1
|
Guo X, Du W, Li J, Dong J, Shen X, Su C, Zhao A, Wu Y, Xu M. A Comparative Study on the Mechanism of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Mediated by the Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fusion Protein ESAT6-CFP10 and Purified Protein Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16612. [PMID: 38068935 PMCID: PMC10706316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While purified protein derivative (PPD) is commonly used as skin diagnostic reagent for tuberculosis (TB) infection, it cannot distinguish effectively Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. The new skin reagent ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) has favorable sensitivity and specificity, which can overcome limitations associated with PPD. At present, EC skin test reactions are mainly characterized by erythema, while PPD mainly causes induration. We conducted a comparative study on the potential differences between EC-induced erythema and PPD-induced induration using a guinea pig model. The size of EC-dependent erythema was similar to that of PPD-induced induration, and an inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as tissue damage, appeared at the injection site. The lymphocytes included CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, which released IFN-γ as the main cytokine. Both EC erythema and PPD induration could lead to increased levels of acute-phase proteins, and the differential pathways were similar, thus indicating that the main induced immune pathways were similar. The above results indicated that erythema produced by EC could generate the main delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response characteristic of PPD induration, thereby suggesting that erythema might also have a certain diagnostic significance and provide a possible theoretical basis for its use as a diagnostic indicator for detecting MTB infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Weixin Du
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Junli Li
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Cheng Su
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yongge Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Tuberculosis Vaccine and Allergen Products, Institute of Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (W.D.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (C.S.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu M, Liu D, Zhu F, Yu Y, Ye Z, Xu J. Diagnostic Value of Immunological Biomarkers in Children with Asthmatic Bronchitis and Asthma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1765. [PMID: 37893483 PMCID: PMC10608232 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of immunological biomarkers in children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma and to develop a machine learning (ML) model for rapid differential diagnosis of these two diseases. Materials and Methods: Immunological biomarkers in peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry. The importance of characteristic variables was ranked and screened using random forest and extra trees algorithms. Models were constructed and tested using the Scikit-learn ML library. K-fold cross-validation and Brier scores were used to evaluate and screen models. Results: Children with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma exhibit distinct degrees of immune dysregulation characterized by divergent patterns of humoral and cellular immune responses. CD8+ T cells and B cells were more dominant in differentiating the two diseases among many immunological biomarkers. Random forest showed a comprehensive high performance compared with other models in learning and training the dataset of immunological biomarkers. Conclusions: This study developed a prediction model for early differential diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma using immunological biomarkers. Evaluation of the immune status of patients may provide additional clinical information for those children transforming from asthmatic bronchitis to asthma under recurrent attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China; (M.W.); (D.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szukala W, Pilarczyk-Zurek M, Folkert J, Kotlinowski J, Koziel J, Jura J. Depletion of Mcpip1 in murine myeloid cells results in intestinal dysbiosis followed by allergic inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166764. [PMID: 37257731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MCPIP1 (called also Regnase-1) is a negative regulator of inflammation. Knockout of the Zc3h12a gene, encoding Mcpip1 in cells of myeloid origin (Mcpip1MKO), has a pathological effect on many organs. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze pathological changes in the skin caused by Mcpip1 deficiency in phagocytes with an emphasis on its molecular mechanism associated with microbiome dysbiosis. Mcpip1MKO mice exhibited spontaneous wound formation on the skin. On a molecular level, the Th2-type immune response was predominantly characterized by an increase in Il5 and Il13 transcript levels, as well as eosinophil and mast cell infiltration. Irritation by DNFB led to a more severe skin contact allergy in Mcpip1MKO mice. Allergic reactions on the skin were strongly influenced by gut dysbiosis and enhanced systemic dissemination of bacteria. This process was followed by activation of the C/EBP pathway in peripheral macrophages, leading to local changes in the cytokine microenvironment that promoted the Th2 response. A reduced bacterial load inhibited allergic inflammation, indicating the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of skin diseases. Our results clearly show that MCPIP1 in phagocytes is an essential negative regulator that controls the gut-skin axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Szukala
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Folkert
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Marchi S, Cecchin E, De Marchi SU, Iuri F, Sechi LA. Subendotyping of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-Induced Rhinitis and Its Impact on Respiratory Comorbidities. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:922-929.e2. [PMID: 36535525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of delayed hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) on comorbidities of allergic rhinitis (AR) is unknown. OBJECTIVE The primary end point was to test the hypothesis that DP-induced AR could be divided into 2 subendotypes on the basis of presence or absence of a delayed-type mite sensitization detected by the positive result of atopy patch test for DP (DP-APT). The second end point was to evaluate differences in the long-term risk of respiratory comorbidities and nasal airway response to mite exposure. METHODS In a prospective observational study, we included 472 patients with DP-induced AR. A total of 343 patients had positive results of skin prick test/serum specific IgE and DP-APT and were assigned to a subendotype with both IgE- and T-cell-mediated mite sensitization (BMSS). The remaining 129 patients without delayed-type mite sensitization were included in the subendotype with only IgE-mediated mite sensitization. Nasal allergen provocation test with active anterior rhinomanometry, paranasal sinuses computed tomography scan, nasal endoscopy, and spirometry were performed. RESULTS At baseline, BMSS showed a larger increase in nasal airway resistance, total nasal score, and visual analogue scale score to mite exposure. During a 15-year follow-up, 56 patients developed chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, with higher incidence in BMSS than in the subendotype with only IgE-mediated mite sensitization (50 patients, 14.6% vs 6 patients, 12.4%; P < .001). BMSS also showed a higher incidence of conjunctivitis (25.7% vs 12.4%; P < .01). The rate of adult-onset asthma did not differ between groups, but patients with BMSS showed a more frequent link to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (6 of 29 patients, 20.7% vs 0 of 10 patients, 0%). DP-APT independently predicted chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and conjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS Two subendotypes with significantly different clinical outcome can be identified among patients with DP-induced AR according to the presence of delayed-type mite sensitization detected by positive DP-APT result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De Marchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Cecchin
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Federico Iuri
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Allergy in Cancer Care: Antineoplastic Therapy-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043886. [PMID: 36835299 PMCID: PMC9961679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the backbone of oncological treatments, systemic chemotherapy is still one of the main pawns in cancer care, alone or in combination with newer targeted agents. All chemotherapy agents can be associated with a type of adverse event called an infusion reaction, which can be characterized as unpredictable, non-dose related, and unexplained by the cytotoxic profile of the drug. For some of these events, a certain immunological mechanism can be identified by blood or skin testing. In this case, we can speak of true hypersensitivity reactions that occur as a response to an antigen/allergen. The current work summarizes the main antineoplastic therapy agents and their susceptibility to induce hypersensitivity reactions and also includes a review of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods in hypersensitivity reactions, and perspectives to overcome these negative events in the treatment of patients suffering from various types of cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mouri M, Imamura M, Suzuki S, Kawasaki T, Ishizaki Y, Sakurai K, Nagafuchi H, Matsumura N, Uchida M, Ando T, Yoshioka K, Ooka S, Sugihara T, Miyoshi H, Mori M, Okada T, Yamaguchi M, Kunishima H, Kato M, Kawahata K. Serum polyethylene glycol-specific IgE and IgG in patients with hypersensitivity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Allergol Int 2022; 71:512-519. [PMID: 35718709 PMCID: PMC9167845 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of allergic reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has not been clarified. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a potential antigen in the components of vaccines. However, there is little evidence that allergy after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is related to PEG. Furthermore, the role of polysorbate (PS) as an antigen has also not been clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate whether PEG and PS allergies are reasonable causes of allergic symptoms after vaccination by detecting PEG-specific and PS-specific antibodies. METHODS Fourteen patients who developed immediate allergic reactions to BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines and nineteen healthy controls who did not present allergic symptoms were recruited. Serum PEG-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and PS-specific IgE and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Skin tests using PEG-2000 and PS-80 were applied to five patients and three controls. RESULTS Serum levels of PEG-specific IgE and IgG in patients with immediate allergic reactions to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were higher than those in the control group. Serum levels of PS-specific IgE in patients with allergy to the vaccine were higher than those in patients of the control group. Intradermal tests using PEG verified the results for PEG-specific IgE and IgG. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PEG is one of the antigens in the allergy to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Cross-reactivity between PEG and PS might be crucial for allergy to the vaccines. PEG-specific IgE and IgG may be useful in diagnosing allergy to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Mouri
