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Najafi Z, Chamani E, Zarban A, Rezaei Z, Sharifzadeh G. The molecular evaluation of thioredoxin (TXN1 & TXN2), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRd1), and oxidative stress markers in a binary rat model of hypo- and hyperthyroidism after treatment with gallic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1108-1115. [PMID: 36314079 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2131812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of thyroid disorders. This study examined the effect of gallic acid (GA) on the oxidative status and expression of liver antioxidant genes including thioredoxin (TXN1 & TXN2) and thioredoxin reductase1 (TXNRd1) in hypo- and hyperthyroid rat models. Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into seven groups as follows: control group, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups respectively induced by propylthiouracil and levothyroxine, hypo- and hyper thyroid-treated groups (where the groups were separately treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of GA daily, orally). The levels of thyroid hormones and serum oxidative stress markers were evaluated after 5 weeks. The relative expression of TXN1,2 and TXNRd1 genes was measured via real-time qRT-PCR. The mean level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, and uric acid index diminished in the hypothyroid group. Increased TAC reached almost the level of control in hypothyroid groups treated with GA. Elevation of thiol index in the hypothyroid group was observed (p < 0.01), which diminished to the control level after GA treatment. The relative expression of TXN1, TXNRd1, and TXN2 genes in the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups significantly increased compared to the control group (p ≥ 0.05), but in the groups treated with GA, the expression of these genes declined significantly (p ≥ 0.05). Our results indicated GA can affect the expression of TXN system genes in the rat liver. Also, the results suggest GA has a more positive effect on modulating serum oxidative parameters in hypothyroid rat models than in hyperthyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asghar Zarban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Dastgheib M, Shetab-Boushehri SV, Baeeri M, Gholami M, Karimi MY, Hosseini A. Rolipram and pentoxifylline combination ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2615-2627. [PMID: 35922732 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most challenging microvascular complication of diabetes and there is no suitable treatment for it, so the development of new agents to relieve DN is urgently needed. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play an essential role in the development of DN, clearance of these factors are good strategies for the treatment of this disease. According to key role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, it seems that phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) can be as novel drug targets for improving DN through enhancement of cAMP level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, and pentoxifylline, a general PDE inhibitor on experimental model of DN and also to determine the possible mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of these agents. We investigated the effects of rolipram (1 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) and also combination of rolipram (0.5 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), orally for five weeks in rats that became diabetic by STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatments, motor function was evaluated by open-field test, then rats were anesthetized and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated. Next, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors were assessed by biochemical and ELISA methods, and RT-PCR analysis in DRG neurons. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment significantly attenuated DN - induced motor function deficiency by modulating distance moved and velocity. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment dramatically increased the cAMP level, as well as suppressed DN - induced oxidative stress which was associated with decrease in LPO and ROS and increase in TAC, total thiol, CAT and SOD in DRG neurons. On the other hand, the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, NF-kB and COX2) significantly decreased following rolipram and/or pentoxifylline administration. The maximum effectiveness was with rolipram and/or pentoxifylline combination on mentioned factors. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for further clinical investigations on rolipram and pentoxifylline combination for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dastgheib
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nakashima F, Shibata T, Uchida K. A unique mechanism for thiolation of serum albumins by disulphide molecules. J Biochem 2020; 167:165-171. [PMID: 31598674 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-thiolation is a reversible oxidative modification that serves as an oxidative regulatory mechanism for certain enzymes and binding proteins with reactive cysteine residues. It is generally believed that the thiolation occurs at free sulphydryl group of cysteine residues. Meanwhile, despite the fact that disulphide linkages, serving structural and energetic roles in proteins, are stable and inert to oxidative modification, a recent study shows that the thiolation could also occur at protein disulphide linkages when human serum albumin (HSA) was treated with disulphide molecules, such as cystine and homocystine. A chain reaction mechanism has been proposed for the thiolation at disulphide linkages, in which free cysteine (Cys34) is involved in the reaction with disulphide molecules to form free thiols (cysteine or homocysteine) that further react with protein disulphide linkages to form the thiolated cysteine residues in the protein. This review focuses on the recent finding of this unique chain reaction mechanism of protein thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Lavandula stoechas essential oils protect against Malathion-induces reproductive disruptions in male mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:253. [PMID: 30409133 PMCID: PMC6225712 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Lavandula stoechas essential oils (LSEO) against malathion (M) exposure-caused reprotoxicity in male mice as well as the possible mechanisms implicated in such protection. METHODS Six-eight-week-old male mice weighting 25-30 g were used and divided into four groups: normal-control, LSEO (50 mg/kg, b.w.), malathion (200 mg/kg, b.w.) and malathion + LSEO treated mice. Malathion was emulsioned in corn oil and per orally administered for 30 days. LSEO was daily administrated during the same period. LSEO chemical identification was done by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Reproduction-damages and LSEO-benefits were assessed using histopathological, biochemical and steroidogenesis gene expression disruptions and improvements. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis, allowed to the identification of 25 bioactive compounds in MCEO. In vivo, we firstly found that malathion exposure induced a clear reprotoxicity as assessed by a significant-decrease (P < 0.05) of testis/epididymis relative weights, serum testosterone level and reproductive performance. Malathion also produced lipoperoxidation, thiol (-SH) groups decrease as well as a significant-depletion (P < 0.05) of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in testis and epididymis. The histopathological examination showed marked change in both studied tissues. All these biochemical and structural changes were significantly (P < 0.05) corrected by LSEO co-administration. More importantly, malathion exposure remarkably (P < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of StAR gene as well as, the mRNA levels of P450scc, 3ßHSD and 17ß-HSD, while LSEO-administration strangely protected against steroidogenesis disruption. CONCLUSIONS The potential protective effects of LSEO against malathion-induced reprotoxicity and oxidative stress might be partially to its antioxidant properties as well as its opposite effect against some gene expression involved in the steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratory Functional Physiology and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba, BP, 382, 9000, Beja, Tunisia
