1
|
Ali FEM, Abdel-Reheim MA, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Althagafy HS, Badran KSA. Exploring the potential of drug repurposing for liver diseases: A comprehensive study. Life Sci 2024; 347:122642. [PMID: 38641047 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing involves the investigation of existing drugs for new indications. It offers a great opportunity to quickly identify a new drug candidate at a lower cost than novel discovery and development. Despite the importance and potential role of drug repurposing, there is no specific definition that healthcare providers and the World Health Organization credit. Unfortunately, many similar and interchangeable concepts are being used in the literature, making it difficult to collect and analyze uniform data on repurposed drugs. This research was conducted based on understanding general criteria for drug repurposing, concentrating on liver diseases. Many drugs have been investigated for their effect on liver diseases even though they were originally approved (or on their way to being approved) for other diseases. Some of the hypotheses for drug repurposing were first captured from the literature and then processed further to test the hypothesis. Recently, with the revolution in bioinformatics techniques, scientists have started to use drug libraries and computer systems that can analyze hundreds of drugs to give a short list of candidates to be analyzed pharmacologically. However, this study revealed that drug repurposing is a potential aid that may help deal with liver diseases. It provides available or under-investigated drugs that could help treat hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, Wilson disease, liver cancer, and fatty liver. However, many further studies are needed to ensure the efficacy of these drugs on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S A Badran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hijaze E, Gildor T, Seidel R, Layous M, Winter M, Bertinetti L, Politi Y, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S. ROCK and the actomyosin network control biomineral growth and morphology during sea urchin skeletogenesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP89080. [PMID: 38573316 PMCID: PMC10994658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization had apparently evolved independently in different phyla, using distinct minerals, organic scaffolds, and gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, diverse eukaryotes from unicellular organisms, through echinoderms to vertebrates, use the actomyosin network during biomineralization. Specifically, the actomyosin remodeling protein, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) regulates cell differentiation and gene expression in vertebrates' biomineralizing cells, yet, little is known on ROCK's role in invertebrates' biomineralization. Here, we reveal that ROCK controls the formation, growth, and morphology of the calcite spicules in the sea urchin larva. ROCK expression is elevated in the sea urchin skeletogenic cells downstream of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling. ROCK inhibition leads to skeletal loss and disrupts skeletogenic gene expression. ROCK inhibition after spicule formation reduces the spicule elongation rate and induces ectopic spicule branching. Similar skeletogenic phenotypes are observed when ROCK is inhibited in a skeletogenic cell culture, indicating that these phenotypes are due to ROCK activity specifically in the skeletogenic cells. Reduced skeletal growth and enhanced branching are also observed under direct perturbations of the actomyosin network. We propose that ROCK and the actomyosin machinery were employed independently, downstream of distinct GRNs, to regulate biomineral growth and morphology in Eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hijaze
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Tsvia Gildor
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Ronald Seidel
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Majed Layous
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Mark Winter
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, Technische Universiteit DelftDelftNetherlands
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Yael Politi
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanabe I, Ishimori K, Ishikawa S. Development of an in vitro human alveolar epithelial air-liquid interface model using a small molecule inhibitor cocktail. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38500038 PMCID: PMC10946194 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alveolar epithelium is exposed to numerous stimuli, such as chemicals, viruses, and bacteria that cause a variety of pulmonary diseases through inhalation. Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) cultured in vitro are a valuable tool for studying the impacts of these stimuli and developing therapies for associated diseases. However, maintaining the proliferative capacity of AECs in vitro is challenging. In this study, we used a cocktail of three small molecule inhibitors to cultivate AECs: Y-27632, A-83-01, and CHIR99021 (YAC). These inhibitors reportedly maintain the proliferative capacity of several types of stem/progenitor cells. RESULTS Primary human AECs cultured in medium containing YAC proliferated for more than 50 days (over nine passages) under submerged conditions. YAC-treated AECs were subsequently cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) to promote differentiation. YAC-treated AECs on ALI day 7 formed a monolayer of epithelial tissue with strong expression of the surfactant protein-encoding genes SFTPA1, SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD, which are markers for type II AECs (AECIIs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that paraffin sections of YAC-treated AECs on ALI day 7 were mainly composed of cells expressing surfactant protein B and prosurfactant protein C. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that YAC-containing medium could be useful for expansion of AECIIs, which are recognized as local stem/progenitor cells, in the alveoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Tanabe
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Kanae Ishimori
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Ishikawa
- Scientific Product Assessment Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8512, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Futterknecht S, Chatzimichail E, Gugleta K, Panos GD, Gatzioufas Z. The Role of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:97-108. [PMID: 38264539 PMCID: PMC10804875 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s435522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea, as the outermost layer of the eye, plays a crucial role in vision by focusing light onto the retina. Various diseases and injuries can compromise its clarity, leading to impaired vision. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and associated risks of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors in the management of corneal diseases. The article focuses on four key ROCK inhibitors: Y-27632, fasudil, ripasudil, and netarsudil, providing a comparative examination. Studies supporting the use of ROCK inhibitors highlight their efficacy across diverse corneal conditions. In Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, studies on the application of Y-27632, ripasudil, and netarsudil demonstrated noteworthy enhancements in corneal clarity, endothelial cell density, and visual acuity. In pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, the injection of Y-27632 together with cultured corneal endothelial cells into the anterior chamber lead to enhanced corneal endothelial cell density and improved visual acuity. Animal models simulating chemical injury to the cornea showed a reduction of neovascularization and epithelial defects after application of fasudil and in a case of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome netarsudil improved corneal edema. Addressing safety considerations, netarsudil and ripasudil, both clinically approved, exhibit adverse events such as conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival hemorrhage, cornea verticillata, conjunctivitis, and blepharitis. Monitoring patients during treatment becomes crucial to balancing the potential therapeutic benefits with these associated risks. In conclusion, ROCK inhibitors, particularly netarsudil and ripasudil, offer promise in managing corneal diseases. The comparative analysis of their pharmacological properties and studies supporting their efficacy underscore their potential therapeutic significance. However, ongoing research is paramount to comprehensively understand their safety profiles and long-term outcomes in diverse corneal conditions, guiding their optimal application in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Futterknecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Konstantin Gugleta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgios D Panos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim HY, Sinha I, Sears KE, Kuperwasser C, Rauner G. Expanding the evo-devo toolkit: generation of 3D mammary tissue from diverse mammals. Development 2024; 151:dev202134. [PMID: 38276965 PMCID: PMC10905751 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The varying pathways of mammary gland development across species and evolutionary history are underexplored, largely due to a lack of model systems. Recent progress in organoid technology holds the promise of enabling in-depth studies of the developmental adaptations that have occurred throughout the evolution of different species, fostering beneficial phenotypes. The practical application of this technology for mammary glands has been mostly confined to rodents and humans. In the current study, we have successfully created next-generation 3D mammary gland organoids from eight eutherian mammals and the first branched organoid of a marsupial mammary gland. Using mammary organoids, we identified a role for ROCK protein in regulating branching morphogenesis, a role that manifests differently in organoids from different mammals. This finding demonstrates the utility of the 3D organoid model for understanding the evolution and adaptations of signaling pathways. These achievements highlight the potential for organoid models to expand our understanding of mammary gland biology and evolution, and their potential utility in studies of lactation or breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hahyung Y. Kim
