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Heckel R, Jacob M, Chaudhari A, Perlman O, Shimron E. Deep learning for accelerated and robust MRI reconstruction. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:335-368. [PMID: 39042206 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as a pivotal technology for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a critical tool in diagnostic radiology. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in DL for MRI reconstruction, and focuses on various DL approaches and architectures designed to improve image quality, accelerate scans, and address data-related challenges. It explores end-to-end neural networks, pre-trained and generative models, and self-supervised methods, and highlights their contributions to overcoming traditional MRI limitations. It also discusses the role of DL in optimizing acquisition protocols, enhancing robustness against distribution shifts, and tackling biases. Drawing on the extensive literature and practical insights, it outlines current successes, limitations, and future directions for leveraging DL in MRI reconstruction, while emphasizing the potential of DL to significantly impact clinical imaging practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Heckel
- Department of computer engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathews Jacob
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Akshay Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Or Perlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shimron
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200004, Israel.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200004, Israel.
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Shao HC, Mengke T, Deng J, Zhang Y. 3D cine-magnetic resonance imaging using spatial and temporal implicit neural representation learning (STINR-MR). Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:095007. [PMID: 38479004 PMCID: PMC11017162 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad33b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective. 3D cine-magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) can capture images of the human body volume with high spatial and temporal resolutions to study anatomical dynamics. However, the reconstruction of 3D cine-MRI is challenged by highly under-sampled k-space data in each dynamic (cine) frame, due to the slow speed of MR signal acquisition. We proposed a machine learning-based framework, spatial and temporal implicit neural representation learning (STINR-MR), for accurate 3D cine-MRI reconstruction from highly under-sampled data.Approach. STINR-MR used a joint reconstruction and deformable registration approach to achieve a high acceleration factor for cine volumetric imaging. It addressed the ill-posed spatiotemporal reconstruction problem by solving a reference-frame 3D MR image and a corresponding motion model that deforms the reference frame to each cine frame. The reference-frame 3D MR image was reconstructed as a spatial implicit neural representation (INR) network, which learns the mapping from input 3D spatial coordinates to corresponding MR values. The dynamic motion model was constructed via a temporal INR, as well as basis deformation vector fields (DVFs) extracted from prior/onboard 4D-MRIs using principal component analysis. The learned temporal INR encodes input time points and outputs corresponding weighting factors to combine the basis DVFs into time-resolved motion fields that represent cine-frame-specific dynamics. STINR-MR was evaluated using MR data simulated from the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) digital phantom, as well as two MR datasets acquired clinically from human subjects. Its reconstruction accuracy was also compared with that of the model-based non-rigid motion estimation method (MR-MOTUS) and a deep learning-based method (TEMPEST).Main results. STINR-MR can reconstruct 3D cine-MR images with high temporal (<100 ms) and spatial (3 mm) resolutions. Compared with MR-MOTUS and TEMPEST, STINR-MR consistently reconstructed images with better image quality and fewer artifacts and achieved superior tumor localization accuracy via the solved dynamic DVFs. For the XCAT study, STINR reconstructed the tumors to a mean ± SD center-of-mass error of 0.9 ± 0.4 mm, compared to 3.4 ± 1.0 mm of the MR-MOTUS method. The high-frame-rate reconstruction capability of STINR-MR allows different irregular motion patterns to be accurately captured.Significance. STINR-MR provides a lightweight and efficient framework for accurate 3D cine-MRI reconstruction. It is a 'one-shot' method that does not require external data for pre-training, allowing it to avoid generalizability issues typically encountered in deep learning-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chieh Shao
- The Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - Tielige Mengke
- The Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - Jie Deng
- The Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - You Zhang
- The Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
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3
