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Torrecillas-Baena B, Pulido-Escribano V, Dorado G, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Casado-Díaz A. Clinical Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Bone Regeneration. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4385. [PMID: 37445420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is regulated by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and stem cells. Pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and traumatic fractures require effective treatments that favor bone formation and regeneration. Among these, cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been proposed. MSC are osteoprogenitors, but their regenerative activity depends in part on their paracrine properties. These are mainly mediated by extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. EV modulates regenerative processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Thus, MSC-EV are currently an important tool for the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. This review describes the current knowledge of the effects of MSC-EV in the different phases of bone regeneration. MSC-EV has been used by intravenous injection, directly or in combination with different types of biomaterials, in preclinical models of bone diseases. They have shown great clinical potential in regenerative medicine applied to bone. These findings should be confirmed through standardization of protocols, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action, and appropriate clinical trials. All that will allow the translation of such cell-free therapy to human clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Victoria Pulido-Escribano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Department Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Yallowitz AR, Shim JH, Xu R, Greenblatt M. An angiogenic approach to osteoanabolic therapy targeting the SHN3-SLIT3 pathway. Bone 2023; 172:116761. [PMID: 37030497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Often, disorders of impaired bone formation involve not only a cell intrinsic defect in the ability of osteoblasts to form bone, but moreover a broader dysfunction of the skeletal microenvironment that limits osteoblast activity. Developing approaches to osteoanabolic therapy that not only augment osteoblast activity but moreover correct this microenvironmental dysfunction may enable both more effective osteoanabolic therapies and also addressing a broader set of indications where vasculopathy or other forms microenvironment dysfunction feature prominently. We here review evidence that SHN3 acts as a suppressor of not only the cell intrinsic bone formation activity of osteoblasts, but moreover of the creation of a local osteoanabolic microenvironment. Mice lacking Schnurri3 (SHN3, HIVEP3) display a very robust increase in bone formation, that is due to de-repression of ERK pathway signaling in osteoblasts. In addition to loss of SHN3 augmenting the differentiation and bone formation activity of osteoblasts, loss of SHN3 increases secretion of SLIT3 by osteoblasts, which in a skeletal context acts as an angiogenic factor. Through this angiogenic activity, SLIT3 creates an osteoanabolic microenvironment, and accordingly treatment with SLIT3 can increase bone formation and enhance fracture healing. These features both validate vascular endothelial cells as a therapeutic target for disorders of low bone mass alongside the traditionally targeted osteoblasts and osteoclasts and indicate that targeting the SHN3/SLIT3 pathway provides a new mechanism to induce therapeutic osteoanabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, USA; Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Matthew Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
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Bian Y, Hu T, Lv Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhu W, Feng B, Liang R, Tan C, Weng X. Bone tissue engineering for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210105. [PMID: 37324030 PMCID: PMC10190954 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating and complicated disease with an unclear etiology. Femoral head-preserving surgeries have been devoted to delaying and hindering the collapse of the femoral head since their introduction in the last century. However, the isolated femoral head-preserving surgeries cannot prevent the natural progression of ONFH, and the combination of autogenous or allogeneic bone grafting often leads to many undesired complications. To tackle this dilemma, bone tissue engineering has been widely developed to compensate for the deficiencies of these surgeries. During the last decades, great progress has been made in ingenious bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art progress made in bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment. The definition, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and current treatments of ONFH are first described. Then, the recent progress in the development of various bone-repairing biomaterials, including bioceramics, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and metals, for treating ONFH is presented. Thereafter, regenerative therapies for ONFH treatment are also discussed. Finally, we give some personal insights on the current challenges of these therapeutic strategies in the clinic and the future development of bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Bian
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Zehui Lv
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Xisheng Weng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryState Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Qin Q, Liu Y, Yang Z, Aimaijiang M, Ma R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Signaling in Osteogenesis and Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911201. [PMID: 36232501 PMCID: PMC9569554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient oxygen is required to maintain normal cellular and physiological function, such as a creature’s development, breeding, and homeostasis. Lately, some researchers have reported that both pathological hypoxia and environmental hypoxia might affect bone health. Adaptation to hypoxia is a pivotal cellular event in normal cell development and differentiation and in pathological settings such as ischemia. As central mediators of homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) can allow cells to survive in a low-oxygen environment and are essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and skeletal repair. From this perspective, we summarized the role of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in signaling pathways implicated in bone development and skeletal repair and outlined the molecular mechanism of regulation of downstream growth factors and protein molecules such as VEGF, EPO, and so on. All of these present an opportunity for developing therapies for bone regeneration.
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Tosun B, Wolff LI, Houben A, Nutt S, Hartmann C. Osteoclasts and Macrophages-Their Role in Bone Marrow Cavity Formation During Mouse Embryonic Development. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1761-1774. [PMID: 35689447 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the bone marrow cavity is a prerequisite for endochondral ossification. In reviews and textbooks, it is occasionally reported that osteoclasts are essential for bone marrow cavity formation removing hypertrophic chondrocytes. Mice lacking osteoclasts or having functionally defective osteoclasts have osteopetrotic bones, yet they still form a bone marrow cavity. Here, we investigated the role of osteoclasts and macrophages in bone marrow cavity formation during embryogenesis. Macrophages can assist osteoclasts in matrix removal by phagocytosing resorption byproducts. Rank-deficient mice, lacking osteoclasts, and Pu.1-deficient mice, lacking monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts, displayed a delay in bone marrow cavity formation and a lengthening of the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes. F4/80-positive monocyte/macrophage numbers increased by about fourfold in the bone marrow cavity of E18.5 Rank-deficient mice. Based on lineage-tracing experiments, the majority of the excess F4/80 cells were derived from definitive hematopoietic precursors of the fetal liver. In long bones of both Rank-/- and Pu.1-/- specimens, Mmp9-positive cells were still present. In addition to monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts, Ctsb-positive septoclasts were lost in Pu.1-/- specimens. The mineralization pattern was altered in Rank-/- and Pu.1-/- specimens, revealing a significant rise in transverse-oriented mineralized structures. Taken together, our findings imply that early on during bone marrow cavity formation, osteoclasts facilitate the entry of blood vessels and later the turnover of hypertrophic chondrocytes, whereas macrophages appear to play no major role. Furthermore, the absence of septoclasts in Pu.1-/- specimens suggests that septoclasts are either derived from Pu.1-dependent precursors or require PU.1 activity for their differentiation. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tosun
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Ingeborg Wolff
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Houben
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephen Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
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Li JW, Wang JY, Yu RQ, Huo L, Zheng LW. Expression of angiogenic markers in jawbones and femur in a rat model treated with zoledronic acid. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:12. [PMID: 35012647 PMCID: PMC8751108 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the gene expression of angiogenic marker in surgically treated jawbones and femur on a rat model administrated with zoledronic acid. Results No soft tissue fenestration or bone exposure was found in femur. Delayed soft tissue healing was found in both ZA group (3 in mandible, 4 in maxilla) and control group (1 in mandible, 2 in maxilla), while exposed bone was found only in the ZA group (1 in maxilla, 2 in mandible). RT-PCR analysis demonstrated no significant difference in gene expression of angiogenetic markers between ZA-treated and control groups in femur and mandible. In the maxilla, the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR-2 in medium-term ZA group was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the control. The ZA treatment does not change significantly the expression of the angiogenic factors in femur and mandible, but significantly downregulates the expression in maxilla in this rat model. The angiogenesis inhibition may contribute to the development of MRONJ but does not play a key role. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05900-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen Li
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Yi Wang
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ru Qing Yu
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Wu Zheng
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Varsano N, Kahil K, Haimov H, Rechav K, Addadi L, Weiner S. Characterization of the growth plate-bone interphase region using cryo-FIB SEM 3D volume imaging. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107781. [PMID: 34411695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The interphase region at the base of the growth plate includes blood vessels, cells and mineralized tissues. In this region, cartilage is mineralized and replaced with bone. Blood vessel extremities permeate this space providing nutrients, oxygen and signaling factors. All these different components form a complex intertwined 3D structure. Here we use cryo-FIB SEM to elaborate this 3D structure without removing the water. As it is challenging to image mineralized and unmineralized tissues in a hydrated state, we provide technical details of the parameters used. We obtained two FIB SEM image stacks that show that the blood vessels are in intimate contact not only with cells, but in some locations also with mineralized tissues. There are abundant red blood cells at the extremities of the vessels. We also documented large multinucleated cells in contact with mineralized cartilage and possibly also with bone. We observed membrane bound mineralized particles in these cells, as well as in blood serum, but not in the hypertrophic chondrocytes. We confirm that there is an open pathway from the blood vessel extremities to the mineralizing cartilage. Based on the sparsity of the mineralized particles, we conclude that mainly ions in solution are used for mineralizing cartilage and bone, but these are augmented by the supply of mineralized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Varsano
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Kahil
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heden Haimov
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080952. [PMID: 34440156 PMCID: PMC8394928 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.