- Department of Developmental, Chemical & Molecular Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ishani Sinha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen E. Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Chemical & Molecular Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Laboratory for the Convergence of Biomedical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Department of Developmental, Chemical & Molecular Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu Y, Shen W, Bai H, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Liu Z, Yang C, Sun S, Wang L, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. Roles of Y-27632 on sheep sperm metabolism. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae020. [PMID: 38263469 PMCID: PMC10889731 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Y-27632 on low-temperature metabolism of sheep sperm, different concentrations of Y-27632 were added to sheep semen at 4 °C in this experiment to detect indicators such as sperm motility, plasma membrane, acrosome, antioxidant performance, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and metabolomics. The results showed that the addition of 20 µM Y-27632 significantly increased sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity rate, acrosome integrity rate, antioxidant capacity, MMP level, significantly increased sperm adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total cholesterol content, and significantly reduced sperm Ca2+ content. In metabolomics analysis, compared with the control group, the 20 µM Y-27632 group screened 20 differential metabolites, mainly involved in five metabolic pathways, with the most significant difference in Histidine metabolism (P = 0.001). The results confirmed that Y-27632 significantly improved the quality of sheep sperm preservation under low-temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Haiyu Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zhikun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zibo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Shixin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdelhady AWA, Aguiar LH, Lee YL, Guo Z, Bovell RT, Crane PL, Diel de Amorim M, Cheong SH. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor improves outcomes of direct-transfer slow-cooled bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology 2023; 211:19-27. [PMID: 37556931 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct-transfer slow-cooling cryopreservation is a widely used method for bovine embryo cryopreservation. However, the transfer of cryopreserved embryos is associated with reduced pregnancy rates. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) has shown promise in improving the viability of post-warmed vitrified bovine embryos. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ROCKi treatment prior to slow-cooling or after cryopreservation on embryo viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos (n = 571) were randomly assigned to one of five groups: No-cryopreservation control group (NC-C), C-C group were cryopreserved by slow-rate cooling without ROCKi at any point, R-C group were incubated with ROCKi for 2 h before cryopreservation, C-R group were not exposed to ROCKi prior to cryopreservation but were cultured with ROCKi after cryopreservation, and R-R group were exposed to ROCKi before and after cryopreservation. Treatment group was significantly associated with blastocoel re-expansion, hatching, and degeneration (P < 0.0001). Blastocoel re-expansion rates were lower (P < 0.05) in the C-C (75.2 ± 4.2%) and R-C (85.2 ± 4.7%) groups compared with the NC-C (99.0 ± 0.7%), C-R (94.7 ± 2.6%) and the R-R (94.5 ± 2.9%) groups. The median time to re-expansion was significantly slowest in the C-C group (650, 560-915 min), followed by the R-C group (538, 421-611 min), then the C-R and R-R groups were similar (291, 261-361 and 321, 271-371 min) and the NC-C group was the fastest (196, 161-230 min) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the post-thaw hatching rate was lower, and the median time to hatching slower in the C-C (58.1 ± 7.0%, 2,033, 1634-2820 min) and R-C (65.7 ± 6.9%, 1,853, 1494-2356 min) groups compared with the NC-C (81.7 ± 6.0%, 1,309, 1084-1514 min), C-R (77.2 ± 6.5%, 1,384, 1013-1754 min) and R-R (82.0 ± 5.3%, 1,209, 943-1424 min) groups. ROCKi supplementation after cryopreservation resulted in fewer degenerated embryos (C-R = 8.9 ± 2.8%, and R-R 7.1 ± 2.8%) compared to the C-C (26.8 ± 4.3%) and R-C (17.9 ± 5.7%) groups. Exposure to ROCKi both before cryopreservation and after-cryopreservation yielded the best outcomes, similar to NC-C control group without cryopreservation, and significantly better than the C-C control group without supplements. Exposure to ROCKi after cryopreservation demonstrated greater benefits compared to exposure before cryopreservation alone. These findings suggest that ROCKi can potentially enhance cryosurvival of bovine embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Henrique Aguiar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yoke Lee Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rhasaan T Bovell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick L Crane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quadri R, Rotondo G, Sertic S, Pozzi S, dell’Oca MC, Guerrini L, Muzi-Falconi M. A Haspin-ARHGAP11A axis regulates epithelial morphogenesis through Rho-ROCK dependent modulation of LIMK1-Cofilin. iScience 2023; 26:108011. [PMID: 37841592 PMCID: PMC10570125 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout mitosis, a plethora of processes must be efficiently concerted to ensure cell proliferation and tissue functionality. The mitotic spindle does not only mediate chromosome segregation, but also defines the axis of cellular division, thus determining tissue morphology. Functional spindle orientation relies on precise actin dynamics, shaped in mitosis by the LIMK1-Cofilin axis. The kinase Haspin acts as a guardian of faithful chromosome segregation that ensures amphitelic chromosome attachment and prevents unscheduled cohesin cleavage. Here, we report an unprecedented role for Haspin in the determination of spindle orientation in mitosis. We show that, during mitosis, Haspin regulates Rho-ROCK activity through ARHGAP11A, a poorly characterized GAP, and that ROCK is in turn responsible for the mitotic activation of LIMK1 and stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton, thus supporting a functional spindle orientation. By exploiting 3D cell cultures, we show that this pathway is pivotal for the establishment of a morphologically functional tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Quadri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rotondo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Sertic
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pozzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Guerrini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin Y, Pal DS, Banerjee P, Banerjee T, Qin G, Deng Y, Borleis J, Iglesias PA, Devreotes PN. Ras-mediated homeostatic control of front-back signaling dictates cell polarity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555648. [PMID: 37693515 PMCID: PMC10491231 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies in the model systems, Dictyostelium amoebae and HL-60 neutrophils, have shown that local Ras activity directly regulates cell motility or polarity. Localized Ras activation on the membrane is spatiotemporally regulated by its activators, RasGEFs, and inhibitors, RasGAPs, which might be expected to create a stable 'front' and 'back', respectively, in migrating cells. Focusing on C2GAPB in amoebae and RASAL3 in neutrophils, we investigated how Ras activity along the cortex controls polarity. Since existing gene knockout and overexpression studies can be circumvented, we chose optogenetic approaches to assess the immediate, local effects of these Ras regulators on the cell cortex. In both cellular systems, optically targeting the respective RasGAPs to the cell front extinguished existing protrusions and changed the direction of migration, as might be expected. However, when the expression of C2GAPB was induced globally, amoebae polarized within hours. Furthermore, within minutes of globally recruiting either C2GAPB in amoebae or RASAL3 in neutrophils, each cell type polarized and moved more rapidly. Targeting the RasGAPs to the cell backs exaggerated these effects on migration and polarity. Overall, in both cell types, RasGAP-mediated polarization was brought about by increased actomyosin contractility at the back and sustained, localized F-actin polymerization at the front. These experimental results were accurately captured by computational simulations in which Ras levels control front and back feedback loops. The discovery that context-dependent Ras activity on the cell cortex has counterintuitive, unanticipated effects on cell polarity can have important implications for future drug-design strategies targeting oncogenic Ras.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yeo RW, Zhou OY, Zhong BL, Sun ED, Navarro Negredo P, Nair S, Sharmin M, Ruetz TJ, Wilson M, Kundaje A, Dunn AR, Brunet A. Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal defects in neural stem cell adhesion and migration during aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:866-893. [PMID: 37443352 PMCID: PMC10353944 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of brain stem cell niches deteriorates during aging. Yet the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we characterize genome-wide chromatin accessibility of neurogenic niche cells in vivo during aging. Interestingly, chromatin accessibility at adhesion and migration genes decreases with age in quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) but increases with age in activated (proliferative) NSCs. Quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposing adhesion behaviors during aging: quiescent NSCs become less adhesive, whereas activated NSCs become more adhesive. Old activated NSCs also show decreased migration in vitro and diminished mobilization out of the niche for neurogenesis in vivo. Using tension sensors, we find that aging increases force-producing adhesions in activated NSCs. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK reduces these adhesions, restores migration in old activated NSCs in vitro, and boosts neurogenesis in vivo. These results have implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs and for improving neurogenesis in the aged brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahfuza Sharmin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyson J Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Balaghi N, Erdemci-Tandogan G, McFaul C, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Myosin waves and a mechanical asymmetry guide the oscillatory migration of Drosophila cardiac progenitors. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00238-1. [PMID: 37295436 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart development begins with the formation of a tube as cardiac progenitors migrate from opposite sides of the embryo. Abnormal cardiac progenitor movements cause congenital heart defects. However, the mechanisms of cell migration during early heart development remain poorly understood. Using quantitative microscopy, we found that in Drosophila embryos, cardiac progenitors (cardioblasts) migrated through a sequence of forward and backward steps. Cardioblast steps were associated with oscillatory non-muscle myosin II waves that induced periodic shape changes and were necessary for timely heart tube formation. Mathematical modeling predicted that forward cardioblast migration required a stiff boundary at the trailing edge. Consistent with this, we found a supracellular actin cable at the trailing edge of the cardioblasts that limited the amplitude of the backward steps, thus biasing the direction of cell movement. Our results indicate that periodic shape changes coupled with a polarized actin cable produce asymmetrical forces that promote cardioblast migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Balaghi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Gonca Erdemci-Tandogan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christopher McFaul
