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Collins AR, Azqueta A, Schoeters G, Slingers G, Dusinska M, Langie SAS. In memory of Dr. Ir. Gudrun Koppen (1969-2024). MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503751. [PMID: 38575250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Collins
- Norgenotech AS, Oslo Cancer Cluster Incubator, Oslo, Norway; & Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Prof. Em., Department of Biomedical Sciences & Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gitte Slingers
- Environmental Intelligence, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Health Effects, The Climate and Environmental Research Institute NILU, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Collins A, Møller P, Gajski G, Vodenková S, Abdulwahed A, Anderson D, Bankoglu EE, Bonassi S, Boutet-Robinet E, Brunborg G, Chao C, Cooke MS, Costa C, Costa S, Dhawan A, de Lapuente J, Bo' CD, Dubus J, Dusinska M, Duthie SJ, Yamani NE, Engelward B, Gaivão I, Giovannelli L, Godschalk R, Guilherme S, Gutzkow KB, Habas K, Hernández A, Herrero O, Isidori M, Jha AN, Knasmüller S, Kooter IM, Koppen G, Kruszewski M, Ladeira C, Laffon B, Larramendy M, Hégarat LL, Lewies A, Lewinska A, Liwszyc GE, de Cerain AL, Manjanatha M, Marcos R, Milić M, de Andrade VM, Moretti M, Muruzabal D, Novak M, Oliveira R, Olsen AK, Owiti N, Pacheco M, Pandey AK, Pfuhler S, Pourrut B, Reisinger K, Rojas E, Rundén-Pran E, Sanz-Serrano J, Shaposhnikov S, Sipinen V, Smeets K, Stopper H, Teixeira JP, Valdiglesias V, Valverde M, van Acker F, van Schooten FJ, Vasquez M, Wentzel JF, Wnuk M, Wouters A, Žegura B, Zikmund T, Langie SAS, Azqueta A. Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 PMCID: PMC10281087 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Soňa Vodenková
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Abdulhadi Abdulwahed
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana Anderson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alok Dhawan
- Centre of BioMedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Joaquin de Lapuente
- Toxicology Department, AC MARCA Group, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Dubus
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Susan J Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bevin Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Khaled Habas
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bradford University, Bradford, UK
| | - Alba Hernández
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Department Circular Economy and Environment, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research-TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcelo Larramendy
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Angélique Lewies
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Guillermo E Liwszyc
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Damian Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Norah Owiti
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- Global Product Stewardship - Human Safety, The Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emilio Rojas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ville Sipinen
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Biocev, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Evaluation of Genetic Damage and Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Erythrocytes of Orochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum Using Migration Groups as a Parameter. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay system is an efficient method used to assess DNA damage and repair; however, it currently provides the average result and, unfortunately, the heterogeneity of DNA damage loses relevance. To take advantage of this heterogeneity, migration groups (MGs) of cell comets can be formed. In this study, genetic damage was quantified in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) 2.5, 5, and 10 mM over two hours) and ultraviolet C radiation (UV-C) for 5, 10, and 15 min using the tail length, tail moment, and migration group parameters. Additionally, blood cells were exposed to UV-C radiation for 5 min and treated post-treatment at 5, 10, and 15 mM ascorbic acid (AA) for two hours. With the MG parameter, it was possible to observe variations in the magnitude of genetic damage. Our data indicate that MGs help to detect basal and induced genetic damage or damage reduction with approximately the same efficiency of the tail length and tail moment parameters. MGs can be a complementary parameter used to assess DNA integrity in species exposed to mutagens.
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Migration Groups: A Poorly Explored Point of View for Genetic Damage Assessment Using Comet Assay in Human Lymphocytes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new point of view for genetic damage assessment using the comet assay is proposed based on the number of migration groups, the number of comets in each group, and the groups with the highest number of comets. Human lymphocytes were exposed to different concentrations of Methyl Methane Sulfonate (MMS), Maleic Hydrazide (MH), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), and N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA). Using comet assay, the migration means of the comets were determined and later grouped arbitrarily in migration groups with no higher differences than 1 µc. The number of migration groups, the number of comets in each group, and the groups with the highest number of comets (modes) were determined. All four of the genotoxic agents studied showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the tail length and the number of migration groups compared to the negative control. The number of migration groups did not show a significant variation between the four-genotoxic agents nor within their different concentrations. However, the comparison of the modes did show differences between the genotoxic agents, but not within the concentrations of a same genotoxic agent, which indicated a determined chemical interaction on the DNA. These parameters can improve the detection of genetic damage associated with certain genotoxic agents.
