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de Oliveira MC, Caires HR, Oliveira MJ, Fraga A, Vasconcelos MH, Ribeiro R. Urinary Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061400. [PMID: 32485907 PMCID: PMC7352974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released by all cells and involved in intercellular communication. Importantly, EVs cargo includes nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins constantly transferred between different cell types, contributing to autocrine and paracrine signaling. In recent years, they have been shown to play vital roles, not only in normal biological functions, but also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In the multistep process of cancer progression, EVs act at different levels, from stimulation of neoplastic transformation, proliferation, promotion of angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and formation of metastatic niches in distant organs, to immune escape and therapy resistance. Moreover, as products of their parental cells, reflecting their genetic signatures and phenotypes, EVs hold great promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Importantly, their potential to overcome the current limitations or the present diagnostic procedures has created interest in bladder cancer (BCa). Indeed, cystoscopy is an invasive and costly technique, whereas cytology has poor sensitivity for early staged and low-grade disease. Several urine-based biomarkers for BCa were found to overcome these limitations. Here, we review their potential advantages and downfalls. In addition, recent literature on the potential of EVs to improve BCa management was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castanheira de Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.C.d.O.); (R.R.); Tel.: +351-222-077-502 (M.C.d.O.); +351-912-157-736 (R.R.)
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avelino Fraga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.C.d.O.); (R.R.); Tel.: +351-222-077-502 (M.C.d.O.); +351-912-157-736 (R.R.)
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Liang Q, Zhang G, Li W, Wang J, Sheng S. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22), and their combination model in bladder carcinoma detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:349-358. [PMID: 30643432 PMCID: PMC6317485 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s186065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging studies reported that combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) could increase the sensitivity and specificity of bladder carcinoma (BC) management. Nevertheless, the reports remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FISH, NMP22, and their combination model in BC. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database dated up to October 2018. Suitable studies were identified and raw data were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the global sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves for FISH, NMP22, and their combination model, separately. All the meta-analysis estimates were derived using STATA (version 12.0) and MetaDisc (version 1.4) software packages. Results Seven eligible studies were included for analysis. The global sensitivities with 95% CI for FISH, NMP22, and their combination model were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75–0.83), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71–0.81), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75–0.88); specificities were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.91), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55–0.81), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70–0.97); DORs were 22.215 (95% CI: 10.695–46.144), 7.365 (95% CI: 3.986–13.610), and 41.940 (95% CI: 13.546–129.853); and the areas under the SROC curves were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.88), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.92). Conclusion Our systematic review implied that the diagnostic performance of combination model of FISH plus NMP22 may outperform FISH or NMP22 alone in BC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qindong Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuxian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangchun Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,
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Diagnostic biomarkers in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol 2018; 37:2009-2016. [PMID: 30467596 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) relies heavily on our ability to accurately detect disease typically in the presence of hematuria as well as to detect the early recurrent tumors in patients with a history of NMIBC. Unfortunately, the current biomarker landscape for NMIBC is a work in progress. Cystoscopy continues to be the gold standard, but can still miss 10% of tumors. Therefore, physicians frequently use additional tools to aid in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, such as urinary cytology. The urinary cytology is a good option for high-grade disease; however, it is limited by low sensitivity in detecting low-grade disease, as well as variable interpretation among cytopathologists. Thus, the limitations of cystoscopy and urinary cytology have brought to light the need for more robust diagnostic assays. In this non-systematic review, we discuss the performance, potential advantages or disadvantages of these tests, and the future direction of biomarkers in NMIBC.