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Imamura
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishizaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sakurai
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagafuchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Matsumura
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marina Uchida
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ando
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshioka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seido Ooka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sugihara
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Livelong Care Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Department of Otolaryngology and Health Service Center, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masao Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Majewska-Szczepanik M, Kowalczyk P, Marcińska K, Strzępa A, Lis GJ, Susan Wong F, Szczepanik M, Wen L. Obesity aggravates contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:28-39. [PMID: 35234303 PMCID: PMC9949724 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation in tissues and predisposes to various complications, including inflammatory skin diseases. However, the link between obesity and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the influence of obesity on T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated CHS. METHODS The activity/phenotype/cytokine profile of the immune cells was tested in vivo and in vitro. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we tested the role of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in increasing the effects of CHS. RESULTS Exacerbated CHS correlates with an increased inflammation-inducing GM in obese mice. We showed a proinflammatory milieu in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese mice, accompanied by proinflammatory CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in skin draining lymph nodes and spleen. Obese interleukin (IL)-17A-/-B6 mice are protected from CHS aggravation, suggesting the importance of IL-17A in CHS aggravation in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity creates a milieu that induces more potent CHS-effector cells but does not have effects on already activated CHS-effector cells. IL-17A is essential for the pathogenesis of enhanced CHS during obesity. Our study provides novel knowledge about antigen-specific responses in obesity, which may help with the improvement of existing treatment and/or in designing novel treatment for obesity-associated skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paulina Kowalczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcińska
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Strzępa
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J. Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fratzke AP, Gregory AE, van Schaik EJ, Samuel JE. Coxiella burnetii Whole Cell Vaccine Produces a Th1 Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response in a Novel Sensitized Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754712. [PMID: 34616410 PMCID: PMC8488435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Q-VAX®, a whole cell, formalin-inactivated vaccine, is the only vaccine licensed for human use to protect against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever. Although this vaccine provides long-term protection, local and systemic reactogenic responses are common in previously sensitized individuals which prevents its use outside of Australia. Despite the importance of preventing these adverse reactions to develop widely accepted, novel vaccines against C. burnetii, little is understood about the underlying cellular mechanisms. This is mostly attributed to the use of a guinea pig reactogenicity model where complex cellular analysis is limited. To address this, we compared three different mouse strains develop a model of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenic responses. SKH1 and C57Bl/6, but not BALBc mice, develop local granulomatous reactions after either infection- or vaccine-induced sensitization. We evaluated local and systemic responses by measuring T cell populations from the vaccination site and spleen during elicitation using flow cytometry. Local reaction sites showed influx of IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in sensitized mice compared with controls and a reduction in IL4+ CD4 T cells. Additionally, sensitized mice showed a systemic response to elicitation by an increase in IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in the spleen. These results indicate that local and systemic C. burnetii reactogenic responses are consistent with a Th1 delayed-type hypersensitivity. Our experiments provide insights into the pathophysiology of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenicity and demonstrate that C57Bl/6 and SKH1 mice can provide a valuable model for evaluating the reactogenicity of novel C. burnetii vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alycia P. Fratzke
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anthony E. Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erin J. van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
HMGB1-mediated chromatin remodeling attenuates Il24 gene expression for the protection from allergic contact dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022343118. [PMID: 33443188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022343118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes promote the pathogenesis of the skin inflammation, such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been implicated in the promotion of skin inflammation upon its extracellular release as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. However, whether and how HMGB1 in keratinocytes contributes to ACD and other skin disorders remain elusive. In this study, we generated conditional knockout mice in which the Hmgb1 gene is specifically deleted in keratinocytes, and examined its role in ACD models. Interestingly, the mutant mice showed exacerbated skin inflammation, accompanied by increased ear thickening in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenezene-induced ACDs. The mRNA expression of interleukin-24 (IL-24), a cytokine known to critically contribute to ACD pathogenesis, was elevated in skin lesions of the mutant mice. As with constitutively expressed, IL-4-induced Il24 mRNA, expression was also augmented in the Hmgb1-deficient keratinocytes, which would account for the exacerbation of ACD in the mutant mice. Mechanistically, we observed an increased binding of trimethyl histone H3 (lys4) (H3K4me3), a hallmark of transcriptionally active genes, to the promoter region of the Il24 gene in the hmgb1-deficient cells. Thus, the nuclear HMGB1 is a critical "gate keeper" in that the dermal homeostasis is contingent to its function in chromatin remodeling. Our study revealed a facet of nuclear HMGB1, namely its antiinflammatory function in keratinocytes for the skin homeostasis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Krebs K, Bovijn J, Zheng N, Lepamets M, Censin JC, Jürgenson T, Särg D, Abner E, Laisk T, Luo Y, Skotte L, Geller F, Feenstra B, Wang W, Auton A, Raychaudhuri S, Esko T, Metspalu A, Laur S, Roden DM, Wei WQ, Holmes MV, Lindgren CM, Phillips EJ, Mägi R, Milani L, Fadista J. Genome-wide Study Identifies Association between HLA-B ∗55:01 and Self-Reported Penicillin Allergy. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:612-621. [PMID: 32888428 PMCID: PMC7536643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs are often unpredictable and can be life threatening, underscoring a need for understanding their underlying mechanisms and risk factors. The extent to which germline genetic variation influences the risk of commonly reported drug allergies such as penicillin allergy remains largely unknown. We extracted data from the electronic health records of more than 600,000 participants from the UK, Estonian, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center's BioVU biobanks to study the role of genetic variation in the occurrence of self-reported penicillin hypersensitivity reactions. We used imputed SNP to HLA typing data from these cohorts to further fine map the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association and replicated our results in 23andMe's research cohort involving a total of 1.12 million individuals. Genome-wide meta-analysis of penicillin allergy revealed two loci, including one located in the HLA region on chromosome 6. This signal was further fine-mapped to the HLA-B∗55:01 allele (OR 1.41 95% CI 1.33-1.49, p value 2.04 × 10-31) and confirmed by independent replication in 23andMe's research cohort (OR 1.30 95% CI 1.25-1.34, p value 1.00 × 10-47). The lead SNP was also associated with lower lymphocyte counts and in silico follow-up suggests a potential effect on T-lymphocytes at HLA-B∗55:01. We also observed a significant hit in PTPN22 and the GWAS results correlated with the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. We present robust evidence for the role of an allele of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I gene HLA-B in the occurrence of penicillin allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jonas Bovijn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Neil Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jenny C Censin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Tuuli Jürgenson
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Dage Särg
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu 51009, Estonia
| | - Erik Abner
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Yang Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - Wei Wang
- 23andMe, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA
| | | | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Sven Laur
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu 51009, Estonia; STACC, Tartu 51009, Estonia
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN 37232, USA; Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
| | - João Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haywood S, Garioch J, Ramaiya A, Moncrieff M. Quantitative and Spatial Analysis of CD8+/PD-1 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response of Melanoma In-Transit Metastases to Topical Immunotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1029-1038. [PMID: 32542563 PMCID: PMC7801318 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Melanoma in-transit metastases (ITMs) are a challenge to treat and associated with systemic disease and poor prognosis. Topical diphencyprone (DPCP), a potent contact sensitizer, is an established treatment for melanoma ITMs. This exploratory study investigated the utility of BRAF mutation status, CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, and TILs distribution as biomarkers for response of ITMs to topical immunotherapy (DPCP). Methods The ITM deposits of 40 patients treated with DPCP were subjected to biomarker analysis for BRAF status, CD8 and PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor PD-L1 expression. Response to DPCP and overall survival (OS) were compared by biomarker status. Results After 12 weeks, 10 patients (25%) had a complete response, 12 patients (30%) had a partial response, and 18 patients (45%) had no response. No significant association was found between any individual biomarker and response to DPCP or OS. The BRAF mutation rate was 25% (10/40). All the patients with a complete response had BRAF wild-type tumor. Peritumoral CD8+ T-cells were associated with complete response (P = 0.041). Both CD8+ and PD-1 expressions were highly correlated (P < 0.0001), and the highest levels of PD-1 expression were detected at the peritumoral interface (P = 0.0004). Only two cases were PD-L1-positive, and both had a complete response to DPCP (P = 0.043). Conclusion Patients who have BRAF wild-type tumor are more likely to experience a complete response to DPCP. Peritumoral TILs and PD-1 expressions may predict a better response to DPCP. Expression of PD-L1 may be associated with a complete response to DPCP. A larger prospective study is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Haywood
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jennifer Garioch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Arjun Ramaiya
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Cotman Centre of Cellular Pathology, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Marc Moncrieff
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palchevskiy V, Xue YY, Kern R, Weigt SS, Gregson AL, Song SX, Fishbein MC, Hogaboam CM, Sayah DM, Lynch JP, Keane MP, Brooks DG, Belperio JA. CCR4 expression on host T cells is a driver for alloreactive responses and lung rejection. JCI Insight 2019; 5:121782. [PMID: 31085832 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite current immunosuppressive strategies, long-term lung transplant outcomes remain poor due to rapid allogenic responses. Using a stringent mouse model of allo-airway transplantation, we identify the CCR4-ligand axis as a central node driving secondary lymphoid tissue homing and activation of the allogeneic T cells that prevent long-term allograft survival. CCR4 deficiency on transplant recipient T cells diminishes allograft injury and when combined with CTLA4-Ig leads to an unprecedented long-term lung allograft accommodation. Thus, we identify CCR4-ligand interactions as a central mechanism driving allogeneic transplant rejection and suggest it as a potential target to enhance long-term lung transplant survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Palchevskiy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Ying Xue
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rita Kern
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen S Weigt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aric L Gregson
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sophie X Song
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David M Sayah
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph P Lynch
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael P Keane
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ellestad LE, Cogburn LA, Simon J, Le Bihan-Duval E, Aggrey SE, Byerly MS, Duclos MJ, Porter TE. Transcriptional profiling and pathway analysis reveal differences in pituitary gland function, morphology, and vascularization in chickens genetically selected for high or low body weight. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:316. [PMID: 31023219 PMCID: PMC6482517 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though intensive genetic selection has led to extraordinary advances in growth rate and feed efficiency in production of meat-type chickens, endocrine processes controlling these traits are still poorly understood. The anterior pituitary gland is a central component of the neuroendocrine system and plays a key role in regulating important physiological processes that directly impact broiler production efficiency, though how differences in pituitary gland function contribute to various growth and body composition phenotypes is not fully understood. Results Global anterior pituitary gene expression was evaluated on post-hatch weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 in male broiler chickens selected for high (HG) or low (LG) growth. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with gene ontology categorization, self-organizing maps, gene interaction network determination, and upstream regulator identification to uncover novel pituitary genes and pathways contributing to differences in growth and body composition. A total of 263 genes were differentially expressed between HG and LG anterior pituitary glands (P ≤ 0.05 for genetic line-by-age interaction or main effect of line; ≥1.6-fold difference between lines), including genes encoding four anterior pituitary hormones. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle-mediated transport were differentially expressed and are predicted to influence expression and secretion of pituitary hormones. DEGs involved in immune regulation provide evidence that inflammation and response to cellular stressors may compromise pituitary function in LG birds, affecting their ability to adequately produce pituitary hormones. Many DEGs were also predicted to function in processes that regulate organ morphology and angiogenesis, suggesting pituitary gland structure differs between the divergently selected lines. Conclusions The large number of DEGs within the anterior pituitary gland of birds selected for high or low body weight highlights the importance of this gland in regulating economically important traits such as growth and body composition in broiler chickens. Intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, and membrane trafficking are important cellular processes contributing to proper hormone production and secretion. The data also suggest that pituitary function is intimately tied to structure, and organization of the gland could influence hypothalamic and systemic metabolic inputs and delivery of hormones regulating growth and metabolism into peripheral circulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5670-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Larry A Cogburn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jean Simon
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Mardi S Byerly
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michel J Duclos
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parra FL, Caimi AT, Altube MJ, Cargnelutti DE, Vermeulen ME, de Farias MA, Portugal RV, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Make It Simple: (SR-A1+TLR7) Macrophage Targeted NANOarchaeosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:163. [PMID: 30460231 PMCID: PMC6232313 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhalophilic archaebacteria exclusively produce sn2,3 diphytanylglycerol diether archaeolipids, unique structures absent in bacteria and eukaryotes. Nanovesicles made of archaeolipids known as nanoarchaeosomes (nanoARC), possess highly stable bilayers, some of them displaying specific targeting ability. Here we hypothesize that nanoARC made from Halorubrum tebenquichense archaebacteria, may constitute efficient carriers for the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ). NanoARC-IMQ takes advantage of the intense interaction between IMQ and the highly disordered, poorly fluid branched archaeolipid bilayers, rich in archaeol analog of methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP-Me), a natural ligand of scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1). This approach lacks complex manufacture steps required for bilayers labeling, enabling future analytical characterization, batch reproducibility, and adaptation to higher scale production. SR-A1 mediated internalization of particulate material is mostly targeted to macrophages and is extensive because it is not submitted to a negative feedback. A massive and selective intracellular delivery of IMQ may concentrate its effect specifically into the endosomes, where the TLR7 is expressed, magnifying its immunogenicity, at the same time reducing its systemic bioavailability, and therefore it's in vivo adverse effects. NanoARC-IMQ (600-900 nm diameter oligolamellar vesicles of ~-43 mV Z potential) were heavily loaded with IMQ at ~44 μg IMQ/mg phospholipids [~20 folds higher than the non-SR-A1 ligand soyPC liposomes loaded with IMQ (LIPO-IMQ)]. In vitro, nanoARC-IMQ induced higher TNF-α and IL-6 secretion by J774A1 macrophages compared to same dose of IMQ and same lipid dose of LIPO-IMQ. In vivo, 3 subcutaneous doses of nanoARC-IMQ+ 10 μg total leishmania antigens (TLA) at 50 μg IMQ per Balb/C mice, induced more pronounced DTH response, accompanied by a nearly 2 orders higher antigen-specific systemic IgG titers than IMQ+TLA and LIPO-IMQ. The isotype ratio of nanoARC-IMQ+TLA remained ~0.5 indicating, the same as IMQ+TLA, a Th2 biased response distinguished by a pronounced increase in antibody titers, without negative effects on splenocytes lymphoproliferation, with a potential CD8+LT induction 10 days after the last dose. Overall, this first approach showed that highly SR-A1 mediated internalization of heavily loaded nanoARC-IMQ, magnified the effect of IMQ on TLR7 expressing macrophages, leading to a more intense in vivo immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Leonel Parra
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Ayelen Tatiana Caimi
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Maria Julia Altube
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Mendoza, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mónica Elba Vermeulen
