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Yaghoobpoor S, Fathi M, Vakili K, Sayehmiri F, Alipour M, Miriran ZS, Ghayyem H, Tutunchian Z, Hajibeygi R, Batool Z, Mirzadeh M, Aghazadeh MH, Hajiesmaeili M. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297091. [PMID: 38630771 PMCID: PMC11023272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause inflammation, demyelination, and axon degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide mainly synthesized in the liver and brain. IGF-1 causes neuronal and non-neuronal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Therefore, it can be used in treating neuro-demyelinating diseases such as MS. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the levels of IGF-1 in MS patients and healthy controls and also investigates IGF binding proteins (IGF-BP) and growth hormone (GH) levels between MS patients and healthy controls. METHODS In this study, we systematically searched electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar, up to December 2022. Studies that measured IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and healthy controls in either blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) were identified. We calculated Standardized mean differences (SMD) to compare levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or IGFBP-3 in MS patients and controls. RESULTS Finally, we included 11 eligible studies from 1998 to 2018. The sample size of included studies varied from 20 to 200 resulting in a total sample size of 1067 individuals, 531 MS patients, and 536 healthy controls. The mean age of the patient and control groups were 38.96 and 39.38, respectively. The average EDSS among patients was 4.56. We found that blood levels of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.59, I2 = 82.4%, K = 8, n = 692), CSF level of IGF-1 (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.56, I2 = 0.0%, K = 3 n = 164) and blood levels of GH were not significantly higher in MS patients than controls (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = -0.33 to 0.49, I2 = 77.0% K = 3, n = 421). Moreover, the blood levels of IGFBP-1 (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.40, I2 = 77%, K = 4, n = 255) were significantly higher in MS cases than in controls. However, the blood levels of IGFBP-2 (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = -0.34 to 1.21, I2 = 64.2%, K = 3, n = 78) and blood levels of IGFBP-3 (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = -0.09 to 2.17, I2 = 95.6%, K = 6, n = 443) were not significantly higher in patients than controls. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in serum levels of IGF-1, GH, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 between the MS group and healthy controls, except for IGFBP1. However, our systematic review showed that the studies were controversial for IGFBP-3 serum levels. Some studies found an increase in serum level of IGFBP-3 in MS patients compared to the healthy group, while others showed a decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Alipour
- Medical Student, Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hani Ghayyem
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tutunchian
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center(ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center(ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moein Mirzadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fazia T, Baldrighi GN, Nova A, Bernardinelli L. A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3172-3194. [PMID: 37463755 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful approach for assessing the causal effect of putative risk factors on an outcome, using genetic variants as instrumental variables. The methodology and application developed in the framework of MR have been dramatically improved, taking advantage of the many public genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The availability of summary-level data allowed to perform numerous MR studies especially for complex diseases, pinpointing modifiable exposures causally related to increased or decreased disease risk. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease whose aetiology involves both genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interplay. Previous observational studies have revealed associations between candidate modifiable exposures and MS risk; although being prone to confounding, and reverse causation, these studies were unable to draw causal conclusions. MR analysis addresses the limitations of observational studies and allows to establish reliable and accurate causal conclusions. Here, we systematically reviewed the studies evaluating the causal effect, through MR, of genetic and non-genetic exposures on MS risk. Among 107 papers found, only 42 were eligible for final evaluation and qualitative synthesis. We found that, above all, low vitamin D levels and high adult body mass index (BMI) appear to be uncontested risk factors for increased MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Clarkson TC, Iguchi N, Xie AX, Malykhina AP. Differential transcriptomic changes in the central nervous system and urinary bladders of mice infected with a coronavirus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278918. [PMID: 36490282 PMCID: PMC9733897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) often leads to the development of neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We previously characterized neurogenic bladder dysfunction in a mouse model of MS induced by a coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). The aim of the study was to identify genes and pathways linking neuroinflammation in the central nervous system with urinary bladder (UB) dysfunction to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying LUTS in demyelinating diseases. Adult C57BL/6 male mice (N = 12) received either an intracranial injection of MHV (coronavirus-induced encephalomyelitis, CIE group), or sterile saline (control group). Spinal cord (SC) and urinary bladders (UB) were collected from CIE mice at 1 wk and 4 wks, followed by RNA isolation and NanoString nCounter Neuroinflammation assay. Transcriptome analysis of SC identified a significantly changed expression of >150 genes in CIE mice known to regulate astrocyte, microglia and oligodendrocyte functions, neuroinflammation and immune responses. Two genes were significantly upregulated (Ttr and Ms4a4a), and two were downregulated (Asb2 and Myct1) only in the UB of CIE mice. Siglec1 and Zbp1 were the only genes significantly upregulated in both tissues, suggesting a common transcriptomic link between neuroinflammation in the CNS and neurogenic changes in the UB of CIE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Clarkson
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nao Iguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alison Xiaoqiao Xie
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anna P. Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Crosstalk between neurological, cardiovascular, and lifestyle disorders: insulin and lipoproteins in the lead role. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:790-817. [PMID: 36149598 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired lipoprotein metabolism contribute to a plethora of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. These alterations have been extensively linked with poor lifestyle choices, such as consumption of a high-fat diet, smoking, stress, and a redundant lifestyle. Moreover, these are also known to increase the co-morbidity of diseases like Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin and lipoproteins exert a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, the tripping of balance between the periphery and center may alter the normal functioning of the brain and lead to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. These neurological disorders are further characterized by certain behavioral and molecular changes that show consistent overlap with alteration in insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting these two mechanisms not only reveals a way to manage the co-morbidities associated with the circle of the metabolic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disorders but also exclusively work as a disease-modifying therapy for neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of insulin resistance and lipoproteins in the progression of various neurological conditions and discuss the therapeutic options currently in the clinical pipeline targeting these two mechanisms; in addition, challenges faced in designing these therapeutic approaches have also been touched upon briefly.
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Amiri M, Mokhtari MJ, Bayat M, Safari A, Dianatpuor M, Tabrizi R, Borhani-Haghighi A. Expression and diagnostic values of MIAT, H19, and NRON long non-coding RNAs in multiple sclerosis patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have an important role in the pathophysiology of MS. This study aimed at evaluating the expression levels of lncRNAs, MIAT, H19, and NRON in peripheral blood of MS cases to a healthy control group. We collected blood samples of 95 MS cases (76 relapsing–remitting (RR) and 19 secondary progressive (SP) MS) and 95 controls. We used quantitative real-time PCR for the evaluation of gene expression. The correlation between expression with clinical parameters was analyzed by a multiple linear regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to detect the diagnostic potential of lncRNAs levels according to the area under the curve (AUC).