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Glotfelty EJ, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Hsueh SC, Tweedie D, Li Y, Harvey BK, Hoffer BJ, Karlsson TE, Olson L, Greig NH. The RhoA-ROCK1/ROCK2 Pathway Exacerbates Inflammatory Signaling in Immortalized and Primary Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:1367. [PMID: 37408199 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a unifying factor among all acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we used immortalized microglial (IMG) cells and primary microglia (PMg) to understand the roles of the GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and its downstream targets Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) in neuroinflammation. We used a pan-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and a ROCK1- and ROCK2-specific inhibitor (RKI1447) to mitigate a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In both the IMG cells and PMg, each drug significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory protein production detected in media (TNF-α, IL-6, KC/GRO, and IL-12p70). In the IMG cells, this resulted from the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation and the blocking of neuroinflammatory gene transcription (iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6). Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of both compounds to block the dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin. In the IMG cells, RhoA activation with Nogo-P4 or narciclasine (Narc) exacerbated the inflammatory response to the LPS challenge. We utilized a siRNA approach to differentiate ROCK1 and ROCK2 activity during the LPS challenges and showed that the blockade of both proteins may mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of Y27632 and RKI1447. Using previously published data, we show that genes in the RhoA/ROCK signaling cascade are highly upregulated in the neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD) from APP/PS-1 transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. In addition to illuminating the specific roles of RhoA/ROCK signaling in neuroinflammation, we demonstrate the utility of using IMG cells as a model for primary microglia in cellular studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tobias E Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peh GSL, Bandeira F, Neo D, Adnan K, Hartono Y, Ong HS, Naso S, Venkatraman A, Gomes JAP, Kocaba V, Mehta JS. Effects of Rho-Associated Kinase (Rock) Inhibitors (Alternative to Y-27632) on Primary Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091307. [PMID: 37174707 PMCID: PMC10177577 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade impacts a wide array of cellular events. For cellular therapeutics, scalable expansion of primary human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is crucial, and the inhibition of ROCK signaling using a well characterized ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) Y-27632 had been shown to enhance overall endothelial cell yield. (2) In this study, we compared several classes of ROCK inhibitors to both ROCK-I and ROCK-II, using in silico binding simulation. We then evaluated nine ROCK inhibitors for their effects on primary CECs, before narrowing it down to the two most efficacious compounds-AR-13324 (Netarsudil) and its active metabolite, AR-13503-and assessed their impact on cellular proliferation in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the use of AR-13324 on the regenerative capacity of donor cornea with an ex vivo corneal wound closure model. Donor-matched control groups supplemented with Y-27632 were used for comparative analyses. (3) Our in silico simulation revealed that most of the compounds had stronger binding strength than Y-27632. Most of the nine ROCK inhibitors assessed worked within the concentrations of between 100 nM to 30 µM, with comparable adherence to that of Y-27632. Of note, both AR-13324 and AR-13503 showed better cellular adherence when compared to Y-27632. Similarly, the proliferation rates of CECs exposed to AR-13324 were comparable to those of Y-27632. Interestingly, CECs expanded in a medium supplemented with AR-13503 were significantly more proliferative in (i) untreated vs. AR-13503 (1 μM; * p < 0.05); (ii) untreated vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; *** p < 0.001); (iii) Y-27632 vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; ** p < 0.005); (iv) AR-13324 (1 μM) vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; ** p < 0.005); and (v) AR-13324 (0.1 μM) vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; * p < 0.05). Lastly, an ex vivo corneal wound healing study showed a comparable wound healing rate for the final healed area in corneas exposed to Y-27632 or AR-13324. (4) In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that various classes of ROCKi compounds other than Y-27632 were able to exert positive effects on primary CECs, and systematic donor-match controlled comparisons revealed that the FDA-approved ROCK inhibitor, AR-13324, is a potential candidate for cellular therapeutics or as an adjunct drug in regenerative treatment for corneal endothelial diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S L Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, São Gonçalo Eye Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 24421-005, Brazil
| | - Dawn Neo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Khadijah Adnan
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yossa Hartono
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Sacha Naso
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Anandalakshmi Venkatraman
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - José A P Gomes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, 3071AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santos JC, Profitós-Pelejà N, Sánchez-Vinces S, Roué G. RHOA Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030433. [PMID: 36766776 PMCID: PMC9914237 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primarily identified as an important regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, the small GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RHOA) has been implicated in the transduction of signals regulating a broad range of cellular functions such as cell survival, migration, adhesion and proliferation. Deregulated activity of RHOA has been linked to the growth, progression and metastasis of various cancer types. Recent cancer genome-wide sequencing studies have unveiled both RHOA gain and loss-of-function mutations in primary leukemia/lymphoma, suggesting that this GTPase may exert tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive functions depending on the cellular context. Based on these observations, RHOA signaling represents an attractive therapeutic target for the development of selective anticancer strategies. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying RHOA GTPase functions in immune regulation and in the development of hematological neoplasms and will discuss the current strategies aimed at modulating RHOA functions in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sánchez-Vinces
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 01246-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935572835
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Androgens and NGF Mediate the Neurite-Outgrowth through Inactivation of RhoA. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030373. [PMID: 36766714 PMCID: PMC9913450 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones and growth factors control neuritogenesis through their cognate receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. We have already shown that nerve growth factor and androgens induce neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells through a reciprocal crosstalk between the NGF receptor, TrkA and the androgen receptor. Here, we report that androgens or NGF induce neuritogenesis in PC12 cells through inactivation of RhoA. Ectopic expression of the dominant negative RhoA N19 promotes, indeed, the neurite-elongation of unchallenged and androgen- or NGF-challenged PC12 cells and the increase in the expression levels of βIII tubulin, a specific neuronal marker. Pharmacological inhibition of the Ser/Thr kinase ROCK, an RhoA effector, induces neuritogenesis in unchallenged PC12 cells, and potentiates the effect of androgens and NGF, confirming the role of RhoA/ROCK axis in the neuritogenesis induced by androgen and NGF, through the phosphorylation of Akt. These findings suggest that therapies based on new selective androgen receptor modulators and/or RhoA/ROCK inhibitors might exert beneficial effects in the treatment of neuro-disorders, neurological diseases and ageing-related processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chu S, Moujaber O, Lemay S, Stochaj U. Multiple pathways promote microtubule stabilization in senescent intestinal epithelial cells. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 36526654 PMCID: PMC9758230 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are critical for gastrointestinal homeostasis. However, their function declines during aging. The aging-related loss of organ performance is largely driven by the increase in senescent cells. To date, the hallmarks and molecular mechanisms related to cellular senescence are not fully understood. Microtubules control epithelial functions, and we identified microtubule stabilization as a phenotypic marker of senescent intestinal epithelial cells. The senescence inducer determined the pathway to microtubule stabilization. Specifically, enhanced microtubule stability was associated with α-tubulin hyperacetylation or increased abundance of the microtubule-binding protein tau. We show further that overexpression of MAPT, which encodes tau, augmented microtubule stability in intestinal epithelial cells. Notably, pharmacological microtubule stabilization was sufficient to induce cellular senescence. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control epithelial cell homeostasis. Our results support the concept that microtubule stability serves as a critical cue to trigger intestinal epithelial cell senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chu
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Ossama Moujaber
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Serge Lemay
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sung BJ, Lim SB, Yang WM, Kim JH, Kulkarni RN, Kim YB, Lee MK. ROCK1 regulates insulin secretion from β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101625. [PMID: 36374631 PMCID: PMC9649378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endocrine pancreatic β-cells play a pivotal role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation is a consistent feature in all forms of diabetes. However, knowledge of intracellular regulators that modulate β-cell function remains incomplete. We investigated the physiological role of ROCK1 in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Mice lacking ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells (RIP-Cre; ROCK1loxP/loxP, β-ROCK1-/-) were studied. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were measured. An insulin secretion response to a direct glucose or pyruvate or pyruvate kinase (PK) activator stimulation in isolated islets from β-ROCK1-/- mice or β-cell lines with knockdown of ROCK1 was also evaluated. A proximity ligation assay was performed to determine the physical interactions between PK and ROCK1. RESULTS Mice with a deficiency of ROCK1 in pancreatic β-cells exhibited significantly increased blood glucose levels and reduced serum insulin without changes in body weight. Interestingly, β-ROCK1-/- mice displayed a progressive impairment of glucose tolerance while maintaining insulin sensitivity mostly due to impaired GSIS. Consistently, GSIS markedly decreased in ROCK1-deficient islets and ROCK1 knockdown INS-1 cells. Concurrently, ROCK1 blockade led to a significant decrease in intracellular calcium and ATP levels and oxygen consumption rates in isolated islets and INS-1 cells. Treatment of ROCK1-deficient islets or ROCK1 knockdown β-cells either with pyruvate or a PK activator rescued the impaired GSIS. Mechanistically, we observed that glucose stimulation in β-cells greatly enhanced ROCK1 binding to PK. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that β-cell ROCK1 is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and for glucose homeostasis and that ROCK1 acts as an upstream regulator of glycolytic pyruvate kinase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Jun Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Bin Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang Y, Paivinen P, Xie C, Krup AL, Makela TP, Mostov KE, Reiter JF. Ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the digestive system to generate mechanical forces driving elongation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7186. [PMID: 34893605 PMCID: PMC8664829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How tubular organs elongate is poorly understood. We found that attenuated ciliary Hedgehog signaling in the gut wall impaired patterning of the circumferential smooth muscle and inhibited proliferation and elongation of developing intestine and esophagus. Similarly, ablation of gut-wall smooth muscle cells reduced lengthening. Disruption of ciliary Hedgehog signaling or removal of smooth muscle reduced residual stress within the gut wall and decreased activity of the mechanotransductive effector YAP. Removing YAP in the mesenchyme also reduced proliferation and elongation, but without affecting smooth muscle formation, suggesting that YAP interprets the smooth muscle-generated force to promote longitudinal growth. Additionally, we developed an intestinal culture system that recapitulates the requirements for cilia and mechanical forces in elongation. Pharmacologically activating YAP in this system restored elongation of cilia-deficient intestines. Thus, our results reveal that ciliary Hedgehog signaling patterns the circumferential smooth muscle to generate radial mechanical forces that activate YAP and elongate the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pekka Paivinen