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Maria Jose Morilla
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nanomedicine Research & Development Center, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hanada S, Tsuruta T, Haraguchi K, Okamoto M, Sugiyama H, Koido S. Long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patients treated with multimodal therapy combined with WT1-targeted dendritic cell vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:397-406. [PMID: 30230959 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1524238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the most aggressive tumors with a dismally poor prognosis. Although surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment, most PDAs are not surgically resectable at diagnosis. Therefore, multimodal therapy is urgently needed to improve the long-term survival of PDA patients. METHODS Six eligible PDA patients underwent multimodal therapy comprising dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) peptide (DC/WT1-I) restricted by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A*24:02 or A*02:06) allele, chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery. Patient laboratory data, DC/WT1-I-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, and WT1-specific immune responses were analyzed to assess the prognostic markers of multimodal therapy. RESULTS Compared to 2-treatment type combinations, multimodal therapy involving 3 to 4 treatment types was significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.0177). Moreover, after 7 DC/WT1-I vaccinations, the progression-free survival (PFS) of PDA patients with a neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) level less than the median was superior to that of PDA patients with values above the median (p = 0.0246). PDA patients with an overall survival (OS)>1000 days had significantly more lymphocytes after one DC/WT1-I vaccination course than did those with an OS<1000 days. CONCLUSION Multimodal therapy involving the DC/WT1-I vaccination may benefit patients with advanced PDA. However, comparing the limited number of PDA patients in terms of survival is difficult because the patients were at different disease stages and received different treatments. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefits of this multimodal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Hanada
- a Department of Hematology , National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuruta
- a Department of Hematology , National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kouichi Haraguchi
- a Department of Hematology , National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- b Department of Advanced Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- c Department of Functional Diagnostic Science , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- d Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Hematology , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Kashiwa City , Chiba , Japan.,e Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Kashiwa City , Chiba , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stanniocalcin-2 contributes to mesenchymal stromal cells attenuating murine contact hypersensitivity mainly via reducing CD8 + Tc1 cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29748538 PMCID: PMC5945630 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to ameliorate allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a typical T-cell-mediated disorder. However, the underlying mechanisms behind the MSC-based treatment for ACD have not yet been fully elucidated. The stanniocalcins (STCs) comprise a family of secreted glycoprotein hormones that act as important anti-inflammatory proteins. Here, we investigated the roles of STCs in MSC-mediated T-cell suppression and their potential role in the MSC-based treatment for ACD. Gene expression profiling revealed that STC2, but not STC1, was highly expressed in MSCs. STC2 knockdown in MSCs significantly impaired their effects in reducing TNF-α- and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Importantly, silencing the STC2 expression in MSCs abated their therapeutic effect on contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, mainly restoring the generation and infiltration of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc1 cells). Mechanistically, STC2 co-localized with heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in MSCs, and contributed to MSC-mediated reduction of CD8+ Tc1 cells via regulating HO-1 activity. Together, these findings newly identify STC2 as the first stanniocalcin responsible for mediating the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on allogeneic T cells and STC2 contribute to MSC-based treatment for ACD mainly via reducing the CD8+ Tc1 cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Carrascosa JM, Del-Alcazar E. New therapies versus first-generation biologic drugs in psoriasis: a review of adverse events and their management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:259-273. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1454835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Carrascosa
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Afolayan FID, Erinwusi B, Oyeyemi OT. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin-entrapped poly d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid nanoparticles in mice. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:168-175. [PMID: 29989030 PMCID: PMC6035456 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that curcumin from Curcuma longa has a wide range of medicinal and immunomodulatory properties. These activities have, however, been hindered by its low bioavailability. Meanwhile, incorporation of nanoparticles has been shown to increase bioavailability of certain drugs. This study was, therefore, conducted to comparatively evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of free and nanoparticulate curcumin in mice. Methods Healthy albino mice were sensitized with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and thereafter free and nanoparticulate curcumin were administered orally at doses of 5 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days to the mice. The assessment of the immunomodulatory activity was carried out by determining the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses using hemagglutination and delayed-type hypersensitivity assays, respectively. Hematological components and some lymphoid organs of treated mice were further evaluated. Results The study showed that nanoparticulate curcumin stimulated higher early cell-mediated immune response at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg when compared to control. While nanoparticulate curcumin significantly stimulated primary humoral immune response with 9.00 ± 1.00 antibody titre (p < 0.05), the free curcumin suppressed the immunity with 3.33 ± 0.67 antibody titre when compared to control. Similar result was observed with secondary humoral antibody titres. Production of white blood cells and weight of the lymphoid organs were also enhanced in the groups that received 10 mg/kg nanocurcumin. Conclusion This work showed that poly d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid entrapped curcumin nanoparticle could increase bioavailability of curcumin for improved immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funmilayo I D Afolayan
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Erinwusi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyetunde T Oyeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ganeshpurkar A, Saluja AK. Protective effect of catechin on humoral and cell mediated immunity in rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:261-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
20
|
Zhang X, Han Y, Song L, Huo L, Lai X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hua Z. A protective role for FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant in trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced murine contact hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:380-388. [PMID: 29277981 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a classic adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidence has shown that FADD is also implicated in T-cell development, activation and proliferation. The role of FADD in inflammatory disorders remains largely unexplored. AIM To assess the role of FADD in inflammatory disorders. METHODS We established an experimental model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN), RESULTS: CHS responses were clearly attenuated in FADD-DN mice compared with control mice. In the retroauricular lymph nodes, the ratio of CD8+ T cells was also decreased. CONCLUSION FADD-DN appears to play a protective role in TNCB-induced CHS reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing Universityand Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Y Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Huo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing Universityand Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Modulation of PD-L1 and CD8 Activity in Idiopathic and Infectious Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:100-109. [PMID: 27438510 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can reduce the immune response by inhibiting CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity. We studied a series of human viral (molloscum, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, smallpox) and bacterial infections (Helicobacter pylori) for the in situ expression of PD-L1, mononuclear cell infiltration, and CD8 activity and compared this to noninfectious idiopathic inflammatory conditions to better define which immune responses may be more highly correlated with an infectious agent. Each viral and bacterial infection showed an increased PD-L1 expression that was most prominent in the mononuclear cell/CD8+ infiltrate surrounding the infection. However, the CD8 cells were mostly quiescent as evidenced by the low Ki67 index and minimal granzyme expression. Using a melanoma mouse model, acute reovirus infection increased PD-L1 expression, but decreased CD8 cytotoxic activity and Treg (FOXP3) cell numbers. In comparison, idiopathic noninfectious chronic inflammatory processes including lichen sclerosis, eczema, Sjogren's disease, and ulcerative colitis showed a comparable strong PD-L1 expression in the mononuclear cell infiltrates but much greater Treg infiltration. However, this strong immunosuppressor profile was ineffective as evidenced by strong CD8 proliferation and granzyme expression. These data suggest that viral and bacterial infections induce a PD-L1 response that, unlike noninfectious chronic inflammatory conditions, dampens the activity of the recruited CD8 cells which, in turn, may enhance the ability of anti-PD-L1 therapy to eliminate the infectious agent.