Results
MIAT, H19, and NRON were significantly increased in the RRMS and SPMS subgroups compared to the controls. We found that the H19 and MIAT expression significantly were higher in SPMS compared with RRMS. Patients with RRMS had a greater level of the average NRON expression is compared with SPMS patients. The expression level of H19 significantly was higher in females relative to male patients. Based on the area under curve (AUC) values, NRON had the best performance in the differentiation of MS patients from controls (AUC = 0.95, P < 0.0001). A combination of MIAT, H19, and NRON expression levels could be useful in differentiating MS patients with 93.6% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity, and diagnostic power of 0.96 (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The levels of MIAT, H19, and NRON in peripheral blood could be important biomarkers for MS diagnosis.
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Lu H, Wu PF, Ma DL, Zhang W, Sun M. Growth Factors and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis Risk. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768682. [PMID: 34745143 PMCID: PMC8566812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested essential roles of growth factors on the risk of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but it remains undefined whether the effects are causal. Objective We applied Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to disentangle the causal relationship between genetically predicted circulating levels of growth factors and the risk of MS. Methods Genetic instrumental variables for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 (IGFBP3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were obtained from up-to-date genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary-level statistics of MS were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, incorporating 14,802 subjects with MS and 26,703 healthy controls of European ancestry. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR was used as the primary method and multiple sensitivity analyses were employed in this study. Results Genetically predicted circulating levels of FGF23 were associated with risk of MS. The odds ratio (OR) of IVW was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.82; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in circulating FGF23 levels. Weighted median estimators also suggested FGF23 associated with lower MS risk (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87; p = 0.003). While MR-Egger approach provided no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (intercept = -0.003, p = 0.95). Results of IVW methods provided no evidence for causal roles of GDF1, IGF1, IGFBP3 and VEGF on MS risks, and additional sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these null findings. Conclusion Our results implied a causal relationship between FGF23 and the risk of MS. Further studies are warranted to confirm FGF23 as a genetically valid target for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deng-Lei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meichen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Moussa M, Abou Chakra M, Papatsoris AG, Dabboucy B, Hsieh M, Dellis A, Fares Y. Perspectives on urological care in multiple sclerosis patients. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:62-74. [PMID: 33996350 PMCID: PMC8122310 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Lower urinary tract dysfunction due to MS includes a dysfunction of the storage phase or dysfunction of the voiding phase or a detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Baseline evaluation includes a voiding chart, an ultrasound scan of the urinary tract, urine culture, and an urodynamic study. For storage symptoms, antimuscarinics are the first-line treatment, and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is indicated if there is concomitant incomplete bladder emptying. Intradetrusor injections with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), are recommended for refractory cases. Urinary diversion is rarely indicated. For patients with voiding symptoms, CIC and alpha-blockers are usually offered. Sexual dysfunction in patients with MS is multifactorial. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are first-line therapies for MS-associated erectile dysfunction in both male and female patients. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, genetic, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and management of MS. Lastly, the urologic outcomes and therapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Chairman of Urology Department, Lebanese University & Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Abou Chakra
- Urology Department, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Address correspondence to:Mohamad Abou Chakra, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Lebanese University. Beirut, Lebanon. E-mail:
| | - Athanasios G. Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Baraa Dabboucy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michael Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, USA
- Department of Urology, The George Washington University, Washington, USA
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- Department of Urology/General Surgery, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Youssef Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Brugger SW, Gardner MC, Beales JT, Briggs F, Davis MF. Depression in multiple sclerosis patients associated with risk variant near NEGR1. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102537. [PMID: 33296963 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from depression in addition to physical symptoms and disability. Recent evidence suggests a stronger relationship may exist between MS and depression than previously thought, in which a diagnosis of depression may be prodromic to the development of MS. METHODS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify genetic variants associated with the development of depression in a cohort of MS patients. The control group (n = 1180) was composed of MS patients with no diagnoses of depression as determined by ICD-9 and ICD-10 billing codes present in the electronic health record (EHR). Separate analyses were performed for three different case groups: 1) MS patients having a depression diagnosis at any time (n = 182), 2) MS patients having a depression diagnosis one year pre-MS diagnosis (n = 27), and 3) MS patients having a depression diagnosis one year post-MS diagnosis (n = 130). Logistic regression analyses were also performed to test for associations between the development of depression and an APOE tagging variant, as APOE was previously linked to depressive affect in MS. An additional logistic regression analysis tested for associations between depression in MS patients and SNPs associated with depression in the general population. Pathway enrichment analyses were also conducted to identify pathways that link the two diseases. RESULTS GWAS identified no novel associations between variants and a diagnosis of depression relative to a diagnosis of MS. One variant, rs1432639, associated with depression in the general population, was significantly associated with the development of depression post-MS diagnosis. The APOE-related SNPs were not associated with depression in this study population. An IGF1 pathway approached statistical significance in patients diagnosed with depression prior to a diagnosis of MS. CONCLUSION rs1432639 and the IGF1 pathway provide evidence for a genetic link between MS and depression that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Brugger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - M Cannon Gardner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jeremy T Beales
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Farren Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Mary F Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States; Department Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
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Kim HN, Langley MR, Simon WL, Yoon H, Kleppe L, Lanza IR, LeBrasseur NK, Matveyenko A, Scarisbrick IA. A Western diet impairs CNS energy homeostasis and recovery after spinal cord injury: Link to astrocyte metabolism. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104934. [PMID: 32376475 PMCID: PMC7982964 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet high in fat and sucrose (HFHS), the so-called Western diet promotes metabolic syndrome, a significant co-morbidity for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we demonstrate that the spinal cord of mice consuming HFHS expresses reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor and shows impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle function, reductions in PLP and increases in astrogliosis, all prior to SCI. After SCI, Western diet impaired sensorimotor and bladder recovery, increased microgliosis, exacerbated oligodendrocyte loss and reduced axon sprouting. Direct and indirect neural injury mechanisms are suggested since HFHS culture conditions drove parallel injury responses directly and indirectly after culture with conditioned media from HFHS-treated astrocytes. In each case, injury mechanisms included reductions in IGF-1R, SIRT1 and PGC-1α and were prevented by metformin. Results highlight the potential for a Western diet to evoke signs of neural insulin resistance and injury and metformin as a strategy to improve mechanisms of neural neuroprotection and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Monica R Langley
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Whitney L Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America; Neurosciuence Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