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9
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Sivaraj KK, Jeong HW, Dharmalingam B, Zeuschner D, Adams S, Potente M, Adams RH. Regional specialization and fate specification of bone stromal cells in skeletal development. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109352. [PMID: 34260921 PMCID: PMC8293626 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone stroma contributes to the regulation of osteogenesis and hematopoiesis but also to fracture healing and disease processes. Mesenchymal stromal cells from bone (BMSCs) represent a heterogenous mixture of different subpopulations with distinct molecular and functional properties. The lineage relationship between BMSC subsets and their regulation by intrinsic and extrinsic factors are not well understood. Here, we show with mouse genetics, ex vivo cell differentiation assays, and transcriptional profiling that BMSCs from metaphysis (mpMSCs) and diaphysis (dpMSCs) are fundamentally distinct. Fate-tracking experiments and single-cell RNA sequencing indicate that bone-forming osteoblast lineage cells and dpMSCs, including leptin receptor-positive (LepR+) reticular cells in bone marrow, emerge from mpMSCs in the postnatal metaphysis. Finally, we show that BMSC fate is controlled by platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling and the transcription factor Jun-B. The sum of our findings improves our understanding of BMSC development, lineage relationships, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Backialakshmi Dharmalingam
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Bevacizumab Arrests Osteoarthritis Progression in a Rabbit Model: A Dose-Escalation Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132825. [PMID: 34206900 PMCID: PMC8268196 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage neoangiogenesis holds a prominent role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibitor of angiogenesis, in a rabbit OA model. Animals were divided into four groups: one receiving a sham intra-articular knee injection and three groups undergoing 5, 10, and 20 mg intra-articular bevacizumab injections. The effect of the antibody on articular cartilage and synovium was assessed through histology and quantified with the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. Bevacizumab treatment led to a significant reduction of cartilage degeneration and synovial OA changes. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly lower cartilage MMP-13 expression levels in all experimental groups, with the one receiving 20 mg bevacizumab showing the lowest. The antibody also resulted in increased production of aggrecan and type 2 collagen after administration of 5, 10, and 20 mg. The group treated with 20 mg showed the highest levels of type 2 collagen, while aggrecan content was even higher than in the healthy cartilage. Intra-articular bevacizumab has been demonstrated to effectively arrest OA progression in our model, with 20 mg being the most efficacious dose.
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11
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Janebodin K, Chavanachat R, Hays A, Reyes Gil M. Silencing VEGFR-2 Hampers Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665886. [PMID: 34249919 PMCID: PMC8267829 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a source of postnatal stem cells essential for maintenance and regeneration of dentin and pulp tissues. Previous in vivo transplantation studies have shown that DPSCs are able to give rise to odontoblast-like cells, form dentin/pulp-like structures, and induce blood vessel formation. Importantly, dentin formation is closely associated to blood vessels. We have previously demonstrated that DPSC-induced angiogenesis is VEGFR-2-dependent. VEGFR-2 may play an important role in odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs, tooth formation and regeneration. Nevertheless, the role of VEGFR-2 signaling in odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs is still not well understood. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine the role of VEGFR-2 in odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs by knocking down the expression of VEGFR-2 in DPSCs and studying their odontoblast differentiation capacity in vitro and in vivo. Isolation and characterization of murine DPSCs was performed as previously described. DPSCs were induced by VEGFR-2 shRNA viral vectors transfection (MOI = 10:1) to silence the expression of VEGFR-2. The GFP+ expression in CopGFP DPSCs was used as a surrogate to measure the efficiency of transfection and verification that the viral vector does not affect the expression of VEGFR-2. The efficiency of viral transfection was shown by significant reduction in the levels of VEGFR-2 based on the Q-RT-PCR and immunofluorescence in VEGFR-2 knockdown DPSCs, compared to normal DPSCs. VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSCs expressed not only very low level of VEGFR-2, but also that of its ligand, VEGF-A, compared to CopGFP DPSCs in both transcriptional and translational levels. In vitro differentiation of DPSCs in osteo-odontogenic media supplemented with BMP-2 (100 ng/ml) for 21 days demonstrated that CopGFP DPSCs, but not VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSCs, were positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and formed mineralized nodules demonstrated by positive Alizarin Red S staining. The expression levels of dentin matrix proteins, dentin matrix protein-1 (Dmp1), dentin sialoprotein (Dspp), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp), were also up-regulated in differentiated CopGFP DPSCs, compared to those in VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSCs, suggesting an impairment of odontoblast differentiation in VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSCs. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation of DPSCs with hydroxyapatite (HAp/TCP) for 5 weeks demonstrated that CopGFP DPSCs were able to differentiate into elongated and polarized odontoblast-like cells forming loose connective tissue resembling pulp-like structures with abundant blood vessels, as demonstrated by H&E, Alizarin Red S, and dentin matrix staining. On the other hand, in VEGFR-2 shRNA DPSC transplants, odontoblast-like cells were not observed. Collagen fibers were seen in replacement of dentin/pulp-like structures. These results indicate that VEGFR-2 may play an important role in dentin regeneration and highlight the potential of VEGFR-2 modulation to enhance dentin regeneration and tissue engineering as a promising clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajohnkiart Janebodin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Aislinn Hays
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Morayma Reyes Gil
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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12
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Iwan A, Moskalewski S, Hyc A. Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:54. [PMID: 33884197 PMCID: PMC8056382 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation is orchestrated by growth factors produced by chondrocytes and deposited in the cartilage matrix. Whilst some of these factors have been identified, the complete list and their relationship remains unknown. In the present study, the growth factors were isolated from non-calcified and calcified cartilage of costochondral junctions. Cartilage dissected from the ribs of 6-20-week-old calves was purchased from a local butcher within 24 h of the death of the animal. The isolation involved hyaluronidase digestion, guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl) extraction, HCl decalcification and GuHCl extraction of the decalcified matrix. Growth factors were purified by heparin chromatography and their quantities were estimated using ELISA. Decalcified cartilage was also used for protein sequence analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange; ID, PXD021781). Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and NEL-like protein-1 (NELL-1), all known growth factors that stimulate bone formation, quantitatively accounted for the majority of the material obtained in all steps of isolation. Thus, cartilage serves as a store for growth factors. During initial bone formation septoclasts release osteoclastogenesis-stimulating factors deposited in non-calcified cartilage. Osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage and transport the released factors required for the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to deposit osteoid. High concentrations of BMP-7, GDF-5 and NELL-1 at the site of initial bone formation may suggest that their synergistic action favours osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Iwan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL02004, Poland
| | - Stanisław Moskalewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL02004, Poland
| | - Anna Hyc
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw PL02004, Poland
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13
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Ultra-processed food targets bone quality via endochondral ossification. Bone Res 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33637698 PMCID: PMC7910299 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods have known negative implications for health; however, their effect on skeletal development has never been explored. Here, we show that young rats fed ultra-processed food rich in fat and sugar suffer from growth retardation due to lesions in their tibial growth plates. The bone mineral density decreases significantly, and the structural parameters of the bone deteriorate, presenting a sieve-like appearance in the cortices and poor trabecular parameters in long bones and vertebrae. This results in inferior mechanical performance of the entire bone with a high fracture risk. RNA sequence analysis of the growth plates demonstrated an imbalance in extracellular matrix formation and degradation and impairment of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization processes. Our findings highlight, for the first time, the severe impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the growing skeleton. This pathology extends far beyond that explained by the known metabolic effects, highlighting bone as a new target for studies of modern diets.
