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Afkhami F, Rostami G, Xu C, Walsh LJ, Peters OA. The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: a review of histological effects. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:215. [PMID: 37733149 PMCID: PMC10514114 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is primarily intended to preserve the vitality of pulp tissues, which have been exposed for any reason. Various materials and techniques have been proposed to improve treatment outcomes, including the use of lasers. This study aimed to review the histological results of different dental lasers including low-level lasers, carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and diode lasers for VPT. This focused review included a comprehensive electronic search of Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2022 by two independent investigators. Different combinations of keywords were used, and reference mining of related papers was done. The review included studies related to histologic evaluation of laser-assisted vital pulp therapy that stated the laser parameters that were used. Articles with radiographic or clinical assessments or articles lacking necessary data were excluded. Non-English articles were excluded unless their abstract was in English and encompassed the necessary data. Most studies indicated the efficacy of lasers for reduction of inflammation, acceleration of healing, and increasing the thickness of dentinal bridge. According to the evidence, lasers used in combination with pulp capping agents are beneficial to enhance the success rate of VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Golriz Rostami
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Huang Q, Li Z, Lyu P, Zhou X, Fan Y. Current Applications and Future Directions of Lasers in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030296. [PMID: 36978686 PMCID: PMC10044917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of lasers has been regarded as a novel technique for the purposes of clinical use in the dental field. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on the potential applications of laser therapy in endodontics. Moreover, due to their ablation, penetrability, and disinfection capabilities, lasers have performed well with respect to endodontic treatments, including root canal treatment, vital pulp therapy (pulp capping and pulpotomy), dentinal hypersensitivity treatment, and management of dental pain related to pulp and periradicular disease. In particular, the superiorities of laser-aided pulp therapy are emphasized through condensed clinical controlled trials, and histological studies, in this review. Moreover, the ingenious use of laser applications with respect to aiding in the acceleration of root development and the extraction of foreign matters (i.e., broken files and fiber posts) in canals has quickly become the cutting-edge trend of current research. This review offers a summary and discussion of the current literature on all the aforementioned laser applications. Moreover, the characteristics of laser devices, including erbium lasers, neodymium-doped lasers, CO2 lasers, and diode lasers, are detailed and discussed here, providing useful references for laser application in endodontics. We also focus on the different wavelengths with respect to the lasers that are applied in endodontics. High-power lasers perform well as operative instruments; in addition, low-level lasers lead to the regulation of pulp inflammation, and the promotion of pulp healing. This narrative review provides a summary of the advanced applications of lasers in conjunction with various devices in the practice of endodontics, and aims to inspire innovative perspectives on lasers in the context of the treatment of dental diseases, especially pulp diseases, in the future.
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Belmonte FM, Azevedo LH, Paschoal EC, Caldeira CL, de Freitas PM. Two-year Follow-up of Avulsed Teeth Submittted to Laser Therapies: A Case Report. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2208010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Replanted teeth can lead to critical biological conditions involving ankylosis and external root resorption. To prevent these occurrences, antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) and Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) can be used during the postoperative phase.
Case Report:
The present report described the clinical case of a patient, an adult male with the avulsion of teeth #11 and #21. Teeth were stored under dry conditions and replanted 18h after trauma. The pulp was removed before replantation and aPDT was performed using a low power laser (660 nm,100 mW, 9 J) in direct irradiation of the root canal. A passive flexible splint was fixed in place from tooth #13 to #23 for 4 weeks. The PBMT was applied three times a week, for the first 2 months, using the same laser device but with an infrared wavelength (808 nm, 100 mW, 3J). Clinical and radiographic examination supported the assessment of inflammatory/infectious resorption.
Conclusion:
The combination of laser therapy with endodontic procedures for treating traumatized teeth ensured successful clinical and radiographic outcomes at a 2-year follow-up examination.
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Abdelgawad L, Shalash IA, Zaazou M, El Rouby D, Safaan A. Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Photobiomodulation on Pulp Capping of Dogs’ Teeth. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The present study assessed the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and photobiomodulation (PBM) on pulp capping of exposed pulp of dogs’ teeth.
METHODS: Forty-eight teeth in three mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two major study groups; Group I where MTA was used as a pulp capping agent and Group II in which both MTA+PBM were used. The groups were equally subdivided according to the observation period following completion of pulp capping into Subgroup (A) 1 week, Subgroup (B) 2, and Subgroup (C) 16 weeks. The teeth were examined for histological inflammatory response as well as dentine bridge formation.
RESULTS: With regard to inflammatory response at 1 week significantly, less intense inflammation was observed in MTA+PBM (Group II) compared to the MTA (Group I) for the same time period with no significant difference for between Group I and Group II for other time intervals. As for dentin bridge formation, PBM+MTA groups showed statistically significant thicker dentine bridge formation at 16 weeks than MTA alone group for the same time period with no significant difference for between Group I and Group II for other time intervals.
CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, PBM appeared to be a beneficial adjunct in dental pulp capping procedures in which MTA was the pulp capping material.