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Hoeflich A, Fitzner B, Walz C, Hecker M, Tuchscherer A, Brenmoehl J, Zettl UK. Reduced Fragmentation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 as a Potential Mechanism for Decreased Ratio of IGF-II to IGFBPs in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Response to Repeated Intrathecal Administration of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565557. [PMID: 33469444 PMCID: PMC7813808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the brain and spinal cord causing a wide range of symptoms such as impaired walking capability, spasticity, fatigue, and pain. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has regulatory functions for the induction of inflammatory pathways in experimental encephalomyelitis. We have therefore assessed expression and regulation of the IGF system on the level of IGFs and IGFBPs in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the course of four repeated triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) administrations in two female and four male MS patients. Sample series of 20 treatment cycles were analyzed. IGF-I and IGF-II were quantified by ELISAs, and IGFBPs were analyzed by quantitative Western ligand (qWLB) and Western immunoblotting (WIB) in order to differentiate intact and fragmented IGFBPs. The ratios of fragmented to intact IGFBP-2 and -3 were calculated in serum and CSF. Finally, the ratios of IGF-I and IGF-II to the total IGF-binding activity, quantified by qWLB, were determined as an indicator of IGF-related bioactivity. After the fourth TCA administration, the average level of IGF-I was increased in serum (p < 0.001). The increase of IGF-I concentrations in serum resulted in an increased ratio of IGF-I to IGFBPs in the circulation. By contrast in CSF, fragmentation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and the ratio of IGF-II to intact IGFBPs were decreased at the fourth TCA administration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, reduced fragmentation of IGFBP-3 in CSF was accompanied by increased concentrations of intact IGFBP-3 (p < 0.001). We conclude that reduced fragmentation of IGFBPs and concomitant reduction of IGF-II to IGFBP ratios indicate regulation of bioactivity of IGF-II in CSF during repeated intrathecal TCA administration in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Hoeflich, ; Uwe Klaus Zettl,
| | - Brit Fitzner
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological Section, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christina Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological Section, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Klaus Zettl
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological Section, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Hoeflich, ; Uwe Klaus Zettl,
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11
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Mazdeh M, Noroozi R, Komaki A, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of lncRNA H19 are not associated with risk of multiple sclerosis in Iranian population. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Lewitt MS, Boyd GW. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2019; 12:1178626419842176. [PMID: 31024217 PMCID: PMC6472167 DOI: 10.1177/1178626419842176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches. In developing new therapies, interaction with IGF-binding proteins and other growth factor signalling pathways should be considered. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Gary W Boyd
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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Hlavica M, Delparente A, Good A, Good N, Plattner PS, Seyedsadr MS, Schwab ME, Figlewicz DP, Ineichen BV. Intrathecal insulin-like growth factor 1 but not insulin enhances myelin repair in young and aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 648:41-46. [PMID: 28363754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One main pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) is demyelination. Novel therapies which enhance myelin repair are urgently needed. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have strong functional relationships. Here, we addressed the potential capacity of IGF-1 and insulin to enhance remyelination in an animal demyelination model in vivo. We found that chronic intrathecal infusion of IGF-1 enhanced remyelination after lysolecithin-induced demyelination in the spinal cord of young and aged rats. Aged rats showed a weaker innate remyelination capacity and are therefore a good model for progressive MS which is defined by chronic demyelination. In contrast to IGF-1, Insulin had no effect on remyelination in either age group. Our findings highlight the potential use of IGF-1 as remyelinating therapy for MS, particularly the progressive stage in which chronic demyelination is the hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hlavica
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Department of Neurosurgery, Switzerland
| | - Aro Delparente
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Good
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Good
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia S Plattner
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam S Seyedsadr
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dianne P Figlewicz
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin V Ineichen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neurology, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Shahbazi M, Abdolmohammadi R, Ebadi H, Farazmandfar T. Novel functional polymorphism in IGF-1 gene associated with multiple sclerosis: A new insight to MS. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 13:33-37. [PMID: 28427698 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between several genes and environment may play a role in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). The IGF-1 plays a key role in proliferation, maintenance and survival of nerve cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that IGF-1 may be a target for prediction and control MS. We aimed to analysis IGF-1 gene promoter sequence, to investigate the effect of the single nucleotide variants on IGF-1 expression and its association with MS. METHODS We enrolled 339 MS patients and 431 healthy controls. A specific region in IGF-1 gene promoter was investigated by SSCP analysis. All samples were genotyped by SSP-PCR. In-vitro and in-vivo IGF-1 production was measured by ELISA assay. IGF-1 expression in PBMCs was measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS We identified a T to C single nucleotide substitution at position -1089 and a C to T at position -383 from transcription start site in the IGF-1 gene promoter. There was a significant association between MS and genotypes IGF-1(-383) C/T (p=0.001) and IGF-1(-383) C/C (p<0.001). There was also a significant association between IGF-1(-383) allele C and MS (p=0.001). In-vitro and in-vivo IGF-1 level showed that IGF-1 production in samples with genotype IGF-1(-383) C/C significantly was less than T/T (p=0.004) but not T/C (p=0.220). CONCLUSION According to IGF-1 roles in CNS and our results, this study suggests that low IGF-1 level may be associated with susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Reza Abdolmohammadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ebadi
- Department of Neurology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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15
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Huang Y, Dreyfus CF. The role of growth factors as a therapeutic approach to demyelinating disease. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:531-40. [PMID: 27016070 PMCID: PMC5010931 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A variety of growth factors are being explored as therapeutic agents relevant to the axonal and oligodendroglial deficits that occur as a result of demyelinating lesions such as are evident in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This review focuses on five such proteins that are present in the lesion site and impact oligodendrocyte regeneration. It then presents approaches that are being exploited to manipulate the lesion environment affiliated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases and suggests that the utility of these approaches can extend to demyelination. Challenges are to further understand the roles of specific growth factors on a cellular and tissue level. Emerging technologies can then be employed to optimize the use of growth factors to ameliorate the deficits associated with demyelinating degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Cheryl F Dreyfus
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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16