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Evaluation of the Impact of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Soybean Seed Germination. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010177. [PMID: 33477930 PMCID: PMC7833387 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to define the effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAPP) exposure on seed germination of an agriculturally important crop, soybean. Seed treatment with lower doses of CAPP generated in ambient air and oxygen significantly increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (Krebs cycle enzyme), proving the switching of the germinating seed metabolism from anoxygenic to oxygenic. In these treatments, a positive effect on seed germination was documented (the percentage of germination increased by almost 20% compared to the untreated control), while the seed and seedling vigour was also positively affected. On the other hand, higher exposure times of CAPP generated in a nitrogen atmosphere significantly inhibited succinate dehydrogenase activity, but stimulated lactate and alcohol dehydrogenase activities, suggesting anoxygenic metabolism. It was also found that plasma exposure caused a slight increment in the level of primary DNA damage in ambient air- and oxygen-CAPP treatments, and more significant DNA damage was found in nitrogen-CAPP treatments. Although a higher level of DNA damage was also detected in the negative control (untreated seeds), this might be associated with the age of seeds followed by their lower germination capacity (with the germination percentage reaching only about 60%).
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Xi Y, Han X, Zhang Z, Joshi J, Borza T, Mohammad Aqa M, Zhang B, Yuan H, Wang-Pruski G. Exogenous phosphite application alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress and improves thermotolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110048. [PMID: 31837570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi), an analog of phosphate (Pi) anion, is emerging as a potential biostimulator, fungicide and insecticide. Here, we reported that Phi also significantly enhanced thermotolerance in potatoes under heat stress. Potato plants with and without Phi pretreatment were exposed to heat stress and their heat tolerance was examined by assessing the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigment content, photosystem II (PS II) efficiency, levels of oxidative stress, and level of DNA damage. In addition, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was adopted to investigate the roles of Phi signals and the underlying heat resistance mechanism. RNA-Seq revealed that Phi orchestrated plant immune responses against heat stress by reprograming global gene expressions. Results from physiological data combined with RNA-Seq suggested that the supply of Phi not only was essential for the better plant performance, but also improved thermotolerance of the plants by alleviating oxidative stress and DNA damage, and improved biosynthesis of osmolytes and defense metabolites when exposed to unfavorable thermal conditions. This is the first study to explore the role of Phi in thermotolerance in plants, and the work can be applied to other crops under the challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Xi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyun Han
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tudor Borza
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mohammadi Mohammad Aqa
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Lanier C, Bernard F, Dumez S, Leclercq-Dransart J, Lemière S, Vandenbulcke F, Nesslany F, Platel A, Devred I, Hayet A, Cuny D, Deram A. Combined toxic effects and DNA damage to two plant species exposed to binary metal mixtures (Cd/Pb). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:278-287. [PMID: 30343142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute and long-term (3-, 10- and 56-day exposure) laboratory toxicity tests were carried out to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens. In addition to morphological parameters, this work also used comet assay to address endpoints in relation to genotoxicity. Bioaccumulation was measured to demonstrate the influence of the mixture on the concentrations of each metal in the plant. The statistical method reported by Ince et al. (1999) was used to evaluate the types of interaction between Cd and Pb in each treatment and concerning their combined effect. This study concludes that the combined effects of binary metal combinations of Cd/Pb on morphological parameters are most often additive, sometimes antagonistic and more rarely synergistic, thus extending the findings of previous publications on this subject. DNA damage analysis revealed concentration- and time-dependent interactions. Synergistic effects of mixed metals (more breaks than individually applied metals) are observed in T. repens after a short exposure. Antagonistic effects are statistically significant after 10 days-exposure, suggesting competition between metals. At 56 days, the rate of DNA damage observed in plants exposed to the Cd/Pb mixture was similar to that measured in plants exposed to lead only and was significantly lower than the rate of DNA damage induced by Cd. This supports the idea that there may be competition between metals and also strengthens the hypothesis that long-term reparation mechanisms may be implemented. Cd/Pb co-exposure does not significantly influence the bioaccumulation of each metal. It is nevertheless important to note that a statistically significant 'interaction' is not necessarily biologically relevant and should therefore be considered with caution when assessing heavy metals combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lanier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - F Bernard