Collapse
|
22
|
Khalil N, Churg A, Muller N, O'Connor R. Environmental, Inhaled and Ingested Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:86-96. [PMID: 17325977 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601064787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a general term that refers to a collection of connective tissue around alveolar structures. There are over 200 disorders where the lungs may be involved in a fibrotic response. To determine the cause of pulmonary fibrosis requires an in depth understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and breadth of knowledge of the causative agents and associated disorders that may lead to pulmonary fibrosis. A comprehensive evaluation of the patient is absolutely essential, starting with detailed history that includes an occupational and environmental history because fibrogenic exposures can occur in many settings. Equally important is a history of ingestion of pharmaceutical or nonpharmaceutical substances. A physical examination and judicious investigations are always a part of any comprehensive clinical assessment but they are not commonly helpful in elucidating the cause of most pulmonary fibrotic disorders. Although, a chest film is invariably done, a logical and strongly recommended next step is a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT provides a better assessment of the radiological pattern, may suggest a diagnosis as well as direct the site, and type of lung biopsy. If the history and investigations do not lead to a diagnosis then a lung biopsy is required. Prevention or removal of the inciting agent is critical to the treatment of these disorders and in some instances corticosteroids may be of help.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Vancouver General Hospital, V5Z 1M9, The University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fernández Hurst N, Bibolini MJ, Roth GA. Diazepam Inhibits Proliferation of Lymph Node Cells Isolated from Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:293-302. [PMID: 25721617 DOI: 10.1159/000369277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with similarities to human multiple sclerosis involving peripheral activation of autoreactive T cells which infiltrate the central nervous system and react to self antigens leading to damage. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that treatment with diazepam decreases the incidence and histological signs associated with the disease and diminishes immunological responses. The aim of the present work was to evaluate direct effects of diazepam on isolated T cells involved in immune responses during the development of EAE. METHODS Animals were sensitized with whole myelin to induce EAE and sacrificed during the acute phase of the disease. In mononuclear cells isolated from popliteal lymph nodes, cell viability, apoptosis induction, proliferation and cytokine production were evaluated. RESULTS Diazepam did not have a toxic or proapoptotic effect on the cells, at least up to the concentration of 25 μM, but proliferation, CD8+ T-cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine production were dose-dependently decreased. CONCLUSIONS Diazepam has a direct inhibitory effect on the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes isolated from the main lymphoid organ involved in disease onset and this could be one of the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effect previously observed with diazepam in vivo during EAE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Fernández Hurst
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crameri R, Garbani M, Rhyner C, Huitema C. Fungi: the neglected allergenic sources. Allergy 2014; 69:176-85. [PMID: 24286281 DOI: 10.1111/all.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are considered the epidemics of the twentieth century estimated to affect more than 30% of the population in industrialized countries with a still increasing incidence. During the past two decades, the application of molecular biology allowed cloning, production and characterization of hundreds of recombinant allergens. In turn, knowledge about molecular, chemical and biologically relevant allergens contributed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions. It has been largely demonstrated that fungi are potent sources of allergenic molecules covering a vast variety of molecular structures including enzymes, toxins, cell wall components and phylogenetically highly conserved cross-reactive proteins. Despite the large knowledge accumulated and the compelling evidence for an involvement of fungal allergens in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, fungi as a prominent source of allergens are still largely neglected in basic research as well as in clinical practice. This review aims to highlight the impact of fungal allergens with focus on asthma and atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Crameri
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - M. Garbani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Huitema
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vocanson M, Hennino A, Chavagnac C, Saint-Mezard P, Dubois B, Kaiserlian D, Nicolas JF. Contribution of CD4+and CD8+T-cells in contact hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 1:75-86. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Qiu Y, Yun MM, Xu MB, Wang YZ, Yun S. Pancreatic carcinoma-specific immunotherapy using synthesised alpha-galactosyl epitope-activated immune responders: findings from a pilot study. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 18:657-65. [PMID: 22847800 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-012-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC)-based and cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK)-based therapy can induce specific antitumor T-cell responses. This clinical pilot study examined the safety, the feasibility, and the outcome of tumor-specific immunotherapy for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Alpha-Gal epitopes were synthesised on pancreatic carcinoma cell membranes with α1,3-galactosyltransferase in vitro. Subsequently, the addition of natural human anti-Gal IgG to the processed membranes resulted in opsonization and effective phagocytosis by DCs, which were co-cultured with newly differentiated CIKs from bone marrow stem cells to generate tumor-specific immune responders ex vivo. Fourteen patients with inoperable stage III/IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the study; the treatment procedure consisted of injections of DCs and CIKs. RESULTS Clinical observation showed that the procedure was safe and lacked serious side effects. Tests showed that 12 patients had strong positive delayed-type IV hypersensitivity to the autologous cancer cell lysate; robust systemic cytotoxicity elicited by interferon (IFN)γ expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells; and significant increases in CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD45RO+, and CD3+CD56+ cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes after 3 injections. During the follow up, the percentages of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD45RO+, and CD3+CD56+ cells returned to the normal range at 6 to 9 months after the third injection and IFNγ expression in the cells stayed at the higher level from the third injection to 24 months after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS This new tumor-specific immunotherapy is safe, feasible, and has great potential for pancreatic carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Huhhot, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Uetrecht J, Naisbitt DJ. Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions: current concepts. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:779-808. [PMID: 23476052 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug reactions are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients; they also markedly increase the uncertainty of drug development. The major targets are skin, liver, and bone marrow. Clinical characteristics suggest that IDRs are immune mediated, and there is substantive evidence that most, but not all, IDRs are caused by chemically reactive species. However, rigorous mechanistic studies are very difficult to perform, especially in the absence of valid animal models. Models to explain how drugs or reactive metabolites interact with the MHC/T-cell receptor complex include the hapten and P-I models, and most recently it was found that abacavir can interact reversibly with MHC to alter the endogenous peptides that are presented to T cells. The discovery of HLA molecules as important risk factors for some IDRs has also significantly contributed to our understanding of these adverse reactions, but it is not yet clear what fraction of IDRs have a strong HLA dependence. In addition, with the exception of abacavir, most patients who have the HLA that confers a higher IDR risk with a specific drug will not have an IDR when treated with that drug. Interindividual differences in T-cell receptors and other factors also presumably play a role in determining which patients will have an IDR. The immune response represents a delicate balance, and immune tolerance may be the dominant response to a drug that can cause IDRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Uetrecht
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S3M2.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murdaca G, Spanò F, Puppo F. Selective TNF-α inhibitor-induced injection site reactions. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12:187-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.755957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Abstract
Allergies are generally thought to be a detrimental outcome of a mistargeted immune response that evolved to provide immunity to macroparasites. Here we present arguments to suggest that allergic immunity has an important role in host defence against noxious environmental substances, including venoms, haematophagous fluids, environmental xenobiotics and irritants. We argue that appropriately targeted allergic reactions are beneficial, although they can become detrimental when excessive. Furthermore, we suggest that allergic hypersensitivity evolved to elicit anticipatory responses and to promote avoidance of suboptimal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah W Palm