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Varghese J, Nayak KS, Ramasawmy R, Simonetti OP. Cardiac MRI at Low Field Strengths. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:412-430. [PMID: 37530545 PMCID: PMC10834858 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MR imaging is well established for assessment of cardiovascular structure and function, myocardial scar, quantitative flow, parametric mapping, and myocardial perfusion. Despite the clear evidence supporting the use of cardiac MRI for a wide range of indications, it is underutilized clinically. Recent developments in low-field MRI technology, including modern data acquisition and image reconstruction methods, are enabling high-quality low-field imaging that may improve the cost-benefit ratio for cardiac MRI. Studies to-date confirm that low-field MRI offers high measurement concordance and consistent interpretation with clinical imaging for several routine sequences. Moreover, low-field MRI may enable specific new clinical opportunities for cardiac imaging such as imaging near metal implants, MRI-guided interventions, combined cardiopulmonary assessment, and imaging of patients with severe obesity. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in low-field cardiac MRI with a focus on technical developments and early clinical validation studies. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Juliet Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Alfred Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Tonni G, Koçak Ç, Grisolia G, Rizzo G, Araujo Júnior E, Werner H, Ruano R, Sepulveda W, Bonasoni MP, Lituania M. Clinical Presentations and Diagnostic Imaging of VACTERL Association. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:651-674. [PMID: 37195727 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2206905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: VACTERL association consists of Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheo-Esophageal, Renal, and Limb defects. The diagnosis depends on the presence of at least three of these structural abnormalities. Methods: The clinical presentation and diagnostic prenatal imaging of VACTERL association are comprehensively reviewed. Results: The most common feature is a vertebral anomaly, found in 60-80% of cases. Tracheo-esophageal fistula is seen in 50-80% of cases and renal malformations in 30% of patients. Limb defects including thumb aplasia/hypoplasia, polydactyly, and radial agenesis/hypoplasia are present in 40-50% of cases. Anorectal defects, like imperforate anus/anal atresia, are challenging to detect prenatally. Conclusion: The diagnosis of VACTERL association mostly relies on imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance. Differential diagnosis should exclude similar diseases such as CHARGE and Townes-Brocks syndromes and Fanconi anemia. New insights into genetic etiology have led to recommendations of chromosomal breakage investigation for optimal diagnosis and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tonni
- Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology and Researcher, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Çağla Koçak
- Faculty of Medicine, Düzce Medical School, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Gianpaolo Grisolia
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinic Hospital, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heron Werner
- Laboratorio de Biodesign (Dasa/PUC-Rio), Alta Excelência Diagnostica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Fetal Surgery, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Waldo Sepulveda
- FETALMED, Maternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Fetal Imaging Unit, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), AUSL Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mario Lituania
- Preconceptional and Prenatal Physiopathology, Department of Maternal & Neonatology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Jiang Y, Gu H, Cai Z, Fu S, Cao Y, Jiang L, Wu C, Chen W, Xia C, Lui S, Song B, Gong Q, Ai H. Ultra-small manganese dioxide nanoparticles with high T1 relaxivity for magnetic resonance angiography. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37144293 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CAs) for clinical magnetic resonance imaging are facing the problems of low longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and toxicity caused by gadolinium deposition. Manganese-based small molecule complexes and manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONs) are considered as potential alternatives to Gd-based CAs due to their better biocompatibility, but their relatively low r1 values and complicated synthesis routes slow down their clinical translation. Herein, we presented a facile one-step co-precipitation method to prepare MONs using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a coating agent (MnO2/PAA NPs), which exhibited good biocompatibility and high r1 values. A series of MnO2/PAA NPs with different particle sizes were prepared and the relationship between the particle size and r1 was studied, revealing that the MnO2/PAA NPs with a particle size of 4.9 nm exhibited higher r1. The finally obtained MnO2/PAA NPs had a high r1 value (29.0 Mn mM-1 s-1) and a low r2/r1 ratio (1.8) at 1.5 T, resulting in a strong T1 contrast enhancement. In vivo magnetic resonance angiography with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats further proved that the MnO2/PAA NPs showed better angiographic performance at low-dosage administration than commercial Gadovist® (Gd-DO3A-Butrol). Moreover, the MnO2/PAA NPs could be rapidly cleared out after imaging, which effectively minimized the toxic side effects. The MnO2/PAA NPs are promising candidates for MR imaging of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Haojie Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingzi Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lingling Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Terutsuki D, Yoroizuka H, Osawa SI, Ogihara Y, Abe H, Nakagawa A, Iwasaki M, Nishizawa M. Totally Organic Hydrogel-Based Self-Closing Cuff Electrode for Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201627. [PMID: 36148587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An intrinsically soft organic electrode consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified polyurethane (PEDOT-PU) is embedded into a bilayer film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels for developing a self-closing cuff electrode for neuromodulation. The curled form of the PVA hydrogel is prepared by releasing internal stress in the bilayer structure. The inner diameter of the cuff electrode is set to less than 2 mm for immobilization to the vagus nerve (VN) of humans and pigs. The stability of the immobilization is examined, while the pressure applied to a nerve bundle is at a harmless level (≈200 Pa). Since the electrode is totally organic, MRI measurements can be conducted without image artifacts. The large electric capacitance of the PEDOT-PU (≈27 mF cm-2 ) ensures a safe stimulation of living tissues without Faradaic reactions. The practical performance of the cuff electrode for VN stimulation is demonstrated by observation of bradycardia induction in a pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Terutsuki
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hayato Yoroizuka
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Osawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogihara
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Klarenberg H, Gosselink M, Coolen BF, Leiner T, Nederveen AJ, Bakermans AJ, Lamb HJ, Boekholdt SM, Froeling M, Strijkers GJ. A 72-channel receive array coil allows whole-heart cine MRI in two breath holds. Eur Radiol Exp 2022; 6:54. [PMID: 36316525 PMCID: PMC9622972 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-022-00305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new 72-channel receive array coil and sensitivity encoding, compressed (C-SENSE) and noncompressed (SENSE), were investigated to decrease the number of breath-holds (BHs) for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS Three-T CMRs were performed using the 72-channel coil with SENSE-2/4/6 and C-SENSE-2/4/6 accelerated short-axis cine two-dimensional balanced steady-state free precession sequences. A 16-channel coil with SENSE-2 served as reference. Ten healthy subjects were included. BH-time was kept under 15 s. Data were compared in terms of image quality, biventricular function, number of BHs, and scan times. RESULTS BHs decreased from 7 with C-SENSE-2 (scan time 70 s, 2 slices/BH) to 3 with C-SENSE-4 (scan time 42 s, 4-5 slices/BH) and 2 with C-SENSE-6 (scan time 28 s, 7 slices/BH). Compared to reference, image sharpness was similar for SENSE-2/4/6, slightly inferior for C-SENSE-2/4/6. Blood-to-myocardium contrast was unaffected. C-SENSE-4/6 was given lower qualitative median scores, but images were considered diagnostically adequate to excellent, with C-SENSE-6 suboptimal. Biventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) and stroke volumes, ejection fractions (EF), cardiac outputs, and left ventricle (LV)-mass were similar for SENSE-2/4/6 with no systematic bias and clinically appropriate limits of agreements. C-SENSE slightly underestimated LV-EDV (-6.38 ± 6.0 mL, p < 0.047), LV-ESV (-7.94 ± 6.0 mL, p < 0.030) and overestimated LV-EF (3.16 ± 3.10%; p < 0.047) with C-SENSE-4. Bland-Altman analyses revealed minor systematic biases in these variables with C-SENSE-2/4/6 and for LV-mass with C-SENSE-6. CONCLUSIONS Using the 72-channel coil, short-axis CMR for quantifying biventricular function was feasible in two BHs where SENSE slightly outperformed C-SENSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Klarenberg
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Gosselink
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Leiner
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus J. Bakermans
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Matthijs Boekholdt
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Ko MJ, Hong H, Choi H, Kang H, Kim D. Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Ko
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Hyunsik Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Chicago Illinois 60611 USA
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9
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Wei X, Lin L, Zhang G, Zhou X. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Early Detection of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Cancer Therapies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1846. [PMID: 36010197 PMCID: PMC9406931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant progress in cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and combination therapies, has led to higher long-term survival rates in cancer patients, while the cardiotoxicity caused by cancer treatment has become increasingly prominent. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-invasive comprehensive imaging modality that provides not only anatomical information, but also tissue characteristics and cardiometabolic and energetic assessment, leading to its increased use in the early identification of cardiotoxicity, and is of major importance in improving the survival rate of cancer patients. This review focused on CMR techniques, including myocardial strain analysis, T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) calculation in the detection of early myocardial injury induced by cancer therapies. We summarized the existing studies and ongoing clinical trials using CMR for the assessment of subclinical ventricular dysfunction and myocardial changes at the tissue level. The main focus was to explore the potential of clinical and preclinical CMR techniques for continuous non-invasive monitoring of myocardial toxicity associated with cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guizhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518036, China; (X.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518036, China; (X.W.); (L.L.)