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Alsofi L, Khalil W, Binmadi NO, Al-Habib MA, Alharbi H. Pulpal and periapical tissue response after direct pulp capping with endosequence root repair material and low-level laser application. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:57. [PMID: 35246103 PMCID: PMC8895576 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to investigate the pulp and periapical reaction and healing after capping with EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) combined with low-level laser application. Methods In 6 rabbits, pulps were exposed via class V, half of the samples received a low-level diode laser at 980 nm. Thereafter, cavities were capped with regular-set ERRM. The specimens were processed for histomorphological examination after 2 weeks and two months. Results After 2 weeks, images show mild inflammation and organized odontoblasts in lased group. The non-lased group shows more severe inflammation. The predentin thickness was thicker in the lased group with statistical significance (p < 0.05). After 2 months, inflammatory cells were sparse in both lased and non-lased groups. In the periapical area, group one showed dilated blood vessels and thick fibrous connective tissues. In group two, there were more numerous maturations of PDL fibers with scattered inflammatory cells and congested blood vessel. Conclusions Using low-level laser therapy in combination with ERRM for pulp capping shortens the inflammatory phase and enhances healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada O Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mey A Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alharbi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Conservative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Torabi S, Joharchi K, Kalhori KAM, Sohrabi M, Fekrazad R. Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on wounds infected by Staphylococcus aureus in animal models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102092. [PMID: 33212266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are one of the expanding challenges. The purpose of current study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on wounds infected to Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS In this study, 40 six-month-old rats were divided into 4 groups: control, photosensitizer (PS), laser, and aPDT. A full-thickness wound was created on their skin and it was infected by Staphylococcus aureus. For aPDT, the Indocyanine Green (Germany, Nürnberg, A.R.C. Laser, EmunDo) photosensitive agent and laser diod 810 nm (Germany, Nürnberg, A.R.C. Laser) was utilized. The wound healing procedure was monitored every 24 h until the 12th day with photography. The number of the bacteria was counted on the 12th day also. All results were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Significance level was considered P-Value < 0.05. RESULTS The average area of wound reduced in days 5-11th in photosensitizer, laser, and aPDT, respectively. The absolute colonization rate of bacteria in the wounds showed a significant decrease in two groups laser and aPDT compared to the control group. However, the lowest value was for the aPDT. CONCLUSION In the conditions of this study, it emerged that aPDT and laser have an antimicrobial effect against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (particularly Staphylococcus aureus) and improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Torabi
- Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khojasteh Joharchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Katayoun A M Kalhori
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathologist. Iranian Medical Laser Association, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Sohrabi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research(USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Chandran V, Ramanarayanan V, Menon M, Varma B, Sanjeevan V. Effect of LASER therapy Vs conventional techniques on clinical and radiographic outcomes of deciduous molar pulpotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e588-e596. [PMID: 32665819 PMCID: PMC7335597 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To systematically review the effectiveness primary molar pulpotomy based on the clinical and radiographic outcomes using lasers over the conventional therapies. MATERIAL AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included Randomized or Quasi-randomized trials comparing LASER with conventional pulpotomy therapies (formocresol, ferric sulphate, MTA or calcium hydroxide) with atleast 6-month follow-up period was included. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed and metanalysis was done using RevMan software. RESULTS Of the 1383 articles that were searched, only 14 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 10 for meta- analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical success rate [OR 0.99, 95%CI (0.19,5.22)] or radiographic success rate [OR 0.77, 95%CI (0.31,1.87)] of LASER therapy compared to Formocresol in primary molar pulpotomy for 6 months. No statistically significant difference were found in clinical success rate [OR 1.04, 95%CI (0.35,3.07)] and radiographic success rate [OR 0.71, 95%CI (0.37,1.35)] at 12 month follow-up also. Comparison of LASER with Ferric Sulphate also did not show a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes of LASER pulpotomy with conventional pulpotomy (formocresol and ferric sulphate) at 6 and 12 months follow-up. However, there was considerable risk of bias in the included studies. Key words:Pulp therapy, Laser, formocresol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennila Chandran
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Medhini Menon
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Balagopal Varma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vinita Sanjeevan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Goa Dental College, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Bahman S, Sara G, Somayeh H, Parvin T, Kalhori KAM, Mona S, Reza F. Combined effects of calcium hydroxide and photobiomodulation therapy on apexogenesis of immature permanent teeth in dogs. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 207:111867. [PMID: 32283500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of high-risk traumatic immature teeth due to incomplete root development is challenging. Apexogenesis is currently the ideal treatment option that allows normal root development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apexogenesis process of immature permanent teeth of dogs when co-administered with calcium hydroxide and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). A total of 36 immature permanent anterior and premolar teeth were selected from three 4-6-month-old dogs of Iranian mixed generation. The teeth were categorized into two groups, calcium hydroxide with laser irradiation (CHL) and calcium hydroxide without laser irradiation (CH). All the selected teeth received calcium hydroxide pulpotomy. After restoring teeth with amalgam, the CHL group received gallium‑aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser (810 nm, 4.2 J/cm2, 0.3 W, 9 s,CW) on apical one-third of both buccal and lingual roots. The irradiation was repeated every 48 h for fourteen days. Intravenous tetracycline was used to observe newly formed dentin in the first, third, seventh, and fourteenth days. The distance between tetracycline lines (DTL) was examined by Fluorescence microscopy. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used for data analysis. In all assessments, the mean DTL were greater in the CHL group. However, the two groups had no significant differences in the amount of deposited dentin between the first and third, third and seventh, and first and seventh lines. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the distances between lines 7 and 14, 1 and 14 and also 3 to 14 (P < .001). In other words, from the 7th day onwards, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Within the limitation of this study, the combination therapy of PBMT and pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide accelerated apexogenesis in immature permanent dogs' teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraj Bahman
- Dental Research Center, Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghadimi Sara
- Laser Research Center, Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hosseini Somayeh
- Dental Materials Research Center, Operative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tamiz Parvin
- Department Of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Sohrabi Mona
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Fekrazad Reza
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Suzuki M, Kato C, Kawashima S, Shinkai K. Clinical and Histological Study on Direct Pulp Capping With CO 2 Laser Irradiation in Human Teeth. Oper Dent 2018; 44:336-347. [PMID: 30444691 DOI: 10.2341/18-030-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to histologically evaluate wound healing of exposed human pulp on direct pulp capping using super-pulsed CO2 laser preirradiation. In this single-blind clinical trial, 28 third molar teeth of 17 volunteers were randomly capped with either CO2 laser irradiation (n=14) or Dycal (calcium hydroxide cement; n=14) and restored using resin composite. The laser was operated in super-pulsed mode (pulse duration, 0.2 ms; interval, 5.8 ms; 0.003 J/pulse). The irradiation conditions were a power output of 0.5 W, an irradiation time of 15 seconds, repeat mode (10-ms irradiation and 10-ms intervals, for a total beam exposure time of 7.5 seconds), total applied energy of 3.75 J, and an activated air-cooling system. Each tooth was extracted at six or 12 months posttreatment and prepared for histological evaluation. We evaluated the parameters of pulp tissue disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, reparative dentin formation (RDF), and bacterial penetration. There were no significant differences between groups for all parameters at each postoperative period (Mann-Whitney U-test, p>0.05). CO2 laser irradiation completely controlled bleeding and exudate from the exposed pulp. The CO2 laser group had a tendency to delay RDF compared with the Dycal group, but 4 of 7 teeth from the CO2 laser group showed a complete dentin bridge at 12 months posttreatment.