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Wheeler NA, Fuss B. Extracellular cues influencing oligodendrocyte differentiation and (re)myelination. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:512-30. [PMID: 27016069 PMCID: PMC5010977 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing number of neurologic disorders found to be associated with loss and/or dysfunction of the CNS myelin sheath, ranging from the classic demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, through CNS injury, to neuropsychiatric diseases. The disabling burden of these diseases has sparked a growing interest in gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of the myelinating cells of the CNS, oligodendrocytes (OLGs), and the process of (re)myelination. In this context, the importance of the extracellular milieu is becoming increasingly recognized. Under pathological conditions, changes in inhibitory as well as permissive/promotional cues are thought to lead to an overall extracellular environment that is obstructive for the regeneration of the myelin sheath. Given the general view that remyelination is, even though limited in human, a natural response to demyelination, targeting pathologically 'dysregulated' extracellular cues and their downstream pathways is regarded as a promising approach toward the enhancement of remyelination by endogenous (or if necessary transplanted) OLG progenitor cells. In this review, we will introduce the extracellular cues that have been implicated in the modulation of (re)myelination. These cues can be soluble, part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or mediators of cell-cell interactions. Their inhibitory and permissive/promotional roles with regard to remyelination as well as their potential for therapeutic intervention will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Wheeler
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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Procaccini C, Santopaolo M, Faicchia D, Colamatteo A, Formisano L, de Candia P, Galgani M, De Rosa V, Matarese G. Role of metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders. Metabolism 2016; 65:1376-90. [PMID: 27506744 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increase in life expectancy over the last century, the prevalence of age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases continues to rise. This is the case of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases and Multiple sclerosis, which are chronic disorders characterized by neuronal loss in motor, sensory or cognitive systems. Accumulating evidence has suggested the presence of a strong correlation between metabolic changes and neurodegeneration. Indeed epidemiologic studies have shown strong associations between obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, while animal models have provided insights into the complex relationships between these conditions. In this context, hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin and IGF-1 seem to play a key role in the regulation of neuronal damage, toxic insults and several other neurodegenerative processes. This review aims to presenting the most recent evidence supporting the crosstalk linking energy metabolism and neurodegeneration, and will focus on metabolic manipulation as a possible therapeutic tool in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Deriggio Faicchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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Identification of Synaptotagmin 10 as Effector of NPAS4-Mediated Protection from Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2561-70. [PMID: 26936998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2027-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neuronal degeneration represents a pathogenetic hallmark after different brain insults, such as ischemia and status epilepticus (SE). Excessive release of glutamate triggered by pathophysiologic synaptic activity has been put forward as key mechanism in this context. In response to pathophysiologic synaptic activity, multiple signaling cascades are activated that ultimately initiate expression of specific sets of genes, which may decide between neuronal survival versus death. Recently, a core set of genes ["activity-regulated inhibitor of death" (AID) genes] including the transcription factor (TF) NPAS4 (neuronal PAS domain protein 4) has been found to provide activity-induced protection against neuronal death caused by excitotoxic stimulation. However, the downstream targets of AID action mediating neuroprotection remained so far unknown. Here, we have identified synaptotagmin 10 (Syt10), a vesicular Ca(2+) sensor, as the first neuroprotective effector protein downstream of the TF NPAS4. The expression of Syt10 is strongly upregulated by pathophysiologic synaptic activity after kainic acid (KA) exposure and its absence renders mouse hippocampal neurons highly susceptible to excitotoxic insults. We found NPAS4 as critical for the increase in Syt10 levels and in turn the ability of NPAS4 to confer neuroprotection against KA-induced excitotoxicity to be severely diminished in Syt10 knock-out neurons. In summary, our results point to an important role for signaling of the NPAS4-Syt10 pathway in the neuronal response to strong synaptic activity as a consequence of excitotoxic insults. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aberrant synaptic activity is observed in many neurological disorders and has been suggested as an important factor contributing to the pathophysiology. Intriguingly, pathophysiologic activity can also trigger signaling cascades mediating potentially compensatory neuroprotection against excitotoxic insult. Here, we identify a new neuroprotective signaling cascade involving the activity-induced transcriptional regulator NPAS4 and the vesicular Ca(2+)-sensor protein synaptotagmin 10 (Syt10). Syt10 is required for NPAS4 to protect hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death. NPAS4 in turn controls the activity of the Syt10 gene, which is strongly induced by pathophysiologic activity. Our results uncover an entirely unexpected, novel function of Syt10 underlying the response of neurons to pathophysiologic activity and provide new therapeutic perspectives for neurological disorders.
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Arroba AI, Rodríguez-de la Rosa L, Murillo-Cuesta S, Vaquero-Villanueva L, Hurlé JM, Varela-Nieto I, Valverde ÁM. Autophagy resolves early retinal inflammation in Igf1-deficient mice. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:965-74. [PMID: 27483352 PMCID: PMC5047685 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a growth factor with differentiating, anti-apoptotic and metabolic functions in the periphery, and anti-inflammatory properties in the nervous system. Mice that have mutations in the Igf1 gene, rendering the gene product inactive (Igf1−/−), present with age-related visual loss accompanied by structural alterations in the first synapses of the retinal pathway. Recent advances have revealed a crucial role of autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Keeping in mind this close relationship, we aimed to decipher these processes in the context of the defects that occur during ageing in the retina of Igf1−/− mice. Tnfa and Il1b mRNAs, and phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK were elevated in the retinas of 6- and 12-month old Igf1−/− mice compared to those in age-matched Igf1+/+ controls. In 6-month-old Igf1−/− retinas, increased mRNA levels of the autophagy mediators Becn1, Atg9, Atg5 and Atg4, decreased p62 (also known as SQSTM1) protein expression together with an increased LC3-II:LC3-I ratio reflected active autophagic flux. However, in retinas from 12-month-old Igf1−/− mice, Nlrp3 mRNA, processing of the IL1β pro-form and immunostaining of active caspase-1 were elevated compared to those in age-matched Igf1+/+ controls, suggesting activation of the inflammasome. This effect concurred with accumulation of autophagosomes and decreased autophagic flux in the retina. Microglia localization and status of activation in the retinas of 12-month-old Igf1+/+ and Igf1−/− mice, analyzed by immunostaining of Cd11b and Iba-1, showed a specific distribution pattern in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL), and revealed an increased number of activated microglia cells in the retina of 12-month-old blind Igf1−/− mice. Moreover, reactive gliosis was exclusively detected in the retinas from 12-month-old blind Igf1−/− mice. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence in a mouse model of IGF-1 deficiency that autophagy is an adaptive response that might confer protection against persistent inflammation in the retina during ageing. Summary:Igf1-deficient mice show chronic inflammation in the retina, and we reveal that controlling inflammation through autophagy in young mice could prevent loss of retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Arroba
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-de la Rosa
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Murillo-Cuesta
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Juan M Hurlé
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, Madrid 28029, Spain
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20
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Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in cerebrospinal fluid of advanced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:611-5. [PMID: 27061773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, lethal disease. Brain histopathology in certain SSPE patients shows, neurofibrillary tangles composed of abnormally phosphorylated, microtubule-associated protein tau (PHF-tau). Because the, phosphorylation of tau is inhibited by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) insulin and IGF-1 levels in SSPE patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study CSF IGF-1 and insulin levels of 45 SSPE and 25 age-matched control patients were investigated. CSF IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in SSPE patients at stage 4, compared to other stages (p 0.05). CSF insulin and IGF-1 levels were both positively correlated with serum measles IgG. CONCLUSIONS The correlation between CSF insulin and IGF-1 levels and serum measles virus IgG titer may be the result of, insulin activating IGF-1 receptors, and consequently, IGF-1 stimulating, plasma cells and enhancing IgG production. Increased IGF-1 may also, inhibit the phosphorylation of tau. Further studies examining the, correlation between IGF-1, insulin, tau, and PHF-tau levels in the same, patients may clarify any possible pathogenetic relation between these, pathways.