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Azeez H, Abdulrahman ZA, Nguyen T, Tofano M. Left Atrial Myxoma Presenting as Persistent Dizziness. Cureus 2022; 14:e26321. [PMID: 35911261 PMCID: PMC9310553 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac masses are divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors. The tumor can cause valvular obstruction and embolization phenomenon. To elucidate the etiology of cardiac masses, we rely on the use of echocardiograms in combination with the clinical picture of the patient. We describe an interesting case report of a 71-year-old woman who presented with persistent dizziness for one day. MRI brain showed multiple, small, scattered foci of acute infarction. The patient was treated with aspirin and atorvastatin. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mass in the left atrium. Afterward, the tumor was removed surgically and histopathology was consistent with atrial myxoma.
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11
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Liu K, Cai Z, Chi X, Kang B, Fu S, Luo X, Lin ZW, Ai H, Gao J, Lin H. Photoinduced Superhydrophilicity of Gd-Doped TiO 2 Ellipsoidal Nanoparticles Boosts T1 Contrast Enhancement for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3219-3227. [PMID: 35380442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The unsatisfactory performance of current gadolinium chelate based T1 contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stimulates the search for better alternatives. Herein, we report a new strategy to substantially improve the capacity of nanoparticle-based T1 CAs by exploiting the photoinduced superhydrophilic assistance (PISA) effect. As a proof of concept, we synthesized citrate-coated Gd-doped TiO2 ellipsoidal nanoparticles (GdTi-SC NPs), whose r1 increases significantly upon UV irradiation. The reduced water contact angle and the increased number of surface hydroxyl groups substantiate the existence of the PISA effect, which considerably promotes the efficiency of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) and thus the imaging performance of GdTi-SC NPs. In vivo MRI of SD rats with GdTi-SC NPs further demonstrates that GdTi-SC NPs could serve as a high-performance CA for sensitive imaging of blood vessels and accurate diagnosis of vascular lesions, indicating the success of our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Bilun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Röwer LM, Radke KL, Hußmann J, Malik H, Uelwer T, Voit D, Frahm J, Wittsack HJ, Harmeling S, Pillekamp F, Klee D. Comparison of cardiac volumetry using real-time MRI during free-breathing with standard cine MRI during breath-hold in children. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1462-1475. [PMID: 35353211 PMCID: PMC9271116 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) provides high-quality images even during free-breathing. Difficulties in post-processing impede its use in clinical routine. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative analysis of cardiac free-breathing RT-MRI and to compare image quality and volumetry during free-breathing RT-MRI in pediatric patients to standard breath-hold cine MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pediatric patients (n = 22) received cardiac RT-MRI volumetry during free breathing (1.5 T; short axis; 30 frames per s) in addition to standard breath-hold cine imaging in end-expiration. Real-time images were binned retrospectively based on electrocardiography and respiratory bellows. Image quality and volumetry were compared using the European Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance registry score, structure visibility rating, linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Additional time for binning of real-time images was 2 min. For both techniques, image quality was rated good to excellent. RT-MRI was significantly more robust against artifacts (P < 0.01). Linear regression revealed good correlations for the ventricular volumes. Bland-Altman plots showed a good limit of agreement (LoA) for end-diastolic volume (left ventricle [LV]: LoA -0.1 ± 2.7 ml/m2, right ventricle [RV]: LoA -1.9 ± 3.4 ml/m2), end-systolic volume (LV: LoA 0.4 ± 1.9 ml/m2, RV: LoA 0.6 ± 2.0 ml/m2), stroke volume (LV: LoA -0.5 ± 2.3 ml/m2, RV: LoA -2.6 ± 3.3 ml/m2) and ejection fraction (LV: LoA -0.5 ± 1.6%, RV: LoA -2.1 ± 2.8%). CONCLUSION Compared to standard cine MRI with breath hold, RT-MRI during free breathing with retrospective respiratory binning offers good image quality, reduced image artifacts enabling fast quantitative evaluations of ventricular volumes in clinical practice under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Maria Röwer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Karl Ludger Radke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Janina Hußmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Halima Malik
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Uelwer
- Department of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Voit
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joerg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Harmeling
- Department of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Pillekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Klee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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13