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Duquesne I, Weisbach L, Aziz A, Kluth LA, Xylinas E. The contemporary role and impact of urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1031-1042. [PMID: 29354490 PMCID: PMC5760376 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.11.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the surgical and medical treatment of bladder cancer, there have only been minor improvements in mortality and morbidity rates over the past decades. Urine-based markers help to improve diagnosing bladder cancer with the aim of complementing or probably in future replacing cystoscopy. Biomarkers may allow individualized risk stratification and support decision-making regarding therapy and follow-up. This review summarizes the existing urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature. We conducted a PubMed/Medline based research on English language articles and selected original articles and review articles that provided both description and assessment of urinary markers at time of screening, initial diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic evaluation of urothelial bladder cancer. Our research covered studies published between 2000 and 2017. The aim of this study was to give clinicians keys to understand the existing or promising urinary markers that may become alternatives to cytology/cystoscopy pair in the near future. Many urinary markers are now available, often with superior sensitivity to cytology. Their uses have been evaluated in numerous clinical situations in addition to the time of initial diagnosis and surveillance such as cases of isolated macroscopic hematuria or atypical cytology discordant with the rest of the explorations. However, their superiority over the cytology/cystoscopy association is not demonstrated. These new markers are lacking for the most part of standardization and simplicity making their use in common practice difficult. the types and forms of these new markers are very heterogeneous among themselves and between the studies that evaluate them. Well-designed protocols and prospective, controlled trials are needed to provide the basis to determine whether integration of urine- and blood-based biomarkers into clinical decision-making will be of value for bladder cancer detection and screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Duquesne
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Lars Weisbach
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atiqullah Aziz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple unmet needs in the realm of diagnosis, clinical staging, monitoring and therapy. There is an urgent need to develop precision medicine for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Given the difficulty of serial analyses of metastatic tumor tissue to identify resistance and new therapeutic targets, development of non-invasive monitoring using circulating molecular biomarkers is critically important. Although the development of circulating biomarkers for the management of bladder cancer is in its infancy and may currently suffer from lower sensitivity of detection, they have inherent advantages owing to non-invasiveness. Additionally, circulating molecular alterations may capture tumor heterogeneity without the sampling bias of tissue biopsy. This review describes the accumulating data to support further development of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor cells, cell-free circulating tumor (ct)-DNA, RNA, micro-RNA and proteomics to improve the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayanan Nandagopal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Birmingham, AL, USA
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Chun Y, Park B, Koh W, Lee S, Cheon Y, Kim R, Che L, Lee S. New centromeric component CENP-W is an RNA-associated nuclear matrix protein that interacts with nucleophosmin/B23 protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42758-42769. [PMID: 22002061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.228411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CENP-W was originally identified as a putative oncogene, cancer-upregulated gene 2 (CUG2) that was commonly up-regulated in many cancer tissues. Recently, CENP-W has also been identified as a new centromeric component that interacts with CENP-T. As a complex with CENP-T, CENP-W plays crucial roles in assembly of the functional kinetochore complex. In this study, the subnuclear localization of CENP-W was extensively analyzed using various approaches. We found that ectopically expressed CENP-W primarily accumulated in the nucleolus and remained substantially associated with the nucleolus in stable cells. The following fractionation study also showed that CENP-W is associated with RNA as well as DNA. Moreover, a considerable amount of CENP-W was found in the nuclear mesh-like structure, nuclear matrix, possibly indicating that CENP-W participates in diverse subnuclear activities. Finally, biochemical affinity binding analysis revealed that CENP-W specifically interacts with the nucleolar phosphoprotein, nucleophosmin (B23). Depletion of cellular B23 by siRNA treatment induced a dramatic decrease of CENP-W stability and severe mislocalization during prophase. Our data proposed that B23 may function in the assembly of the kinetochore complex by interacting with CENP-W during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Chun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungwoo Park
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wansoo Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmi Cheon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Raehyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Che
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, 305-764, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kallappagoudar S, Varma P, Pathak RU, Senthilkumar R, Mishra RK. Nuclear matrix proteome analysis of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2005-18. [PMID: 20530634 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus is a highly structured organelle and contains many functional compartments. Although the structural basis for this complex spatial organization of compartments is unknown, a major component of this organization is likely to be the non-chromatin scaffolding called nuclear matrix (NuMat). Experimental evidence over the past decades indicates that most of the nuclear functions are at least transiently associated with the NuMat, although the components of NuMat itself are poorly known. Here, we report NuMat proteome analysis from Drosophila melanogaster embryos and discuss its links with nuclear architecture and functions. In the NuMat proteome, we found structural proteins, chaperones, DNA/RNA-binding proteins, chromatin remodeling and transcription factors. This complexity of NuMat proteome is an indicator of its structural and functional significance. Comparison of the two-dimensional profile of NuMat proteome from different developmental stages of Drosophila embryos showed that less than half of the NuMat proteome is constant, and the rest of the proteins are stage-specific dynamic components. These NuMat dynamics suggest a possible functional link between NuMat and embryonic development. Finally, we also showed that a subset of NuMat proteins remains associated with the mitotic chromosomes, implicating their role in mitosis and possibly the epigenetic cellular memory. NuMat proteome analysis provides tools and opens up ways to understand nuclear organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kallappagoudar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