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14
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Proteomics of regenerated tissue in response to a titanium implant with a bioactive surface in a rat tibial defect model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18493. [PMID: 33116264 PMCID: PMC7595204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their excellent mechanical and biocompatibility properties, titanium-based implants are successfully used as biomedical devices. However, when new bone formation fails for different reasons, impaired fracture healing becomes a clinical problem and affects the patient's quality of life. We aimed to design a new bioactive surface of titanium implants with a synergetic PEG biopolymer-based composition for gradual delivery of growth factors (FGF2, VEGF, and BMP4) during bone healing. The optimal architecture of non-cytotoxic polymeric coatings deposited by dip coating under controlled parameters was assessed both in cultured cells and in a rat tibial defect model (100% viability). Notably, the titanium adsorbed polymer matrix induced an improved healing process when compared with the individual action of each biomolecules. High-performance mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that recovery after a traumatic event is governed by specific differentially regulated proteins, acting in a coordinated response to the external stimulus. Predicted protein interactions shown by STRING analysis were well organized in hub-based networks related with response to chemical, wound healing and response to stress pathways. The proposed functional polymer coatings of the titanium implants demonstrated the significant improvement of bone healing process after injury.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones grow in length by endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates at ends of developing long bones. This review provides an updated overview of the important factors that influence this process. RECENT FINDINGS Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the major hormone required for growth and a drug for treating pediatric skeletal disorders. Temperature is an underrecognized environmental variable that also impacts linear growth. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the interaction of IGF-1 and environmental factors on bone elongation. Understanding how internal and external variables regulate bone lengthening is essential for developing and improving treatments for an array of bone elongation disorders. Future studies may benefit from understanding how these unique relationships could offer realistic new approaches for increasing bone length in different growth-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Racine
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, 26074, USA
| | - Maria A Serrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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16
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VEGF/VEGF-R/RUNX2 Upregulation in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Seeded on Dual Acid Etched Titanium Disk. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030706. [PMID: 32033260 PMCID: PMC7040902 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In restorative dentistry, the main implants characteristic is the ability to promote the osseointegration process as the result of interaction between angiogenesis and osteogenesis events. On the other hand, implants cytocompatibility remains a necessary feature for the success of surgery. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interaction between human periodontal stem cells and two different types of titanium surfaces, to verify their cytocompatibility and cell adhesion ability, and to detect osteogenic and angiogenic markers, trough cell viability assay (MTT), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gene expression (RT-PCR). The titanium surfaces, machined (CTRL) and dual acid etched (TEST), tested in culture with human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), were previously treated in two different ways, in order to evaluate the effects of CTRL and TEST and define the best implant surface. Furthermore, the average surface roughness (Ra) of both titanium surfaces, CTRL and TEST, has been assessed through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expressions have been analyzed by RT-PCR, WB analysis, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data evidenced that the different morphology and topography of the TEST disk increased cell growth, cell adhesion, improved osteogenic and angiogenic events, as well osseointegration process. For this reason, the TEST surface was more biocompatible than the CTRL disk surface.
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17
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Sivaraj KK, Dharmalingam B, Mohanakrishnan V, Jeong HW, Kato K, Schröder S, Adams S, Koh GY, Adams RH. YAP1 and TAZ negatively control bone angiogenesis by limiting hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in endothelial cells. eLife 2020; 9:50770. [PMID: 31958058 PMCID: PMC6970532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are integrated into different organ environments with distinct properties and physiology (Augustin and Koh, 2017). A striking example of organ-specific specialization is the bone vasculature where certain molecular signals yield the opposite effect as in other tissues (Glomski et al., 2011; Kusumbe et al., 2014; Ramasamy et al., 2014). Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators Yap1 and Taz, components of the Hippo pathway, suppress vascular growth in the hypoxic microenvironment of bone, in contrast to their pro-angiogenic role in other organs. Likewise, the kinase Lats2, which limits Yap1/Taz activity, is essential for bone angiogenesis but dispensable in organs with lower levels of hypoxia. With mouse genetics, RNA sequencing, biochemistry, and cell culture experiments, we show that Yap1/Taz constrain hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) target gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We propose that crosstalk between Yap1/Taz and HIF1α controls angiogenesis depending on the level of tissue hypoxia, resulting in organ-specific biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor K Sivaraj
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Backialakshmi Dharmalingam
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vishal Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Schröder
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Tual-Chalot S, Garcia-Collado M, Redgrave RE, Singh E, Davison B, Park C, Lin H, Luli S, Jin Y, Wang Y, Lawrie A, Jakobsson L, Arthur HM. Loss of Endothelial Endoglin Promotes High-Output Heart Failure Through Peripheral Arteriovenous Shunting Driven by VEGF Signaling. Circ Res 2019; 126:243-257. [PMID: 31805812 PMCID: PMC6970547 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE ENG (endoglin) is a coreceptor for BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) 9/10 and is strongly expressed in endothelial cells. Mutations in ENG lead to the inherited vascular disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia characterized by local telangiectases and larger arteriovenous malformations (AVMs); but how ENG functions to regulate the adult vasculature is not understood. OBJECTIVE The goal of the work was to determine how ENG maintains vessel caliber in adult life to prevent AVM formation and thereby protect heart function. METHODS AND RESULTS Genetic depletion of endothelial Eng in adult mice led to a significant reduction in mean aortic blood pressure. There was no evidence of hemorrhage, anemia, or AVMs in major organs to explain the reduced aortic pressure. However, large AVMs developed in the peripheral vasculature intimately associated with the pelvic cartilaginous symphysis-a noncapsulated cartilage with a naturally high endogenous expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). The increased blood flow through these peripheral AVMs explained the drop in aortic blood pressure and led to increased cardiac preload, and high stroke volumes, ultimately resulting in high-output heart failure. Development of pelvic AVMs in this region of high VEGF expression occurred because loss of ENG in endothelial cells leads to increased sensitivity to VEGF and a hyperproliferative response. Development of AVMs and associated progression to high-output heart failure in the absence of endothelial ENG was attenuated by targeting VEGF signaling with an anti-VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) antibody. CONCLUSIONS ENG promotes the normal balance of VEGF signaling in quiescent endothelial cells to maintain vessel caliber-an essential function in conditions of increased VEGF expression such as local hypoxia or inflammation. In the absence of endothelial ENG, increased sensitivity to VEGF drives abnormal endothelial proliferation in local regions of high VEGF expression, leading to AVM formation and a rapid injurious impact on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tual-Chalot
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachael E Redgrave
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Esha Singh
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Davison
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Park
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Lin
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Saimir Luli
- Preclinical In Vivo Imaging Facility (S.L.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Jin
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (M.G.-C., Y.J., Y.W., L.J.)
| | - Yixin Wang
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (M.G.-C., Y.J., Y.W., L.J.)
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (A.L.)
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (M.G.-C., Y.J., Y.W., L.J.)