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Nakashima F, Shibata T, Kamiya K, Yoshitake J, Kikuchi R, Matsushita T, Ishii I, Giménez-Bastida JA, Schneider C, Uchida K. Structural and functional insights into S-thiolation of human serum albumins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:932. [PMID: 29343798 PMCID: PMC5772555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant serum protein, contributing to the maintenance of redox balance in the extracellular fluids. One single free cysteine residue at position 34 is believed to be a target of oxidation. However, the molecular details and functions of oxidized HSAs remain obscure. Here we analyzed serum samples from normal subjects and hyperlipidemia patients and observed an enhanced S-thiolation of HSA in the hyperlipidemia patients as compared to the control individuals. Both cysteine and homocysteine were identified as the low molecular weight thiols bound to the HSAs. Intriguingly, S-thiolations were observed not only at Cys34, but also at multiple cysteine residues in the disulfide bonds of HSA. When the serum albumins from genetically modified mice that exhibit high levels of total homocysteine in serum were analyzed, we observed an enhanced S-homocysteinylation at multiple cysteine residues. In addition, the cysteine residues in the disulfide bonds were also thiolated in recombinant HSA that had been treated with the disulfide molecules. These findings and the result that S-homocysteinylation mediated increased surface hydrophobicity and ligand binding activity of HSA offer new insights into structural and functional alternation of serum albumins via S-thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamiya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Institute for Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. .,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Halima BH, Sonia G, Sarra K, Houda BJ, Fethi BS, Abdallah A. Apple Cider Vinegar Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Risk of Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2017; 21:70-80. [PMID: 29091513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of obesity characterized by increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. While diets enriched with natural antioxidants showed beneficial effects on oxidative stress, blood pressure, and serum lipid composition, diet supplementation with synthetic antioxidants showed contradictive results. Thus, we tested, in this study, whether a daily dosage of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) would affect cardiovascular risk factor associated with obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Obese rats showed increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and atherogenic index after 6 and 9 weeks of being fed an HFD. Importantly, ACV ameliorated all of these parameters significantly. Oxidative stress already developed after 6 weeks of HFD and was significantly reduced by daily doses of ACV. Oral administration of ACV normalized various biochemical and metabolic changes since it exhibited a very significant (P < .001) reduction in malondialdehyde levels, whereas an increase in thiol group concentrations and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] activities and vitamin E concentrations). In addition, a modulation in trace element levels was observed when compared with HFD groups. These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin E level, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. ACV can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through the modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases by preventing the atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hmad Halima
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gara Sonia
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Salah Azaiz , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khlifi Sarra
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Jemaa Houda
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Slama Fethi
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouidet Abdallah
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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7
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Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal exposure on behavior and oxidative stress in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1459-1469. [PMID: 28451780 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, due to technology development and aversive events of daily life, Human exposure to both radiofrequency and stress is unavoidable. This study investigated the co-exposure to repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal on cognitive function and oxidative stress in brain of male rats. Animals were divided into four groups: Control, WiFi-exposed, restrained and both WiFi-exposed and restrained groups. Each of WiFi exposure and restraint stress occurred 2 h (h)/day during 20 days. Subsequently, various tests were carried out for each group, such as anxiety in elevated plus maze, spatial learning abilities in the water maze, cerebral oxidative stress response and cholinesterase activity in brain and serum. Results showed that WiFi exposure and restraint stress, alone and especially if combined, induced an anxiety-like behavior without impairing spatial learning and memory abilities in rats. At cerebral level, we found an oxidative stress response triggered by WiFi and restraint, per se and especially when combined as well as WiFi-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results reveal that there is an impact of WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain and cognitive processes especially in elevated plus maze task. In contrast, there are no synergistic effects between WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Othman
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ammari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Protective effects of royal jelly on the histomorphologic, oxidative stress and sperm parameters in Ofloxacin treated rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Alishahi M, Malekirad AA, Mandegary A, Abdollahi M, Mozaffari A, Ansari M. A study on oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical parameters in copper smelter workers. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1278708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Alishahi
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
| | - Ali Akbar Malekirad
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran,
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Abbas Mozaffari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, and
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman Medical Science University, Kerman, Iran
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Malekinejad H, Fani M, Shafiee-Roodbari SK, Delkhosh-Kasmaie F, Rezaei-Golmisheh A. Crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc mediates hepato-protective effect of royal jelly on taxol-induced damages. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:626-637. [PMID: 27496854 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116660752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous histopathological studies have shown the hepatotoxicity of paclitaxel (TXL). However, there is little known about the molecular pathway(s) of TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the role of two transcription factors in the TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the hepato-protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on TXL-induced toxicity was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups. The test groups along with TXL received various doses of RJ (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, body weight). Biochemical hepatic functional assays, histopathological studies and hepatic superoxide dismutase level were determined. Additionally, the expression of E2f1 and cellular-myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) at messenger RNA (mRNA) level in the liver was evaluated. The hepatic functional biomarkers showed a significant ( p < 0.05) elevation in the TXL-received animals, while RJ administration for 28 days resulted in a remarkable reduction in TXL-elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The TXL-treated animals showed a significant ( p < 0.05) up-regulation of E2f1 and down-regulation of c-Myc at mRNA level, respectively. RJ lowered the expression of E2f1 while enhanced the expression of c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest the hepato-protective effects of RJ on TXL-induced toxicity, which may attribute to a clear crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc as two regulators of liver growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Malekinejad
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Fani
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - S Kh Shafiee-Roodbari
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Delkhosh-Kasmaie
- 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Golmisheh
- 4 Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
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A mechanistic approach for modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and vinpocetine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:839-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115607945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphorus pesticide that induces oxidative stress through the production of free radicals and depletes intracellular antioxidant reserves. In this study, the efficacy of three antioxidants (melatonin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and vinpocetine) on alleviation of toxic effects of CP was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of CP, in the presence or absence of effective doses of melatonin, CoQ10, and vinpocetine, was determined in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after 72-h exposure. The levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity along with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as inflammatory index, were measured. Further, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular mitochondrial activity, cell death modes (apoptosis vs. necrosis), total antioxidant power (TAP), total thiol molecules (TTM), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Results: CoQ10 and also the combination of the three antioxidants were the most notable in opposing toxicity of CP and led to increasing TAP and TTM; improvement of AChE activity; and lowering LPO, MPO, TNF-α, and apoptosis compared to CP alone. Conclusion: CP toxicity overwhelms the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Exogenous supplementation with antioxidants, such as the ones we have investigated, seems to be effective in the prevention of cytotoxicity of CP.