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Seng S, Avraham HK, Jiang S, Yang S, Sekine M, Kimelman N, Li H, Avraham S. The Nuclear Matrix Protein, NRP/B, Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Responses in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8596-604. [PMID: 17875699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocates into the nucleus and activates phase II genes encoding detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins, resulting in the protection of cells from oxidative insults. However, the involvement of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses in breast cancer cells is largely unknown. Notably, during our study of the Nrf2 pathway in breast cancer cells, we observed that the nuclear matrix protein NRP/B was expressed and colocalized with Nrf2 in these cells, suggesting that NRP/B is involved in Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress responses. The expression level of NRP/B was variable in different breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues, and was found to be localized in the nucleus. NRP/B expression was increased after exposure to the oxidative stress agent, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), particularly in the highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Association of NRP/B with Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo was observed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and this association was up-regulated upon exposure to H(2)O(2), but not to sodium nitroprusside, SIN-1, and DETA-NO. NRP/B also enhanced Nrf2-mediated NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 promoter activity. Thus, this study reveals that NRP/B enhances oxidative stress responses in breast cancer cells via the Nrf2 pathway, identifying a novel role of nuclear matrix protein(s) in oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyha Seng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Platts AE, Quayle AK, Krawetz SA. In-silico prediction and observations of nuclear matrix attachment. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2006; 11:191-213. [PMID: 16847565 PMCID: PMC6276010 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-006-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear matrix is a functionally adaptive structural framework interior to the nuclear envelope. The nature and function of this nuclear organizer remains the subject of widespread discussion in the epigenetic literature. To draw this discussion together with a view to suggest a way forward we summarize the biochemical evidence for the modalities of DNA-matrix binding alongside the in-silico predictions. Concordance is exhibited at various, but not all levels. On the one hand, both the reiteration and sequence similarity of some elements of Matrix Attachment Regions suggest conservation. On the other hand, in-silico predictions suggest additional unique components. In bringing together biological and sequence evidence we conclude that binding may be hierarchical in nature, reflective of a biological role in replicating, transcribing and potentiating chromatin. Nuclear matrix binding may well be more complex than the widely accepted simple loop model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E. Platts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, 253 C.S. Mott Center, 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Amelia K. Quayle
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University School of Medicine, 253 C.S. Mott Center, 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University School of Medicine, 253 C.S. Mott Center, 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University School of Medicine, 253 C.S. Mott Center, 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Institute for Scientific Computing Wayne State, University School of Medicine, 253 C.S. Mott Center, 275 E Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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Zelent A, Guidez F, Melnick A, Waxman S, Licht JD. Translocations of the RARalpha gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Oncogene 2001; 20:7186-203. [PMID: 11704847 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity for over 40 years. Although relatively rare among hematopoietic malignancies (approximately 10% of AML cases), this disease has attracted a particularly good share of attention by becoming the first human cancer in which all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a physiologically active derivative of vitamin A, was able to induce complete remission (CR). ATRA induced remission is not associated with rapid cell death, as in the case of conventional chemotherapy, but with a restoration of the 'normal' granulocytic differentiation pathway. With this remarkable medical success story APL has overnight become a paradigm for the differentiation therapy of cancer. A few years later, excitement with APL was further enhanced by the discovery that a cytogenetic marker for this disease, the t(15:17) reciprocal chromosomal translocation, involves a fusion between the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene and a previously unknown locus named promyelocytic leukemia (PML). Consequence of this gene rearrangement is expression of the PML-RARalpha chimeric oncoprotein, which is responsible for the cellular transformation as well as ATRA response that is observed in APL. Since this initial discovery, a number of different translocation partner genes of RARalpha have been reported in rarer cases of APL, strongly suggesting that disruption of RARalpha underlies its pathogenesis. This article reviews various rearrangements of the RARalpha gene that have so far been described in literature, functions of the proteins encoded by the different RARalpha partner loci, and implications that these may have for the molecular pathogenesis of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zelent
- Leukemia Research Fund Centre at the Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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Protein 4.1N binding to nuclear mitotic apparatus protein in PC12 cells mediates the antiproliferative actions of nerve growth factor. J Neurosci 2000. [PMID: 10594058 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-24-10747.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1N is a neuronal selective isoform of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton protein 4.1R. In the present study, we demonstrate an interaction between 4.1N and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), a nuclear protein required for mitosis. The binding involves the C-terminal domain of 4.1N. In PC12 cells treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) elicits translocation of 4. 1N to the nucleus and promotes its association with NuMA. Specific targeting of 4.1N to the nucleus arrests PC12 cells at the G1 phase and produces an aberrant nuclear morphology. Inhibition of 4.1N nuclear translocation prevents the NGF-mediated arrest of cell division, which can be reversed by overexpression of 4.1N. Thus, nuclear 4.1N appears to mediate the antiproliferative actions of NGF by antagonizing the role of NuMA in mitosis.