| | - Helen M Arthur
- From the Biosciences Institute (S.T.-C., R.E.R., E.S., B.D., C.P., H.L., H.M.A.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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19
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Stojić V, Glišić B, Djukić L, Prokić B, Janović A, Stamenković Z, Milutinović-Smiljanić S, Danilović V, Brković B, Roganović J. Mandibular lateral deviation induces alteration in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and oxidative stress/nitric oxide generation in rat condyle, synovial membrane and masseter muscle. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104599. [PMID: 31734543 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate alteration in cellular signaling mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and parameters of oxidative stress/nitric oxide generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), underlying altered functional mechanical loading of TMJ (temporomandibular joint) during lateral mandibular deviation. DESIGN Thirty-eight 5-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into experimental group, which received acrylic resin appliance that shifted mandible to the left during closure, and control group. Computed tomography and histomorphometry were used for condyle analyses, while samples of condyle, synovial membrane and m. masseter were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometry to determine VEGF and nNOS protein concentrations, and SOD activity. RESULTS Experimental group of rats developed smaller and asymmetrical mandibles. Less of new bone and cartilage formation and larger bone marrow cavities area were found in the experimental group. Higher VEGF expression in condyle and m. masseter as well as higher nNOS expression in m. masseter and synovial membrane were found in the experimental compared to the control group. Alteration of SOD activity was found in m. masseter and synovial membrane in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Lateral mandibular deviation induces mandibular and condylar morphological changes as well as significant cellular signaling alterations in condyle, synovial membrane and masticatory muscle. Cellular VEGF protein overexpression and oxidative stress/nitric oxide disbalance could be the mechanisms underlying unbalanced functional TMJ loading due to mandibular deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Stojić
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glišić
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Djukić
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogomir Prokić
- Department for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophtalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Janović
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Stamenković
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vesna Danilović
- Department of Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Brković
- Department of Oral surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Roganović
- Department of Pharmacology in Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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20
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Xu S, Guo R, Li PZ, Li K, Yan Y, Chen J, Wang G, Brand-Saberi B, Yang X, Cheng X. Dexamethasone interferes with osteoblasts formation during osteogenesis through altering IGF-1-mediated angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15167-15181. [PMID: 30671960 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) with long-lasting treatment effects, has been proved to exert a modulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during embryonic osteogenesis. However, it is still controversial if Dex exposure influences endochondral ossification and the underlying mechanism. In this study, chick embryos in vivo and preosteoblast cell cultures in vitro were utilized to investigate the effects of Dex on osteoblast formation and differentiation during the skeletal development. We first demonstrated that Dex exposure could shorten the long bones of 17-day chick embryos in vivo, and also downregulated the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes. Next, we established that Dex exposure inhibited the proliferation and viability of preosteoblasts-MC3TC-E1 cells, and the addition of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) could dramatically rescue these negative effects. On the basis of remarkable changes in the rescue experiments, we next verified the important role of angiogenesis in osteogenesis by culturing isolated embryonic phalanges in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture or on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Then, we transplanted MC3T3-E1 cell masses onto the CAM. The data showed that Dex exposure reduced the vessel density within the developed cell mass, concomitantly with the downregulation of IGF-1 pathway. We verified that the inhibition of blood vessel formation caused by Dex could be rescued by IGF-1 treatment using the CAM angiogenesis model. Eventually, we demonstrated that the shortened length of the phalanges in the presence of Dex could be reversed by IGF-1 addition. In summary, these findings suggested that the inhibition of Igf-1 signal caused by Dex exposure exerts a detrimental impact on the formation of osteoblasts and angiogenesis, which consequently shortens long bones during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Hu C, Ashok D, Nisbet DR, Gautam V. Bioinspired surface modification of orthopedic implants for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119366. [PMID: 31374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern research and development of orthopedic implants have gradually shifted from traditional mechanical support to a bioactive graft in order to endow them with better osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Inspired by structural and mechanical properties of natural bone, this review provides a panorama of current biological surface modifications for facilitating the interaction between medical implants and bone tissue and gives a future outlook for fabricating the next-generation multifunctional and smart implants by systematically biomimicking the physiological processes involved in formation and functioning of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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22
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Ma Z, Jin X, Qian Z, Li F, Xu M, Zhang Y, Kang X, Li H, Gao X, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wu S, Sun H. Deletion of clock gene Bmal1 impaired the chondrocyte function due to disruption of the HIF1α-VEGF signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1473-1489. [PMID: 31107137 PMCID: PMC6592248 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1620572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the core circadian rhythm gene Bmal1 could regulate the clock control genes (CCGs) expression and maintain the integrity in cartilage tissue. In addition, its abnormal expression is connected with the occurrence and development of several diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). However, the relationship between Bmal1 and cartilage development still needs to be fully elucidated. Here, we bred tamoxifen-induced cartilage-specific knockout mice to learn the effects of Bmal1 on the cartilage development and its underlying mechanisms at specific time points. We observed that Bmal1 ablated mice showed growth retardation during puberty, and the length of whole growth plate and the proliferation zone were both shorter than those in the control group. Deletion of Bmal1 significantly inhibited the chondrocytes proliferation and activated cells apoptosis in the growth plate. Meanwhile, knockout of Bmal1 attenuated the expression of VEGF and HIF1α and enhanced the level of MMP13 and Runx2 in the growth plate chondrocytes. Consistent with these findings in vivo, ablation of Bmal1 could also lead to decrease chondrocytes proliferation, the expression of HIF1α and VEGF and elevate apoptosis in cultured chondrocytes. These findings suggest that Bmal1 plays a pivotal role in cartilage development by regulating the HIF1α-VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuanmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Song Z, Chen R, Tan S, Huang C, Liu Y, Cheng B, Fu Q. Lysophosphatidic acid enhanced the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of osteoblasts via LPA1/3 receptor. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:85-94. [PMID: 29447019 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid is a serum-derived growth factor that is involved in wound healing. Although in its infancy, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid exerts a potentially significant role in regulating bone cell biology. However, previous studies mainly focused on the osteoinductive potential of lysophosphatidic acid, its effects on bone tissue vascularization, another essential element during bone regeneration, remains ill-defined so far. Here in this study, we examined the effects of lysophosphatidic acid on osteogenic differentiation as well as the angiogenesis-inducing capacity of pre-osteoblasts, a cell population that coordinates osteogenic and angiogenic processes in bone regenerating niche. Our results showed that treatment of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells with lysophosphatidic acid enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, demonstrating in vitro osteoblastic differentiation. Of particular importance was the finding that vascular endothelial growth factor secretion also increased after lysophosphatidic acid treatment. Lysophosphatidic acid conditioned media of MC3T3-E1 cells was capable of promoting angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells, as evidenced by stimulating proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Besides, inhibition of LPA1/3 receptor abolished lysophosphatidic acid-induced elevation of the osteogenic and angiogenic capability of pre-osteoblasts. Our research demonstrated the important role of lysophosphatidic acid in coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis during bone remodeling through orchestrating pre-osteoblast behavior, and implications therein for novel and effective treatment strategies for bone regeneration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Zijun Song
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- b Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute , Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China.,c The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University & Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Chunhuang Huang
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- d The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- a Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology , Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology , Guangzhou , Guangdong , P.R. China
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24
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Kim I, Lee SS, Kim SHL, Bae S, Lee H, Hwang NS. Osteogenic Effects of VEGF-Overexpressed Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Whitlockite Reinforced Cryogel for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800460. [PMID: 30821921 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a vascularized tissue that is comprised of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate crystals such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and whitlockite (WH). HAp and WH are known to elicit bone regeneration by stimulating osteoblast activities and osteogenic commitment of stem cells. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is shown to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis which is considered as an essential process in bone repair by providing nutrients. In this study, VEGF-secreting human adipose-derived stem cells (VEGF-ADSCs) are developed by transducing ADSCs with VEGF-encoded lentivirus. Additionally, WH-reinforced gelatin/heparin cryogels (WH-C) are fabricated by loading WH into gelatin/heparin cryogels. VEGF-ADSC secrete tenfold more VEGF than ADSC and show increased VEGF secretion with cell growth. Also, incorporation of WH into cryogels provides a mineralized environment with ions secreted from WH. When the VEGF-ADSCs are seeded on WH-C, sustained release of VEGF is observed due to the specific affinity of VEGF to heparin. Finally, the synergistic effect of VEGF-ADSC and WH on osteogenesis is successfully confirmed by alkaline phosphatase and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In vivo bone formation is demonstrated via implantation of VEGF-ADSC seeded WH-C into mouse calvarial bone defect model, resulted in enhanced bone development with the highest bone volume/total volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun S Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax Institute of Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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25