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Abdollahi M, Fooladian F, Emami B, Zafari K, Bahreini-Moghadam A. Protection by sildenafil and theophylline of lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rat submandibular gland and saliva. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 22:587-92. [PMID: 14686481 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht399oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in lead toxicity has been proposed in many organs, however, no study has been performed in the salivary glands, which are important parts of the gastrointestinal tract with a high implication in health of the whole body. Recently, it has been proposed that increasing the levels of cGMP and cAMP in the cells may protect from the neurotoxicity of lead. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of lead acetate to produce oxidative stress in rat submandibular as the main salivary gland of the body and to study the role of pretreatment by specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the prevention of oxidative stress. Lead acetate (100 mg/kg), alone or in combination with theophylline (25 mg/kg) and sildenafil (5 mg/kg), was administered intraperitoneally to rats. After 2 hours and under general anaesthesia, the submandibular gland ducts were cannulated intraorally using microcannula, and pure saliva was collected for 30 min using pilocarpine (8 mg/kg) as a secretagogue. The submandibular glands were then isolated free under surgery. Oxidative stress in the gland and pure saliva were evaluated measuring lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay), total thiol groups content and total antioxidant capacity (the ferric reducing ability assay). Results showed significant oxidative stress in the gland and secretions as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased total antioxidant capacity and thiol group levels. The use of cAMP and cGMP phosodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and sildenafil, prevented leadinduced increased lipid peroxidation and also protected from decreased thiol groups content and total antioxidant power of the gland and secretions. The same trend of effects was observed in gland and saliva. It is concluded that lead toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress in salivary glands, while increasing intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels may prevent lead-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Jallouli M, El Bini Dhouib I, Dhouib H, Lasram M, Gharbi N, El Fazaa S. Disruption of steroidogenesis after dimethoate exposure and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in rats: an old drug with new approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7975-7984. [PMID: 26769589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) like dimethoate (DMT), are pesticides used worldwide, which can affect both animals and human. Whereas their toxicity is due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, their secondary toxic effects have been related to free oxygen radical biosynthesis. The present study was designed to investigate the reprotoxic effects of DMT and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in male rat. DMT (20 mg/ kg/body weight) was administered daily to rats via gavage in corn oil and NAC (2 g/l) was added to drinking water for 30 days. Rats were sacrificed on the 30th day, 2 h after the last administration. Markers of testis injury (steroidogenesis impairment) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and antioxidant status) were assessed. In DMT-exposed rats, the serum level of testosterone was decreased. Further, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level and a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the testis of rats during DMT intoxication. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a decrease in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory StAR protein, cytochrome P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the testis after DMT exposure. No significant changes in the oxidative stress status and selected reproductive variables were observed on CTN group, whereas NAC restored the oxidative stress and the steroidogenesis on NAC group. Dimethoate induces reprotoxicity and oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine showed therapeutic recovery effects against dimethoate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Jallouli
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Ines El Bini Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Dhouib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University Tunis, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
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14
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Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Hajri A, Hosni K, Marzouki L, Sebai H. Antioxidant properties of Artemisia herba-alba and Eucalyptus camaldulensis essentials oils on malathion-induced reproductive damage in rat. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Malathion (M) is an organophosphorus pesticide of utmost concern because of its adverse effects on non-targeted organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Azhar Hajri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Karim Hosni
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP)
- Biotechpôle de Sidi Thabet
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale
- Département de Biotechnologie
- Institut de Biotechnologie de Béja
- Tunisia
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15
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Selmi S, Jallouli M, Gharbi N, Marzouki L. Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oils Against Malathion-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Male Mice. J Med Food 2015; 18:1103-11. [PMID: 25835641 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed in the present study to investigate the hepato- and nephroprotective effects of Lavandula stoechas essential oils (LSEO) against malathion-induced oxidative stress in young male mice as well as the possible mechanism implicated in such protection. Animals were divided into eight groups of 12 each: Control, malathion (200 mg/kg b.w.); Various doses of LSEO (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg b.w.), malathion+various doses of LSEO. Malathion and LSEO were daily per orally (p.o.) administered by intragastric gavage during 30 days. We initially found that malathion treatment induced body weight gain decrease as well as a clear nephro- and hepatotoxicity as assessed by significant relative liver and kidney weight increase and related hemodynamic parameters deregulation. Malathion exposure of mice also induced a considerable perturbation of metabolic parameters. On the other hand, we showed that malathion administration was accompanied by an oxidative stress status assessed by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels as well as a depletion of sulfhydril group content (-SH) and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Fe-SOD in the kidney and liver. More importantly, LSEO treatment abolished all malathion-induced body gain loss, liver and kidney relative weight increase, hemodynamic and metabolic disorders, as well as hepatic and renal oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data suggest that LSEO exerted potential hepato- and nephroprotective effects against malathion-induced oxidative stress in mice. The beneficial effect of LSEO might be related, in part, to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia .,2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Manel Jallouli
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- 1 Laboratory of Metabolic and Endocrine Aggressions Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- 2 Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Beja, Tunisia
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16
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Selmi S, Tounsi H, Safra I, Abdellaoui A, Ridha Rjeibi M, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N. Histopathological, biochemical and molecular changes of reproductive function after malathion exposure of prepubertal male mice. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed in the present work to evaluate the implication of oxidative stress in the toxicological effects of subchronic malathion exposure on reproductive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique humaine et expérimentale
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis
- Tunis 1002
- Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Afifa Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi
- Laboratoire de parasitologie
- Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire
- 2020 Sidi Thabet
- Tunisia
| | - Saloua El-Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
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17
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Mozhdeganloo Z, Heidarpour M. Oxidative stress in the gill tissues of goldfishes (Carassius auratus) parasitized by Dactylogyrus spp. J Parasit Dis 2014; 38:269-72. [PMID: 25035583 PMCID: PMC4087321 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the status of oxidative stress in the gill tissues of goldfishes (Carassius auratus) parasitized by Dactylogyrus spp. We therefore compared the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol groups in the gill tissues of parasitized and non- parasitized goldfishes. 15 goldfishes parasitized by Dactylogyrus spp. along with 15 non-parasitized goldfishes were selected for the study. A significant increase in MDA concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in total thiol groups in the parasitized group, were observed when compared to the non- parasitized group. This is the first study which evaluates the effect of Dactylogyrus spp. on the oxidative stress status of goldfish. The results of the present study revealed that parasitized goldfishes showed more severe oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than non- parasitized fishes and enhanced lipid peroxidation may be linked to gill damage in goldfishes parasitized by Dactylogyrus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Mozhdeganloo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Heidarpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Dhouib IB, Lasram MM, Abdeladhim M, Gharbi N, Ahmed MB, El-Fazaa S. Immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by subchronic exposure to carbosulfan in rat spleen: immunomodulatory and antioxidant role of N-acetylcysteine. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:417-27. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.928764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Delkhoshe-Kasmaie F, Malekinejad H, Khoramjouy M, Rezaei-Golmisheh A, Janbaze-Acyabar H. Royal jelly protects from taxol-induced testicular damages via improvement of antioxidant status and up-regulation of E2f1. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 60:80-8. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.852271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Delkhoshe-Kasmaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
UrmiaIran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
UrmiaIran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
UrmiaIran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Golmisheh
- Research and Development Center, Science Pharmaceutical Laboratories Co.