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Ansari G, Chitsazan A, Fekrazad R, Javadi F. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of diode laser pulpotomy on human primary teeth. Laser Ther 2018; 27:187-192. [PMID: 32158064 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.27_18-or-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims The aim of this investigation was to evaluate clinical and radiographic effects of diode laser pulpotomy on young human primary molars. Materials and methods This double-blind, split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted on 14 children, aged 3-9 years. In total, 20 pairs of teeth were selected from those with pulpal exposure due to caries. Case selection was conducted based on clinical and radiographic criteria with similar teeth in each patient. One tooth was randomly assigned to diode laser pulpotomy as case and the other tooth was pulp-treated using formocresol as control. Diode laser at a 10-W power was applied on the remaining pulp tissue following coronal pulp amputation in the case group, while a cotton pellet with diluted formocresol was placed over the amputated pulp in the control group. Reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol paste was then placed over the pulp stump and the tooth was restored with stainless steel crown. A 6- and 12-month followed-up was conducted clinically and radiographically in order to assess the success rates. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. Results Clinical failure rate was almost zero when the cases were followed and examined clinically (100% success), with 95% and 90% of the cases in the case group (diode laser) being judged as successful in radiographic examination after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Cases in the control group (formocresol) had almost the same clinical success rate (100%) with no failure judged by radiographic evaluation at 6 and 12 months. These results did not show any significant differences when analyzed using Fisher's exact test (P > 0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference between diode laser pulpotomy and formocresol pulpotomy of human primary teeth after 6 and 12 months. Only a fraction of cases (5%) had radiographic problems at their follow-up in the laser group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassem Ansari
- Dept of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Dept of Periodontology, Dental School, Military University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Javadi
- Dept of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nematollahi H, Sarraf Shirazi A, Mehrabkhani M, Sabbagh S. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of laser pulpotomy in vital primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:205-220. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sivadas S, Rao A, Natarajan S, Shenoy R, Srikrishna SB. Pulpal Response to Ferric Sulfate and Diode Laser When Used as Pulpotomy Agent: An In vivo Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC87-ZC91. [PMID: 28764301 PMCID: PMC5535488 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25180.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ferric sulfate and Laser has been used for conventional pulpotomy therapy. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomies using these have been done in numerous studies but there exists few studies analysing the histologic response of pulp to laser and ferric sulfate. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare histological changes seen in the pulp following ferric sulfate and laser pulpotomy and compare these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single blind in vivo study, consisting of 24 primary teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups based on the material to be used and subgrouped based on the time period (30 and 45 days) of evaluation. The teeth were extracted after the study period and tissue processing done and subjected to Haematoxylin and Eosin staining procedure. The tissues were evaluated for dentin bridge formation, quality of dentin formation in the bridges, location of dentin bridges, tissue reaction to the material, inflammatory cell response and necrosis. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 software. Intragroup comparisons of the observed values were analysed using Chi-square test. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference between the two materials to produce reparative dentin and also the quality of dentin bridges formed in both the groups during both the observational periods. Majority of the samples in both ferric sulfate and laser group exhibited dentin bridge at the interface of the exposed pulp, bridging or attempting to bridge the site exposed to the pulpotomy material. The ability of the materials to evoke a foreign body and inflammatory cell responses in the pulpal tissue was not significant. All the samples of both the groups showed signs of necrosis with two samples of laser group showing severe necrosis in 45 days period. The difference between the groups in 30 days group was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Laser and ferric sulfate are found to be able to initiate dentin bridge at the interface between the pulp and the material but the quality of bridge formed was better in laser group. Laser group showed more macrophage infiltration, inflammatory cell infiltration and areas of necrosis compared to ferric sulfate group though not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sivadas
- Postgraduate student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Professor and Head, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suprabha Baranya Srikrishna
- Professor, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Effect of adhesive system application for cavities prepared with erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser on rat dental pulp tissue. Odontology 2016; 105:300-310. [PMID: 27778135 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of adhesive systems under study applied for a laser-cut cavity using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on rat dental pulp at 24 h and 14 days postoperatively. Group 1, laser-cut cavities were treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; group 2, pretreated with a phosphoric-acid, and then treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; group 3, pretreated with a phosphoric-acid and sodium-hypochlorite, and then treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; and group 4, treated with an all-in-one adhesive. A flowable resin composite was used as filling material for each cavity treated with each group. A glass-ionomer-cement was used as a control. The following items were evaluated: pulp-tissue-disorganization (PTD), inflammatory-cell-infiltration (ICI), tertiary-dentin-formation (TDF), and bacterial-penetration (BP). The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. No significant differences were observed among the experimental groups for all parameters after 24 h and 14 days (P > 0.05). The majority of the specimens showed PTD with edema formation after 24 h; however, all the specimens demonstrated pulpal healing with TDF after 14 days. On the parameter of TDF, all groups showed significant differences between the two postoperative periods (P < 0.01). On the parameter of ICI, a significant difference was found between the two postoperative periods in group 4 (P < 0.05). No specimens showed BP. The pretreatment on the cavity prepared with the laser using phosphoric-acid or sodium-hypochlorite did not affect the dental pulp healing of rat tooth.