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Umemoto S, Abe K, Hosokawa K, Horimoto K, Saku K, Sakamoto T, Tsutsui H. Increased Pulmonary Arterial Compliance after Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty Predicts Exercise Tolerance Improvement in Inoperable CTEPH Patients with Lower Pulmonary Arterial Pressure. Heart Lung 2021; 52:8-15. [PMID: 34801772 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) improved pulmonary arterial compliance (CPA) and exercise tolerance in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). OBJECTIVES To investigate whether CPA is a useful index to indicate exercise tolerance improvement by BPA in CTEPH patients. METHODS The correlation between changes in CPA and improvements in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) by BPA was retrospectively analyzed in 70 patients (Analysis 1), and it was sequentially analyzed in 46 symptomatic patients who achieved mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)<30mmHg (Analysis 2). RESULTS We enrolled 70 patients (female/male:57/13, mean age:59 years) who underwent a total of 352 BPA sessions which significantly increased CPA (1.5±0.8 vs. 3.0±1.0 mL/mmHg) and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (8.0 ± 3.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.7 wood units). The correlation coefficient between improvement in 6MWD and changes in PVR and CPA were r=0.21 (p=0.09) and r=0.14 (p=0.26) (Analysis 1). In Analysis 2, those were r=0.32 (p=0.06) and r=0.38 (p=0.02), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CPA can be a useful index to indicate the improvement in exercise tolerance by BPA in symptomatic patients with lower mPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Umemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Hosokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshin Horimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Qi H, Cruz G, Botnar R, Prieto C. Synergistic multi-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance image reconstruction. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200197. [PMID: 33966456 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is an important tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Parametric mapping with multi-contrast CMR is able to quantify tissue alterations in myocardial disease and promises to improve patient care. However, magnetic resonance imaging is an inherently slow imaging modality, resulting in long acquisition times for parametric mapping which acquires a series of cardiac images with different contrasts for signal fitting or dictionary matching. Furthermore, extra efforts to deal with respiratory and cardiac motion by triggering and gating further increase the scan time. Several techniques have been developed to speed up CMR acquisitions, which usually acquire less data than that required by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, followed by regularized reconstruction to mitigate undersampling artefacts. Recent advances in CMR parametric mapping speed up CMR by synergistically exploiting spatial-temporal and contrast redundancies. In this article, we will review the recent developments in multi-contrast CMR image reconstruction for parametric mapping with special focus on low-rank and model-based reconstructions. Deep learning-based multi-contrast reconstruction has recently been proposed in other magnetic resonance applications. These developments will be covered to introduce the general methodology. Current technical limitations and potential future directions are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gastao Cruz
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Sandhu P, Ong JP, Garg V, Altaha M, Bello O, Singal SR, Verma S, Yan AT, Connelly KA. The effects of saxagliptin on cardiac structure and function using cardiac MRI (SCARF). Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:633-641. [PMID: 33483855 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A recent large cardiovascular outcome trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) demonstrated excess heart failure hospitalization with saxagliptin. We sought to evaluate the impact of saxagliptin on cardiac structure and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with T2DM without pre-existing heart failure. METHODS In this prospective study, patients with T2DM without heart failure were prescribed saxagliptin as part of routine guideline-directed management. Clinical assessment, CMR imaging and biomarkers were assessed in a blinded fashion and compared following 6 months of continued treatment. The primary outcome was the change in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) after 6 months of therapy. Key secondary outcomes included changes in LV and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume, ventricular mass, LV global strain and cardiac biomarkers [N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] over 6 months. RESULTS The cohort (n = 16) had a mean age of 59.9 years with 69% being male. The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.3%. Mean baseline LVEF was 57% ± 3.4, with no significant change over 6 months (- 0.2%, 95% CI - 2.5, 2.1, p = 0.86). Detailed CMR analyses that included LV/RV volumes, LV mass, and feature tracking-derived strain showed no significant change (all p > 0.50). NT-proBNP and hsCRP levels did not significantly change (p > 0.20). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of stable ambulatory patients with T2DM without heart failure, saxagliptin treatment was not associated with adverse ventricular remodeling over 6 months as assessed using CMR and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sandhu
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jann P Ong
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vinay Garg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mustafa Altaha
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olubenga Bello
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sewa R Singal
- Department of Medicine, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 193 Yonge St, Toronto, ON, M5B1M8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 193 Yonge St, Toronto, ON, M5B1M8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Ladrova M, Martinek R, Nedoma J, Hanzlikova P, Nelson MD, Kahankova R, Brablik J, Kolarik J. Monitoring and Synchronization of Cardiac and Respiratory Traces in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 15:200-221. [PMID: 33513108 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2021.3055550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization of human vital signs, namely the cardiac cycle and respiratory excursions, is necessary during magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiovascular system and the abdominal cavity to achieve optimal image quality with minimized artifacts. This review summarizes techniques currently available in clinical practice, as well as methods under development, outlines the benefits and disadvantages of each approach, and offers some unique solutions for consideration.