QazvinIran
| | - Hamed Janbaze-Acyabar
- Department of Comparative Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University
UrmiaIran
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20
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Moshtaghion SM, Malekinejad H, Razi M, Shafie-Irannejad V. Silymarin protects from varicocele-induced damages in testis and improves sperm quality: evidence for E2f1 involvement. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2013; 59:270-80. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2013.794253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Bhagat S, Patra PK, Thakur AS. Association of Inflammatory Biomarker C-Reactive Protein, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity Marker with HbF Level in Sickle Cell Disease Patients from Chattisgarh. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:394-9. [PMID: 24082467 PMCID: PMC3477464 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the association of inflammatory biomarker, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity marker with fetal haemoglobin (HbF) level among sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Chattisgarh. The study group consisted of 51 SCD (SS) patients with painful episode, 49 SCD (SS) patients with steady state, 50 sickle cell trait (AS) and 50 controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), CRP, total antioxidant power (FARP), total thiol and HbF levels were quantified. We found a significant positive (p < 0.0001) association between CRP and MDA levels and its inverse association with HbF level in SS patients. We also observed that antioxidant capacity had significantly positively (p < 0.0001) associated with HbF level. The protective effect of HbF was found, because the increase in HbF levels resulted in decrease in lipid peroxidation and inflammation in SCD patients. A decrease in the HbF level and its antioxidant capacity has been associated with the pathogenesis of SCD. These finding may explain the high level of HbF is ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Bhagat
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Jail Road, Raipur, 492001 Chattisgarh India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Jail Road, Raipur, 492001 Chattisgarh India
| | - Amar Singh Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College, Jagdalpur, Chattisgarh India
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22
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Kariman H, Heydari K, Fakhri M, Shahrami A, Dolatabadi AA, Mohammadi HA, Gharibi M. Aluminium phosphide poisoning and oxidative stress: serum biomarker assessment. J Med Toxicol 2012; 8:281-4. [PMID: 22407514 PMCID: PMC3550173 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-012-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to previous animal studies, aluminium phosphides (AlPs) may induce oxidative stress leading to generation of free radicals and alteration in antioxidant defense system. This study was conducted to evaluate the existence and degree of oxidative stress in patients with acute AlP ingestion. A total of 44 acute AlP ingested patients as well as 44 age- and sex-matched controls were included. All patients had acute poisoning symptoms with AlP at the time of presentation and had blood samples analyzed for lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and total thiol. Our findings showed that there is a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in AlP ingested group along with a reduction in total antioxidant capacity and total thiols groups. These clinical data confirm previous experimental models that showed AlP exposure might significantly augment lipoperoxidative damage with simultaneous alterations in the antioxidant defense system. Hence, our findings might justify use of antioxidants in treatment of acute AlP poisoning which needs to be clarified by additional clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kariman
- />Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Heydari
- />Emergency Department, Shohada-e-Haftom Tir Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fakhri
- />Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Chamran Highway, Evein, Tehran, 4739 Iran
| | - Ali Shahrami
- />Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Arhami Dolatabadi
- />Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Mohammadi
- />Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gharibi
- />Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Furuhata A, Honda K, Shibata T, Chikazawa M, Kawai Y, Shibata N, Uchida K. Monoclonal antibody against protein-bound glutathione: use of glutathione conjugate of acrolein-modified proteins as an immunogen. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1393-401. [PMID: 22716076 DOI: 10.1021/tx300082u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein shows a facile reactivity with the ε-amino group of lysine to form N(ε)-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)lysine (FDP-lysine) as the major product. In addition, FDP-lysine generated in the acrolein-modified protein could function as an electrophile, reacting with thiol compounds, to form an irreversible thioether adduct. In the present study, to establish the utility of this irreversible conjugate, we attempted to use it as an immunogen to raise a monoclonal antibody (mAb), which specifically recognized protein-bound thiol compounds. Using the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of the acrolein-modified protein as an immunogen, we raised the mAb 2C4, which cross-reacted with the GSH conjugate of acrolein-modified proteins. Specificity studies revealed that mAb 2C4 recognized both the GSH conjugate of an acrolein-lysine adduct, FDP-lysine, and oxidized GSH (GSSG). In addition, mAb 2C4 cross-reacted not only with the GSH conjugates of the acrolein-modified protein but also with the GSH-treated, oxidized protein (S-glutathiolated protein), suggesting that the antibody significantly recognized the protein-bound GSH as the epitope. An immunohistochemical analysis of the atherosclerotic lesions from the human aorta showed that immunoreactive materials with mAb 2C4 were indeed present in the macrophage-derived foam cells and migrating smooth muscles. In addition, using mAb 2C4, we analyzed the GSH-treated, oxidized low-density lipoproteins by agarose gel electrophoresis under reducing or nonreducing conditions followed by immunoblot analysis and found that the majority of the GSH was irreversibly incorporated into the proteins. The results of this study not only showed the utility of the antibody raised against the GSH conjugate of the acrolein-modified proteins but also suggested that the irreversible binding of GSH and other redox molecules to the oxidized LDL might represent the process common to the modification of LDL during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Furuhata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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24
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Park JJ, Han TJ, Choi EM. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activities of Intertidal Macroalgae in Korea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.4.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Altered biochemical parameters in saliva of pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:330-4. [PMID: 21964765 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the common causes in etiopathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hence, the salivary levels of protein thiols, ceruloplasmin, magnesium and pseudocholinesterase were estimated in children with ADHD. The symptoms of ADHD were identified using Conner's rating and DSM IV criteria. Saliva was collected and assessed for the levels of protein thiols, ceruloplasmin, magnesium and pseudocholinesterase, spectrophotometrically. It was also checked for pH and the flow rate was noted down. There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the salivary protein thiols and pseudocholinesterase levels in ADHD children when compared to controls. Ceruloplasmin levels did not show any significant change. Magnesium levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in cases when compared to controls. Further, a receiver operating characteristic curve for validity of the biochemical parameters in saliva of ADHD children indicated a sensitivity and specificity above 90% for protein thiols and magnesium values. Our study shows that protein thiols, magnesium, and pseudocholinesterase might have a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD and saliva can be effectively used as a non-invasive tool for evaluation of such children.