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Bidar M, Moushekhian S, Gharechahi M, Talati A, Ahrari F, Bojarpour M. The Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Direct Pulp Capping in Dogs. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:177-183. [PMID: 28144439 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the histologic effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with or without the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on exposed pulp tissues of dogs. Methods: Twenty-five premolar teeth in three healthy mature dogs were randomly divided into five groups. In group 1, the pulp tissue was capped with MTA. In groups 2 and 3, before capping with MTA, the exposure site was irradiated by low power lasers at 630 nm (20 mW, 150 seconds, 7.5 J/cm2) and 810 nm (peak power 80 W, average power 50 mW, 1500 Hz, 50 seconds, 6.25 J/cm2) wavelengths, respectively. In groups 4 and 5, the exposure site was irradiated similar to that described in groups 2 and 3, but the pulp tissue was covered by gold foil instead of MTA. After 2 months, the animals were sacrificed and the samples were prepared for histologic evaluation. Results: There were differences in pulpal response and dentinal barrier formation among the study groups. The morphology of pulpal tissue and the integrity of dentinal barrier and formation of odontoblastic layer were more favorable in the first three groups. The occurrence of extensive and intense inflammation and necrosis was more frequent in groups 4 and 5. Conclusion: Under the conditions used in this study, the presence of MTA as a pulp capping material was more important than laser therapy in the success of direct pulp capping (DPC) treatment. MTA proved to be an effective material either alone or in combination with laser irradiation in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bidar
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siavash Moushekhian
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Talati
- Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahrari
- Laser Research Center, Department of Orthodonthics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Dhillon H, Kaushik M, Sharma R. Regenerative endodontics--Creating new horizons. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:676-85. [PMID: 26699211 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trauma to the dental pulp, physical or microbiologic, can lead to inflammation of the pulp followed by necrosis. The current treatment modality for such cases is non-surgical root canal treatment. The damaged tissue is extirpated and the root canal system prepared. It is then obturated with an inert material such a gutta percha. In spite of advances in techniques and materials, 10%-15% of the cases may end in failure of treatment. Regenerative endodontics combines principles of endodontics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to provide an ideal treatment for inflamed and necrotic pulp. It utilizes mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, and organ tissue culture to provide treatment. Potential treatment modalities include induction of blood clot for pulp revascularization, scaffold aided regeneration, and pulp implantation. Although in its infancy, successful treatment of damaged pulp tissue has been performed using principles of regenerative endodontics. This field is dynamic and exciting with the ability to shape the future of endodontics. This article highlights the fundamental concepts, protocol for treatment, and possible avenues for research in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
| | - Roshni Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, India
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Cengiz E, Yilmaz HG. Efficacy of Erbium, Chromium-doped:Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet Laser Irradiation Combined with Resin-based Tricalcium Silicate and Calcium Hydroxide on Direct Pulp Capping: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2015; 42:351-5. [PMID: 26723484 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to evaluate the efficiency of erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation combined with a resin-based tricalcium silicate material and calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping for a 6-month follow-up period. METHODS A total of 60 teeth of 60 patients between the ages of 18 and 41 years were recruited for this study. Sixty permanent vital teeth without symptoms and radiographic changes were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups (n = 15): Gr CH, the exposed area was sealed with calcium hydroxide (CH) paste; Gr laser CH, the treated area was sealed with CH paste after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at an energy level of 0.5 W without water and with 45% air; Gr TheraCal, TheraCal LC (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) was applied directly to the exposed pulp; and Gr Laser TheraCal, TheraCal LC was applied after irradiation with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. At the 1-week and 1-, 3-, and 6-month recall examinations, the loss of vitality, spontaneous pain, reactions to thermal stimuli and percussion, and radiographic changes were considered as failure. RESULTS The success rates in the CH and TheraCal groups were 73.3% and 66.6%, respectively. These rates did not reveal any significant difference. In both laser groups, success rates were 100%. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated TheraCal and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated CH groups showed statistically higher success rates than the TheraCal and CH groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 0.5 W without water combined with pulp capping agents can be recommended for direct pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cengiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Guney Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
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Kathuria V, Dhillon JK, Kalra G. Low Level Laser Therapy: A Panacea for oral maladies. Laser Ther 2015; 24:215-23. [PMID: 26557737 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.15-ra-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review the applications of low level laser therapy on various soft and hard oral tissues. A variety of therapeutic effects of Low Level Laser Therapy have been reported on a broad range of disorders. It has been found amenably practical in dental applications including soft as well as hard tissues of the oral cavity. LLLT has been found to be efficient in acceleration of wound healing, enhanced remodelling and bone repair, regeneration of neural cells following injury, pain attenuation, endorphin release stimulation and modulation of immune system. The aforementioned biological processes induced by Low level lasers have been effectively applied in treating various pathological conditions in the oral cavity. With is article, we attempt to review the possible application of Low Laser Therapy in the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Kathuria
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciencese
| | | | - Gauri Kalra
- Division of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Clove Pental Pvt Ltd