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Martínez-Guardado I, Ramos-Campo DJ, Olcina GJ, Rubio-Arias JA, Chung LH, Marín-Cascales E, Alcaraz PE, Timón R. Effects of high-intensity resistance circuit-based training in hypoxia on body composition and strength performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:941-951. [PMID: 30638154 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1564796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic training methods are increasingly being used by researchers in an attempt to improve performance in normoxic ambients. Moreover, previous research suggests that resistance training in hypoxia can cause physiological and muscle adaptations. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance circuit-based (HRC) training in hypoxia on body composition and strength performance. The secondary aim was to examine the effects of HRC on metabolic parameters. Twenty-eight male participants were randomly assigned to either hypoxia (Fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] = 15%; HRChyp: n = 15; age: 24.6 ± 6.8 years; height: 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; weight: 74.9 ± 11.5 kg) or normoxia [FIO2] = 20.9%; HRCnorm: n = 13; age: 23.2 ± 5.2 years; height: 173.4 ± 6.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 7.4 kg) groups. Training sessions consisted of two blocks of three exercises (Block 1: bench press, leg extension and front pull down; Block 2: deadlift, elbow flexion and ankle extension). Each exercise was performed at six repetition maximum. Rest periods lasted for 35-s between exercises, 3-min between sets and 5-min between blocks. Participants exercised twice weekly for 8 weeks, and body composition, strength and blood tests were performed before and after the training program. Lean body mass and bone mineral density significantly increased over time in the HRChyp (p < .005; ES = 0.14 and p < .014; ES = 0.19, respectively) but not in the HRCnorm after training. Both groups improved their strength performance over time (p < .001), but without group effect differences. These results indicate that simulated hypoxia during HRC exercise produced trivial effects on lean body mass and bone mineral density compared to normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domingo J Ramos-Campo
- b Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty , Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Jacobo A Rubio-Arias
- b Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty , Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport , Murcia , Spain
| | - Linda H Chung
- b Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty , Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- b Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty , Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.,c UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport , Murcia , Spain
| | - Rafael Timón
- a Sport Science Faculty , University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
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26
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Fuente R, Gil-Peña H, Claramunt-Taberner D, Hernández-Frías O, Fernández-Iglesias Á, Hermida-Prado F, Anes-González G, Rubio-Aliaga I, Lopez JM, Santos F. Marked alterations in the structure, dynamics and maturation of growth plate likely explain growth retardation and bone deformities of young Hyp mice. Bone 2018; 116:187-195. [PMID: 30096468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying growth impairment and bone deformities in X-linked hypophosphatemia are not fully understood. We here describe marked alterations in the structure, dynamics and maturation of growth plate in growth-retarded young Hyp mice, in comparison with wild type mice. Hyp mice exhibited reduced proliferation and apoptosis rates of chondrocytes as well as severe disturbance in the process of chondrocyte hypertrophy disclosed by abnormal expression of proteins likely involved in cell enlargement, irregular chondro-osseous junction and disordered bone trabecular pattern and vascular invasion in the primary spongiosa. (Hyp mice had elevated circulating FGF23 levels and over activation of ERK in the growth plate.) All these findings provide a basis to explain growth impairment and metaphyseal deformities in XLH. Hyp mice were compared with wild type mice serum parameters, nutritional status and growth impairment by evaluation of growth cartilage and bone structures. Hyp mice presented hyphosphatemia with high FGF23 levels. Weight gain and longitudinal growth resulted reduced in them with numerous skeletal abnormalities at cortical bone. It was also observed aberrant trabecular organization at primary spongiosa and atypical growth plate organization with abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes and diminished apoptosis and vascular invasion processes. The present results show for the first time the abnormalities present in the growth plate of young Hyp mice and suggest that both cartilage and bone alterations may be involved in the growth impairment and the long bone deformities of XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fuente
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena Gil-Peña
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Débora Claramunt-Taberner
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Olaya Hernández-Frías
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ángela Fernández-Iglesias
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngologist, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Anes-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- University of Zurich, Institute of Physiology, Kidney and Acid-base Physiology Group, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose Manuel Lopez
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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27
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Guo J, Ito S, Nguyen HT, Yamamoto K, Iwata H. Effects on the hepatic transcriptome of chicken embryos in ovo exposed to phenobarbital. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:94-103. [PMID: 29793206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at evaluating the toxic effects of in ovo exposure to phenobarbital (PB) and unveiling the mode of action by transcriptome analysis in the embryonic liver of a model avian species, chicken (Gallus gallus). Embryos were initially treated with saline or 1 μg PB /g egg at Hamburger Hamilton Stage (HHS) 1 (1st day), followed by 20 days of incubation to HHS 46. At 21st day, chicks that pipped successfully were euthanized and dissected for assessing the PB caused effects on phenotypes and the liver transcriptome in both genders. In the PB treatment group, a 7% attenuation in tarsus length was found in females. While no adverse phenotypic effect on the liver somatic index (LSI) was observed, PB caused significant changes in the expressions of 52 genes in males and 516 genes in females (False Discovery Rate < 0.2, p value < 0.05, and absolute fold change > 2). PB exposure modulated the genes primarily enriched in the biological pathways of the cancer, cardiac development, immune response, lipid metabolism, and skeletal development in both genders, and altered expressions of genes related to the cellular process and neural development in females. However, mRNA expressions of chicken xenobiotic receptor (CXR)-mediated CYP genes were not induced in the PB treatment groups, regardless of males and females. On the contrary, PB exposure repressed the mRNA expressions of CYP2AC2 in males and CYP2R1, CYP3A37, and CYP8B1 in females. Although transcription factors (TFs) including SREBF1 and COUP-TFII were predicted to be commonly activated in both genders, some TFs were activated in a gender-dependent manner, such as PPARa in males and BRCA1 and IRF9 in females. Taken together, our results provided an insight into the mode of action of PB on the chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime prefecture, 790-8577 Japan
| | - Shohei Ito
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime prefecture, 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime prefecture, 790-8577 Japan
| | - Kimika Yamamoto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime prefecture, 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime prefecture, 790-8577 Japan.
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28
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Cheng X, Li PZ, Wang G, Yan Y, Li K, Brand-Saberi B, Yang X. Microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide retards chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plate through elevating Sox9 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2593-2605. [PMID: 30264889 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data show that the cytotoxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from microbiota or infection is associated with many disorders observed in the clinics. However, it is still obscure whether or not embryonic osteogenesis is affected by the LPS exposure during gestation. Using the early chicken embryo model, we could demonstrate that LPS exposure inhibits chondrogenesis of the 8-day chicken embryos by Alcian Blue-staining and osteogenesis of 17-day by Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red staining. Further analysis of the growth plates showed that the length of the proliferating zone (PZ) increases whereas that of the hypertrophic zone (HZ) decreased following LPS exposure. However there is no significant change on cell proliferation in the growth plates. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot analysis, and quantitive polymerase chain reaction revealed that Sox9 and Col2a1 are highly expressed at the messenger RNA level and their protein products are also abundant. LPS exposure causes a downregulation of Runx2 and Col10a1 expression in 8-day hindlimbs, and a suppression of Runx2, Col10a1, and Vegfa expression in 17-day phalanges. Knocking down Sox9 in ATDC5 cells by small interfering RNA transfection lead to the expression reduction of Col2a1, Runx2, and Col10a1, implying the vital role of Sox9 in the process of LPS-induced delay in the transition from proliferating chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. In the presence of LPS, the antioxidant defense regulator nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is highly expressed, and the activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, and glutaredoxin rise in 17-day phalanges and ADTC5 cells. Simultaneously, an increase of intracellular ROS is observed. When Nrf2 expression was knocked down in ATDC5 cells, the expressions of Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2, Col10a1, and Vegfa were also going down as well. Taken together, our current data suggest that LPS exposure during gestation could restrict the chondrocytes conversion from proliferating to hypertrophic in the growth plate, in which LPS-induced Sox9 plays a crucial role to trigger the cascade of downstream genes by excessive ROS production and Nrf2 elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic, Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Inflammatory-Driven Angiogenesis in Bone Augmentation with Bovine Hydroxyapatite, B-Tricalcium Phosphate, and Bioglasses: A Comparative Study. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9349207. [PMID: 30298138 PMCID: PMC6157209 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9349207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical use of bioactive materials for bone augmentation has remained a challenge because of predictability and effectiveness concerns, as well as increased costs. The purpose of this study was to analyse the ability to integrate bone substitutes by evaluating the immunohistochemical expression of the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen IV, laminin, and osteonectin, in the vicinity of bone grafts, enabling tissue revascularization and appearance of bone lamellae. There is a lack of in vivo studies of inflammatory-driven angiogenesis in bone engineering using various grafts. Methods The study was performed in animal experimental model on the standardized monocortical defects in the tibia of 20 New Zealand rabbits. The defects were augmented with three types of bone substituents. The used bone substituents were beta-tricalcium phosphate, bovine hydroxyapatite, and bioactive glasses. After a period of 6 months, bone fragments were harvested for histopathologic examination. Endothelial cell analysis was done by analysing vascularization with PECAM/CD31 and VEGF and fibrosis with collagen IV, laminin, and osteonectin stains. Statistical analysis was realized by descriptive analysis which was completed with the kurtosis and skewness as well as the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Results The discoveries show that the amount of bone that is formed around beta-tricalcium phosphate and bovine hydroxyapatite is clearly superior to the bioactive glasses. Both the lumen diameter and the number of vessels were slightly increased in favor of beta-tricalcium phosphate. Conclusion We can conclude that bone substitutes as bovine bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate have significant increased angiogenesis (and subsequent improved osteogenesis) compared to the bioactive glass. In our study, significant angiogenesis is linked with a greater tissue formation, indicating that in bone engineering with the allografts we used, inflammation has more benefic effects, the catabolic action being exceeded by the tissue formation.