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26
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Bayrami M, Hashemi T, Malekirad AA, Ashayeri H, Faraji F, Abdollahi M. Electroencephalogram, cognitive state, psychological disorders, clinical symptom, and oxidative stress in horticulture farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:90-6. [PMID: 21632574 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711407243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the toxicity of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in exposed farmers for electroencephalography, cognitive state, psychological disorders, clinical symptom, oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, and DNA damage. A comparative cross-sectional analysis was carried out in 40 horticulture farmers who were exposed to OPs in comparison to a control group containing 40 healthy subjects with the same age and sex and education level. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol molecules, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in the blood of subjects. Clinical examination and complete blood test were undertaken in order to record any abnormal sign or symptoms. Cognitive function, psychological symptoms, and psychological distress were examined and recorded. Comparing with controls, the farmers showed higher blood levels of SOD and LPO while their TAC decreased. Farmers showed clinical symptoms such as eczema, breathing muscle weakness, nausea, and saliva secretion. Regarding cognitive function, the orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language were not significantly different in farmers and controls. Among examinations for psychological distress, only labeled somatization was significantly higher in farmers. The present findings indicate that oxidative stress and inhibition of AChE can be seen in chronically OP-exposed people but incidence of neuropsychological disorders seems a complex multivariate phenomenon that might be seen in long-term high-dose exposure situations. Use of supplementary antioxidants would be useful in the treatment of farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Bayrami
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Malekinejad H, Akbari P, Allymehr M, Hobbenaghi R, Rezaie A. Cyclopiazonic acid augments the hepatic and renal oxidative stress in broiler chicks. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:910-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110384285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to serious tissue injuries. The effect of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidneys of broiler chicks was studied. Ten-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into the control and test groups, which received normal saline and 10, 25, and 50 μg/kg CPA, respectively, for 28 days. Body weight gain, serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after 2 and 4 weeks exposure. Moreover, the total thiol molecules (TTM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the liver and kidneys were assessed. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in body weight gain between the control and test groups. Whereas, the hepatic weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals that received 25 and 50 μg/kg CPA. Both ALP and GGT level in serum were elevated in comparison to the control group. CPA also resulted in uric acid, creatinine, and BUN enhancement in broilers. The MDA content of the liver and kidneys showed remarkable increase. By contrast, the TTM levels in the liver and kidneys were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated. Histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical changes in either organ characterized by inflammatory cells infiltration along with severe congestion and cell swelling, suggesting an inflammatory response. These data suggest that exposure to CPA resulted in hepatic and renal disorders, which were reflected as biochemical markers alteration and pathological injuries in either organ. The biochemical alteration and pathological abnormalities may be attributed to CPA-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,
| | - P. Akbari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M. Allymehr
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - R. Hobbenaghi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A. Rezaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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28
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Malekinejad H, Mirzakhani N, Razi M, Cheraghi H, Alizadeh A, Dardmeh F. Protective effects of melatonin and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on ochratoxin A--induced damages on testes in mature rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:110-23. [PMID: 20413560 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110368416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (GgE) as a natural antioxidant and melatonin (MEL) on ochratoxin A (OTA)-induced histopathological damages on the testes and oxidative stress was evaluated in male rats. The animals were assigned into four groups (n = 8) including control and test groups. The rats in control group received saline and the animals in the test groups received (200 µg/kg) of OTA, (15 mg/kg) of MEL + (200 µg/kg) OTA and (100 mg/kg) of GgE + (200 µg/kg) OTA, respectively, during 28 consecutive days. The serum total antioxidant power (TAOP) and total thiol molecules (TTM) production were assessed. Moreover, histopathological and histochemical studies were also performed. The results showed that the TAOP and TTM were decreased in OTA-exposed rats, while the animals that received MEL + OTA or GgE + OTA showed an enhancement in the serum TAOP and TTM levels. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that in OTA-exposed rats, the testicular degeneration, seminiferous tubule atrophy, dissociation of germinative epithelium, vasodilatation with vascular thrombosis, perivascular immune cell infiltration, hypertrophied leydic cells, giant cell formation, and negative tubular differentiation index (TDI) were observed. Surprisingly, both the biochemical and histopathological examinations showed that MEL and GgE, albeit with some differences, exerted a protective effect on OTA-induced damages. In conclusion, this data suggest that OTA contamination in animal feeds and human foods could cause reproductive abnormalities. Our data also indicate that OTA, at least partly by interfering in oxidative stress system, exerts its toxic effects on testes whereas MEL and GgE with antioxidant properties could fairly protect rats against OTA toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Ishii T, Wakabayashi M, Mori T, Nakayama T. A new method for the detection and characterization of α-lipoic acid mixed disulphides. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:403-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10715760903536331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Amini-Shirazi N, Hoseini A, Ranjbar A, Mohammadirad A, Khoshakhlagh P, Yasa N, Abdollahi M. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and nitrosative/oxidative stresses by Ziziphora clinopoides (Kahlioti); a molecular mechanism of protection against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2009; 19:183-9. [PMID: 19778264 DOI: 10.1080/15376510701533996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune genetic and environmental factors. The authors were interested in examining the protective effect of Ziziphora clinopoides methanolic extract, an Iranian folk herbal medicine, on inflammatory mediators in experimental colitis. Colitis in NMRI mice was induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3%). Z. clinopoides was administrated orally at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days. The level of lipid peroxidation (LP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol molecules (TTM), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and nitric oxide (NO) as a marker of nitrosative stress, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) as a mediator of inflammation and apoptosis were measured in the colon homogenate. Treatment by DSS increased bowel LP, NO, and TNF-alpha while decreasing TAC, SOD, CAT, and TTM. All measured parameters were improved by Z. clinopoides treatment and reached close to normal levels. The present study further supports the role of oxidative/nitrosative stresses and TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of colitis and protective effects of this herb. The data are promising for further preclinical studies directed towards understanding mechanism of action and cross-species and cross-model comparisons for potential protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Amini-Shirazi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vakilian K, Ranjbar A, Zarganjfard A, Mortazavi M, Vosough-Ghanbari S, Mashaiee S, Abdollahi M. On the relation of oxidative stress in delivery mode in pregnant women; a toxicological concern. Toxicol Mech Methods 2009; 19:94-9. [PMID: 19778252 DOI: 10.1080/15376510802232134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effect two modes of labor (vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section) on thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as markers of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant power (ferric reducing ability, TAP), and total thiol molecules (TTM) in blood of mothers and their newborns. One hundred and twenty women with normal pregnancy and normal blood biochemical parameters were divided into groups of vaginal delivery (VD) and elective cesarean surgery (ECS). Blood samples were obtained firstly in the time 37-40 weeks of pregnancy and secondly during labor phase for VD or during ECS. Blood samples from umbilical cord arterial of newborns were also obtained at birth after separation of cord. Plasma levels of TBARS, TAP, and TTM were determined. There was no significant differences between VD and ECS mothers before labor in plasma levels of TBARS, TTM, and TAP. Mothers in the VD group showed a significant increase in TBARS (p < 0.05) after delivery. And TTM level showed a significant increase in ECS group (p < 0.05) as compared to pre-delivery levels. Comparing oxidative stress variables between VD and ECS groups after labor, plasma levels of TBARS, and TTM significantly increased (p < 0.05) in VD mothers. TAP was not significantly different between VD and ECS groups. Newborn of VD mothers showed a significant increase in TBARS (p < 0.05), and TAP (p < 0.05) as compared to newborn of ECS. TTM was not significantly different between two groups of newborns. The results indicate that mothers in VD and their newborns are in more oxidative stress than those who underwent ECS for delivery. Linking oxidative stress to severe neonatal diseases, it may be reasonable to assess whether antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy may reduce the frequency of neonatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayun Vakilian
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Improvement of inflammatory and toxic stress biomarkers by silymarin in a murine model of type one diabetes mellitus. Open Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-009-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an impairment of the insulin-secreting beta cells with an immunologic base. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and free radicals are believed to play key roles in destruction of pancreatic β cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Silybum marianum seed extract (silymarin), a combination of several flavonolignans with immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in mouse. Experimental T1DM was induced in male albino mice by IV injection of multiplelow- doses of STZ for 5 days. Seventy-two male mice in separate groups received various doses of silymarin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) concomitant or after induction of diabetes for 21 days. Blood glucose and pancreatic biomarkers of inflammation and toxic stress (IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, thiol molecules, and total antioxidant capacity) were determined. Silymarin treatment reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β and oxidative stress mediators like myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl and thiol content of pancreatic tissue in an almost dose dependent manner. No marked difference between the prevention of T1DM and the reversion of this disease by silymarin was found. Use of silymarin seems to be helpful in T1DM when used as pretreatment or treatment. Benefit of silymarin in human T1DM remains to be elucidated by clinical trials.