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomi P Makela
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE-Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith E Mostov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karbalaie K, Kiani-Esfahani A, Rasouli K, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have mitochondrial transfer ability in stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) co-culture system. Neurosci Lett 2021; 769:136392. [PMID: 34902517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA): which means these stromal cells induce neural differentiation where they are used as a substratum for embryonic stem cell (ESCs) culture. Recent studies show that mitochondria or mitochondrial products, as paracrine factors, can be released and transferred from one cell to another. With this information, we were curious to know whether in the SDIA co-culture system, SHED release or donate their mitochondria to ESCs. For this purpose, before co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria and ESCs s' cell membranes were separately labeled with specific fluorescent probes. After co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria were tracked by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry analysis. Co-culture also performed in the presence of inhibitors that block probable transfer pathways suchlike tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions or vesicles. Results showed that mitochondrial transfer takes place from SHED to ESCs. This transfer partly occurs by tunneling nanotubes and not through gap junctions or vesicles; also was not dependent on intracellular calcium level. This kind of horizontal gene transfer may open a new prospect for further research on probable role of mitochondria on fate choice and neural induction processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Karbalaie
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Rasouli
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hong L, Chen W, He L, Tan H, Peng D, Zhao G, Shi X, Wang L, Liu M, Jiang H. Effect of Naoluoxintong on the NogoA/RhoA/ROCK pathway by down-regulating DNA methylation in MCAO rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114559. [PMID: 34461189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Naoluoxintong (NLXT) is a traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription that is clinically used in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To obtain the mechanism of NLXT by observing the protective effects of NLXT on the NogoA/RhoA/Rock pathway in a rat model of IS by regulating DNA methylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into five groups using a random number table: normal group, model group, NLXT group, blocker group I (NLXT + SGI-1027) and blocker group II (NLXT + Y27632). The right middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was made, and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of each group was detected using laser Doppler. The methylation levels of CpG sites of neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A), Nogo receptor (NgR), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) genes in rat brain tissue were detected using the bisulfite method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 mRNA expression in rat brain tissue. NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 proteins were detected using immunoblotting in rat brain tissue. RESULTS After the modeling of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), neurological deficit test was made to ensure the success of the modeling. At each time point after surgery, the rCBF of the other groups decreased compared with the normal group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the rCBF increased in blocker group I as well as blocker group II after 3 days (P < 0.05). There were differences in the DNA methylation sites of NogoA, RhoA, NgR and ROCK2 genes between the model group and the NLXT group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, NogoA, NgR1, NgR2, RhoA and ROCK2 gene expression in the model group increased observably (P < 0.01). In comparison with the model group, NogoA and NgR1 gene expression in the blocker group II was prominently observed on the 1st day. NogoA, NgR1, NgR2, RhoA and ROCK2 gene expression remarkably reduced (P < 0.01) on the 3rd and 7th days. Compared with the normal group, NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 protein expression in the model group increased observably (P < 0.01). In comparison with the model group, NogoA, RhoA, NgR1, NgR2 and ROCK2 protein expression in the other groups declined prominently (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION NLXT can reduce the DNA methylation level of NogoA pathway after IS, thus inhibit the expression of NogoA/RhoA/ROCK pathway from producing anti-cerebral ischemia pharmacological effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaibei People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Synthesis, Characterization and Employed Doxycycline Capped Gold Nanoparticles on TRP Channel Expressions in SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cells and Antimicrobial Activity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
23
|
Sousa-Lima I, Kim HJ, Jones J, Kim YB. Rho-Kinase as a Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:655-674. [PMID: 34610720 PMCID: PMC8497927 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common form of chronic liver disease, affecting 25% of the global population. Although NAFLD is closely linked with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge on its pathogenesis remains incomplete. Emerging data have underscored the importance of Rho-kinase (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase [ROCK]) action in the maintenance of normal hepatic lipid homeostasis. In particular, pharmacological blockade of ROCK in hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells prevents the progression of liver diseases such as NAFLD and fibrosis. Moreover, mice lacking hepatic ROCK1 are protected against obesity-induced fatty liver diseases by suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Here we review the roles of ROCK as an indispensable regulator of obesity-induced fatty liver disease and highlight the key cellular pathway governing hepatic lipid accumulation, with focus on de novo lipogenesis and its impact on therapeutic potential. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic milieu linking to liver dysfunction triggered by ROCK activation may help identify new targets for treating fatty liver diseases such as NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Sousa-Lima
- CEDOC-Chronic Disease Research Center, NOVA Medical School/ Faculty of Medical Sciences, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Marquis of Pombal Square, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author: Young-Bum Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-6330 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) facilitate the function of maintaining the transparency of the cornea. Damage or dysfunction of CECs can lead to blindness, and the primary treatment is corneal transplantation. However, the shortage of cornea donors is a significant problem worldwide. Thus, cultured CEC therapy has been proposed and found to be a promising approach to overcome the lack of tissue supply. Unfortunately, CECs in humans rarely proliferate in vivo and, therefore, can be extremely challenging to culture in vitro. Several promising cell isolation and culture techniques have been proposed. Multiple factors affecting the success of cell expansion including donor characteristics, preservation and isolation methods, plating density, media preparation, transdifferentiation and biomarkers have been evaluated. However, there is no consensus on standard technique for CEC culture. This review aimed to determine the challenges and investigate potential options that would facilitate the standardization of CEC culture for research and therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintra Wongvisavavit
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine & Public Health, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu JC, Balaghi N, Erdemci-Tandogan G, Castle V, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Myosin cables control the timing of tissue internalization in the Drosophila embryo. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203721. [PMID: 34271226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compartment boundaries prevent cell mixing during animal development. In the early Drosophila embryo, the mesectoderm is a group of glial precursors that separate ectoderm and mesoderm, forming the ventral midline. Mesectoderm cells undergo one round of oriented divisions during axis elongation and are eventually internalized 6 h later. Using spinning disk confocal microscopy and image analysis, we found that after dividing, mesectoderm cells reversed their planar polarity. The polarity factor Bazooka was redistributed to mesectoderm-mesectoderm cell interfaces, and the molecular motor non-muscle Myosin II and its upstream activator Rho-kinase (Rok) accumulated at mesectoderm-ectoderm (ME) interfaces, forming supracellular cables flanking the mesectoderm on either side of the tissue. Laser ablation revealed the presence of increased tension at ME cables, where Myosin was stabilized, as shown by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We used laser nanosurgery to reduce tension at the ME boundary, and we found that Myosin fluorescence decreased rapidly, suggesting a role for tension in ME boundary maintenance. Mathematical modelling predicted that increased tension at the ME boundary was necessary to prevent the premature establishment of contacts between the two ectodermal sheets on opposite sides of the mesectoderm, thus controlling the timing of mesectoderm internalization. We validated the model in vivo: Myosin inhibition disrupted the linearity of the ME boundary and resulted in early internalization of the mesectoderm. Our results suggest that the redistribution of Rok polarizes Myosin and Bazooka within the mesectoderm to establish tissue boundaries, and that ME boundaries control the timely internalization of the mesectoderm as embryos develop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Negar Balaghi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Gonca Erdemci-Tandogan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Veronica Castle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hypertension and reproductive dysfunction: a possible role of inflammation and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in gonads. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3237-3257. [PMID: 33346358 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that leads to end organ damage especially affecting the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between hypertension and impaired sexual health, in both men and women. The detrimental effects of hypertension in men includes erectile dysfunction, decrease in semen volume, sperm count and motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Similarly, hypertensive females exhibit decreased vaginal lubrication, reduced orgasm, and several complications in pregnancy leading to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of hypertension on male and female fertility is attributed to hormonal imbalance and changes in the gonadal vasculature. However, mechanistic studies investigating the impact of hypertension on gonads in more detail on a molecular basis remain scarce. Hence, the aim of the current review is to address and summarize the effects of hypertension on reproductive health, and highlight the importance of research on the effects of hypertension on gonadal inflammation and lymphatics.