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30
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Integration of Gene Expression Profile Data to Screen and Verify Hub Genes Involved in Osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9482726. [PMID: 30186872 PMCID: PMC6112076 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9482726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, but the pathogenic genes and pathways are largely unclear. The aim of this study was to screen and verify hub genes involved in OA and explore potential molecular mechanisms. The expression profiles of GSE12021 and GSE55235 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contained 39 samples, including 20 osteoarthritis synovial membranes and 19 matched normal synovial membranes. The raw data were integrated to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and were deeply analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment of DEGs were performed by DAVID and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) online analyses, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed based on data from the STRING database. The top 10 hub genes VEGFA, IL6, JUN, IL1β, MYC, IL4, PTGS2, ATF3, EGR1, and DUSP1 were identified from the PPI network. Module analysis revealed that OA was associated with significant pathways including TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and osteoclast differentiation. The qRT-PCR result showed that the expression level of IL6, VEGFA, JUN, IL-1β, and ATF3 was significantly increased in OA samples (p < 0.05), and these candidate genes could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of OA.
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31
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Manzano-Moreno FJ, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Illescas-Montes R, García-Martínez O, Ruiz C, Ramos-Torrecillas J. Inhibition of VEGF gene expression in osteoblast cells by different NSAIDs. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:75-78. [PMID: 29763781 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in two osteoblast cell populations. DESIGN Osteoblasts obtained by primary culture (HOp) and human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 (MG-63), which were treated with 10 μM doses of acetaminophen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac, naproxen or piroxicam. At 24 h of treatment, their gene expression of VEGF was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared with the expression in untreated cells (control group). RESULTS The treatment with the different NSAIDs significantly reduced VEGF expression regardless of the cell line and NSAID studied. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that these drugs may have undesirable effects on the osteoblast and its bone-forming capacity, given the effect of this growth factor on these cells. Further studies are warranted to determine their repercussions on bone tissue and to elucidate the cell signaling mechanism/s involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277). Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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32
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Xu J, Qiu X, Liang Z, Smiley-Jewell S, Lu F, Yu M, Pinkerton KE, Zhao D, Shi B. Exposure to tobacco smoke increases bone loss in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:229-238. [PMID: 30257116 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1506838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define if exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) could induce reduction of bone mass and impairment of bone architecture, features observed in osteoporosis in normotensive rats and the influence of TS exposure on the osteoporotic features exhibited in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. METHODS Normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and SH rats were exposed to filtered air or TS for 8 weeks, then their proximal femurs were extracted for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment, histological and immune-histological examinations to quantify the adverse influence of TS exposure on the bone mass and density, as well as bone architecture. RESULTS We found that TS exposure not only induced significant decreases in bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV), cortical and trabecular thickness (Ct.Th and Tb.Th), trabecular surface area (Tb.Ar), expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the trabecular marrow, delayed ossification of cartilage, as well as statistical increases in trabecular separation (Tb.SP) and the number of trabecular marrow adipocytes in both WKY and SH rats, but also exacerbated multiple features of osteoporosis exhibited in SH rats, including decreased BMD, Ct.Th, Tb.Ar, HIF-1α expression, delayed cartilage ossification, and increased Tb.SP. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that TS exposure can reduce bone mass and impair bone architecture and exacerbate multiple features of osteoporosis exhibited in SH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xing Qiu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhou Liang
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | | | - Faqiang Lu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Mang Yu
- d Center for Clinical Sciences Research , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- c Center for Health and the Environment , University of California , Davis CA , USA
| | - Dewei Zhao
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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Awaja F, Speranza G, Kaltenegger H, Coraça-Huber D, Lohberger B. Surface modification and characterization of GO/polymer thin coatings as excellent bio-active platforms for tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Marcucio RS, Qin L, Alsberg E, Boerckel JD. Reverse engineering development: Crosstalk opportunities between developmental biology and tissue engineering. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2356-2368. [PMID: 28660712 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fields of developmental biology and tissue engineering have been revolutionized in recent years by technological advancements, expanded understanding, and biomaterials design, leading to the emerging paradigm of "developmental" or "biomimetic" tissue engineering. While developmental biology and tissue engineering have long overlapping histories, the fields have largely diverged in recent years at the same time that crosstalk opportunities for mutual benefit are more salient than ever. In this perspective article, we will use musculoskeletal development and tissue engineering as a platform on which to discuss these emerging crosstalk opportunities and will present our opinions on the bright future of these overlapping spheres of influence. The multicellular programs that control musculoskeletal development are rapidly becoming clarified, represented by shifting paradigms in our understanding of cellular function, identity, and lineage specification during development. Simultaneously, advancements in bioartificial matrices that replicate the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of developing tissues present new tools and approaches for recapitulating development in tissue engineering. Here, we introduce concepts and experimental approaches in musculoskeletal developmental biology and biomaterials design and discuss applications in tissue engineering as well as opportunities for tissue engineering approaches to inform our understanding of fundamental biology. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2356-2368, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph S Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia 19104-6081, Pennsylvania
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia 19104-6081, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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35
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Nagao M, Hamilton JL, Kc R, Berendsen AD, Duan X, Cheong CW, Li X, Im HJ, Olsen BR. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cartilage Development and Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13027. [PMID: 29026147 PMCID: PMC5638804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide studies indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is associated with osteoarthritis (OA), and increased VEGF expression correlates with increased disease severity. VEGF is also a chondrocyte survival factor during development and essential for bone formation, skeletal growth and postnatal homeostasis. This raises questions of how the important embryonic and postnatal functions of VEGF can be reconciled with an apparently destructive role in OA. Addressing these questions, we find that VEGF acts as a survival factor in growth plate chondrocytes during development but only up until a few weeks after birth in mice. It is also required for postnatal differentiation of articular chondrocytes and the timely ossification of bones in joint regions. In surgically induced knee OA in mice, a model of post-traumatic OA in humans, increased expression of VEGF is associated with catabolic processes in chondrocytes and synovial cells. Conditional knock-down of Vegf attenuates induced OA. Intra-articular anti-VEGF antibodies suppress OA progression, reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR2 in articular chondrocytes and synovial cells and reduce levels of phosphorylated VEGFR1 in dorsal root ganglia. Finally, oral administration of the VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor Vandetanib attenuates OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nagao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine 2-1-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Agnes D Berendsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuchen Duan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chan Wook Cheong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W, Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, 820S, Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Okamoto K, Nakashima T, Shinohara M, Negishi-Koga T, Komatsu N, Terashima A, Sawa S, Nitta T, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal Systems. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1295-1349. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Osteoimmunology was created as a new interdisciplinary field in large part to highlight the shared molecules and reciprocal interactions between the two systems in both heath and disease. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays an essential role not only in the development of immune organs and bones, but also in autoimmune diseases affecting bone, thus effectively comprising the molecule that links the two systems. Here we review the function, gene regulation, and signal transduction of osteoimmune molecules, including RANKL, in the context of osteoclastogenesis as well as multiple other regulatory functions. Osteoimmunology has become indispensable for understanding the pathogenesis of a number of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review the various osteoimmune pathologies, including the bone destruction in RA, in which pathogenic helper T cell subsets [such as IL-17-expressing helper T (Th17) cells] induce bone erosion through aberrant RANKL expression. We also focus on cellular interactions and the identification of the communication factors in the bone marrow, discussing the contribution of bone cells to the maintenance and regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells. Thus the time has come for a basic reappraisal of the framework for understanding both the immune and bone systems. The concept of a unified osteoimmune system will be absolutely indispensable for basic and translational approaches to diseases related to bone and/or the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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Structure and Functions of Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5046953. [PMID: 29104595 PMCID: PMC5623774 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5046953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone provides nurturing microenvironments for an array of cell types that coordinate important physiological functions of the skeleton, such as energy metabolism, mineral homeostasis, osteogenesis, and haematopoiesis. Endothelial cells form an intricate network of blood vessels that organises and sustains various microenvironments in bone. The recent identification of heterogeneity in the bone vasculature supports the existence of multiple vascular niches within the bone marrow compartment. A unique combination of cells and factors defining a particular microenvironment, supply regulatory signals to mediate a specific function. This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of vascular niches in bone that play a critical role in regulating the behaviour of multipotent haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells during development and homeostasis.