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Askenase PW, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Kerfoot S, Szczepanik M. Participation of iNKT cells in the early and late components of Tc1-mediated DNFB contact sensitivity: cooperative role of γδ-T cells. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:465-77. [PMID: 21272050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies of classical 24 h responses in TNP-Cl (picryl chloride) allergic contact sensitivity (CS), showed mediation by Th1 cells in CBA mice, and established that 24 h elicitation of responses requires an early 2 h CS-initiating component dependent on iNKT cells, IL-4 and B-1 B cells. Here, we studied the other form of cytotoxic T cell (Tc1) CS in DNFB sensitized BALB/c mice and determined that similar CS-initiation also is required. We systematically tested each step of the initiation pathway in this model. Thus, DNFB Tc1 CS was significantly impaired in iNKT cell deficient CD1d(-/-) and Jα18(-/-) mice, IL4Rα(-/-) and STAT-6(-/-) mice, and also in pan B-cell deficient JH(-/-) mice. Further, the Tc1 DNFB CS-initiating component, like Th1 response to TNP-Cl, was elicited by only 1-day after immunization, due to B-1 cells. In summary, we show that CS-Initiation also is required in Tc1 CS. Further, we have newly determined regulatory support of both the early and late components of DNFB induced Tc1 CS by iNKT cells and γδ-T cells. In summary, both iNKT cells and assisting γδ-T cells are involved in initiating and effector phases of DNFB induced CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Askenase
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hirasaki Y, Iwamura C, Yamashita M, Ito T, Kitajima M, Shinoda K, Namiki T, Terasawa K, Nakayama T. Repressor of GATA negatively regulates murine contact hypersensitivity through the inhibition of type-2 allergic responses. Clin Immunol 2011; 139:267-76. [PMID: 21398189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Repressor of GATA (ROG) inhibits Th2 cell differentiation and allergic airway inflammation in the lung. To determine the role of ROG in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a hapten-induced mouse model of CHS using ROG Tg and ROG-deficient (ROG(-/-)) was used. ROG Tg mice showed little ear swelling, while ROG(-/-) mice showed enhanced ear swelling in comparison to wild type mice. Interstitial edema and mast cell degranulation at the local inflammation sites were mild in ROG Tg mice and exacerbated in ROG(-/-) mice. In addition, the serum total IgE and hapten-specific IgG1 levels were increased in ROG(-/-) mice. Adoptive transfer of ROG(-/-) CD4(+) T cells exacerbated CHS in wild type mice, while transfer of ROG Tg CD4(+) T cells resulted in the attenuation of CHS. These results indicate ROG negatively regulates the induction of CHS by controlling the CD4(+) T cell-mediated allergic responses, including IgE generation and mast cell degranulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Hirasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Three protein cocktails mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity responses indistinguishable from that elicited by purified protein derivative in the guinea pig model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2010; 79:716-23. [PMID: 21134965 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00486-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified protein derivative (PPD) is a widely used reagent for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Recently, the molecular composition of PPD was defined, with hundreds of mycobacterial protein representatives making up PPD. Which, if any, of these specific products drive the potency of PPD remains in question. In this study, two proteins (DnaK and GroEL2) previously identified as dominant proteins in PPD were tested for the capacity to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in H37Rv-infected or BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. These two proteins were used in pull-down assays to identify interacting PPD products. Six proteins were identified as interacting partners with DnaK and GroEL2, i.e., Rv0009, Rv0475, Rv0569, Rv0685, Rv2626c, and Rv2632c. These six proteins were tested alone and in combination with DnaK and GroEL2 for the capacity to induce a DTH response in the guinea pig model. From these studies, two cocktails, DnaK/GroEL2/Rv0009 and DnaK/GroEL2/Rv0685, were found to induce DTH responses in H37Rv-infected or BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs that were indistinguishable from DTH responses driven by a PPD injection. The mechanism by which DTH responses were induced was elucidated by histologic examination, analysis of activated CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells, and cytokine mRNA expression at the site of the DTH response. PPD and the protein cocktails tested induced strong DTH responses in H37Rv-infected guinea pigs. Ex vivo phenotyping of T cells at the DTH site indicated that this response is mediated by activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, with increases in gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not interleukin-10, at the site of the DTH response. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the PPD response can be mimicked at the molecular level with defined protein cocktails. The use of this defined product will allow a more thorough understanding of the DTH response and may provide a platform for more rapid and sensitive second-generation skin test reagents for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
|
34
|
The leukocyte activation antigen CD69 limits allergic asthma and skin contact hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:355-65, 365.e1-3. [PMID: 20621339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases have a major health care impact in industrialized countries. The development of these diseases is influenced by exposure to allergen and to immunological and genetic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response that triggers allergy are not well defined. OBJECTIVE We have investigated the role of the leukocyte activation antigen CD69 in the regulation of two allergic diseases, asthma and contact dermatitis. METHODS Analysis of two models of allergic diseases in CD69 knockout and wild-type mice: ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation (BALB/c genetic background) and contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone (C57BL/6J genetic background). RESULTS CD69 deficiency dramatically enhanced the inflammatory response in the ovalbumin-induced asthma model of antigen-induced airway allergy. CD69 knockout mice showed exacerbated pulmonary eosinophil recruitment, high vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression levels in lung vasculature, and enhanced T(H)2 and T(H)17 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar space and lung tissue. In the hapten-induced cutaneous contact hypersensitivity model, both CD69 deficiency and treatment with anti-CD69 mAb increased inflammation. Treatment with contact allergens induced enhanced T(H)1 and T(H)17 responses in CD69 deficient mice, and neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibodies reduced skin inflammation. In both experimental systems, adoptive transfer of lymph node cells from CD69 knockout mice increased the inflammatory response in recipient mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the early activation receptor CD69 is an intrinsic modulator of immune allergic processes through the negative regulation of allergen-induced T-cell effector responses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodriguez B, Valdez H, Lange CG, Asaad R, Medvik K, Sieg SF. In vitro naïve T cell proliferation failure predicts poor post-immunization responses to neoantigen, but not recall antigens, in HIV-infection. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:400-8. [PMID: 20472504 PMCID: PMC2917530 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune reconstitution after HAART is incomplete, but no widely accepted method to quantify subclinical immune deficiency is available. We immunized 9 HIV-negative subjects and 29 HIV-infected patients with CD4>/=450 cells/microL and undetectable HIV RNA levels with 2 doses of diphtheria/tetanus toxoid (TT) and KLH, a presumed neoantigen. We quantified the response by lymphoproliferative assay, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and antibody titers up to 59days after enrollment. We assessed T cell proliferative capacity using anti-Vbeta3 and anti-Vbeta5 antibody stimulation, which we herein show induced predominant proliferation of naïve T cells. Subjects with detectable responses to KLH tended to exhibit greater proliferative responses to anti-Vbeta3/Vbeta5 stimulation; no such pattern was seen with response to TT. Several measures of in vitro T cell proliferative capacity correlated significantly with DTH and antibody responses to KLH, but not with TT responses; this association was independent of naïve T cell numbers. Our results indicate that naïve T cell proliferation predicts response to neo-, but not recall antigens, and suggest that it may be a meaningful reflection of in vivo immune competence in HIV-infected persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benigno Rodriguez
- Case Western Reserve University Center for AIDS Research, Cleveland, OH 44106-5083, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aroukatos P, Repanti M, Repantis T, Bravou V, Korovessis P. Immunologic adverse reaction associated with low-carbide metal-on-metal bearings in total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:2135-42. [PMID: 20020335 PMCID: PMC2895854 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-009-1187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased incidence of periprosthetic osteolysis, resulting in loss of biologic fixation, has been reported in contemporary THAs with low-carbide metal-on-metal compared with metal-on-polyethylene couple bearings. Although a hypersensitivity reaction attributable to Co and Cr debris is reportedly a potential cause for failure of THAs with high-carbide bearings, there are no evidence-based data for this reaction in low-carbide metal-on-metal bearings, although such hypersensitivity might be related to osteolysis. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We investigated whether there were differences in immunologic hypersensitivity reactions in retrievals from revised THAs with ceramic-on-polyethylene versus metal-on-metal bearing couples. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared newly formed capsule and periprosthetic interface membranes from revision surgery for aseptic failure from 20 patients with low-carbide bearings and 13 patients with ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings. For control tissue, we obtained samples from the hip capsule during the primary THA implantation in 13 patients with low-carbide bearings and seven with ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings. We examined the tissues with conventional histologic and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Compared with tissue from the control subjects and patients with ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings, the tissues from patients with low-carbide metal-on-metal bearings were associated with (1) extensive necrosis and fibrin exudation in the newly formed hip capsule and (2) diffuse and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration of a higher degree than in the hips with ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings in conventional histologic examination, and (3) more T than B cells. CONCLUSIONS The conventional histologic and immunohistochemical findings in tissues retrieved from failed THAs with low-carbide metal-on-metal bearings are consistent with a link between hypersensitivity and osteolysis with low-carbide bearing couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Repanti