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - S Dumez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Leclercq-Dransart
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Lemière
- Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Platel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - I Devred
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Hayet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Deram
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri SA, Al-Khaishany MYY, Al-Qutami MA, Ali HM, Al-Whaibi MH, Al-Wahibi MS, Alharby HF. Mitigation of adverse effects of heat stress on Vicia faba by exogenous application of magnesium. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1393-1401. [PMID: 30505187 PMCID: PMC6251988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on the growth performance, oxidative damage, DNA damage, and photosynthetic pigment synthesis, as well as on the activity level of carbonic anhydrase (CA), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), and antioxidant enzymes were studied in Vicia faba L. plants exposed to heat stress (HS) and non-heat-stress (non-HS) conditions. Seeds were grown in pots containing a 1:1 mixture of sand and peat, with Mg treatments. The treatments consisted of (i) 0 Mg and non-HS (ambient temperature; control); (ii) 50 mM Mg; (iii) HS (38 °C); and (iv) 50 mM Mg and HS (38 °C). HS was imposed by placing potted plants in an incubator at 38 °C for 48 h. Growth attributes, total chlorophyll (Total Chl), and CA, and Rubisco activity decreased in plants subjected to HS, whereas accumulation of organic solutes [proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB)]; superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity; DNA damage; electrolyte leakage (EL); and malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content all increased. Application of Mg, however, significantly enhanced further proline (Pro), glycinebetaine (GB), SOD, POD, and CAT activity, and decreased DNA damage, EL, and MDA and H2O2 concentrations. These results suggest that adequate supply of Mg is not only essential for plant growth and development, but also improves plant tolerance to HS by suppressing cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species through the enhancement of the accumulation of Pro and GB, and the actions of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutahhar Y Y Al-Khaishany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Qutami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Al-Whaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona S Al-Wahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Rani KU, Musthafa MS, War M, Al-Sadoon MK, Paray BA, Shareef THMA, Nawas PMA. Impact of tributyltin on antioxidant and DNA damage response in spermatozoa of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20000-20006. [PMID: 26296505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of tributyltin (TBT) on antioxidant [total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and DNA damage levels in the spermatozoa were studied and reported here for the first time in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Three groups of (n = 10 in each group) fishes were exposed to three different nominal concentrations of TBT viz., 1, 2, and 4 mg L(-1) along with control group for 90 days. Significant decrease of antioxidant and increased DNA damage levels were seen at higher doses of 2 and 4 mg L(-1). In prawn, the antioxidant level plays a vital role in sperm protection, activation, differential functions related to the physiology, and reproductive behavior. This study serves as a biomonitoring tool to assess the TBT effects on reproductive behavior of aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umaa Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Saiyad Musthafa
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, 600014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mehrajuddin War
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai, 600014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - P Mohideen Askar Nawas
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Periyar E.V.R College of Arts and Science, Trichirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Lanier C, Manier N, Cuny D, Deram A. The comet assay in higher terrestrial plant model: Review and evolutionary trends. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:6-20. [PMID: 26327498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive technique for the measurement of DNA damage in individual cells. Although it has been primarily applied to animal cells, its adaptation to higher plant tissues significantly extends the utility of plants for environmental genotoxicity research. The present review focuses on 101 key publications and discusses protocols and evolutionary trends specific to higher plants. General consensus validates the use of the percentage of DNA found in the tail, the alkaline version of the test and root study. The comet protocol has proved its effectiveness and its adaptability for cultivated plant models. Its transposition in wild plants thus appears as a logical evolution. However, certain aspects of the protocol can be improved, namely through the systematic use of positive controls and increasing the number of nuclei read. These optimizations will permit the increase in the performance of this test, namely when interpreting mechanistic and physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lanier
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, B.P. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Annabelle Deram
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France.