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Koutsoudaki PN, Papastefanaki F, Stamatakis A, Kouroupi G, Xingi E, Stylianopoulou F, Matsas R. Neural stem/progenitor cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes, reduce inflammation, and ameliorate learning deficits after transplantation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Glia 2015; 64:763-79. [PMID: 26712314 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has limited capacity for regeneration after traumatic injury. Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach while insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has neuroprotective properties following various experimental insults to the nervous system. We have previously shown that NPCs transduced with a lentiviral vector for IGF-I overexpression have an enhanced ability to give rise to neurons in vitro but also in vivo, upon transplantation in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Here we studied the regenerative potential of NPCs, IGF-I-transduced or not, in a mouse model of hippocampal mechanical injury. NPC transplantation, with or without IGF-I transduction, rescued the injury-induced spatial learning deficits as revealed in the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, it had beneficial effects on the host tissue by reducing astroglial activation and microglial/macrophage accumulation while enhancing generation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells. One or two months after transplantation the grafted NPCs had migrated towards the lesion site and in the neighboring myelin-rich regions. Transplanted cells differentiated toward the oligodendroglial, but not the neuronal or astrocytic lineages, expressing the early and late oligodendrocyte markers NG2, Olig2, and CNPase. The newly generated oligodendrocytes reached maturity and formed myelin internodes. Our current and previous observations illustrate the high plasticity of transplanted NPCs which can acquire injury-dependent phenotypes within the host CNS, supporting the fact that reciprocal interactions between transplanted cells and the host tissue are an important factor to be considered when designing prospective cell-based therapies for CNS degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi N Koutsoudaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Florentia Papastefanaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Evangelia Xingi
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Fotini Stylianopoulou
- Biology-Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, 11521, Greece
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Aharoni R. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: realizing a long-standing challenge. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:1369-72. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Study of curcumin immunomodulatory effects on reactive astrocyte cell function. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:230-5. [PMID: 24998635 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which most often presents as relapsing-remitting episodes. Recent evidence suggests that activated astrocytes play a dual functional role in CNS inflammatory disorders such as MS. In this study, we tried to induce anti-inflammatory functions of astrocytes by curcumin. The effects of curcumin were examined on human a astrocyte cell line (U373-MG) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. Cytokine levels were evaluated by quantitative ELISA method and mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. We found that curcumin decreased the release of IL-6 and reduced MMP-9 enzyme activity. It down-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression too. However, curcumin did not have significant effects on the expression of neurotrophin (NT)-3 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNAs. Results suggest that curcumin might beneficially affect astrocyte population in CNS neuroinflammatory environment lean to anti-inflammatory response and help to components in respects of CNS repair. Our findings offer curcumin as a new therapeutic agent with the potential of regulating astrocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases in the CNS.
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Insulin-like growth factor and the etiology of autism. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:475-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Li MD, Cao J, Wang S, Wang J, Sarkar S, Vigorito M, Ma JZ, Chang SL. Transcriptome sequencing of gene expression in the brain of the HIV-1 transgenic rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59582. [PMID: 23536882 PMCID: PMC3607591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The noninfectious HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rat was developed as a model of AIDs-related pathology and immune dysfunction by manipulation of a noninfectious HIV-1gag-pol virus with a deleted 3-kb SphI-MscI fragment containing the 3′ -region of gag and the 5′ region of pol into F344 rats. Our previous studies revealed significant behavioral differences between HIV-1Tg and F344 control rats in their performance in the Morris water maze and responses to psychostimulants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral differences remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways affected by the gag-pol-deleted HIV-1 genome. Using RNA deep sequencing, we sequenced RNA transcripts in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of HIV-1Tg and F344 rats. A total of 72 RNA samples were analyzed (i.e., 12 animals per group × 2 strains × 3 brain regions). Following deep-sequencing analysis of 50-bp paired-end reads of RNA-Seq, we used Bowtie/Tophat/Cufflinks suites to align these reads into transcripts based on the Rn4 rat reference genome and to measure the relative abundance of each transcript. Statistical analyses on each brain region in the two strains revealed that immune response- and neurotransmission-related pathways were altered in the HIV-1Tg rats, with brain region differences. Other neuronal survival-related pathways, including those encoding myelin proteins, growth factors, and translation regulators, were altered in the HIV-1Tg rats in a brain region-dependent manner. This study is the first deep-sequencing analysis of RNA transcripts associated the HIV-1Tg rat. Considering the functions of the pathways and brain regions examined in this study, our findings of abnormal gene expression patterns in HIV-1Tg rats suggest mechanisms underlying the deficits in learning and memory and vulnerability to drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders observed in HIV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming D. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MDL); (SLC)
| | - Junran Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sraboni Sarkar
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Vigorito
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sulie L. Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MDL); (SLC)
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Miltiadous P, Kouroupi G, Stamatakis A, Koutsoudaki PN, Matsas R, Stylianopoulou F. Subventricular zone-derived neural stem cell grafts protect against hippocampal degeneration and restore cognitive function in the mouse following intrahippocampal kainic acid administration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:185-98. [PMID: 23417642 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a major neurological disease, often associated with cognitive decline. Since approximately 30% of patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs, TLE is being considered as a possible clinical target for alternative stem cell-based therapies. Given that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is neuroprotective following a number of experimental insults to the nervous system, we investigated the therapeutic potential of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) transduced, or not, with a lentiviral vector for overexpression of IGF-I after transplantation in a mouse model of kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal degeneration, which represents an animal model of TLE. Exposure of mice to the Morris water maze task revealed that unilateral intrahippocampal NSC transplantation significantly prevented the KA-induced cognitive decline. Moreover, NSC grafting protected against neurodegeneration at the cellular level, reduced astrogliosis, and maintained endogenous granule cell proliferation at normal levels. In some cases, as in the reduction of hippocampal cell loss and the reversal of the characteristic KA-induced granule cell dispersal, the beneficial effects of transplanted NSCs were manifested earlier and were more pronounced when these were transduced to express IGF-I. However, differences became less pronounced by 2 months postgrafting, since similar amounts of IGF-I were detected in the hippocampi of both groups of mice that received cell transplants. Grafted NSCs survived, migrated, and differentiated into neurons-including glutamatergic cells-and not glia, in the host hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that transplantation of IGF-I producing NSCs is neuroprotective and restores cognitive function following KA-induced hippocampal degeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Behavior, Animal
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cognition
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/chemically induced
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/metabolism
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/psychology
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/therapy
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Hippocampus/surgery
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Kainic Acid
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Degeneration
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neural Stem Cells/transplantation