Collapse
|
27
|
Functional and Therapeutic Relevance of Rho GTPases in Innate Immune Cell Migration and Function during Inflammation: An In Silico Perspective. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655412. [PMID: 33628114 PMCID: PMC7896857 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic regulation of leukocyte migration to the site of infection is a vital step during immunological responses. Improper migration and localization of immune cells could be associated with disease pathology as seen in systemic inflammation. Rho GTPases act as molecular switches during inflammatory cell migration by cycling between Rho-GDP (inactive) to Rho-GTP (active) forms and play an essential role in the precise regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics as well as other immunological functions of leukocytes. Available reports suggest that the dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is associated with various inflammatory diseases ranging from mild to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the step-by-step activation and inactivation of GTPases and the functioning of different Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) and GTPase-Activating Proteins (GAPs) that regulate the conversion of GDP to GTP and GTP to GDP exchange reactions, respectively. Here, we describe the molecular organization and activation of various domains of crucial elements associated with the activation of Rho GTPases using solved PDB structures. We will also present the latest evidence available on the relevance of Rho GTPases in the migration and function of innate immune cells during inflammation. This knowledge will help scientists design promising drug candidates against the Rho-GTPase-centric regulatory molecules regulating inflammatory cell migration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rico P, Rodrigo-Navarro A, Sánchez Pérez L, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Borax induces osteogenesis by stimulating NaBC1 transporter via activation of BMP pathway. Commun Biol 2020; 3:717. [PMID: 33247189 PMCID: PMC7695834 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them ideal candidates for tissue engineering applications. Efforts have been made to control MSC behavior by using material systems to engineer synthetic extracellular matrices and/or include soluble factors in the media. This work proposes a simple approach based on ion transporter stimulation to determine stem cell fate that avoids the use of growth factors. Addition of borax alone, transported by the NaBC1-transporter, enhanced MSC adhesion and contractility, promoted osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis. Stimulated-NaBC1 promoted osteogenesis via the BMP canonical pathway (comprising Smad1/YAP nucleus translocation and osteopontin expression) through a mechanism that involves simultaneous NaBC1/BMPR1A and NaBC1/α5β1/αvβ3 co-localization. We describe an original function for NaBC1 transporter, besides controlling borate homeostasis, capable of stimulating growth factor receptors and fibronectin-binding integrins. Our results open up new biomaterial engineering approaches for biomedical applications by a cost-effective strategy that avoids the use of soluble growth factors. Rico et al. propose a simple approach based on borax stimulation of NaBC1 transporter, which enhances FN-binding integrin-dependent mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and contractility, promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Osteogenic differentiation depends on activation of the BMP pathway through a mechanism that involves simultaneous co-localization of NaBC1 with FN-binding integrins and BMPR1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rico
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Laura Sánchez Pérez
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu X, Wang S, Li M, Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Pang J, Wen Q, Chen M, Wei B, Kaboli PJ, Du F, Zhao Q, Cho CH, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Wu X. Conditional reprogramming: next generation cell culture. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1360-1381. [PMID: 32963937 PMCID: PMC7488362 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3T3-J2 fibroblast
- AACR, American Association for Cancer Research
- ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma
- AR, androgen receptor
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators
- CR, conditional reprogramming
- CYPs, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- Conditional reprogramming
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- HCMI, human cancer model initiatives
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNE, human nasal epithelial
- HPV, human papillomaviruses
- ICD, intracellular domain
- LECs, limbal epithelial cells
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NSG, NOD/SCID/gamma
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A
- RB, retinoblastoma-associated protein
- ROCK
- ROCK, Rho kinase
- SV40, simian virus 40 large tumor antigen
- Senescence
- UVB, ultraviolet radiation b
- Y-27632
- dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- hASC, human adipose stem cells
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- iPSCs, induction of pluripotent stem cells
- ΔNP63α, N-terminal truncated form of P63α
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Center of Radiation Oncology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wilson E, Rudisill T, Kirk B, Johnson C, Kemper P, Newell-Litwa K. Cytoskeletal regulation of synaptogenesis in a model of human fetal brain development. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:2148-2165. [PMID: 32713041 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory synapse formation begins in mid-fetal gestation. However, due to our inability to image fetal synaptogenesis, the initial formation of synapses remains understudied. The recent development of human fetal brain spheroids provides access to this critical period of synapse formation. Using human neurons and brain spheroids, we address how altered actin regulation impacts the formation of excitatory synapses during fetal brain development. Prior to synapse formation, inhibition of RhoA kinase (ROCK) signaling promotes neurite elongation and branching. In addition to increasing neural complexity, ROCK inhibition increases the length of protrusions along the neurite, ultimately promoting excitatory synapse formation in human cortical brain spheroids. A corresponding increase in Rac1-driven actin polymerization drives this increase in excitatory synaptogenesis. Using STORM super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that actomyosin regulators, including the Rac1 regulator, α-PIX, and the RhoA regulator, p115-RhoGEF, localize to nascent excitatory synapses, where they preferentially localize to postsynaptic compartments. These results demonstrate that coordinated RhoGTPase activities underlie the initial formation of excitatory synapses and identify critical cytoskeletal regulators of early synaptogenic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wilson
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Taylor Rudisill
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brenna Kirk
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Colin Johnson
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Paige Kemper
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Karen Newell-Litwa
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Role of ROCK/NF‑κB/AQP8 signaling in ethanol‑induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2253-2262. [PMID: 32705263 PMCID: PMC7411333 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction. Therefore, an in vitro experimental model of IEB was established using an ethanol-treated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. The results confirmed that Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs), namely ROCK1 and ROCK2, were involved in the underlying pathway of ethanol-induced IEB dysfunction. Ethanol exposure significantly increased the expression of both ROCK isoforms and the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, ROCK1- and ROCK2-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and the NF-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partially inhibited transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 cells in an in vitro IEB model. In addition, ROCK1- and ROCK2-specific siRNAs inhibited the activity of NF-κB, thereby downregulating the expression of aquaporin 8 (AQP8). Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that ROCK1/ROCK2-mediated activation of NF-κB and upregulation of AQP8 expression levels may represent a novel mechanism of ethanol-induced impairment of IEB function.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gastreich-Seelig M, Jimenez M, Pouokam E. Mechanisms Associated to Nitroxyl (HNO)-Induced Relaxation in the Intestinal Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32581821 PMCID: PMC7283591 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of nitroxyl (HNO) donors in the gastrointestinal tract are unknown. We investigated the properties of this molecule in the regulation of gastrointestinal contractility focusing on its possible interaction with other gaseous signaling molecules such as NO and H2S. Organ bath, Ca2+ imaging, and microelectrode recordings were performed on rat intestinal samples, using Angeli’s salt as HNO donor. Angeli’s salt caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of longitudinal or circular muscle strips of the ileum and the proximal colon. This relaxation was strongly inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM), by the reducing agent DTT or by the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) ODQ (10 μM) alone or in combination with the inhibitors of the endogenous synthesis of H2S β-cyano-L-alanine (5 mM) and amino-oxyacetate (5 mM). Preventing endogenous synthesis of NO by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 μM) did not affect the relaxation induced by HNO. HNO induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in colonic myocytes. It also elicited myocyte membrane hyperpolarization that amounted to −10.6 ± 1.1 mV. ODQ (10 μM) and Apamin (1 μM), a selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKca), strongly antagonized this effect. We conclude that HNO relaxes the gastrointestinal tract musculature by hyperpolarizing myocytes via activation of the sGC/cGMP pathway similarly to NO, not only inhibiting the RhoK and activating MLCP as do both NO and H2S but also increasing cytosolic Ca2+ for activation of SKCa contributing to hyperpolarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gastreich-Seelig
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ervice Pouokam
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dang LT, Glanowska KM, Iffland Ii PH, Barnes AE, Baybis M, Liu Y, Patino G, Vaid S, Streicher AM, Parker WE, Kim S, Moon UY, Henry FE, Murphy GG, Sutton M, Parent JM, Crino PB. Multimodal Analysis of STRADA Function in Brain Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:122. [PMID: 32457579 PMCID: PMC7227375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
mTORopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by malformations of cortical development (MCD), enhanced cellular mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and epilepsy that results from mutations in mTOR pathway regulatory genes. Homozygous mutations (del exon 9–13) in the pseudokinase STE20-related kinase adaptor alpha (STRAD-α; STRADA), an mTOR modulator, are associated with Pretzel Syndrome (PS), a neurodevelopmental disorder within the Old Order Mennonite Community characterized by megalencephaly, intellectual disability, and intractable epilepsy. To study the cellular mechanisms of STRADA loss, we generated CRISPR-edited Strada mouse N2a cells, a germline mouse Strada knockout (KO−/−) strain, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from PS individuals harboring the STRADA founder mutation. Strada KO in vitro leads to enhanced mTOR signaling and iPSC-derived neurons from PS individuals exhibit enhanced cell size and mTOR signaling activation, as well as subtle alterations in electrical firing properties e.g., increased input resistance, a more depolarized resting membrane potential, and decreased threshold for action potential (AP) generation. Strada−/− mice exhibit high rates of perinatal mortality and out of more than 100 litters yielding both WT and heterozygous pups, only eight Strada−/− animals survived past P5. Strada−/− mice are hypotonic and tremulous. Histopathological examination (n = 5 mice) revealed normal gross brain organization and lamination but all had ventriculomegaly. Ectopic neurons were seen in all five Strada−/− brains within the subcortical white matter mirroring what is observed in human PS brain tissue. These distinct experimental platforms demonstrate that STRADA modulates mTOR signaling and is a key regulator of cell size, neuronal excitability, and cortical lamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis T Dang
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katarzyna M Glanowska
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Philip H Iffland Ii
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Allan E Barnes
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marianna Baybis
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gustavo Patino
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shivanshi Vaid
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Whitney E Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Louis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Uk Yeol Moon
- Louis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Frederick E Henry
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular, and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular, and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Sutton
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Molecular, and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Landry T, Shookster D, Huang H. Tissue-Specific Approaches Reveal Diverse Metabolic Functions of Rho-Kinase 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:622581. [PMID: 33633690 PMCID: PMC7901932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.622581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) has been implicated in diverse metabolic functions throughout the body, with promising evidence identifying ROCK1 as a therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. Considering these metabolic roles, several pharmacological inhibitors have been developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ROCK1 function. Y27632 and fasudil are two common ROCK1 inhibitors; however, they have varying non-specific selectivity to inhibit other AGC kinase subfamily members and whole-body pharmacological approaches lack tissue-specific insight. As a result, interpretation of studies with these inhibitors is difficult, and alternative approaches are needed to elucidate ROCK1's tissue specific metabolic functions. Fortunately, recent technological advances utilizing molecular carriers or genetic manipulation have facilitated discovery of ROCK1's tissue-specific mechanisms of action. In this article, we review the tissue-specific roles of ROCK1 in the regulation of energy balance and substrate utilization. We highlight prominent metabolic roles in liver, adipose, and skeletal muscle, in which ROCK1 regulates energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism via inhibition of AMPK2α and paradoxical modulation of insulin signaling. Compared to ROCK1's roles in peripheral tissues, we also describe contradictory functions of ROCK1 in the hypothalamus to increase energy expenditure and decrease food intake via leptin signaling. Furthermore, dysregulated ROCK1 activity in either of these tissues results in metabolic disease phenotypes. Overall, tissue-specific approaches have made great strides in deciphering the many critical metabolic functions of ROCK1 and, ultimately, may facilitate the development of novel treatments for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Shookster
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Hu Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neubert E, Bach KM, Busse J, Bogeski I, Schön MP, Kruss S, Erpenbeck L. Blue and Long-Wave Ultraviolet Light Induce in vitro Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2428. [PMID: 31708915 PMCID: PMC6823194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are produced by neutrophilic granulocytes and consist of decondensed chromatin decorated with antimicrobial peptides. They defend the organism against intruders and are released upon various stimuli including pathogens, mediators of inflammation, or chemical triggers. NET formation is also involved in inflammatory, cardiovascular, malignant diseases, and autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In many autoimmune diseases like SLE or dermatomyositis, light of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum is well-known to trigger and aggravate disease severity. However, the underlying connection between NET formation, light exposure, and disease exacerbation remains elusive. We studied the effect of UVA (375 nm), blue (470 nm) and green (565 nm) light on NETosis in human neutrophils ex vivo. Our results show a dose- and wavelength-dependent induction of NETosis. Light-induced NETosis depended on the generation of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by riboflavin excitation and its subsequent reaction with tryptophan. The light-induced NETosis required both neutrophil elastase (NE) as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activation and induced histone citrullination. These findings suggest that NET formation as a response to light could be the hitherto missing link between elevated susceptibility to NET formation in autoimmune patients and photosensitivity for example in SLE and dermatomyositis patients. This novel connection could provide a clue for a deeper understanding of light-sensitive diseases in general and for the development of new pharmacological strategies to avoid disease exacerbation upon light exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Neubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Marie Bach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Busse
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guan Z, Baty JJ, Zhang S, Remedies CE, Inscho EW. Rho kinase inhibitors reduce voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel signaling in aortic and renal microvascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1132-F1141. [PMID: 31432708 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00212.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (L-VDCCs) and the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway are two predominant intracellular signaling pathways that regulate renal microvascular reactivity. Traditionally, these two pathways have been thought to act independently; however, recent evidence suggests that these pathways could be convergent. We hypothesized that Rho kinase inhibitors can influence L-VDCC signaling. The effects of Rho kinase inhibitors Y-27632 or RKI-1447 on KCl-induced depolarization or the L-VDCC agonist Bay K8644 were assessed in afferent arterioles using an in vitro blood-perfused rat juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Superfusion of KCl (30-90 mM) led to concentration-dependent vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. Administration of Y-27632 (1, 5, and 10 µM) or RKI-1447 (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) significantly increased the starting diameter by 16-65%. KCl-induced vasoconstriction was markedly attenuated with 5 and 10 µM Y-27632 and with 10 µM RKI-1447 (P < 0.05 vs. KCl alone). Y-27632 (5 µM) also significantly attenuated Bay K8644-induced vasoconstriction (P < 0.05). Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were estimated by fura-2 fluorescence during KCl-induced depolarization in cultured A7r5 cells and in freshly isolated preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells. Administration of 90 mM KCl significantly increased fura-2 fluorescence in both cell types. KCl-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]i in A7r5 cells was suppressed by 1-10 µM Y-27632 (P < 0.05), but 10 µM Y-27632 was required to suppress Ca2+ responses in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells. RKI-1447, however, significantly attenuated KCl-mediated elevation of [Ca2+]i. Y-27632 markedly inhibited Bay K8644-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in both cell types. The results of the present study indicate that the Rho kinase inhibitors Y-27632 and RKI-1447 can partially inhibit L-VDCC function and participate in L-VDCC signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Guan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua J Baty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shali Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Colton E Remedies
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
RHO Family GTPases in the Biology of Lymphoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070646. [PMID: 31248017 PMCID: PMC6678807 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPases are a class of small molecules involved in the regulation of several cellular processes that belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily. The RHO family of GTPases includes several members that are further divided into two different groups: typical and atypical. Both typical and atypical RHO GTPases are critical transducers of intracellular signaling and have been linked to human cancer. Significantly, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations have been described in human tumors with contradicting roles depending on the cell context. The RAS family of GTPases that also belong to the RAS GTPase superfamily like the RHO GTPases, includes arguably the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers (K-RAS, N-RAS, and H-RAS) but has been extensively described elsewhere. This review focuses on the role of RHO family GTPases in human lymphoma initiation and progression.
Collapse
|
38
|
Amin F, Ahmed A, Feroz A, Khaki PSS, Khan MS, Tabrez S, Zaidi SK, Abdulaal WH, Shamsi A, Khan W, Bano B. An Update on the Association of Protein Kinases with Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:174-183. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190312115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Protein kinases are the enzymes involved in phosphorylation of different proteins which
leads to functional changes in those proteins. They belong to serine-threonine kinases family and are classified
into the AGC (Protein kinase A/ Protein kinase G/ Protein kinase C) families of protein and Rho-associated
kinase protein (ROCK). The AGC family of kinases are involved in G-protein stimuli, muscle contraction, platelet
biology and lipid signaling. On the other hand, ROCK regulates actin cytoskeleton which is involved in the
development of stress fibres. Inflammation is the main signal in all ROCK-mediated disease. It triggers the cascade
of a reaction involving various proinflammatory cytokine molecules.
Methods:
Two ROCK isoforms are found in mammals and invertebrates. The first isoforms are present mainly in
the kidney, lung, spleen, liver, and testis. The second one is mainly distributed in the brain and heart.
Results:
ROCK proteins are ubiquitously present in all tissues and are involved in many ailments that include
hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, vasospasm, ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart
failure. Several ROCK inhibitors have shown positive results in the treatment of various disease including cardiovascular
diseases.