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11
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Santos CLV, Pourrut B, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The use of comet assay in plant toxicology: recent advances. Front Genet 2015; 6:216. [PMID: 26175750 PMCID: PMC4485349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic study of genotoxicity in plants induced by contaminants and other stress agents has been hindered to date by the lack of reliable and robust biomarkers. The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single-cell level. Due to its simplicity and sensitivity, and the small number of cells required to obtain robust results, the use of plant comet assay has drastically increased in the last decade. For years its use was restricted to a few model species, e.g., Allium cepa, Nicotiana tabacum, Vicia faba, or Arabidopsis thaliana but this number largely increased in the last years. Plant comet assay has been used to study the genotoxic impact of radiation, chemicals including pesticides, phytocompounds, heavy metals, nanoparticles or contaminated complex matrices. Here we will review the most recent data on the use of this technique as a standard approach for studying the genotoxic effects of different stress conditions on plants. Also, we will discuss the integration of information provided by the comet assay with other DNA-damage indicators, and with cellular responses including oxidative stress, cell division or cell death. Finally, we will focus on putative relations between transcripts related with DNA damage pathways, DNA replication and repair, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression that have been identified in plant cells with comet assays demonstrating DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement - Groupe ISA Lille, France
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Ghoshal N, Talapatra S, Talukder P, Sengupta M, Ray SK, Chakraborty A, Raychaudhuri SS. Cross-adaptation to cadmium stress in Plantago ovata by pre-exposure to low dose of gamma rays: Effects on metallothionein and metal content. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:611-23. [PMID: 25968556 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of gamma pre-exposure on cadmium accumulation in Plantago ovata seedlings. Metallothionein (MT) localization was also studied following Cadmium (Cd) treatment in P. ovata. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA damage was determined by alkaline comet assay. MT gene and protein expression were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, respectively, in root and shoot tissues. Metal accumulation (Cd, zinc [Zn], iron [Fe]) was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. RESULTS Cd treatment decreased seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity and increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. When P. ovata seeds were pre- exposed to 5 Gy gamma dose (prior to Cd treatment) seed germination rate, biomass and free radical scavenging activity increased significantly. MT genes (PoMT1, PoMT2 and PoMT3) and MT protein expression enhanced when 5 Gy gamma-irradiated seeds were grown in Cd containing medium and Cd accumulation also increased in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Higher Cd accumulation in P. ovata seedlings may be attributed to the upregulation of PoMT genes in gamma pretreated seedlings. Localization of metallothionein in cytosol and nucleus indicated its positive role against Cd-mediated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Ghoshal
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Shonima Talapatra
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Pratik Talukder
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Mandar Sengupta
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Suman Kumar Ray
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- b UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Radiation Biology Division , Salt Lake, Kolkata , India
| | - Sarmistha Sen Raychaudhuri
- a Department of Biophysics , Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta , Kolkata , India
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13
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Xu XR, Tan FQ, Zhu JQ, Ye T, Wang CL, Zhu YF, Dahms HU, Jin F, Yang WX. Detection of DNA damage caused by cryopreservation using a modified SCGE in large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2014; 65:405-13. [PMID: 25475980 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.65.2014.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We used single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) to detect the integrity of sperm DNA of the teleost large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea, cryopreserved with Cortland solution and a range of 5% to 30% DMSO concentrations in order to test how sperm cryopreservation affected the DNA stability of nuclei. Electrophoresis was conducted for 60 min at 130 mA and 15 V. The comet images were analyzed with software CometScore 1.5, and parameters such as comet length, tail length and percentage DNA in the tail were obtained. Then the comet rate and damage coefficient were calculated. Results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in motility, comet rate and damage coefficient between fresh sperm and cryopreserved sperm stored in 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% DMSO, while the sperm cryopreserved with 25% and 30% DMSO had a lower motility, higher comet length and damage coefficients than those of fresh sperm. There was a positive correlation between comet rate of cryopreserved sperm and the concentration of DMSO. Our results demonstrate that toxicity of the cryoprotectant is the main cause of DNA damage in cryopreserved sperm nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Rong Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital 1 Xueshi Road Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- Zhejiang University The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Jun-Quan Zhu