- Neurogenesis
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Time Factors
- Transduction, Genetic
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27
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Zhang J, Kramer EG, Asp L, Dutta DJ, Navrazhina K, Pham T, Mariani JN, Argaw AT, Melendez-Vasquez CV, John GR. Promoting myelin repair and return of function in multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3813-20. [PMID: 21864535 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Conduction block in demyelinated axons underlies early neurological symptoms, but axonal transection and neuronal loss are believed to be responsible for more permanent chronic deficits. Several therapies are approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS, all of which are immunoregulatory and clinically proven to reduce the rate of lesion formation and exacerbation. However, existing approaches are only partially effective in preventing the onset of disability in MS patients, and novel treatments to protect myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and enhance myelin repair may improve long-term outcomes. Studies in vivo in genetically modified mice have assisted in the characterization of mechanisms underlying the generation of neuropathology in MS patients, and have identified potential avenues for oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair. However, no treatments are yet approved that target these areas directly, and in addition, the relationship between demyelination and axonal transection in the lesions of the disease remains unclear. Here, we review translational research targeting oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in models of autoimmune demyelination, and their potential relevance as therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhang
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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28
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Zhang J, Kramer EG, Mahase S, Dutta DJ, Bonnamain V, Argaw AT, John GR. Targeting oligodendrocyte protection and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:244-57. [PMID: 21425268 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord with a presumed autoimmune etiology. Conduction block in demyelinated axons underlies early neurological symptoms, whereas axonal transection is believed responsible for more permanent later deficits. Approved treatments for the disease are immunoregulatory and reduce the rate of lesion formation and clinical exacerbation, but are only partially effective in preventing the onset of disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Approaches that directly protect myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and enhance remyelination may improve long-term outcomes and reduce the rate of axonal transection. Studies in genetically modified animals have improved our understanding of mechanisms underlying central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis models, and have identified pathways that regulate oligodendrocyte viability and myelin repair. However, although clinical trials are ongoing, many have been unsuccessful, and no treatments are yet approved that target these areas in multiple sclerosis. In this review, we examine avenues for oligodendrocyte protection and endogenous myelin repair in animal models of demyelination and remyelination, and their relevance as therapeutics in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhang
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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29
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IGF-I ameliorates hippocampal neurodegeneration and protects against cognitive deficits in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2011; 231:223-35. [PMID: 21756906 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major neurological disease, and patients often show spatial memory deficits. Thus, there is a need of effective new therapeutic approaches. IGF-I has been shown to be neuroprotective following a number of experimental insults to the nervous system, and in a variety of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of IGF-I following unilateral intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid (KA), an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). KA induced cell death, as shown by FluoroJade B, and extensive cell loss in both the ipsilateral and contralateral CA3 and CA4 areas, as well as granule cell dispersal in the DG, as revealed by Cresyl violet staining. KA also resulted in intense astrogliosis and microgliosis, as assessed by the number of GFAP and CD11b immunopositive cells, respectively, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. Exposure to the Morris Water Maze task revealed that mice injected with KA were deficient in spatial learning and both short- and long-term memories, when tested in a larger diameter pool, which requires the use of allocentric strategies. When tested in a smaller pool, only long-term memory was impaired. Administration of IGF-I decreased seizure severity, hippocampal neurogenesis, and protected against neurodegeneration at the cellular level as assessed by FluoroJade B and Cresyl violet staining, as well as the number of GFAP and CD11b immunopositive cells. Furthermore, IGF-I abolished the cognitive deficits. Our results support that IGF-I could have a possible therapeutic potential in TLE.
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30
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Su WW, Lee KT, Yeh YT, Soon MS, Wang CL, Yu ML, Wang SN. Association of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 with hepatocellular carcinoma: one cross-sectional correlation study. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 24:195-200. [PMID: 20486202 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the association of changes in circulating IGF-1 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The radioimmunoassay was used to analyze serum IGF-1 levels of 65 HCC patients and 165 healthy subjects. Serum IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in the HCC patients as compared with the healthy subjects (158.46+/-105.07 vs. 247.63+/-149.96 ng/mL, P<0.001). Furthermore, insulin resistance was significantly higher in the HCC patients than the healthy subjects (P=0.027). In addition, the significant correlations of serum IGF-1 levels with age and insulin resistance in the healthy subjects were not noted in the HCC patients. Intriguingly, individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV), not hepatitis B virus, had remarkably decreased IGF-1 levels in both groups of the HCC patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, in the HCV subgroup, serum IGF-1 levels were significantly reduced in the HCC patients than the healthy subjects (113.14+/-71.28 vs. 172.42+/-74.02 ng/mL, P=0.003). In conclusion, decreased serum IGF-1 levels were associated with HCC and the decrease was remarkably noted in those patients concomitant with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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31
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Abstract
Despite significant research on the role of inflammation and immunosurveillance in the immunologic microenvironment of tumors, little attention has been given to the oncogenic capabilities of the complement cascade. The recent finding that complement may contribute to tumor growth suggests an insidious relationship between complement and cancer, especially in light of evidence that complement facilitates cellular proliferation and regeneration. We address the hypothesis that complement proteins promote carcinogenesis and suggest mechanisms by which complement can drive the fundamental features of cancer. Evidence shows that this diverse family of innate immune proteins facilitates dysregulation of mitogenic signaling pathways, sustained cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, insensitivity to apoptosis, invasion and migration, and escape from immunosurveillance. Given that the traditionally held functions for the complement system include innate immunity and cancer defense, our review suggests a new way of thinking about the role of complement proteins in neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Rutkowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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32
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Complement and the central nervous system: emerging roles in development, protection and regeneration. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:781-6. [PMID: 20404838 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As expanding research reveals the novel ability of complement proteins to promote proliferation and regeneration of tissues throughout the body, the concept of the complement cascade as an innate immune effector has changed rapidly. In particular, its interactions with the central nervous system have provided a wealth of information regarding the ability of complement proteins to mediate neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, cell migration, neuroprotection, proliferation and regeneration. At numerous phases of the neuronal and glial cell cycle, complement proteins exert direct or indirect influence over their behavior and fate. Neuronal stem cells differentiate and migrate in response to complement, and it prevents injury and death in adult cells in response to toxic agents. Furthermore, complement proteins promote survival via anti-apoptotic actions, and can facilitate clearance and regeneration of injured tissues in various models of CNS disease. In summary, we highlight the protean abilities of complement proteins in the central nervous system, underscoring an exciting avenue of research that has yielded greater understanding of complement's role in central nervous system health and disease.
