NO3-, the most dominant fraction of N in the influent stormwater, was observed during the summer sampling period, no significant NO3- retention was observed during the spring or the two cold-weather sampling periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice R Rosenzweig
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Dep., Engineering Quad, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Xu-Ligang, You-Hailin, Li-Jianmin, Zhang Q, Jiang-Jiahu, Weiming L, Sun-Zhandong. Analysis on Affected Factors of Treatment Efficiency of Rural Sewage Removal with Constructed Wetland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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