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ting Ye
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhu
- Ningbo University Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- KMU - Kaohsiung Medical University Dept. of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology No. 100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Fan Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital 1 Xueshi Road Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- Zhejiang University The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Science Hangzhou 310012 China
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14
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Manier N, Brulle F, Le Curieux F, Vandenbulcke F, Deram A. Biomarker measurements in Trifolium repens and Eisenia fetida to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with landfill leachate: a microcosm study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:339-348. [PMID: 22520451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the toxicity of a soil contaminated with landfill leachate, biomarker measurements in two species living in close contact with the soil, i.e. a plant species Trifolium repens and an animal species Eisenia fetida, were conducted. Briefly, both species were studied after simultaneous exposure conducted in microcosms. The organisms were exposed to soil supplemented with pure leachate, leachate diluted to 50%; leachate diluted to 25% and without leachate. After a 10 weeks exposure period, we observed an increase in the Olive Trail Moment in T. repens, compared to the reference, for 50% and pure leachate. The response observed appears to be dose-dependent and linear in our experimental conditions. Addition of the leachate to the reference soil induced an increase in Cd-Metallothionein-coding mRNA quantity in E. fetida. In addition, expression level of another gene implied in detoxification and coding Phytochelatin synthase was significantly induced in worms exposed to the reference soil spiked with the leachate, regardless presence of T. repens. Thus, T. repens and E. fetida can be used in a complementary manner to assess soil quality. Sensitivities of the test species yield sensitive bioassays as both species responded at low doses despite the buffering effect of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manier
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
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15
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Rodriguez E, Azevedo R, Fernandes P, Santos C. Cr(VI) induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and polyploidization: a flow cytometric and comet assay study in Pisum sativum. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1040-7. [PMID: 21667992 DOI: 10.1021/tx2001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromium(VI) is recognized as the most toxic valency of Cr, but its genotoxicity and cytostaticity in plants is still poorly studied. In order to analyze Cr(VI) cyto- and gentotoxicity, Pisum sativum L. plants were grown in soil and watered with solutions with different concentrations of Cr up to 2000 mg/L. After 28 days of exposure, leaves showed no significant variations in either cell cycle dynamics or ploidy level. As for DNA damage, flow cytometric (FCM) histograms showed significant differences in full peak coefficient of variation (FPCV) values, suggesting clastogenicity. This is paralleled by the Comet assay results, showing an increase in DNA damage for 1000 and 2000 mg/L. In roots, exposure to 2000 mg/L resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M checkpoint. It was also verified that under the same conditions 40% of the individuals analyzed suffered polyploidization having both 2C and 4C levels. DNA damage analysis by the Comet assay and FCM revealed dose-dependent increases in DNA damage and FPCV. Through this, we have unequivocally demonstrated for the first time in plants that Cr exposure can result in DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and polyploidization. Moreover, we critically compare the validity of the Comet assay and FCM in evaluating cytogenetic toxicity tests in plants and demonstrate that the data provided by both techniques complement each other and present high correlation levels. In conclusion, the data presented provides new insight on Cr effects in plants in general and supports the use of the parameters tested in this study as reliable endpoints for this metal toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Rodriguez
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Vandenhove H, Vanhoudt N, Cuypers A, van Hees M, Wannijn J, Horemans N. Life-cycle chronic gamma exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana induces growth effects but no discernable effects on oxidative stress pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:778-786. [PMID: 20637647 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to low-dose chronic gamma irradiation during a full life cycle (seed to seed) and several biological responses were investigated. Applied dose rates were 2336, 367 and 81 microGy h(-1). Following 24 days (inflorescence emergence), 34 days (approximately 50% of flowers open) and 54 days (silice ripening) exposure, plants were harvested and monitored for biometric parameters, capacities of enzymes involved in the antioxidative defence mechanisms (SOD, APOD, GLUR, GPOD, SPOD, CAT, ME), glutathione and ascorbate pool, lipid peroxidation