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital “Agios Andreas”, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Repantis
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital “Agios Andreas”, 65-67 Haralabi Street, Patras, Achaia 26224 Greece
| | - Vassiliki Bravou
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital “Agios Andreas”, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Korovessis
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital “Agios Andreas”, 65-67 Haralabi Street, Patras, Achaia 26224 Greece
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nakashima H, Hamaguchi Y, Watanabe R, Ishiura N, Kuwano Y, Okochi H, Takahashi Y, Tamaki K, Sato S, Tedder TF, Fujimoto M. CD22 expression mediates the regulatory functions of peritoneal B-1a cells during the remission phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4637-45. [PMID: 20335532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although contact hypersensitivity (CHS) has been considered a prototype of T cell-mediated immune reactions, recently a significant contribution of regulatory B cell subsets in the suppression of CHS has been demonstrated. CD22, one of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, is a B cell-specific molecule that negatively regulates BCR signaling. To clarify the roles of B cells in CHS, CHS in CD22(-/-) mice was investigated. CD22(-/-) mice showed delayed recovery from CHS reactions compared with that of wild-type mice. Transfer of wild-type peritoneal B-1a cells reversed the prolonged CHS reaction seen in CD22(-/-) mice, and this was blocked by the simultaneous injection with IL-10 receptor Ab. Although CD22(-/-) peritoneal B-1a cells were capable of producing IL-10 at wild-type levels, i.p. injection of differentially labeled wild-type/CD22(-/-) B cells demonstrated that a smaller number of CD22(-/-) B cells resided in lymphoid organs 5 d after CHS elicitation, suggesting a defect in survival or retention in activated CD22(-/-) peritoneal B-1 cells. Thus, our study reveals a regulatory role for peritoneal B-1a cells in CHS. Two distinct regulatory B cell subsets cooperatively inhibit CHS responses. Although splenic CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B cells have a crucial role in suppressing the acute exacerbating phase of CHS, peritoneal B-1a cells are likely to suppress the late remission phase as "regulatory B cells." CD22 deficiency results in disturbed CHS remission by impaired retention or survival of peritoneal B-1a cells that migrate into lymphoid organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Epidemiología de la dermatitis de contacto: prevalencia de sensibilización a diferentes alérgenos y factores asociados. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
39
|
Epidemiology of Contact Dermatitis: Prevalence of Sensitization to Different Allergens and Associated Factors. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(10)70581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
40
|
Kulkarni H, Agan BK, Marconi VC, O'Connell RJ, Camargo JF, He W, Delmar J, Phelps KR, Crawford G, Clark RA, Dolan MJ, Ahuja SK. CCL3L1-CCR5 genotype improves the assessment of AIDS Risk in HIV-1-infected individuals. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3165. [PMID: 18776933 PMCID: PMC2522281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether vexing clinical decision-making dilemmas can be partly addressed by recent advances in genomics is unclear. For example, when to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during HIV-1 infection remains a clinical dilemma. This decision relies heavily on assessing AIDS risk based on the CD4+ T cell count and plasma viral load. However, the trajectories of these two laboratory markers are influenced, in part, by polymorphisms in CCR5, the major HIV coreceptor, and the gene copy number of CCL3L1, a potent CCR5 ligand and HIV-suppressive chemokine. Therefore, we determined whether accounting for both genetic and laboratory markers provided an improved means of assessing AIDS risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a prospective, single-site, ethnically-mixed cohort of 1,132 HIV-positive subjects, we determined the AIDS risk conveyed by the laboratory and genetic markers separately and in combination. Subjects were assigned to a low, moderate or high genetic risk group (GRG) based on variations in CCL3L1 and CCR5. The predictive value of the CCL3L1-CCR5 GRGs, as estimated by likelihood ratios, was equivalent to that of the laboratory markers. GRG status also predicted AIDS development when the laboratory markers conveyed a contrary risk. Additionally, in two separate and large groups of HIV+ subjects from a natural history cohort, the results from additive risk-scoring systems and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis revealed that the laboratory and CCL3L1-CCR5 genetic markers together provided more prognostic information than either marker alone. Furthermore, GRGs independently predicted the time interval from seroconversion to CD4+ cell count thresholds used to guide HAART initiation. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the laboratory and genetic markers captures a broader spectrum of AIDS risk than either marker alone. By tracking a unique aspect of AIDS risk distinct from that captured by the laboratory parameters, CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes may have utility in HIV clinical management. These findings illustrate how genomic information might be applied to achieve practical benefits of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kulkarni
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert J. O'Connell
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jose F. Camargo
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weijing He
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Judith Delmar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Phelps
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - George Crawford
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Clark
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Dolan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sunil K. Ahuja
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Catano G, Agan BK, Kulkarni H, Telles V, Marconi VC, Dolan MJ, Ahuja SK. Independent effects of genetic variations in mannose-binding lectin influence the course of HIV disease: the advantage of heterozygosity for coding mutations. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:72-80. [PMID: 18498240 DOI: 10.1086/588712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vivo impact of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a molecule involved in innate immunity, on the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and AIDS is unknown. METHODS A total of 1102 HIV-positive and 2213 HIV-negative adult subjects were screened for polymorphisms in the coding and promoter regions of MBL2, the gene that encodes MBL. RESULTS Variations in MBL2 did not influence the risk of acquiring HIV-1. Heterozygosity for coding mutations (O allele) and homozygosity for the -221 promoter polymorphism (X allele) in MBL2 were associated with a delay in and an accelerated rate of disease progression, respectively. MBL2 variations influenced the rate of progression to AIDS-defining illnesses. In a multivariate model, the effects of MBL2 variations were independent of several parameters known to influence disease progression, including steady-state viral load, baseline CD4(+) T cell counts, and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses, an in vivo marker of cell-mediated immunity. The effects of MBL2 variations were most evident in those who possessed protective genotypes of CCR5 and a high copy number of CCL3L1, the most potent HIV-suppressive CCR5 ligand. CONCLUSIONS MBL2 genotypes are independent determinants of HIV disease progression and heterozygosity for MBL2 coding mutations confer disease-retarding effects. MBL-dependent immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Catano
- Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wahlkvist H, Masjedi K, Gruvberger B, Zuber B, Karlberg AT, Bruze M, Ahlborg N. The lipophilic hapten parthenolide induces interferon-gamma and interleukin-13 production by peripheral blood-derived CD8+ T cells from contact allergic subjects in vitro. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:70-7. [PMID: 17986299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from persons with contact allergy to nickel react in vitro predominantly with nickel-induced CD4+ T cell-mediated production of both T-cell type 1 and 2 cytokines. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate if the contact allergen parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone of lipophilic character, elicits an immune response which differs from that induced by water-soluble nickel ions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten allergic subjects with strong (n = 6), moderate (n = 2), or weak (n = 2) patch-test reactivity to parthenolide and five patch test-negative control subjects participated in the study. PBMC from the subjects were analysed for in vitro reactivity with parthenolide by an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay, measuring cytokine production at the single-cell level. RESULTS The allergic group, but not the control group, responded to parthenolide with increased numbers of cells producing interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 (P < 0.05 for all) and IL-13 (P < 0.01). The responses manifested by T-cell type 1 (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and type 2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) cytokines were positively correlated between cytokines. Subjects with a strong or moderate, but not weak or negative, patch-test reaction displayed detectable in vitro responses. In contrast to the CD4+ T cell-mediated peripheral reactivity induced by nickel, cell depletion experiments identified the parthenolide-reactive IFN-gamma- and IL-13-producing cells as CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS The finding that the PBMC reactivity to parthenolide in humans involves a CD8+ T cell-mediated type 1 and 2 cytokine response warrants further studies on the relationship between the chemical nature of a hapten and the resulting immune response.