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Baleg SMA, Bidin N, Suan LP, Ahmad MFS, Krishnan G, Johari AR, Hamid A. The effect of CO2
laser treatment on skin tissue. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015; 14:246-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mohammed Anayb Baleg
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Noriah Bidin
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Lau Pik Suan
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fakarruddin Sidi Ahmad
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Ganesan Krishnan
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahman Johari
- Laser Center; Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR); Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Asma Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Health Science; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Kathuria
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciencese
| | | | - Gauri Kalra
- Division of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Clove Pental Pvt Ltd
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Fekrazad R, Seraj B, Ghadimi S, Tamiz P, Mottahary P, Dehghan MM. The effect of low-level laser therapy (810 nm) on root development of immature permanent teeth in dogs. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1251-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Yazdanfar I, Gutknecht N, Franzen R. Effects of diode laser on direct pulp capping treatment. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1237-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Mun S, Cheon M, Kim SH, Choi N, Kim S, Yoo Y, Lim S. The effect of laser diode irradiation on wound healing of rat skin. J COSMET LASER THER 2013; 15:318-25. [PMID: 23713760 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2013.807116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) diode irradiation (LDI) has some beneficial effects on the wound healing. However, little is known about the biochemical effect of LDI on wound healing. We have performed animal study to clarify the effect of LDI on wound healing based on microscopic findings. METHODS Eight-month-old male rats (NTacSam:SD, SamtakoBioKorea), weighting 250-300 g, were used. Round blade, of 1 cm diameter, was penetrated through the skin and subcutaneous level after elevating the skin just above the thoracic spine of the rats. Laser diode of 655, 785, and 850 nm wavelengths were irradiated to the skin wound for 9 days, 20 min a day. Eight rats were used in each four groups including non-irradiated group. Immunochemical staining was carried out to evaluate pan-cytokeratin and actin, and Masson's trichrome staining was carried to evaluate the cellular and protein components relating to wound healing. Wound size was measured on 9th postoperative day with computer system. RESULT Collagen formation was graded as 2+, 3+, and 4 + in the order of non-radiation group, 655, 785, and 850 nm irradiation groups, respectively. Myofibroblast was formed more abundantly in LDI group than in non-irradiated group. The mean values of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were 67.8 ± 5.0, 84.0 ± 4.6, 78.0 ± 6.8, and 74.2 ± 4.0 nm in the order of non-radiation group, 655, 785, and 850 nm irradiation groups, respectively. Mean values of defect size were 2,840 ± 124 um, 1,689 ± 125 um, 1,254 ± 94 um, and 1,423 ± 113 in the order of non-radiation group, 65, 785, and 850 nm groups, respectively. CONCLUSION LDI has beneficial effects on the formation of fibroblast and collagen, and results in better wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongpyo Mun
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University , Gwangju , Korea
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Houghton PE. Effects of therapeutic modalities on wound healing: a conservative approach to the management of chronic wounds. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/ptr.1999.4.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Pereira LB, Chimello DT, Ferreira MRW, Bachmann L, Rosa AL, Bombonato-Prado KF. Low-level laser therapy influences mouse odontoblast-like cell response in vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:206-13. [PMID: 22375953 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of two different irradiation times with 85 mW/cm(2) 830 nm laser on the behavior of mouse odontoblast-like cells. BACKGROUND DATA The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to stimulate pulp tissue is a reality, but few reports relate odontoblastic responses to irradiation in in vitro models. METHODS Odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were cultivated and divided into three groups: control/nonirradiated (group 1); or irradiated with 85 mW/cm(2), 830 nm laser for 10 sec (0.8 J/cm(2)) (group 2); or for 50 sec (4.2 J/cm(2)) (group 3) with a wavelength of 830 nm. After 3, 7, and 10 days, it was analyzed: growth curve and cell viability, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcified nodules detection and quantification, collagen immunolocalization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for DMP1 gene. Data were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (α=0.05). RESULTS Cell growth was smaller in group 2 (p<0.01), whereas viability was similar in all groups and at all periods. Total protein content and ALP activity increased on the 10th day with 0.8 J/cm(2) (p<0.01), as well as the detection and quantification of mineralization nodules (p<0.05), collagen, and VEGF expression (p<0.01). The expression of DMP1 increased in all groups (p<0.05) compared with control at 3 days, except for 0.8 J/cm(2) at 3 days and control at 10 days. CONCLUSIONS LLLT influenced the behavior of odontoblast-like cells; the shorter time/smallest energy density promoted the expression of odontoblastic phenotype in a more significant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Batista Pereira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Cell Culture Laboratory-Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Regeneration Approaches for Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues with Growth Factors, Biomaterials, and Laser Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3041776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Stimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on root development of rat molars: a preliminary study. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:537-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Suzuki M, Ogisu T, Kato C, Shinkai K, Katoh Y. Effect of CO₂ laser irradiation on wound healing of exposed rat pulp. Odontology 2011; 99:34-44. [PMID: 21271324 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-010-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of direct pulp capping treatment using super-pulsed CO₂ laser preirradiation on the wound healing process of exposed rat pulp on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 postoperatively. Group 1 was irradiated with a CO₂ laser and directly capped with a self-etching adhesive system. The laser was operated in super-pulse mode (pulse duration, 200 μs; interval, 5800 μs; 0.003 J/pulse). The irradiation conditions were a power output of 0.5 W, an irradiation time of 3 s, and repeat mode (10 ms of irradiation at 10-ms intervals for a total beam exposure time of 1.5 s), defocused beam diameter of 0.74 mm (approximately 20 mm from the exposed pulp surface), energy density of 0.698 J/cm² per pulse, total applied energy of 0.75 J, and an activated air-cooling system. Group 2 was capped with the self-etching adhesive system. Group 3 was capped with commercially available calcium hydroxide, and the self-etching adhesive system was applied to the cavity. The following parameters were evaluated: pulp tissue disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, reparative dentin formation, and bacterial penetration. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for differences among the groups at each observation period (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the experimental groups in any parameters at any postoperative period (P > 0.05). CO₂ laser irradiation was effective in arresting hemorrhaging but showed a tendency to delay reparative dentin formation compared with the application of calcium hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Suzuki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Takahito Ogisu