Conclusion:
ROCK inhibitors, fasudil and Y27632, have been reported for significant efficiency in dropping
vascular smooth muscle cell hyper-contraction, vascular inflammatory cell recruitment, cardiac remodelling and
endothelial dysfunction which highlight ROCK role in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhra Amin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Anna Feroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | | | - Mohd Shahnwaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Wajihullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abbasgholizadeh R, Zhang H, Craft JW, Bryan RM, Bark SJ, Briggs JM, Fox RO, Agarkov A, Zimmer WE, Gilbertson SR, Schwartz RJ. Discovery of vascular Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitory peptides. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:940-951. [PMID: 31132884 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219849581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasgholizadeh
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - John W Craft
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert M Bryan
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven J Bark
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - James M Briggs
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert O Fox
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Anton Agarkov
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Warren E Zimmer
- 5 Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Scott R Gilbertson
- 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- 1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA.,2 Texas Medical Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Foyt DA, Taheem DK, Ferreira SA, Norman MDA, Petzold J, Jell G, Grigoriadis AE, Gentleman E. Hypoxia impacts human MSC response to substrate stiffness during chondrogenic differentiation. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:73-83. [PMID: 30844569 PMCID: PMC6481516 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies often aim to direct tissue formation by mimicking conditions progenitor cells experience within native tissues. For example, to create cartilage in vitro, researchers often aim to replicate the biochemical and mechanical milieu cells experience during cartilage formation in the developing limb bud. This includes stimulating progenitors with TGF-β1/3, culturing under hypoxic conditions, and regulating mechanosensory pathways using biomaterials that control substrate stiffness and/or cell shape. However, as progenitors differentiate down the chondrogenic lineage, the pathways that regulate their responses to mechanotransduction, hypoxia and TGF-β may not act independently, but rather also impact one another, influencing overall cell response. Here, to better understand hypoxia's influence on mechanoregulatory-mediated chondrogenesis, we cultured human marrow stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on soft (0.167 kPa) or stiff (49.6 kPa) polyacrylamide hydrogels in chondrogenic medium containing TGF-β3. We then compared cell morphology, phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 staining, and chondrogenic gene expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, in the presence and absence of pharmacological inhibition of cytoskeletal tension. We show that on soft compared to stiff substrates, hypoxia prompts hMSC to adopt more spread morphologies, assemble in compact mesenchymal condensation-like colonies, and upregulate NCAM expression, and that inhibition of cytoskeletal tension negates hypoxia-mediated upregulation of molecular markers of chondrogenesis, including COL2A1 and SOX9. Taken together, our findings support a role for hypoxia in regulating hMSC morphology, cytoskeletal tension and chondrogenesis, and that hypoxia's effects are modulated, at least in part, by mechanosensitive pathways. Our insights into how hypoxia impacts mechanoregulation of chondrogenesis in hMSC may improve strategies to develop tissue engineered cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cartilage tissue engineering strategies often aim to drive progenitor cell differentiation by replicating the local environment of the native tissue, including by regulating oxygen concentration and mechanical stiffness. However, the pathways that regulate cellular responses to mechanotransduction and hypoxia may not act independently, but rather also impact one another. Here, we show that on soft, but not stiff surfaces, hypoxia impacts human MSC (hMSC) morphology and colony formation, and inhibition of cytoskeletal tension negates the hypoxia-mediated upregulation of molecular markers of chondrogenesis. These observations suggest that hypoxia's effects during hMSC chondrogenesis are modulated, at least in part, by mechanosensitive pathways, and may impact strategies to develop scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, as hypoxia's chondrogenic effects may be enhanced on soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Foyt
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dheraj K Taheem
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Silvia A Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael D A Norman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonna Petzold
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Feng X, Arang N, Rigiracciolo DC, Lee JS, Yeerna H, Wang Z, Lubrano S, Kishore A, Pachter JA, König GM, Maggiolini M, Kostenis E, Schlaepfer DD, Tamayo P, Chen Q, Ruppin E, Gutkind JS. A Platform of Synthetic Lethal Gene Interaction Networks Reveals that the GNAQ Uveal Melanoma Oncogene Controls the Hippo Pathway through FAK. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:457-472.e5. [PMID: 30773340 PMCID: PMC6737937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in GNAQ/GNA11, encoding Gαq G proteins, are initiating oncogenic events in uveal melanoma (UM). However, there are no effective therapies for UM. Using an integrated bioinformatics pipeline, we found that PTK2, encoding focal adhesion kinase (FAK), represents a candidate synthetic lethal gene with GNAQ activation. We show that Gαq activates FAK through TRIO-RhoA non-canonical Gαq-signaling, and genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of FAK inhibits UM growth. Analysis of the FAK-regulated transcriptome demonstrated that GNAQ stimulates YAP through FAK. Dissection of the underlying mechanism revealed that FAK regulates YAP by tyrosine phosphorylation of MOB1, inhibiting core Hippo signaling. Our findings establish FAK as a potential therapeutic target for UM and other Gαq-driven pathophysiologies that involve unrestrained YAP function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Feng
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nadia Arang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Damiano Cosimo Rigiracciolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology & Department of Computer Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simone Lubrano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ayush Kishore
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Gabriele M König
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology & Department of Computer Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brasch ME, Passucci G, Gulvady AC, Turner CE, Manning ML, Henderson JH. Nuclear position relative to the Golgi body and nuclear orientation are differentially responsive indicators of cell polarized motility. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211408. [PMID: 30759123 PMCID: PMC6373915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is critical to biological processes from wound healing to cancer metastasis to embryonic development. The involvement of organelles in cell motility is well established, but the role of organelle positional reorganization in cell motility remains poorly understood. Here we present an automated image analysis technique for tracking the shape and motion of Golgi bodies and cell nuclei. We quantify the relationship between nuclear orientation and the orientation of the Golgi body relative to the nucleus before, during, and after exposure of mouse fibroblasts to a controlled change in cell substrate topography, from flat to wrinkles, designed to trigger polarized motility. We find that the cells alter their mean nuclei orientation, in terms of the nuclear major axis, to increasingly align with the wrinkle direction once the wrinkles form on the substrate surface. This change in alignment occurs within 8 hours of completion of the topographical transition. In contrast, the position of the Golgi body relative to the nucleus remains aligned with the pre-programmed wrinkle direction, regardless of whether it has been fully established. These findings indicate that intracellular positioning of the Golgi body precedes nuclear reorientation during mouse fibroblast directed migration on patterned substrates. We further show that both processes are Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) mediated as they are abolished by pharmacologic ROCK inhibition whereas mouse fibroblast motility is unaffected. The automated image analysis technique introduced could be broadly employed in the study of polarization and other cellular processes in diverse cell types and micro-environments. In addition, having found that the nuclei Golgi vector may be a more sensitive indicator of substrate features than the nuclei orientation, we anticipate the nuclei Golgi vector to be a useful metric for researchers studying the dynamics of cell polarity in response to different micro-environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Brasch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Passucci
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Anushree C. Gulvady
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - M. Lisa Manning
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - James H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaindl J, Meiser I, Majer J, Sommer A, Krach F, Katsen-Globa A, Winkler J, Zimmermann H, Neubauer JC, Winner B. Zooming in on Cryopreservation of hiPSCs and Neural Derivatives: A Dual-Center Study Using Adherent Vitrification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:247-259. [PMID: 30456912 PMCID: PMC6392398 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an important tool for research and regenerative medicine, but their efficient cryopreservation remains a major challenge. The current gold standard is slow‐rate freezing of dissociated colonies in suspension, but low recovery rates limit immediate post‐thawing applicability. We tested whether ultrafast cooling by adherent vitrification improves post‐thawing survival in a selection of hiPSCs and small molecule neural precursor cells (smNPCs) from Parkinson's disease and controls. In a dual‐center study, we compared the results by immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis, and RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq). Adherent vitrification was achieved in the so‐called TWIST substrate, a device combining cultivation, vitrification, storage, and post‐thawing cultivation. Adherent vitrification resulted in preserved confluency and significantly higher cell numbers, and viability at day 1 after thawing, while results were not significantly different at day 4 after thawing. RNA‐seq and ICC of hiPSCs revealed no change in gene expression and pluripotency markers, indicating that physical damage of slow‐rate freezing disrupts cellular membranes. Scanning electron microscopy showed preserved colony integrity by adherent vitrification. Experiments using smNPCs demonstrated that adherent vitrification is also applicable to neural derivatives of hiPSCs. Our data suggest that, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art slow‐rate freezing in suspension, adherent vitrification is an improved cryopreservation technique for hiPSCs and derivatives. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:247&259