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33
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Moloney AM, Griffin RJ, Timmons S, O'Connor R, Ravid R, O'Neill C. Defects in IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor and IRS-1/2 in Alzheimer's disease indicate possible resistance to IGF-1 and insulin signalling. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:224-43. [PMID: 18479783 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) signalling control vital growth, survival and metabolic functions in the brain. Here we describe specific and significant alterations in IGF-1R, IR, and their key substrate adaptor proteins IRS-1 and IRS-2 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Western immunoblot analysis detected increased IGF-1R levels, and decreased levels of IGF-1-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), a major IGF-1-binding protein, in AD temporal cortex. Increased IGF-1R was observed surrounding and within amyloid-beta (Abeta)-containing plaques, also evident in an animal model of AD, and in astrocytes in AD. However, despite the overall increase in IGF-1R levels, a significantly lower number of neurons expressed IGF-1R in AD, and IGF-1R was aberrantly distributed in AD neurons especially evident in those with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). IR protein levels were similar in AD and control cases, however, the IR was concentrated intracellularly in AD neurons, unlike its distribution throughout the neuronal cell soma and in dendrites in control brain. Significant decreases in IRS-1 and IRS-2 levels were identified in AD neurons, in association with increased levels of inactivated phospho(Ser312)IRS-1 and phospho(Ser616)IRS-1, where increased levels of these phosphoserine epitopes colocalised strongly with NFTs. Our results show that IGF-1R and IR signalling is compromised in AD neurons and suggest that neurons that degenerate in AD may be resistant to IGF-1R/IR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen M Moloney
- Department of Biochemistry, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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34
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Laureys G, Clinckers R, Gerlo S, Spooren A, Wilczak N, Kooijman R, Smolders I, Michotte Y, De Keyser J. Astrocytic beta(2)-adrenergic receptors: from physiology to pathology. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 91:189-99. [PMID: 20138112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence accumulates for a key role of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in the many homeostatic and neuroprotective functions of astrocytes, including glycogen metabolism, regulation of immune responses, release of neurotrophic factors, and the astrogliosis that occurs in response to neuronal injury. A dysregulation of the astrocytic beta(2)-adrenergic-pathway is suspected to contribute to the physiopathology of a number of prevalent and devastating neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. In this review we focus on the physiological functions of astrocytic beta(2)-adrenergic receptors, and their possible impact in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Laureys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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35
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Neuroprotective effects of IGF-I following kainic acid-induced hippocampal degeneration in the rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:347-60. [PMID: 19777341 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant both in in vitro studies and in in vivo animal models of ischemia, hypoxia, trauma in the brain or the spinal cord, multiple and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of IGF-I in the "kainic acid-induced degeneration of the hippocampus" model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Increased cell death--as detected by FluoroJade B staining--and extensive cell loss--as determined by cresyl violet staining--were observed mainly in the CA3 and CA4 areas of the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus, 7 days following intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid. Kainic acid injection also resulted in intense astrogliosis--as assessed by the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunopositive cells--in both hemispheres, forming a clear astroglial scar ipsilaterally to the injection site. Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) immunopositive cells were also observed in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus (DG) following kainic acid injection. When IGF-I was administered together with kainic acid, practically no signs of degeneration were detected in the contralateral hemisphere, while in the ipsilateral, there was a smaller degree of cell loss, reduced number of FluoroJade B-stained cells, decreased reactive gliosis and fewer Hsp70-positive cells. Our present results extend further the cases in which IGF-I is shown to exhibit neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative processes in the CNS.
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36
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Hua K, Forbes ME, Lichtenwalner RJ, Sonntag WE, Riddle DR. Adult-onset deficiency in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I alters oligodendrocyte turnover in the corpus callosum. Glia 2009; 57:1062-71. [PMID: 19115393 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) provide trophic support during development and also appear to influence cell structure, function and replacement in the adult brain. Recent studies demonstrated effects of the GH/IGF-I axis on adult neurogenesis, but it is unclear whether the GH/IGF-I axis influences glial turnover in the normal adult brain. In the current study, we used a selective model of adult-onset GH and IGF-I deficiency to evaluate the role of GH and IGF-I in regulating glial proliferation and survival in the adult corpus callosum. GH/IGF-I-deficient dwarf rats of the Lewis strain were made GH/IGF-I replete via twice daily injections of GH starting at postnatal day 28 (P28), approximately the age at which GH pulse amplitude increases in developing rodents. GH/IGF-I deficiency was initiated in adulthood by removing animals from GH treatment. Quantitative analyses revealed that adult-onset GH/IGF-I deficiency decreased cell proliferation in the white matter and decreased the survival of newborn oligodendrocytes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aging-related changes in the GH/IGF-I axis produce deficits in ongoing turnover of oligodendrocytes, which may contribute to aging-related cognitive changes and deficits in remyelination after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hua
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1010, USA
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37
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Braun A, Dang J, Johann S, Beyer C, Kipp M. Selective regulation of growth factor expression in cultured cortical astrocytes by neuro-pathological toxins. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:610-8. [PMID: 19524632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are integrated in the complex regulation of neurodegeneration and neuronal damage in the CNS. It is well-known that astroglia produces a plethora of growth factors which might be protective for neurons. Growth factors prevent neurons from cell death and promote proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells. Previous data suggest that astrocytes may respond to toxic stimuli by a selective mobilization of guarding molecules. In the present study, we have investigated the potency of different pathological stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor alpha, glutamate, and hydrogen peroxide to activate cultured cortical astroglia and stimulate growth factor expression. Astroglial cultures were exposed to the above factors for 24h at non-toxic concentrations for astrocytes. Growth factor expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, oligo-microarray technique, and ELISA. Insulin-like growth factor-1 was selectively down-regulated by lipopolysaccharides and tumor necrosis factor alpha, bone morphogenetic protein 6 by all stimuli. In contrast, lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and glutamate increased leukemia inhibitory factor. Fibroblast growth factor 2 was up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides and tumor necrosis factor alpha and down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide. Besides hydrogen peroxide, all other stimuli promoted vascular epithelial growth factor A mRNA and protein expression. It appears that lipopolysaccharides but not tumor necrosis factor alpha effects on vascular epithelial growth factor A depend on the classic NFkappaB pathway. Our data clearly demonstrate that astroglia actively responses to diverse pathological compounds by a selective expression pattern of growth factors. These findings make astrocytes likely candidates to participate in disease-specific characteristics of neuronal support or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Braun