- Comprehensive Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chikage Kato
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshiroh Katoh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
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Vahid Golp M, Ansari G, Tadayon N. Clinical and Radiographic Success of Low Level LaserTherapy (LLLT) on Primary Molars Pulpotomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjbsci.2010.51.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Matsui S, Takeuchi H, Tsujimoto Y, Matsushima K. Effects of Smads and BMPs induced by Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on calcification ability of human dental pulp cells. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:75-81. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.50.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Godoy BM, Arana-Chavez VE, Núñez SC, Ribeiro MS. Effects of low-power red laser on dentine–pulp interface after cavity preparation. An ultrastructural study. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:899-903. [PMID: 17485070 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on the influence of low-power red laser on the repair of dental structures are very scarce. This study investigated the effects of the laser therapy on the ultrastructure of the dentine-pulp interface after conservative class I cavity preparation. DESIGN Two female volunteers with 8 premolars indicated for extraction for orthodontic reasons were recruited. Class I cavities were prepared and the teeth were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received treatment with a GaA1As laser, lambda=660nm, power of 30mW and energy dose of 2J/cm(2), directly and perpendicularly into the cavity in a single visit. After the irradiation, the cavities were filled with composite resin. The second group received the same treatment, except by the laser therapy. RESULTS Twenty-eight days post-preparation, the teeth were extracted and processed for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Two sound teeth, without cavity preparation, were also studied. The irradiated group presented odontoblast process in higher contact with the extracellular matrix and the collagen fibrils appeared more aggregated and organised than those of control group. These results were also observed in the healthy teeth. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that laser irradiation accelerates the recovery of the dental structures involved in the cavity preparation at the predentine region.
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Matsui S, Tsujimoto Y, Matsushima K. Stimulatory Effects of Hydroxyl Radical Generation by Ga-Al-As Laser Irradiation on Mineralization Ability of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:27-31. [PMID: 17202654 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ga-Al-As laser irradiation on the mineralization ability of human dental pulp (HDP) cells. HDP cells in vitro were irradiated once with a Ga-AL-As laser at 0.5 W for 500 s and at 1.0 W for 500 s in order to investigate free radicals as one mechanism for transmission of laser photochemical energy to cells. Production of the hydroxyl radical (*OH) was measured using the ESR spin-trapping method and was found to be increased by laser irradiation. The DMPO-OH was not detected in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a *OH scavenger. The formation of calcification nodule was also investigated by von Kossa staining. The number of calcified nodules was increased by 1.0 W-laser irradiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was higher in the 1.0 W-laser irradiation group. Expression of mRNAs for heat shock protein 27, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and ALP were greater in the 1.0 W-laser irradiation group. Expression of BMPs in the conditioned medium was also higher in the 1.0 W-laser irradiation group. In particular, DMSO decreased the number of calcified nodule produced by 1.0 W-laser irradiation. These results supposed that the mineralization of HDP cells is stimulated by laser irradiation, and that *OH generated by laser irradiation is a trigger for promotion of HDP cell mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Matsui
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
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Ferreira ANS, Silveira L, Genovese WJ, de Araújo VC, Frigo L, de Mesquita RA, Guedes E. Effect of GaAIAs laser on reactional dentinogenesis induction in human teeth. Photomed Laser Surg 2006; 24:358-65. [PMID: 16875445 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the biomodulatory effect of the gallium- aluminum-arsenate laser (GaAlAs) in pulp cells on reactional dentinogenesis, and on the expression of collagen type III (Col III), tenascin (TN), and fibronectin (FN) in irradiated dental tissues and controls (not irradiated). BACKGROUND DATA Several studies suggest a biomodulatory influence of low-intensity laser radiation in the inflammatory and reparative processes of biological tissues. METHODS Sixteen human premolar teeth were selected (after extraction due to orthodontal reasons) and divided into irradiated and control groups. Black class V cavity preparations were accomplished in both groups. For the irradiated group, GaAlAs laser (670 nm, 50 mW) with an energy density of 4 J/cm2 was used. Soon after, the cavities were restored with a glass ionomer and the extractions made after 14 and 42 days. RESULTS Histological changes were observed by light microscopy; less intense inflammatory reaction in the irradiated group was found when compared to the controls. Only the irradiated group of 42 days exhibited an area associated with reactional dentinogenesis. After immunohistochemical analysis by the streptoavidin-biotin complex (SABC) method, the expression of Col III, TN, and FN was greater in the irradiated groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a GaAlAs laser with energy density of 4 J/cm2 and wavelength of 670 nm caused biomodulation in pulp cells and expression of collagen, but not collagen of the extracellular matrix, after preparation of a cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nayme Segovia Ferreira