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kaindl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia Majer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Annika Sommer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Alisa Katsen-Globa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.,Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang H, Lee SH, Sousa-Lima I, Kim SS, Hwang WM, Dagon Y, Yang WM, Cho S, Kang MC, Seo JA, Shibata M, Cho H, Belew GD, Bhin J, Desai BN, Ryu MJ, Shong M, Li P, Meng H, Chung BH, Hwang D, Kim MS, Park KS, Macedo MP, White M, Jones J, Kim YB. Rho-kinase/AMPK axis regulates hepatic lipogenesis during overnutrition. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5335-5350. [PMID: 30226474 DOI: 10.1172/jci63562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common form of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with insulin resistance, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, knowledge of the intracellular regulators of obesity-linked fatty liver disease remains incomplete. Here we showed that hepatic Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) drives obesity-induced steatosis in mice through stimulation of de novo lipogenesis. Mice lacking ROCK1 in the liver were resistant to diet-induced obesity owing to increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene expression. Constitutive expression of hepatic ROCK1 was sufficient to promote adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. Correspondingly, liver-specific ROCK1 deletion prevented the development of severe hepatic steatosis and reduced hyperglycemia in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Of pathophysiological significance, hepatic ROCK1 was markedly upregulated in humans with fatty liver disease and correlated with risk factors clustering around NAFLD and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic ROCK1 suppresses AMPK activity and a ROCK1/AMPK pathway is necessary to mediate cannabinoid-induced lipogenesis in the liver. Furthermore, treatment with metformin, the most widely used antidiabetes drug, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by inactivating ROCK1, resulting in activation of AMPK downstream signaling. Taken together, our findings establish a ROCK1/AMPK signaling axis that regulates de novo lipogenesis, providing a unique target for treating obesity-related metabolic disorders such as NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Physiology, East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inês Sousa-Lima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Centro de Estudos de Doenҫas Crónicas (CEDOC), Chronic Disease Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Won Min Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yossi Dagon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Won-Mo Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungman Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Munehiko Shibata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Getachew Debas Belew
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Center for Plant Aging Research and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bhavna N Desai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Peixin Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Physiology, East Carolina University, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Surgery Medical and Health Center Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery Medical and Health Center Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Byung-Hong Chung
- Department of Nutrition Science, Diabetes Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Seon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Doenҫas Crónicas (CEDOC), Chronic Disease Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Morris White
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mihalko E, Huang K, Sproul E, Cheng K, Brown AC. Targeted Treatment of Ischemic and Fibrotic Complications of Myocardial Infarction Using a Dual-Delivery Microgel Therapeutic. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7826-7837. [PMID: 30016078 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, affects millions of people worldwide and results in significant death and disabilities. A major cause of MI is fibrin-rich thrombus formation that occludes the coronary arteries, blocking blood flow to the heart and causing fibrin deposition. In treating MI, re-establishing blood flow is critical. However, ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury itself can also occur and contributes to cardiac fibrosis. Fibrin-specific poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) nanogels (FSNs) comprised of a core-shell colloidal hydrogel architecture are utilized in this study to design a dual-delivery system that simultaneously addresses the need to (1) re-establish blood flow and (2) inhibit cardiac fibrosis following I/R injury. These therapeutic needs are met by controlling the release of a fibrinolytic protein, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and a small molecule cell contractility inhibitor (Y-27632). In vitro, tPA and Y-27632-loaded FSNs rapidly degrade fibrin and decrease cardiac cell stress fiber formation and connective tissue growth factor expression, which are both upregulated in cardiac fibrosis. In vivo, FSNs localize to fibrin in injured heart tissue and, when loaded with tPA and Y-27632, showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction 2 and 4 weeks post-I/R as well as significantly decreased infarct size, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and connective tissue growth factor expression 4 weeks post-I/R. Together, these data demonstrate the feasibility of this targeted therapeutic strategy to improve cardiac function following MI.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bisbal M, Remedi M, Quassollo G, Cáceres A, Sanchez M. Rotenone inhibits axonogenesis via an Lfc/RhoA/
ROCK
pathway in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2018; 146:570-584. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bisbal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology INIMEC‐CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mónica Remedi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology INIMEC‐CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology INIMEC‐CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology INIMEC‐CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mónica Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology INIMEC‐CONICET Córdoba Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ketchum CM, Sun X, Suberi A, Fourkas JT, Song W, Upadhyaya A. Subcellular topography modulates actin dynamics and signaling in B-cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1732-1742. [PMID: 29771636 PMCID: PMC6080708 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell signaling activation is most effectively triggered by the binding of B-cell receptors (BCRs) to membrane-bound antigens. In vivo, B-cells encounter antigen on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which possess complex surfaces with convoluted topographies, a fluid membrane and deformable cell bodies. However, whether and how the physical properties of antigen presentation affect B-cell activation is not well understood. Here we use nanotopographic surfaces that allow systematic variation of geometric parameters to show that surface features on a subcellular scale influence B-cell signaling and actin dynamics. Parallel nanoridges with spacings of 3 microns or greater induce actin intensity oscillations on the ventral cell surface. Nanotopography-induced actin dynamics requires BCR signaling, actin polymerization, and myosin contractility. The topography of the stimulatory surface also modulates the distribution of BCR clusters in activated B-cells. Finally, B-cells stimulated on nanopatterned surfaces exhibit intracellular calcium oscillations with frequencies that depend on topography. Our results point to the importance of physical aspects of ligand presentation, in particular, nanotopography for B-cell activation and antigen gathering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Alexandra Suberi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Prashar A, Ortiz ME, Lucarelli S, Barker E, Tabatabeiyazdi Z, Shamoun F, Raju D, Antonescu C, Guyard C, Terebiznik MR. Small Rho GTPases and the Effector VipA Mediate the Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Filamentous Legionella pneumophila. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:133. [PMID: 29774203 PMCID: PMC5943596 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (Lp) exhibits different morphologies with varying degrees of virulence. Despite their detection in environmental sources of outbreaks and in respiratory tract secretions and lung autopsies from patients, the filamentous morphotype of Lp remains poorly studied. We previously demonstrated that filamentous Lp invades lung epithelial cells (LECs) and replicates intracellularly in a Legionella containing vacuole. Filamentous Lp activates β1integrin and E-cadherin receptors at the surface of LECs leading to the formation of actin-rich cell membrane structures we termed hooks and membrane wraps. These structures entrap segments of an Lp filament on host cell surface and mediate bacterial internalization. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the actin rearrangements needed for the formation and elongation of these membrane wraps and bacterial internalization. We combined genetic and pharmacological approaches to assess the contribution of signaling downstream of β1integrin and E-cadherin receptors, and Lp Dot/Icm secretion system- translocated effectors toward the invasion process. Our studies demonstrate a multi-stage mechanism of LEC invasion by filamentous Lp. Bacterial attachment to host cells depends on signaling downstream of β1integrin and E-cadherin activation, leading to Rho GTPases-dependent activation of cellular actin nucleating proteins, Arp2/3 and mDia. This mediates the formation of primordial membrane wraps that entrap the filamentous bacteria on the cell surface. Following this, in a second phase of the invasion process the Dot/Icm translocated effector VipA mediates rapid membrane wrap elongation, leading to the engulfment of the filamentous bacteria by the LECs. Our findings provide the first description of Rho GTPases and a Dot/Icm effector VipA regulating the actin dynamics needed for the invasion of epithelial cells by Lp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Prashar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - María Eugenia Ortiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Barker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zohreh Tabatabeiyazdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Feras Shamoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Deepa Raju
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Costin Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Bioaster, Lyon, France.,Molecular Microbiology, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Malik-Sheriff RS, Imtiaz S, Grecco HE, Zamir E. Diverse patterns of molecular changes in the mechano-responsiveness of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2187. [PMID: 29391434 PMCID: PMC5795008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions anchor contractile actin fibers with the extracellular matrix, sense the generated tension and respond to it by changing their morphology and composition. Here we ask how this mechanosensing is enabled at the protein-network level, given the modular assembly and multitasking of focal adhesions. To address this, we applied a sensitive 4-color live cell imaging approach, enabling monitoring patterns of molecular changes in single focal adhesions. Co-imaging zyxin, FAK, vinculin and paxillin revealed heterogeneities in their responses to Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-mediated perturbations of actomyosin contractility. These responses were rather weakly correlated between the proteins, reflecting diverse compositional changes in different focal adhesions. This diversity is partially attributable to the location of focal adhesions, their area, molecular content and previous contractility perturbations, suggesting that integration of multiple local cues shapes differentially focal adhesion mechano-responsiveness. Importantly, the compositional changes upon ROCK perturbations exhibited distinct paths in different focal adhesions. Moreover, the protein exhibiting the strongest response to ROCK perturbations varied among different focal adhesions. The diversity in response patterns is plausibly enabled by the modular mode of focal adhesions assembly and can provide them the needed flexibility to perform multiple tasks by combining optimally a common set of multifunctional components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahuman S Malik-Sheriff
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Imtiaz
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hernán E Grecco
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Physics, FCEN, University of Buenos Aires and IFIBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eli Zamir
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee SR, Jo YJ, Namgoong S, Kim NH. Anillin controls cleavage furrow formation in the course of asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 83:792-801. [PMID: 27508507 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anillin is a scaffold protein that recruits several proteins involved in cleavage furrow formation during cytokinesis. The role of anilllin in symmetric cell divisions in somatic cells has been intensively studied, yet its involvement in cleavage furrow formation is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of anillin in mammalian oocyte maturation and cytokinesis. We found that anillin is localized around the nucleus during the oocyte germinal-vesicle stage, and spreads to the cytoplasm after germinal vesicle breakdown. Thereafter, anillin concentrates at the site of the cleavage furrow from anaphase I to metaphase II. Disruption of anillin activity by microinjecting oocytes with specific siRNAs resulted in a failure of polar body extrusion and asymmetric division, and caused abnormal chromosome segregation during anaphase I. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of myosin light chain using Y-27632 or ML-7 resulted in decreased anillin expression. Collectively, our data suggest that anillin is an essential intracellular component that maintains the integrity of asymmetric division in mouse oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 792-801, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Rim Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, South Korea
| | - Suk Namgoong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, South Korea.
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|