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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38
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Bibollet-Bahena O, Almazan G. IGF-1-stimulated protein synthesis in oligodendrocyte progenitors requires PI3K/mTOR/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways. J Neurochem 2009; 109:1440-51. [PMID: 19453943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) interacts with the Type I receptor to activate two main signaling pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt cascades, which mediate proliferation or survival of oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors (OLPs). In other cellular systems, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the p70 S6 kinase are downstream effectors that phosphorylate translation initiation factors (e.g. eIF-4E), their regulators (e.g. 4E-binding protein 1, 4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6). The aim of this study was to determine whether these pathways are involved in IGF-1-stimulated protein synthesis, important for growth and differentiation of OLs. Rat cultured OLPs were treated with IGF-1 with or without inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002 or Wortmannin), mTOR (rapamycin), MEK (PD98059), and Akt (III or IV), as well as an adenovirus encoding a dominant negative form of Akt. Protein synthesis, as assessed by [(35)S]-methionine incorporation, was stimulated by IGF-1 and required the upstream activation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and MEK/ERK. Concordant with the experiments using protein kinase inhibitors, western blotting revealed that IGF-1 stimulates phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, ERK, S6 and 4E-BP1. Activation of S6 and inactivation of 4E-BP1, necessary for protein synthesis to take place, were dependent on the upstream activation of PI3K and mTOR. Finally, IGF-1 consistently stimulated protein synthesis through mTOR in differentiating OLPs but mRNA transcription was not required at day 4, indicating a differential role of IGF-1 throughout OL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Bibollet-Bahena
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Cudrici C, Ito T, Zafranskaia E, Weerth S, Rus V, Chen H, Niculescu F, Soloviova K, Tegla C, Gherman A, Raine CS, Shin ML, Rus H. Complement C5 regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 203:94-103. [PMID: 18692252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Complement activation plays a central role in autoimmune demyelination. To explore the possible effects of C5 on post-inflammatory tissue repair, we investigated the transcriptional profile induced by C5 in chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) using oligonucleotide arrays. We used C5-deficient (C5-d) and C5-sufficient (C5-s) mice to compare the gene expression profile and we found that 390 genes were differentially regulated in C5-s mice as compared to C5-d mice during chronic EAE. Among them, a group of genes belonging to the family of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3 were found most significantly differentially regulated by C5. The dysregulation of these genes suggests that these proteins might be responsible for the gliosis and lack of remyelination seen in C5-d mice with chronic EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Cudrici
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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40
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Abstract
Remyelination involves reinvesting demyelinated axons with new myelin sheaths. In stark contrast to the situation that follows loss of neurons or axonal damage, remyelination in the CNS can be a highly effective regenerative process. It is mediated by a population of precursor cells called oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are widely distributed throughout the adult CNS. However, despite its efficiency in experimental models and in some clinical diseases, remyelination is often inadequate in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating disease and a cause of neurological disability in young adults. The failure of remyelination has profound consequences for the health of axons, the progressive and irreversible loss of which accounts for the progressive nature of these diseases. The mechanisms of remyelination therefore provide critical clues for regeneration biologists that help them to determine why remyelination fails in MS and in other demyelinating diseases and how it might be enhanced therapeutically.
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Abstract
It has long been thought that astrocytes, like other glial cells, simply provide a support mechanism for neuronal function in the healthy and inflamed central nervous system (CNS). However, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes play an active and dual role in CNS inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Astrocytes not only have the ability to enhance immune responses and inhibit myelin repair, but they can also be protective and limit CNS inflammation while supporting oligodendrocyte and axonal regeneration. The particular impact of these cells on the pathogenesis and repair of an inflammatory demyelinating process is dependent upon a number of factors, including the stage of the disease, the type and microenvironment of the lesion, and the interactions with other cell types and factors that influence their activation. In this review, we summarize recent data supporting the idea that astrocytes play a complex role in the regulation of CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nair
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Fienberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - T. J. Frederick
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Fienberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - S. D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Fienberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Armstrong RC. Growth factor regulation of remyelination: behind the growing interest in endogenous cell repair of the CNS. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2007; 2:689-697. [PMID: 19079759 DOI: 10.2217/14796708.2.6.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination facilitates recovery of saltatory conduction along demyelinated axons and may help prevent axon damage in patients with demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. The extent of remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions varies dramatically, indicating a capacity for repair that is not fulfilled in lesions with poor remyelination. In experimental models of demyelinating disease, remyelination is limited by chronic disease that depletes the oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) population, inhibits OP differentiation into remyelinating oligodendrocytes and/or perturbs cell survival in the lesion environment. Manipulating the activity of growth factor signaling pathways significantly improves the ability of endogenous OP cells to accomplish extensive remyelination. Specifically, growth factors have been identified that can regulate OP proliferation, differentiation and survival in demyelinated lesions. Therefore, growth factors may be key signals for strategies to improve conditions with poor remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C Armstrong
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA, Tel.: +1 301 295 3205; ;
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43
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Intraparenchymal spinal cord delivery of adeno-associated virus IGF-1 is protective in the SOD1G93A model of ALS. Brain Res 2007; 1185:256-65. [PMID: 17963733 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potent neuroprotective activities of neurotrophic factors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), make them promising candidates for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In an effort to maximize rate of motor neuron transduction, achieve high levels of spinal IGF-1 and thus enhance therapeutic benefit, we injected an adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)-based vector encoding human IGF-1 (CERE-130) into lumbar spinal cord parenchyma of SOD1(G93A) mice. We observed robust and long-term intraspinal IGF-1 expression and partial rescue of lumbar spinal cord motor neurons, as well as sex-specific delayed disease onset, weight loss, decline in hindlimb grip strength and increased animal survival.
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