Collapse
|
43
|
González-López MA, Martínez-Taboada VM, González-Vela MC, Blanco R, Fernández-Llaca H, Rodríguez-Valverde V, Val-Bernal JF. Recall injection-site reactions associated with etanercept therapy: report of two new cases with immunohistochemical analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:672-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Bas E, Recio MC, Giner RM, Máñez S, López-Ginés C, Gil-Benso R, Ríos JL. Demethylnobiletin inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, human lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:1272-82. [PMID: 17934513 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our aim was to examine the effect of demethylnobiletin on various experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and to determine its influence on the mediators and enzymes involved in these reactions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH DTH was induced in mice by oxazolone, dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The effect of demethylnobiletin on the ensuing DTH was studied, especially in relation to oedema formation, cell infiltration and tissue damage. Its activity on different mediators implicated in DTH reactions was also determined and its effect on nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 analysed. Finally, its influence on T lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis and caspase 3 activity was tested. KEY RESULTS DTH reactions were all reduced by demethylnobiletin. The experimental results suggest that the compound may act by reducing cell infiltration and by suppressing mediators such as interleukin-2 (IC50=1.63 microM), interleukin-4 (IC50=2.76 microM), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (IC50=0.66 microM), interferon-gamma (IC50=1.35 microM), and interleukin-1 beta (46% at 2.5 microM) and by concomitantly increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10. In addition, while demethylnobiletin affected nitric oxide production, it did not modify NOS-2 expression. Finally, demethylnobiletin inhibited proliferation of T cells and induced their apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Demethylnobiletin decreased DTH reactions induced by various agents. This finding, along with the fact that the compound has a low toxicity and exhibits several other interesting properties, could pave the way for other structurally related citroflavonoids to be used as pharmacological agents in complementary therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bas
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bader B, von Bonin A, Buchmann B, Gay J, Gruendemann S, Guenther J, Schaefer M, Spellig T, Zollner TM, Zorn L. Synthesis of 3H-labeled Efomycine M. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Watanabe R, Fujimoto M, Ishiura N, Kuwano Y, Nakashima H, Yazawa N, Okochi H, Sato S, Tedder TF, Tamaki K. CD19 expression in B cells is important for suppression of contact hypersensitivity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:560-70. [PMID: 17556590 PMCID: PMC1934538 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a cutaneous immune reaction mediated mainly by antigen-specific effector T cells and is regarded as a model for Th1/Tc1-mediated inflammation. However, recent reports have suggested pivotal roles of B cells in CHS. CD19 serves as a positive B-cell response regulator that defines signaling thresholds critical for B-cell responses. In the current study, we assessed the role of the B-cell-specific surface molecule CD19 on the development of CHS by examining CD19-deficient mice. Although CD19-deficient mice are hyposensitive to a variety of transmembrane signals, CD19 loss resulted in increased and prolonged reaction of CHS, suggesting an inhibitory role of CD19 expression in CHS. Sensitized lymph nodes and elicited ear lesions from CD19-deficient mice exhibited Th1/Tc1-shifted cytokine profile with increased interferon-gamma expression and decreased interleukin-10 expression. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD19 expression in recipient mice was required for optimal suppression of CHS response, indicating its role in the elicitation phase. Furthermore, spleen B cells, especially marginal zone B cells, from wild-type mice were able to normalize exaggerated CHS reactions in CD19-deficient mice. Thus, CD19 expression in B cells is critical for termination of CHS responses, possibly through the function of regulatory B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Guo J, Qian F, Li J, Xu Q, Chen T. Identification of a New Metabolite of Astilbin, 3′-O-Methylastilbin, and Its Immunosuppressive Activity against Contact Dermatitis. Clin Chem 2007; 53:465-71. [PMID: 17272490 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.077297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Astilbin is a flavonoid isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra. In a previous study, we revealed its unique immunosuppressive activity, a selective inhibition against activated T lymphocytes. This characteristic of astilbin is beneficial for the treatment of human immune diseases.Methods: We incubated astilbin with rat liver microsomal/cytosolic fractions and isolated the metabolite of astilbin, which was fully characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We administered astilbin orally via a gastric tube to rats at 0.22 mmol/kg and collected whole blood samples after 30 min and urine samples after 0 to 12 h. We applied HPLC and liquid chromatography/MS to measure the metabolite in the samples, and we assayed cytokine expression by reverse-transcription PCR.Results: After incubation of astilbin with rat liver microsomal/cytosolic fractions, we detected a new metabolite of astilbin and isolated it from the culture solution. We characterized this metabolite by MS and NMR techniques as 3′-O-methylated astilbin. We detected the metabolite in both blood and urine samples after oral administration of astilbin, and the metabolite inhibited picryl chloride–induced ear swelling in mice and suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, similarly to astilbin.Conclusion: This is the first identification of 3′-O-methylastilbin as a new flavonoid, as well as an active metabolite of astilbin in vivo, and is helpful for studying the kinetics of astilbin and its clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vocanson M, Goujon C, Chabeau G, Castelain M, Valeyrie M, Floc'h F, Maliverney C, Gard A, Nicolas JF. The skin allergenic properties of chemicals may depend on contaminants--evidence from studies on coumarin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:231-8. [PMID: 16685137 DOI: 10.1159/000093248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Positive patch tests are considered representative of a contact allergy to the tested chemical. However, contaminants and derivatives rather than the suspected chemical itself could be responsible for the allergic skin reactions. Here, we tested the importance of contaminants in the sensitizing and allergenic properties of coumarin in mice and humans. Coumarin, an ingredient in cosmetics and fragrances, was chosen as the reference chemical since conflicting results have been obtained regarding its ability to induce contact allergy. In some chemical preparations, this could be explained by the presence of coumarin derivatives endowed with allergenic properties. METHODS In mice, three different coumarin preparations were tested in the local lymph node assay. In humans, we assessed the irritant and allergenic properties of highly pure coumarin in nonallergic and fragrance-allergic patients. RESULTS Pure coumarin did not exhibit irritant or sensitizing properties in the local lymph node assay. In contrast, two other commercially available coumarins and three contaminants that were detected in these coumarin preparations were identified as weak and moderate sensitizers, respectively. In humans, pure coumarin was extremely well tolerated since only 1 out of 512 patients exhibited a positive patch test to the chemical. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that coumarin cannot be considered as a common contact allergen and further emphasize that purity of chemicals is mandatory for the assessment of their allergenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vocanson
- INSERM U 503, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gagnon SJ, Turner RV, Shiue MG, Damirjian M, Biddison WE. Extensive T cell receptor cross-reactivity on structurally diverse haptenated peptides presented by HLA-A2. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:346-56. [PMID: 16310048 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that individual TCRs are able to effectively recognize multiple peptide/MHC complexes that have varying degrees of structural diversity. These TCR cross-reactivities have usually been demonstrated by using peptides that have different amino acid sequences. To further examine the extent to which TCRs can accommodate structurally diverse ligands, we analyzed human TCR cross-reactivity to eight structurally distinct haptens that are coupled to the HLA-A2-binding Tax peptide with a lysine substitution at position 5 (Tax-5K, LLFG[K-hapten]PVYV). The results demonstrate that 71% percent of the haptenated-peptide-induced CTL lines could cross-react on at least one other hapten. We compared the effects of HLA-A2 mutants with substitutions at known TCR contact sites for recognition by hapten-cross-reactive CTL. Recognition of the A2 mutants was remarkably similar whether they were presenting the immunizing or the cross-reactive peptide, indicating that similar amino acid contacts are made by the TCR during recognition of both complexes. Thus, hapten cross-reactivity is apparently accomplished without major adjustments to the interaction between the TCR and the surface of the HLA-A2 molecule. Collectively, these results suggest that TCRs possess the molecular flexibility to accommodate very structurally diverse ligands while retaining conserved interactions with the surface of the MHC molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Gagnon
- Molecular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5B-16, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peden-Adams MM, Eudaly JG, Heesemann LM, Smythe J, Miller J, Gilkeson GS, Keil DE. Developmental immunotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE): studies in B6C3F1 mice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2006; 41:249-71. [PMID: 16484062 DOI: 10.1080/10934520500455289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the developmental immunotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) in B6C3F1 mice exposed via drinking water (0, 1,400, 14,000 ppb) from gestation day 0 (GD0) to either 3 or 8 weeks of age. Lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity, SRBC-specific IgM production (PFC response), splenic B220+ cells, and thymic and splenic T-cell immunophenotypes were assessed at 3 and 8 weeks of age. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and autoantibodies to ds-DNA were assessed in 8-week old animals only. Proliferation and NK cell activity were not affected at either age. Decreased PFC responses were noted in male offspring at both ages and both TCE treatment levels. PFC responses in female offspring were suppressed by treatment with 14,000 ppb TCE at both ages assessed and at 1,400 ppb TCE at 8 weeks of age. Splenic numbers of B220 cells were only decreased in 3-week old pups exposed to 14,000 ppb TCE. The most pronounced alteration in T-cell subpopulations were increases in all thymic (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD4-/CD8-) T-cell types in 8-week old animals. DTH was increased in females at both TCE levels and in males at the high dose only. These results indicate that TCE may be an effective developmental immunotoxicant and suggests that additional studies are required to determine the health risks associated with developmental exposure to TCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margie M Peden-Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|