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Salar-Amoli J, Hejazy M, Ali Esfahani T. Comparison between some oxidative Stress Biomarkers values in serum and plasma of clinically healthy adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Iran. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33:849-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Soleimani H, Ranjbar A, Baeeri M, Mohammadirad A, Khorasani R, Yasa N, Abdollahi M. Rat Plasma Oxidation Status After Nigella Sativa L. Botanical Treatment in CCL4-Treated Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 18:725-31. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510802232233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Soleimani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narguess Yasa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Shadnia S, Dasgar M, Taghikhani S, Mohammadirad A, Khorasani R, Abdollahi M. Protective Effects of α-Tocopherol and N-Acetyl-Cysteine on Diazinon-Induced Oxidative Stress and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:109-15. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600860318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Pournourmohammadi S, Khazaeli P, Eslamizad S, Tajvar A, Mohammadirad A, Abdollahi M. Study on the oxidative stress status among cement plant workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:463-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327108094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cement industry is considered as a major pollution problem because of dust and particulate matter emitted at various steps of cement production. In the present study, volunteer male workers from a cement factory were studied for oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in relation to their serum levels of aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr). The subjects were divided into two groups of direct and indirect exposure. Subject who worked in production steps were considered as direct exposure group, and those who worked in administration building were considered as indirect exposure group. For comparison, healthy subjects at the same age and socioeconomic status were tested as a control group. Serum levels of lipid peroxidation (LP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol molecules (TTM), and nitric oxide (NO) as well as Al and Cr were measured. The results indicated a significant increase in Al ( P = 0.001) and Cr ( P = 0.009) levels in direct-exposed workers in comparison to healthy control group. Further, a significant increase in Al ( P = 0.002) and Cr ( P = 0.009) levels was observed in direct-exposed workers as compared to indirect-exposed one. Serum levels of TTM and TAC were significantly lower in both direct- and indirect-exposed groups in comparison to healthy control group ( P = 0.00). Serum TTM and TAC were significantly lower in direct-exposed workers as compared to indirect-exposed ones ( P = 0.00 and P = 0.024, respectively). There was no significant difference on the level of LP and NO among groups. A correlation was found between serum level of Cr, TAC, and platelets between direct- and indirect-exposed groups ( P < 0.05). Further correlation was found among serum level of Cr and those of TTM, platelets, and chronic disease ( P < 0.05). Chronic disease had a significant influence adjusted to other predictor variables on the post-shift values of Al ( P < 0.05). Although plasma levels of Al and Cr were found in normal ranges, analyses confirm their role in impairment of TMM and TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pournourmohammadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Khazaeli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Eslamizad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Tajvar
- Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Mohammadirad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qanungo S, Starke DW, Pai HV, Mieyal JJ, Nieminen AL. Glutathione supplementation potentiates hypoxic apoptosis by S-glutathionylation of p65-NFkappaB. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18427-18436. [PMID: 17468103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In murine embryonic fibroblasts, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a GSH generating agent, enhances hypoxic apoptosis by blocking the NFkappaB survival pathway (Qanungo, S., Wang, M., and Nieminen, A. L. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 50455-50464). Here, we examined sulfhydryl modifications of the p65 subunit of NFkappaB that are responsible for NFkappaB inactivation. In MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells, hypoxia increased p65-NFkappaB DNA binding and NFkappaB transactivation by 2.6- and 2.8-fold, respectively. NAC blocked these events without having an effect on p65-NFkappaB protein levels and p65-NFkappaB nuclear translocation during hypoxia. Pharmacological inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway also induced hypoxic apoptosis, indicating that the NFkappaB signaling pathway is a major protective mechanism against hypoxic apoptosis. In cell lysates after hypoxia and treatment with N-ethylmaleimide (thiol alkylating agent), dithiothreitol (disulfide reducing agent) was not able to increase binding of p65-NFkappaB to DNA, suggesting that most sulfhydryls in p65-NFkappaB protein were in reduced and activated forms after hypoxia, thereby being blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. In contrast, with hypoxic cells that were also treated with NAC, dithiothreitol increased p65-NFkappaB DNA binding. Glutaredoxin (GRx), which specifically catalyzes reduction of protein-SSG mixed disulfides, reversed inhibition of p65-NFkappaB DNA binding in extracts from cells treated with hypoxia plus NAC and restored NFkappaB activity. This finding indicated that p65-NFkappaB-SSG was formed in situ under hypoxia plus NAC conditions. In cells, knock-down of endogenous GRx1, which also promotes protein glutathionylation under hypoxic radical generating conditions, prevented NAC-induced NFkappaB inactivation and hypoxic apoptosis. The results indicate that GRx-dependent S-glutathionylation of p65-NFkappaB is most likely responsible for NAC-mediated NFkappaB inactivation and enhanced hypoxic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Qanungo
- Department of Anatomy, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - David W Starke
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Harish V Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - John J Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Anna-Liisa Nieminen
- Department of Anatomy, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
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Hoppe G, Talcott KE, Bhattacharya SK, Crabb JW, Sears JE. Molecular basis for the redox control of nuclear transport of the structural chromatin protein Hmgb1. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3526-38. [PMID: 16962095 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can induce a covalent disulfide bond between protein and peptide thiols that is reversible through enzymatic catalysis. This process provides a post-translational mechanism for control of protein function and may also protect thiol groups from irreversible oxidation. High mobility group protein B1 (Hmgb1), a DNA-binding structural chromosomal protein and transcriptional co-activator was identified as a substrate of glutaredoxin. Hmgb1 contains 3 cysteines, Cys23, 45, and 106. In mild oxidative conditions, Cys23 and Cys45 readily form an intramolecular disulfide bridge, whereas Cys106 remains in the reduced form. The disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys45 is a target of glutathione-dependent reduction by glutaredoxin. Endogenous Hmgb1 as well as GFP-tagged wild-type Hmgb1 co-localize in the nucleus of CHO cells. While replacement of Hmgb1 Cys23 and/or 45 with serines did not affect the nuclear distribution of the mutant proteins, Cys106-to-Ser and triple cysteine mutations impaired nuclear localization of Hmgb1. Our cysteine targeted mutational analysis suggests that Cys23 and 45 induce conformational changes in response to oxidative stress, whereas Cys106 appears to be critical for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hmgb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hoppe