- Group of Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Research and Development (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Saltzman B, Sigal M, Clokie C, Rukavina J, Titley K, Kulkarni GV. Assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol-zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth: diode laser-mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy. Int J Paediatr Dent 2005; 15:437-47. [PMID: 16238654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2005.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a diode laser pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealing could be an acceptable alternative to the conventional formocresol pulpotomy and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealing in human primary teeth. METHODS A randomized, single-blind, split-mouth study was used with a sample of 16 children aged from 3 to 8 years (mean age=5.10 years). A total of 26 pairs of teeth from these 16 patients were selected based on clinical and radiographic criteria. One tooth from each pair was randomly assigned to either the laser-MTA pulpotomy group or the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy group. All teeth were followed up clinically and radiographically at 2.3, 5.2, 9.5 and 15.7 months. All extracted failures were sectioned and photographed to assess possible reasons for this. RESULTS A total of seven laser-MTA-treated teeth were deemed to be radiographic failures (mean time until failure=9.1 months) compared to three formocresol-ZOE treated teeth (mean time until failure=12.5 months). These results were not significant using Fisher's exact test (P>0.05). Six of the laser-MTA failures and all three formocresol-ZOE failures exhibited furcal and/or periapical radiolucencies with or without pathologic root resorption. One of the laser-MTA failures displayed premature root resorption and is being observed for exfoliation. Analysis of photographs of teeth available for extraction revealed errors in clinical technique in addition to expected signs of a disease process such as the presence of granulation tissue and areas of pathologic root resorption. CONCLUSIONS The laser-MTA pulpotomy showed reduced radiographic success rates compared to the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy at 15.7 months; however, these results were not statistically significant. Improved success rates among a larger patient sample and a longer follow-up period would be required for the laser-MTA pulpotomy to be considered a routine alternative to the conventional formocresol-ZOE procedure. Meticulous restorative techniques must be followed to ensure the success of laser-MTA pulpotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saltzman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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do Nascimento PM, Pinheiro ALB, Salgado MAC, Ramalho LMP. A Preliminary Report on the Effect of Laser Therapy on the Healing of Cutaneous Surgical Wounds as a Consequence of an Inversely Proportional Relationship between Wavelength and Intensity: Histological Study in Rats. Photomed Laser Surg 2004; 22:513-8. [PMID: 15684753 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2004.22.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present investigation was to assess the histological effects of different wavelengths and intensities on the healing process of cutaneous wounds. BACKGROUND DATA Tissue repair is a dynamic interactive process which involves mediators, cells and extra-cellular matrix. Several reports on the use of laser therapy have shown that the healing process is positively affected when the correct parameters are used. METHODS Eighteen standardized wounds were surgically created on the dorsum of male and female Wistar rats, which were subsequently divided into two experimental groups according to wavelength used lambda.670 or lambda685 nm) for lasertherapy (LLLT). Each group was divided into three subgroups of three animals according to the intensity of the applied irradiation (2, 15, or 25 mW). Twelve animals were used as untreated controls and were not irradiated. The irradiation was carried out during seven consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed eight days after surgery. The specimens were removed, kept in 4% formaldehyde for 24 h, routinely prepared to wax, stained with H&E, and analyzed under light microscopy. RESULTS For both groups, light microscopy showed a substitution repair process; however, when LLLT was used, a positive biomodulatory effect was detectable, chiefly associated with shorter wavelength and low intensity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that LLLT improved cutaneous wound repair and that the effect is a result of an inversely proportional relationship between wavelength and intensity, with treatment more effective when combining higher intensity with short wavelength or lower intensity with higher wavelength.
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Enwemeka CS, Parker JC, Dowdy DS, Harkness EE, Sanford LE, Woodruff LD. The efficacy of low-power lasers in tissue repair and pain control: a meta-analysis study. Photomed Laser Surg 2004; 22:323-9. [PMID: 15345176 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2004.22.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used statistical meta-analysis to determine the overall treatment effects of laser phototherapy on tissue repair and pain relief. BACKGROUND DATA Low-power laser devices were first used as a form of therapy more than 30 years ago. However, their efficacy in reducing pain or promoting tissue repair remains questionable. METHODS Following a literature search, studies meeting our inclusion criteria were identified and coded. Then, the effect size of laser treatment, that is, Cohen's d, was calculated from each study using standard meta-analysis procedures. RESULTS Thirty-four peer-reviewed papers on tissue repair met our inclusion criteria and were used to calculate 46 treatment effect sizes. Nine peer-reviewed papers on pain control met the inclusion criteria and were used to calculate nine effect sizes. Meta-analysis revealed a positive effect of laser phototherapy on tissue repair (d = +1.81; n = 46) and pain control (d = +1.11; n = 9). The positive effect of treatment on specific indices of tissue repair was evident in the treatment effect sizes determined as follows: collagen formation (d = +2.78), rate of healing (d = +1.57), tensile strength (d = +2.13), time needed for wound closure (d = +0.76), tensile stress (d = +2.65), number and rate of degranulation of mast cells (d = +1.87), and flap survival (d = +1.95). Further, analysis revealed the positive effects of various wavelengths of laser light on tissue repair, with 632.8 nm having the highest treatment effect (d = +2.44) and 780 nm the least (d = 0.60). The overall treatment effect for pain control was positive as well (d = +1.11). The fail-safe number-that is, the number of studies in which laser phototherapy has negative or no effect-needed to nullify the overall outcome of this analysis was 370 for tissue repair and 41 for pain control. CONCLUSIONS These findings mandate the conclusion that laser phototherapy is a highly effective therapeutic armamentarium for tissue repair and pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukuka S Enwemeka
- School of Health Professions, Behavioral and Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.