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Bragdon B, Lam S, Aly S, Femia A, Clark A, Hussein A, Morgan EF, Gerstenfeld LC. Earliest phases of chondrogenesis are dependent upon angiogenesis during ectopic bone formation in mice. Bone 2017; 101:49-61. [PMID: 28412469 PMCID: PMC5500242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is the process where cartilage forms prior to ossification and in which new bone forms during both fracture healing and ectopic bone formation. Transitioning to ossification is a highly coordinated process between hypertrophic chondrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A critical biological process that is central to the interactions of these various cell types is angiogenesis. Although it is well established that angiogenesis is crucial for fracture repair, less is known pertaining to the role of angiogenesis in ectopic bone formation. Furthermore, fracture repair models are complicated by extensive trauma, subsequent inflammatory responses and concurrent repair processes in multiple tissues. In order to more definitively characterize the relationship between angiogenesis and postnatal endochondral ossification, a model of ectopic bone formation was used. Human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was implanted in immune-deficient mice (rag null (B6.129S7-Rag1tm1/MOM/J)) to induce ectopic bone. Inhibition of angiogenesis with either a small molecule (TNP-470) or a targeted biological (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor type 2 [VEGFR2] blocking antibody) prevented ectopic bone formation by 83% and 77%, respectively. Most striking was that the progression of chondrogenesis was halted during very early phases of chondrocyte differentiation between condensation and prehypertrophy (TNP-470) or the proliferative phase (VEGFR2 blockade) prior to hypertrophy, while osteoclast recruitment and resorption were almost completely inhibited. Our results demonstrate angiogenesis plays a developmental role in endochondral bone formation at a much earlier phase of chondrogenesis than suggested by prior findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Bragdon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Stephanie Lam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sherif Aly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexandra Femia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Abigail Clark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amira Hussein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Ribeiro L, Silva J, Ocarino N, Melo E, Serakides R. Excesso de tiroxina materna associado ao hipertireoidismo pós-natal reduz o crescimento ósseo e o perfil proliferativo e angiogênico das cartilagens de crescimento de ratos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Foram estudados os efeitos do excesso da tiroxina materna associado ao hipertireoidismo pós-natal sobre o crescimento ósseo e o perfil proliferativo e angiogênico das cartilagens. Dezesseis ratas Wistar adultas foram distribuídas nos grupos tratados com L-tiroxina e controle. A prole do grupo tratado recebeu L-tiroxina do desmame até 40 dias de idade. Ao desmame, foi realizada dosagem plasmática de T4 livre nas mães. Na prole, foram realizados: dosagem plasmática de T3 total e T4 livre, morfometria das tireoides, mensuração do comprimento e largura do fêmur. Nas cartilagens, foi avaliada a expressão imuno-histoquímica e gênica de CDC-47, VEGF, Flk-1, Ang1, Ang2 e Tie2. As médias entre grupos foram comparadas pelo teste T de Student. As concentrações de T4 livre das mães tratadas e de T3 total e T4 livre da prole foram significativamente mais elevadas. A largura do fêmur foi menor nos animais tratados. Houve também redução da imunoexpressão de CDC-47 e de VEGF e dos transcritos gênicos para VEGF e Ang1 nas cartilagens. Conclui-se que o excesso de tiroxina materna associado ao hipertireoidismo pós-natal reduz a largura da diáfise femoral, a proliferação celular e a expressão de VEGF e de Ang1 nas cartilagens de crescimento de ratos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - E.G. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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40
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Hu K, Olsen BR. Vascular endothelial growth factor control mechanisms in skeletal growth and repair. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:227-234. [PMID: 27750398 PMCID: PMC5354946 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is a critical regulator of vascular development and postnatal angiogenesis and homeostasis, and it is essential for bone development and repair. Blood vessels serve both as structural templates for bone formation and they provide essential cells, growth factors and minerals needed for synthesis and mineralization, as well as turnover, of the extracellular matrix in bone. Through its regulation of angiogenesis, VEGF contributes to coupling of osteogenesis to angiogenesis, and it directly controls the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this review, we summarize the properties of VEGF and its receptors that are relevant to bone formation and repair; the roles of VEGF during development of endochondral and membranous bones; and the contributions of VEGF to bone healing during different phases of bone repair. Finally, we discuss contributions of altered VEGF function in inherited disorders with bone defects as part of their phenotypes, and we speculate on what will be required before therapeutic strategies based on VEGF modulation can be developed for clinical use to treat patients with bone growth disorders and/or compromised bone repair. Developmental Dynamics 246:227-234, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Lampl M, Schoen M. How long bones grow children: Mechanistic paths to variation in human height growth. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lampl
- Center for the Study of Human Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
- Department of Anthropology; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
| | - Meriah Schoen
- Center for the Study of Human Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
- Department of Nutrition; Georgia State University; Atlanta Georgia 30302
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42
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Kuroyanagi G, Tokuda H, Yamamoto N, Kainuma S, Fujita K, Ohguchi R, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Attenuation of prostaglandin E1-induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in osteoblasts by normoxic HIF inducers. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1847-1852. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fradet A, Bouchet M, Delliaux C, Gervais M, Kan C, Benetollo C, Pantano F, Vargas G, Bouazza L, Croset M, Bala Y, Leroy X, Rosol TJ, Rieusset J, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Aubin JE, Clézardin P, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Bonnelye E. Estrogen related receptor alpha in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells promotes tumor progression in bone. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77071-77086. [PMID: 27776343 PMCID: PMC5363569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are one of the main complications of prostate cancer and they are incurable. We investigated whether and how estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is involved in bone tumor progression associated with advanced prostate cancer. By meta-analysis, we first found that ERRα expression is correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the hallmark of progressive disease. We then analyzed tumor cell progression and the associated signaling pathways in gain-of-function/loss-of-function CRPC models in vivo and in vitro. Increased levels of ERRα in tumor cells led to rapid tumor progression, with both bone destruction and formation, and direct impacts on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. VEGF-A, WNT5A and TGFβ1 were upregulated by ERRα in tumor cells and all of these factors also significantly and positively correlated withERRα expression in CRPC patient specimens. Finally, high levels of ERRα in tumor cells stimulated the pro-metastatic factor periostin expression in the stroma, suggesting that ERRα regulates the tumor stromal cell microenvironment to enhance tumor progression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ERRα is a regulator of CRPC cell progression in bone. Therefore, inhibiting ERRα may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer skeletal-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Fradet
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Bouchet
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Carine Delliaux
- CNRS-UMR8161, F-59021 Lille, France
- Université-Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Manon Gervais
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Casina Kan
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Benetollo
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
- InsermU1028-CNRS-UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | | | - Geoffrey Vargas
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lamia Bouazza
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Croset
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane E Aubin
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Edith Bonnelye
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
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Recombinant Plasmid DNA Construct Encoding Combination of vegf165 and bmp2 cDNAs Stimulates Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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45
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Hu K, Olsen BR. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone repair and regeneration. Bone 2016; 91:30-8. [PMID: 27353702 PMCID: PMC4996701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis. Since bone is a highly vascularized organ and angiogenesis plays an important role in osteogenesis, VEGF also influences skeletal development and postnatal bone repair. Compromised bone repair and regeneration in many patients can be attributed to impaired blood supply; thus, modulation of VEGF levels in bones represents a potential strategy for treating compromised bone repair and improving bone regeneration. This review (i) summarizes the roles of VEGF at different stages of bone repair, including the phases of inflammation, endochondral ossification, intramembranous ossification during callus formation and bone remodeling; (ii) discusses different mechanisms underlying the effects of VEGF on osteoblast function, including paracrine, autocrine and intracrine signaling during bone repair; (iii) summarizes the role of VEGF in the bone regenerative procedure, distraction osteogenesis; and (iv) reviews evidence for the effects of VEGF in the context of repair and regeneration techniques involving the use of scaffolds, skeletal stem cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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46