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Kanazawa S, Seo A, Tokura N, Honda R, Kase H, Teramoto T. Antioxidative stress potential of Cinnamomum zeylanicum in humans: a comparative cross-sectional clinical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 33:113-7. [PMID: 16410710 DOI: 10.2217/14750708.3.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 64-year-old man with unresectable sigmoid adenocarcinoma due to peritoneal dissemination (P3) and liver metastasis (H2) treated with TS-1, showed a complete response. TS-1 is an oral anticancer drug that produces biochemical modulation. It is composed of tegafur, gimestat and ostat potassium in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1 to increase the effect of 5-FU and to decrease toxicity in the digestive canal. Treatment with TS-1 requires no hospitalization and can enhance the quality of life of the patient. TS-1 is expected to be an effective agent for the treatment of colon cancer with liver metastasis and peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Kanazawa
- Dept. of Surgery, Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine
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40
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Corti A, Paolicchi A, Franzini M, Dominici S, Casini AF, Pompella A. The S-thiolating activity of membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase: formation of cysteinyl-glycine mixed disulfides with cellular proteins and in the cell microenvironment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:911-8. [PMID: 15998246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that activity of the plasma membrane enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is accompanied by prooxidant processes, with production of reactive oxygen species and oxidation of cellular protein thiols. The present work was aimed to verify the occurrence and extent of S-thiolation mediated by GGT and characterize the molecular species involved in mixed disulfide formation. Experiments show that the cysteinyl-glycine (CG) originating from cellular GGT-mediated glutathione (GSH) metabolism can efficiently thiolate cellular proteins, as well as proteins present in the extracellular environment. With cells presenting high levels of GGT expression, basal levels of CG-containing protein mixed disulfides are detectable, in cellular proteins, as well as in proteins of the culture medium. Stimulation of GGT activity in these cells by administration of substrates results in an increase of CG mixed disulfide formation and a concomitant decrease of GSH-containing disulfides, likely due to GGT-dependent removal of GSH from the system. The findings reported suggest that binding of CG ("protein S-cysteylglycylation") may represent an as yet unrecognized function of membrane GGT, likely playing a regulatory role(s) in the cell and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Corti
- Department of Experimental Pathology BMIE, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
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41
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Rebrin I, Bayne AC, Mockett R, Orr W, Sohal R. Free aminothiols, glutathione redox state and protein mixed disulphides in aging Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem J 2004; 382:131-6. [PMID: 15142037 PMCID: PMC1133923 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the aging process is associated with a pro-oxidizing shift in the cellular redox state. The amounts of the redox-sensitive free aminothiols (glutathione, cysteine, Cys-Gly and methionine) and protein mixed disulphides were measured at different ages and ambient temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster. GSH/GSSG ratios decreased significantly with increasing age of the flies, due to an increase in GSSG content. Concentrations of Cys-Gly increased and methionine decreased with age. The amounts of protein mixed disulphides, measured as protein-cysteinyl, protein-Cys-Gly and protein-glutathionyl mixed disulphides, increased as a function of age. The pattern of changes in free aminothiol content, glutathione-redox state and protein mixed disulphides varied in proportion to the ambient temperature, which is inversely related to the life expectancy of the flies. Collectively, these results support the idea that the pro-oxidizing shift in the glutathione-redox state, the decrease in methionine content and increase in abundance of protein mixed disulphides are associated with the life expectancy of flies, and are indicative of enhanced oxidative stress during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rebrin
- *Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - Anne-Cécile V. Bayne
- *Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - Robin J. Mockett
- *Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
| | - William C. Orr
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A
| | - Rajindar S. Sohal
- *Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, U.S.A
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Peskin AV, Winterbourn CC. Histamine chloramine reactivity with thiol compounds, ascorbate, and methionine and with intracellular glutathione. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:1252-60. [PMID: 14607524 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is stored in granules of mast cells and basophils and released by inflammatory mediators. It has the potential to intercept some of the HOCl generated by the neutrophil enzyme, myeloperoxidase, to produce histamine chloramine. We have measured rate constants for reactions of histamine chloramine with methionine, ascorbate, and GSH at pH 7.4, of 91 M(-1)s(-1), 195 M(-1)s(-1), and 721 M(-1)s(-1), respectively. With low molecular weight thiols, the reaction was with the thiolate and rates increased exponentially with decreasing thiol group pK(a). Comparing rate constants for different chloramines reacting with ascorbate or a particular thiol anion, these were higher when there was less negative charge in the vicinity of the chloramine group. Histamine chloramine was the most reactive among biologically relevant chloramines. Consumption of histamine chloramine and oxidation of intracellular GSH were examined for human fibroblasts. At nontoxic doses, GSH loss over 10 min was slightly greater than that with HOCl, but the cellular uptake of histamine chloramine was 5-10-fold less. With histamine chloramine, GSSG was a minor product and most of the GSH was converted to mixed disulfides with proteins. HOCl gave a different profile of GSH oxidation products, with significantly less GSSG and mixed disulfide formation. There was irreversible oxidation and losses to the medium, as observed with HOCl and other cell types. Thus, histamine chloramine shows high preference for thiols both in isolation and in cells, and in this respect is more selective than HOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Peskin
- Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
In early starvation tissue protein degradation increases, however in later starvation proteolysis declines so as to pace gradual atrophy during synthetic failure. Secondary decline of proteolytic pathways under progressive nutritional desperation is unexplained. After several days of starvation tissue GSH is partly depleted and GSSG/GSH is increased, followed by onset of ketonemia from fat breakdown. Ketone bodies inexplicably delay net muscle protein loss. Recent studies identify a proteome subset of more than 200 proteins with reactive sulfhydryl sites as candidates for coordinate redox control of diverse cell functions. Ketones cause protein sulfhydryl oxidation and protein S-glutathionylation. Here, redox-responsive proteolytic pathways were bio-assayed by release of [3H]leucine from rat myocardium under non-recirculating perfusion. More than 75% of myocardial protein degradation was inhibited and defined by infusion of diamide (100 microM) under constant physiologic concentrations of complete amino acids. Diamide-inhibitable proteolysis includes all lysosomal and some extra-lysosomal proteolysis. Following diamide washout, the reversal of proteolytic inhibitory action was greatly enhanced by artificial repletion of GSH by supra-physiologic extra-cellular GSH (1mM) exposure. Therefore, GSH maintains much of constitutive protein degradation in a primary tissue bioassay. Physiologic acetoacetate infusion (5mM) inhibited redox-responsive protein degradation. Uniformly [3H]leucine labeled 3T3 cells exhibited similar redox-dependent and redox-independent subcomponents of protein degradation. Independent of ketones, steady state cathepsin B reaction rate ex vivo was graded in proportion to the GSH concentration without GSSG, and inversely proportional to the GSSG/GSH redox ratio with inhibitory threshold at 0.5% oxidized. Linkage of some cysteine protease reaction rates to the interplay between GSH-GSSG/GSH status and ketonemia is suggested among transcendent mechanisms coordinating and pacing proteome turnover under prolonged starvation. The possibility of pre-emptive, redox coordination of distinct proteolytic pathways is speculatively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Cox Bldg, 3525 Southern Blvd, Kettering, OH 45429, USA.