products, altered gene expression of selected genes encoding for antioxidative enzymes or reactive oxygen species production, and DNA integrity. Root fresh weight was significantly reduced after gamma exposure compared to the control at all stages monitored but no significant differences in root weight for the different dose rates applied was observed. Leaf and stem fresh weight were significantly reduced at the highest irradiation level after 54 days exposure only. Also total plant fresh was significantly lower at silice riping and this for the highest and medium dose rate applied. The dose rate estimated to result in a 10% reduction in growth (EDR-10) ranged between 60 and 80 microGy h(-1). Germination of seeds from the gamma irradiated plants was not hampered. For several of the antioxidative defence enzymes studied, the enzyme capacity was generally stimulated towards flowering but generally no significant effect of dose rate on enzyme capacity was observed. Gene analysis revealed a significant transient and dose dependent change in expression of RBOHC indicating active reactive oxygen production induced by gamma irradiation. No effect of irradiation was observed on concentration or reduction state of the non-enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbate and glutathione. The level of lipid peroxidation products remained constant throughout the observation period and was not affected by dose rate. The comet assay did not reveal any effect of gamma dose rate on DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK.CEN), Biosphere Impact Studies, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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17
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. The Comet Assay: A Versatile Tool for Assessing DNA Damage. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Mahima Bajpayee
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
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18
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Saghirzadeh M, Gharaati MR, Mohammadi S, Ghiassi-Nejad M. Evaluation of DNA damage in the root cells of Allium cepa seeds growing in soil of high background radiation areas of Ramsar-Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2008; 99:1698-702. [PMID: 18524436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are unique in their ability to serve as in situ monitors for environmental genotoxins. We have used the alkaline comet assay for detecting induced DNA damage in Allium cepa to estimate the impact of high levels of natural radiation in the soils of inhabited zones of Ramsar. The average specific activity of natural radionuclides measured in the soil samples for 226Ra was 12,766 Bq kg(-1) whereas in the control soils was in the range of 34-60 Bq kg(-1). A positive strong significant correlation of the DNA damage in nuclei of the root cells of A. cepa seeds germinated in the soil of high background radiation areas with 226Ra specific activity of the soil samples was observed. The results showed high genotoxicity of radioactively contaminated soils. Also the linear increase in the DNA damage indicates that activation of repair enzymes is not triggered by exposure to radiation in HBRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saghirzadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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19
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Georgieva M, Stoilov L. Assessment of DNA strand breaks induced by bleomycin in barley by the comet assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2008; 49:381-387. [PMID: 18418872 DOI: 10.1002/em.20396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Comet assay was applied to study induction and repair of DNA damage produced by bleomycin in barley genome. Experimental conditions were adapted to achieve efficient detection of both DNA single- and double-strand breaks. Substantial increase of the parameter "% of DNA in tail" was observed coupled with almost linear dependence from bleomycin concentration, more pronounced for the induction of DNA double-strand breaks. Data obtained at different recovery periods displayed rapid restoration of breakage, revealing that efficient mechanisms for repair of strand discontinuities induced by bleomycin are functional in barley DNA loop domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyana Georgieva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics Acad. D. Kostoff, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:5-32. [PMID: 18427939 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. This has led to increased pollution of ecosystems as well as deterioration of the air, water, and soil quality. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Test systems which help in hazard prediction and risk assessment are important to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals before their release into the environment or commercial use as well as DNA damage in flora and fauna affected by contaminated/polluted habitats. The Comet assay has been widely accepted as a simple, sensitive, and rapid tool for assessing DNA damage and repair in individual eukaryotic as well as some prokaryotic cells, and has increasingly found application in diverse fields ranging from genetic toxicology to human epidemiology. This review is an attempt to comprehensively encase the use of Comet assay in different models from bacteria to man, employing diverse cell types to assess the DNA-damaging potential of chemicals and/or environmental conditions. Sentinel species are the first to be affected by adverse changes in their environment. Determination of DNA damage using the Comet assay in these indicator organisms would thus provide information about the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would allow for intervention strategies to be implemented for prevention or reduction of deleterious health effects in the sentinel species as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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21