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Mattagajasingh SN, Huang SC, Hartenstein JS, Snyder M, Marchesi VT, Benz EJ. A nonerythroid isoform of protein 4.1R interacts with the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1999; 145:29-43. [PMID: 10189366 PMCID: PMC2148212 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.145.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell protein 4.1 (4.1R) is an 80- kD erythrocyte phosphoprotein that stabilizes the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton. In nonerythroid cells, multiple 4.1R isoforms arise from a single gene by alternative splicing and predominantly code for a 135-kD isoform. This isoform contains a 209 amino acid extension at its NH2 terminus (head piece; HP). Immunoreactive epitopes specific for HP have been detected within the cell nucleus, nuclear matrix, centrosomes, and parts of the mitotic apparatus in dividing cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, in vitro binding assays, coimmunolocalization, and coimmunoprecipitation studies, we show that a 135-kD 4.1R isoform specifically interacts with the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein. NuMA and 4.1R partially colocalize in the interphase nucleus of MDCK cells and redistribute to the spindle poles early in mitosis. Protein 4.1R associates with NuMA in the interphase nucleus and forms a complex with spindle pole organizing proteins, NuMA, dynein, and dynactin during cell division. Overexpression of a 135-kD isoform of 4.1R alters the normal distribution of NuMA in the interphase nucleus. The minimal sequence sufficient for this interaction has been mapped to the amino acids encoded by exons 20 and 21 of 4.1R and residues 1788-1810 of NuMA. Our results not only suggest that 4.1R could, possibly, play an important role in organizing the nuclear architecture, mitotic spindle, and spindle poles, but also could define a novel role for its 22-24-kD domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mattagajasingh
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Kim TA, Lim J, Ota S, Raja S, Rogers R, Rivnay B, Avraham H, Avraham S. NRP/B, a novel nuclear matrix protein, associates with p110(RB) and is involved in neuronal differentiation. J Cell Biol 1998; 141:553-66. [PMID: 9566959 PMCID: PMC2132755 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.141.3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear matrix is defined as the insoluble framework of the nucleus and has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression, the cell cycle, and nuclear structural integrity via linkage to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. We have discovered a novel nuclear matrix protein, NRP/B (nuclear restricted protein/brain), which contains two major structural elements: a BTB domain-like structure in the predicted NH2 terminus, and a "kelch motif" in the predicted COOH-terminal domain. NRP/B mRNA (5.5 kb) is predominantly expressed in human fetal and adult brain with minor expression in kidney and pancreas. During mouse embryogenesis, NRP/B mRNA expression is upregulated in the nervous system. The NRP/B protein is expressed in rat primary hippocampal neurons, but not in primary astrocytes. NRP/B expression was upregulated during the differentiation of murine Neuro 2A and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of NRP/B in these cells augmented neuronal process formation. Treatment with antisense NRP/B oligodeoxynucleotides inhibited the neurite development of rat primary hippocampal neurons as well as the neuronal process formation during neuronal differentiation of PC-12 cells. Since the hypophosphorylated form of retinoblastoma protein (p110(RB)) is found to be associated with the nuclear matrix and overexpression of p110(RB) induces neuronal differentiation, we investigated whether NRP/B is associated with p110(RB). Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that NRP/B can be phosphorylated and can bind to the functionally active hypophosphorylated form of the p110(RB) during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced by retinoic acid. Our studies indicate that NRP/B is a novel nuclear matrix protein, specifically expressed in primary neurons, that interacts with p110(RB) and participates in the regulation of neuronal process formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kim