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Borges CR, Geddes T, Watson JT, Kuhn DM. Dopamine biosynthesis is regulated by S-glutathionylation. Potential mechanism of tyrosine hydroxylast inhibition during oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:48295-302. [PMID: 12376535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209042200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine, is inhibited by the sulfhydryl oxidant diamide in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of diamide on TH catalytic activity is enhanced significantly by GSH. Treatment of TH with diamide in the presence of [(35)S]GSH results in the incorporation of (35)S into the enzyme. The effect of diamide-GSH on TH activity is prevented by dithiothreitol (DTT), as is the binding of [(35)S]GSH, indicating the formation of a disulfide linkage between GSH and TH protein cysteinyls. Loss of TH catalytic activity caused by diamide-GSH is partially recovered by DTT and glutaredoxin, whereas the disulfide linkage of GSH with TH is completely reversed by both. Treatment of intact PC12 cells with diamide results in a concentration-dependent inhibition of TH activity. Incubation of cells with [(35)S]cysteine, to label cellular GSH prior to diamide treatment, followed by immunoprecipitation of TH shows that the loss of TH catalytic activity is associated with a DTT-reversible incorporation of [(35)S]GSH into the enzyme. A combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the sites of S-glutathionylation in TH. Six cysteines (177, 249, 263, 329, 330, and 380) of the seven cysteine residues in TH were confirmed as substrates for modification. Only Cys-311 was not S-glutathionylated. These results establish that TH activity is influenced in a reversible manner by S-glutathionylation and suggest that cellular GSH may regulate dopamine biosynthesis under conditions of oxidative stress or drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Borges
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Klatt
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Furuhata A, Nakamura M, Osawa T, Uchida K. Thiolation of protein-bound carcinogenic aldehyde. An electrophilic acrolein-lysine adduct that covalently binds to thiols. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:27919-26. [PMID: 12032148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202794200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein, a representative carcinogenic aldehyde that could be ubiquitously generated in biological systems under oxidative stress, shows facile reactivity with the epsilon-amino group of lysine to form N(epsilon)-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)lysine (FDP-lysine) as the major product (Uchida, K., Kanematsu, M., Morimitsu, Y., Osawa, T., Noguchi, N., and Niki, E. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16058-16066). In the present study, we determined the electrophilic potential of FDP-lysine and established a novel mechanism of protein thiolation in which the FDP-lysine generated in the acrolein-modified protein reacts with sulfhydryl groups to form thioether adducts. When a sulfhydryl enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was incubated with acrolein-modified bovine serum albumin in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 37 degrees C, a significant loss of sulfhydryl groups, which was accompanied by the loss of enzyme activity and the formation of high molecular mass protein species (>200 kDa), was observed. The FDP-lysine adduct generated in the acrolein-modified protein was suggested to represent a thiol-reactive electrophile based on the following observations. (i) N(alpha)-acetyl-FDP-lysine, prepared from the reaction of N(alpha)-acetyl lysine with acrolein, was covalently bound to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (ii) The FDP-lysine derivative reacted with glutathione to form a GSH conjugate. (iii) The acrolein-modified bovine serum albumin significantly reacted with GSH to form a glutathiolated protein. Furthermore, the observation that the glutathiolated acrolein-modified protein showed decreased immunoreactivity with an anti-FDP-lysine monoclonal antibody suggested that the FDP-lysine residues in the acrolein-modified protein served as the binding site of GSH. These data suggest that thiolation of the protein-bound acrolein may be involved in redox alteration under oxidative stress, whereby oxidative stress generates the increased production of acrolein and its protein adducts that further potentiate oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Furuhata
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Shenton D, Perrone G, Quinn KA, Dawes IW, Grant CM. Regulation of protein S-thiolation by glutaredoxin 5 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:16853-9. [PMID: 11882660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200559200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible oxidation of cysteine residues can be prevented by protein S-thiolation, a process by which protein -SH groups form mixed disulfides with low molecular weight thiols such as glutathione. We report here that this protein modification is not a simple response to the cellular redox state, since different oxidants lead to different patterns of protein S-thiolation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the major target for modification following treatment with hydroperoxides (hydrogen peroxide or tert-butylhydroperoxide), whereas this enzyme is unaffected following cellular exposure to the thiol oxidant diamide. Further evidence that protein S-thiolation is tightly regulated in response to oxidative stress is provided by the finding that the Tdh3 GAPDH isoenzyme, and not the Tdh2 isoenzyme, is S-thiolated following exposure to H(2)O(2) in vivo, whereas both GAPDH isoenzymes are S-thiolated when H(2)O(2) is added to cell-free extracts. This indicates that cellular factors are likely to be responsible for the difference in GAPDH S-thiolation observed in vivo rather than intrinsic structural differences between the GAPDH isoenzymes. To begin to search for factors that can regulate the S-thiolation process, we investigated the role of the glutaredoxin family of oxidoreductases. We provide the first evidence that protein dethiolation in vivo is regulated by a monothiol-glutaredoxin rather than the classical glutaredoxins, which contain two active site cysteine residues. In particular, glutaredoxin 5 is required for efficient dethiolation of the Tdh3 GAPDH isoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shenton
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom
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Ranjbar A, Pasalar P, Abdollahi M. Induction of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in organophosphorous pesticide manufacturing workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002; 21:179-82. [PMID: 12099619 DOI: 10.1191/0960327102ht238oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were studied in blood samples obtained from 45 organophosphorous (OP)-formulating pesticide workers with a minimum work history of 1 year in the age range of 23-55. Controls were age-matched workers of a food-making factory. They were evaluated for oxidative stress markers, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) indicator of lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) indicator of total anti-oxidant capacity, total thiol (SH) groups and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels in blood and AChE activity in erythrocytes. The results show marked inhibition of AChE activity, increased TBARS, decreased FRAP and decreased thiol group levels in workers. The reduction in activity of AChE correlated well with increased TBARS and decreased FRAP in OP formulators. It is concluded that OP-formulating workers are exposed to more oxidative stress. The measurement of erythrocyte AChE activity in pesticide workers who formulate OPs can be a good monitoring factor and is recommended to be performed in a regular manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjbar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Pullar JM, Vissers MC, Winterbourn CC. Glutathione oxidation by hypochlorous acid in endothelial cells produces glutathione sulfonamide as a major product but not glutathione disulfide. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:22120-5. [PMID: 11283008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102088200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cells with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at sublethal doses causes a concentration-dependent loss in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. We have investigated the products of the reaction of HOCl with GSH in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Despite a complete loss of GSH, there were only very small increases in intracellular and extracellular glutathione disulfide and glutathione sulfonic acid after exposure to HOCl. (35)S labeling of the GSH pool showed only a minimal increase in protein-bound GSH, suggesting that S-thiolation was not a major contributor to HOCl-mediated loss of GSH in endothelial cells. Rather, the products of the reaction were mostly exported from cells and included a peak that co-eluted with the cyclic sulfonamide that is a product of the reaction of GSH with reagent HOCl. Evidence of this species in endothelial cell supernatants after HOCl treatment was also obtained using electrospray mass spectrometry. In conclusion, exposure to HOCl causes the irreversible loss of cellular GSH with the formation of novel products that are rapidly exported from the cell, and resynthesis of GSH will be required to restore levels. The loss of GSH would alter the redox state of the cell and compromise its defenses against further oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pullar
- Free Radical Research Group, Department of Pathology, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Naskalski
- Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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