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Lin AJ, Zhang XH, Chen MM, Cao Q. Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:596-602. [PMID: 17915690 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows that cadmium (Cd) could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was more significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/L in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidase activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was likely an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Vandenhove H, Cuypers A, Van Hees M, Koppen G, Wannijn J. Oxidative stress reactions induced in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) following exposure to uranium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:795-805. [PMID: 17097293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the biological effects induced by bioaccumulation of uranium in Phaseolus vulgaris. Ten-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 microM U in diluted Hoagland solution. Following 1, 2, 4 and 7 days' exposure, plants were monitored for uranium uptake, biometric parameters, capacities of enzymes involved in the anti-oxidative defense mechanisms (GPOD, SPOD, GLUR, SOD, ICDH, G-6P-DH), glutathione (GSH) pool and DNA integrity. Uranium contents were up to 900-fold higher in roots (31-14,916 mg kg(-1) FW following 7 days' exposure to 0.1 and 1000 microM U, respectively) as compared to primary leaves (1-16 mg kg(-1) FW following 7 days' exposure to 0.1 and 1000 microM U, respectively). Uranium exposure did not significantly affect plant growth compared to the control. For all enzymes studied, except SOD, enzyme capacities in roots were slightly stimulated with increasing contaminant concentrations (though not significantly). For roots exposed to 1000 microM U, enzyme capacities were significantly reduced. Enzyme capacities in leaves were not affected by uranium treatment. Total and reduced GSH levels were higher in primary leaves of uranium (</=100 microM U) exposed plants than in control plants. When exposed to 1000 microM U, level of total and reduced GSH dropped. These results indicate that uranium can cause oxidative stress and cellular redox imbalance. Root DNA integrity was hampered at the highest external uranium concentration. For P. vulgaris the uranium toxicity threshold is expected to be between 100 and 1000 microM U.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vandenhove
- Protection Research Unit, Section of Radioecology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK-CEN), Radiation Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Lin A, Zhu Y, Tong Y. Evaluation of genotoxicity of combined soil pollution by cadmium and imidacloprid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48 Suppl 1:7-13. [PMID: 16089324 DOI: 10.1007/bf02889796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the important pollutants of soil and the genotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soil was studied in combination with imidacloprid. The single cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay was used to quantify DNA strand breaks as a measure of DNA damage induced by Cd and imidacloprid contamination in soil. The soil was artificially contaminated by Cd (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg x kg(-1) dry soil) or Cd (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg x kg(-1) dry soil) and imidacloprid (0.5 mg x kg(-1) dry soil). Roots of Vicia faba were exposed to the contaminated soil for 2 h at 25 degrees C and were used in the comet assay. DNA damage was measured as the values of percentage of nuclei with tails, tail length, tail DNA, tail moment (TM), and Olive tail moment (OTM). DNA damages of root tips of Vicia faba increased after Cd treatment and there were dose-related increases in DNA damage measured as these parameters. However, the addition of imidacloprid further increased the DNA damage. These data confirmed the genotoxic effect of Cd to plants, and that the combined pollution with imidacloprid can enhance the genotoxicity of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Lin
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Sriussadaporn C, Yamamoto K, Fukushi K, Simazaki D. Comparison of DNA damage detected by plant comet assay in roadside and non-roadside environments. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2003; 541:31-44. [PMID: 14568292 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although mixed air pollutants generated from traffic are suspected as one of the causes of DNA damage in living species, effects of the combination of these pollutants and other micro-environmental factors on urban biota have not been clarified yet. Thus, this study mainly aimed to detect the genetic damages in selected plant biomonitors, which were ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), pohtos (Epipremnum aureum), and periwinkle (Vinca rosea), setting in roadside and non-roadside environments. Two monitoring positions were selected in the Hongo campus of the University of Tokyo, Japan. This area was categorized as the urban residential zone. Both roadside and non-roadside samples were analyzed by using comet assay protocol. Different distribution changes in DNA migration ratios of all species could be observed and further interpreted as percentages of DNA damage. For all test species, in the final stage of experiment, roadside samples showed significantly higher degrees of DNA damage than non-roadside one. Time-dependent response pattern of each species to the overall environmental stresses was performed. Increase in the percentages of DNA damage could be expressed by regression equations. In addition, ratio of percentage of DNA damage between roadside and non-roadside species (R/N ratio) was introduced in order to clarify the additional genetic effect caused by roadside air pollutants. Series of response phase of plant under stresses, including cell destabilization, damage intensification, and re-stabilization, were explained. This study might be applied as a preliminary method in urban air quality assessment for detecting the existing effects of air pollutants and micro-environmental stress in an urban ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchalida Sriussadaporn
- Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Poli P, de Mello MA, Buschini A, de Castro VLSS, Restivo FM, Rossi C, Zucchi TMAD. Evaluation of the genotoxicity induced by the fungicide fenarimol in mammalian and plant cells by use of the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutat Res 2003; 540:57-66. [PMID: 12972058 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fenarimol, a systemic pyrimidine carbinol fungicide, is considered to be not genotoxic or weakly genotoxic, although the available toxicological data are controversial and incomplete. Our results obtained in vitro with leukocytes of two different rodent species (rat and mouse) show that fenarimol affects DNA, as detected by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, Comet) assay. This fungicide is able to induce DNA damage in a dose-related manner, with significant effectiveness at 36 nM, but without significant interspecies differences. Simultaneous exposure of rat leukocytes to fenarimol (36-290 nM) and a model genotoxic compound (50 microg/ml bleomycin) produced a supra-additive cytotoxic and genotoxic effect. This supports previous findings suggesting possible co-toxic, co-mutagenic, cancer-promoting and co-carcinogenic potential of fenarimol, and modification of the effects of other xenobiotics found to be influenced by this agrotoxic chemical, with consequent different toxicological events. The potential for DNA strand breaks to act as a biomarker of genetic toxicity in plants in vivo was also considered, in view of the fact that higher plants represent reliable sensors in an ecosystem. Significant DNA breakage was observed in the nuclei of Impatiens balsamina leaves after in vivo treatment with fenarimol (145 nM, 1h). More than 50% of the cells showed such DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poli
- Dipartimento di Genetica Antropologia Evoluzione, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze11/a, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Kleinjans JCS, van Schooten FJ. Ecogenotoxicology: the evolving field. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 11:173-179. [PMID: 21782600 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(01)00115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2001] [Revised: 11/02/2001] [Accepted: 11/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of chemical contaminants with DNA-damaging capacity in the environment represents a threat to human health as well as to the health of the ecosystem. This mini-review describes studies that were aimed to monitor at field conditions, the presence of such environmental toxicants and their DNA-damaging effects in aquatic and terrestrial species, as well as in birds. It is obvious that these studies, in particular are abundantly performed in fish and aquatic invertebrates, have brought forward new information on the levels and genotoxic effects of these compounds which complements data coming from monitoring the abiotic fractions of the ecosystem, thereby demonstrating that the ecogenotoxicological approach is fruitful. However, in order to assess the genotoxic impact on the health of the ecosystem, a second generation type of field studies is required focusing on adverse effects on biodiversity and on survival potency. For this, the application of DNA microarray-based technologies provides new opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gichner T, Ptácek O, Stavreva DA, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. A comparison of DNA repair using the comet assay in tobacco seedlings after exposure to alkylating agents or ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2000; 470:1-9. [PMID: 10986470 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We employed single cell gel electrophoresis to analyze the kinetics of DNA repair in nuclei isolated from tobacco plants exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and gamma-radiation. DNA repair was measured as the reduction of the tail moment values as a function of time after the mutagen treatment ended. DNA damage in leaf nuclei of EMS-or ENU-treated tobacco plants persisted over a 72h recovery period. However, a reduction of the SCGE tail moment values in nuclei isolated from leaves was observed over a 4-week period of recovery. Newly emerged leaves expressed a lower level of DNA damage due to more efficient repair and/or dilution of initial DNA lesions during cell division. After 24h recovery, leaf nuclei from cells exposed to 20 or 40Gy of gamma-radiation expressed complete DNA repair. These data indicate that DNA lesions induced by alkylating agents are not readily repaired and persist beyond 4 weeks. Enzymes necessary to repair gamma-induced DNA lesions are fully functional in non-replicating leaf cells and single and double strand breaks are rapidly repaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gichner
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Karlovce 1a, 160 00 6, Prague, Czech Republic
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