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Woodruff LD, Bounkeo JM, Brannon WM, Dawes KS, Barham CD, Waddell DL, Enwemeka CS. The efficacy of laser therapy in wound repair: a meta-analysis of the literature. Photomed Laser Surg 2004; 22:241-7. [PMID: 15315732 DOI: 10.1089/1549541041438623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the overall effects of laser therapy on tissue healing by aggregating the literature and subjecting studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria to statistical meta-analysis. BACKGROUND DATA Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices have been in use since the mid sixties, but their therapeutic value remains doubtful, as the literature seems replete with conflicting findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent original research papers were gathered from library sources, online databases and secondary sources. The papers were screened and coded; those meeting every inclusion and exclusion criterion were subjected to meta-analysis, using Cohen's d. statistic to determine the treatment effect size of each study. RESULTS Twenty-four studies with 31 effect sizes met the stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall mean effect of laser therapy on wound healing was highly significant (d = +2.22). Sub-analyses of the data revealed significant positive effects on wound healing in animal experiments (d = +1.97) as well as human clinical studies (d = +0.54). The analysis further revealed significant positive effects on specific indices of healing, for example, acceleration of inflammation (d = +4.45); augmentation of collagen synthesis (d = +1.80); increased tensile strength (d = +2.37), reduced healing time (d = +3.24); and diminution of wound size (d = +0.55). The Fail-Safe number associated with the overall effect of laser therapy was 509; a high number representing the number of additional studies-in which laser therapy has negative or no effect on wound healing-required to negate the overall large effect size of +2.22. The corresponding Fail-Safe number for clinical studies was 22. CONCLUSION We conclude that laser therapy is an effective tool for promoting wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda D Woodruff
- Department of Physical Therapy, North Georgia College and State University, Dahlonega, Georgia, USA
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Choi S, Chung MH. A review on the relationship between aloe vera components and their biologic effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1543-1150(03)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gouw-Soares S, Tanji E, Haypek P, Cardoso W, Eduardo CP. The use of Er:YAG, Nd:YAG and Ga-Al-As lasers in periapical surgery: a 3-year clinical study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LASER MEDICINE & SURGERY 2001; 19:193-8. [PMID: 11523863 DOI: 10.1089/104454701316918961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In an attempt to increase the successful rate of endodontic surgical procedures this study proposes the use of an association of three lasers in apicectomy: Er:YAG laser, (wavelength 2.94 microm pulse mode), Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1.064 microm, pulse mode), and Ga-Al-As laser, (wavelength of 790 nm, continuous wave). BACKGROUND DATA Previous studies have shown the low success rate of apicectomy by conventional methods due to the presence of remaining bacteria in the surgical site. METHODS The Er:YAG laser was used to perform osteotomy and root resection without vibration, discomfort, less contamination of the surgical site, and no smear-layer on the dentine surface. The Nd:YAG laser irradiation through a fiber performed sealing of the dentinal tubules and bacterial reduction of the cavity bone. In addition, the improvement of healing and better post-operative achieved with the Ga-Al-As laser encourages the use of those lasers in periapical surgeries. RESULTS Three years follow-up examination of the clinical case showed radiographically significant decrease of the radiolucent periapical area and no clinical signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION The outcome of this clinical case indicates that the use of those lasers could be considered an alternative, suitable, and useful method to perform an apicectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gouw-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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ATTENUATION AND PENETRATION OF VISIBLE 632.8nm AND INVISIBLE INFRA-RED 904nm LIGHT IN SOFT TISSUES. Laser Ther 2000. [DOI: 10.5978/islsm.13.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lucroy MD, Edwards BF, Madewell BR. Low-intensity laser light-induced closure of a chronic wound in a dog. Vet Surg 1999; 28:292-5. [PMID: 10424710 DOI: 10.1053/jvet.1999.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the application of low-intensity laser light for treatment of a chronic, full-thickness skin wound in a dog. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMALS An 8-year old, castrated Whippet. METHODS The wound was irradiated on the awake patient with 630 nM wavelength, nonthermal red light once daily for 4 consecutive days. Changes in wound surface area were measured by computer analysis of digital images of the wound. RESULTS The wound diminished in size during the course of laser treatments and was completely healed by day 21. No post-treatment complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity laser light may be useful for treatment of chronic skin wounds in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lucroy
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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Houghton PE, Brown JL. EFFECT OF LOW LEVEL LASER ON HEALING IN WOUNDED FETAL MOUSE LIMBS. Laser Ther 1999. [DOI: 10.5978/islsm.11.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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