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Riley DJ, Chen PL, Lee WH. HEC, a novel nuclear protein rich in leucine heptad repeats specifically involved in mitosis. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:6049-56. [PMID: 9315664 PMCID: PMC232454 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.10.6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by the human gene HEC (highly expressed in cancer) contains 642 amino acids and a long series of leucine heptad repeats at its C-terminal region. HEC protein is expressed most abundantly in the S and M phases of rapidly dividing cells but not in terminal differentiated cells. It localizes to the nuclei of interphase cells, and a portion distributes to centromeres during M phase. Inactivation of HEC by microinjection of specific monoclonal antibodies into cells during interphase severely disturbs the subsequent mitoses. Disordered sister chromatid alignment and separation, as well as the formation of nonviable cells with multiple, fragmented micronuclei, are common features observed. These results suggest that the HEC protein may play an important role in chromosome segregation during M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78245, USA
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15
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Buchenau P, Saumweber H, Arndt-Jovin DJ. The dynamic nuclear redistribution of an hnRNP K-homologous protein during Drosophila embryo development and heat shock. Flexibility of transcription sites in vivo. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:291-303. [PMID: 9128243 PMCID: PMC2139770 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila protein Hrb57A has sequence homology to mammalian heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K proteins. Its in vivo distribution has been studied at high resolution by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in embryos injected with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody. Injection of antibody into living embryos had no apparent deleterious effects on further development. Furthermore, the antibody-protein complex could be observed for more than 7 cell cycles in vivo, revealing a dynamic redistribution from the nucleus to cytoplasm at each mitosis from blastoderm until hatching. The evaluation of two- and three-dimensional CLSM data sets demonstrated important differences in the localization of the protein in the nuclei of living compared to fixed embryos. The Hrb57A protein was recruited to the 93D locus upon heat shock and thus serves as an in vivo probe for the activity of the gene in diploid cells of the embryo. Observations during heat shock revealed considerable mobility within interphase nuclei of this transcription site. Furthermore, the reinitiation as well as the down regulation of transcriptional loci in vivo during the recovery from heat shock could be followed by the rapid redistribution of the hnRNP K during stress recovery. These data are incompatible with a model of the interphase nucleus in which transcription complexes are associated with a rigid nuclear matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buchenau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Krauss SW, Larabell CA, Lockett S, Gascard P, Penman S, Mohandas N, Chasis JA. Structural protein 4.1 in the nucleus of human cells: dynamic rearrangements during cell division. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:275-89. [PMID: 9128242 PMCID: PMC2139783 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/1996] [Revised: 01/20/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural protein 4.1, first identified as a crucial 80-kD protein in the mature red cell membrane skeleton, is now known to be a diverse family of protein isoforms generated by complex alternative mRNA splicing, variable usage of translation initiation sites, and posttranslational modification. Protein 4.1 epitopes are detected at multiple intracellular sites in nucleated mammalian cells. We report here investigations of protein 4.1 in the nucleus. Reconstructions of optical sections of human diploid fibroblast nuclei using antibodies specific for 80-kD red cell 4.1 and for 4.1 peptides showed 4.1 immunofluorescent signals were intranuclear and distributed throughout the volume of the nucleus. After sequential extractions of cells in situ, 4.1 epitopes were detected in nuclear matrix both by immunofluorescence light microscopy and resinless section immunoelectron microscopy. Western blot analysis of fibroblast nuclear matrix protein fractions, isolated under identical extraction conditions as those for microscopy, revealed several polypeptide bands reactive to multiple 4.1 antibodies against different domains. Epitope-tagged protein 4.1 was detected in fibroblast nuclei after transient transfections using a construct encoding red cell 80-kD 4.1 fused to an epitope tag. Endogenous protein 4.1 epitopes were detected throughout the cell cycle but underwent dynamic spatial rearrangements during cell division. Protein 4.1 was observed in nucleoplasm and centrosomes at interphase, in the mitotic spindle during mitosis, in perichromatin during telophase, as well as in the midbody during cytokinesis. These results suggest that multiple protein 4.1 isoforms may contribute significantly to nuclear architecture and ultimately to nuclear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Krauss
- Life Sciences Division, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, USA
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