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Yan Y, Cheng X, Yang RH, Li H, Chen JL, Ma ZL, Wang G, Chuai M, Yang X. Exposure to Excess Phenobarbital Negatively Influences the Osteogenesis of Chick Embryos. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:349. [PMID: 27746734 PMCID: PMC5044464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital is an antiepileptic drug that is widely used to treat epilepsy in a clinical setting. However, a long term of phenobarbital administration in pregnant women may produce side effects on embryonic skeletogenesis. In this study, we aim to investigate the mechanism by which phenobarbital treatment induces developmental defects in long bones. We first determined that phenobarbital treatment decreased chondrogenesis and inhibited the proliferation of chondrocytes in chick embryos. Phenobarbital treatment also suppressed mineralization in both in vivo and in vitro long bone models. Next, we established that phenobarbital treatment delayed blood vessel invasion in a cartilage template, and this finding was supported by the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the hypertrophic zone following phenobarbital treatment. Phenobarbital treatment inhibited tube formation and the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, it impaired angiogenesis in chick yolk sac membrane model and chorioallantoic membrane model. In summary, phenobarbital exposure led to shortened lengths of long bones during embryogenesis, which might result from inhibiting mesenchyme differentiation, chondrocyte proliferation, and delaying mineralization by impairing vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Hao Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Long Chen
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Lai Ma
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee Dundee, UK
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou, China
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47
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Holton J, Imam M, Ward J, Snow M. The Basic Science of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Chondral Injuries. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2016; 8:6659. [PMID: 27761221 PMCID: PMC5066111 DOI: 10.4081/or.2016.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been great interest in bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) as a cost effective method in delivering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to aid in the repair and regeneration of cartilage defects. Alongside MSCs, BMAC contains a range of growth factors and cytokines to support cell growth following injury. However, there is paucity of information relating to the basic science underlying BMAC and its exact biological role in supporting the growth and regeneration of chondrocytes. The focus of this review is the basic science underlying BMAC in relation to chondral damage and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Holton
- Royal Orthopedic Hospital, The Woodlands, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Mohamed Imam
- Royal Orthopedic Hospital, The Woodlands, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jonathan Ward
- Royal Orthopedic Hospital, The Woodlands, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Martyn Snow
- Royal Orthopedic Hospital, The Woodlands, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Ben Shoham A, Rot C, Stern T, Krief S, Akiva A, Dadosh T, Sabany H, Lu Y, Kadler KE, Zelzer E. Deposition of collagen type I onto skeletal endothelium reveals a new role for blood vessels in regulating bone morphology. Development 2016; 143:3933-3943. [PMID: 27621060 PMCID: PMC5117144 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, blood vessels have been implicated in the morphogenesis of various organs. The vasculature is also known to be essential for endochondral bone development, yet the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. We show that a unique composition of blood vessels facilitates the role of the endothelium in bone mineralization and morphogenesis. Immunostaining and electron microscopy showed that the endothelium in developing bones lacks basement membrane, which normally isolates the blood vessel from its surroundings. Further analysis revealed the presence of collagen type I on the endothelial wall of these vessels. Because collagen type I is the main component of the osteoid, we hypothesized that the bone vasculature guides the formation of the collagenous template and consequently of the mature bone. Indeed, some of the bone vessels were found to undergo mineralization. Moreover, the vascular pattern at each embryonic stage prefigured the mineral distribution pattern observed one day later. Finally, perturbation of vascular patterning by overexpressing Vegf in osteoblasts resulted in abnormal bone morphology, supporting a role for blood vessels in bone morphogenesis. These data reveal the unique composition of the endothelium in developing bones and indicate that vascular patterning plays a role in determining bone shape by forming a template for deposition of bone matrix. Highlighted article: Collagen I is deposited by osteoblasts onto endothelial cells within bone and serves as a template for mineralisation, with ossification thus spatially and temporally following vascular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ben Shoham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chagai Rot
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tomer Stern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anat Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Helena Sabany
- Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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49
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Olsen BR, Berendsen AD, Besschetnova TY, Duan X, Hu K. Fell-Muir Lecture: Regulatory mechanisms of skeletal and connective tissue development and homeostasis - lessons from studies of human disorders. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:296-302. [PMID: 27581728 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of proliferative hemangiomas have led to the discovery that interactions of endothelial cells with extracellular matrix and/or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A stimulate the expression of VEGFR1, the VEGF decoy receptor, and suppress VEGF-dependent VEGFR2 signalling by a mechanism that requires the matrix-binding receptor Anthrax Toxin Receptor (ANTXR)1, VEGFR2, β1 integrin and the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT). In hemangioma endothelial cells, all these components are present, but are functionally compromised, so that the levels of VEGFR1 are extremely low and VEGFR2 signalling is constitutively active. Consequently, the levels of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α and its transcriptional targets, VEGF-A and C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CxCl12), are elevated and a positive VEGF-A feedback loop is established. Overexpression of ANTXR1, carrying a heterozygous Ala-to-Thr mutation, induces hemangioma-like signalling in control endothelial cells; VEGF signalling is normalized when wild-type ANTXR1 is overexpressed in hemangioma cells. These findings suggest that ANTXR1 functions as a negative regulator of VEGF-A signalling. Studies of a mouse model of the Growth Retardation, Alopecia, Pseudo-anodontia and Optic Atrophy (GAPO) syndrome, caused by the loss-of-function mutations in ANTXR1, as well as knock-in mice carrying the Ala-to-Thr ANTXR1 mutation, confirm that ANTXR1 functions as a suppressor of VEGF-A signalling. Cutaneous endothelial cells isolated from ANTXR1-deficient mice exhibit low levels of VEGFR1, elevated levels of VEGF-A, HIF-1α and CxCl12 and activated VEGFR2 signalling as in hemangioma. Increased numbers of myeloid cells in the skin of ANTXR1-deficient mice are associated with reduced vascularity and increased skin fibrosis, suggesting a mechanism for hemangioma involution and replacement by fibrotic scars. Through controlling VEGF-A signalling and extracellular matrix synthesis, ANTXR1 is emerging as a key regulator of skeletal and connective tissue development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Agnes D Berendsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xuchen Duan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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A case of mandible hypoplasia treated with autologous bone graft from mandibular symphysis: Expression of VEGF and receptors in bone regeneration. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:652-656. [PMID: 27432807 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system plays an important role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis during both skeletal development and postnatal bone growth and repair. Indeed, protein expression changes of this system could contribute to craniofacial defects commonly associated with a variety of congenital syndromes. Similarly to other craniofacial bones, mandible arises from neural crest cells of the neuroectodermal germ layer, and undergoes membranous ossification. Here, we report a case of left mandibular hypoplasia in a 42-year-old man treated with autologous bone graft from mandibular symphysis. After 3 months from surgical reconstruction, the protein expression of VEGF and receptors (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3) in regenerated bone tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. At variance with the mandibular symphysis bone harvested for graft surgery, we observed de novo expression of VEGF and VEGFRs in osteoblasts and osteocytes from post-graft regenerating mandible bone tissue. In particular, while VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 immunopositivity was widespread in osteoblasts, that of VEGFR-2 was scattered. Among the three receptors, VEGFR-3 was the more intensively expressed both in osteoblasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that VEGFR-2 might be produced during the early period of regeneration, while VEGFR-1 might participate in bone cell maintenance during the middle or late consolidation period. VEGFR-3 might, instead, represent a specific signal for ectomesenchymal lineage differentiation during bone regeneration. Modulation of VEGF/VEGFR signaling could contribute to graft integration and new bone formation during mandibular regeneration.
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