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17
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Jeong H, Lee H, Jung J, Kim H, Yu J, Yoon H, Lee Y, Chang J, Chang D. Evaluation of left ventricular function with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography after administration of dobutamine and esmolol in healthy beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:581-591. [PMID: 33473057 PMCID: PMC8111355 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) results in a
near-exact assessment of cardiac structures and function. However, most veterinary studies
have focused on dogs with normal cardiac function. We hypothesized that there would be
significant differences in cardiac measurements between cardiac MRI and echocardiography
when left ventricular (LV) function was abnormal. This study was undertaken to compare
measurements of LV function produced by cardiac MRI and echocardiography in dogs whose LV
function was altered by pharmacological agents. This study was conducted with six healthy
beagle dogs. We increased left ventricular contractility by administration of dobutamine;
we decreased cardiac contractility with esmolol. Stroke volume measurements were made by
using both cardiac MRI and echocardiography under seven different conditions with general
anesthesia: control, three doses of esmolol (100, 200, and 500 µg/kg/min), and three doses
of dobutamine (10, 20, and 50 µg/kg/min). Experiments involving each condition were
conducted at least 1 week apart. When LV contractility was normal, ejection fraction (EF)
and stroke volume (SV), as measured by echocardiography and cardiac MRI, were not
significantly different. However, when contractility was changed by pharmacological
agents, EF and SV were overestimated by echocardiography, compared to MRI. Evaluation of
cardiac function in patients treated with pharmacological agents should be conducted
carefully because EF and SV measured by echocardiography can be overestimated, compared
with EF and SV obtained by cardiac MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryoung Jeong
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hanbin Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jaihyun Jung
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunryung Kim
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyounglok Yoon
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Youngjae Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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18
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Lin K, Sarnari R, Pathrose A, Gordon D, Blaisdell J, Markl M, Carr JC. Cine MRI detects elevated left heart pressure in pulmonary hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:275-283. [PMID: 33421234 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging modality for evaluating left ventricular (LV) motion/deformation patterns, which may have potential to identify LV dysfunctions underlying postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cine MRI-derived LV motion/deformation indices can be used to identify an elevated left heart pressure in PH. This was a retrospective study, which included 26 precapillary and 28 postcapillary PH patients (23 males, 58.9 ± 13.5 years old). All patients underwent right heart catheterization (the "reference standard") and cardiac MRI. Balanced steady-state free precession cine sequence acquired at 1.5 T was used. Cine MRI datasets were analyzed by using heart deformation analysis. LV motion/deformation indices were measured through 25 phases within a cardiac cycle. Peak LV displacement, velocity, strain, and strain rates at systole, early and late diastole were compared between the two patient groups using t-tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to investigate the association between cine MRI-derived indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied to assess the ability of MRI-derived parameters to predict PCWP and postcapillary PH. Compared to 26 precapillary PH patients, the 28 postcapillary PH patients had lower peak late radial diastolic displacement (0.43 ± 0.19 cm vs. 0.64 ± 0.18 cm) and velocity (12.2 ± 5.8 mm/s vs. 18.9 ± 5.6 mm/s) and peak late radial (52.1 ± 32.7%/s vs. 97.1 ± 38%/s) and circumferential (38 ± 19.8%/s vs. 63.1 ± 22.9%/s) strain rates. PCWP was correlated with peak late radial diastolic displacement (r = -0.54) and velocity (r = -0.57) and peak late radial (r = -0.63) and circumferential diastolic (r = -0.63) strain rates. Peak late radial strain rate could predict PCWP (β = -0.09) and postcapillary PH (β = -0.036). All p < 0.05. Cine MRI-derived LV late diastolic motion/deformation properties can be used to estimate elevated left heart pressure in PH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roberto Sarnari
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashitha Pathrose
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie Blaisdell
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James C Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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Liu F, Dong J, Shen Y, Yun C, Wang R, Wang G, Tan J, Wang T, Yao Q, Wang B, Li L, Mi J, Zhou D, Xiong F. Comparison of PET/CT and MRI in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Network Analysis of Diagnostic Studies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736654. [PMID: 34671558 PMCID: PMC8522477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of bone metastasis status of prostate cancer (PCa) is becoming increasingly more important in guiding local and systemic treatment. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have increasingly been utilized globally to assess the bone metastases in PCa. Our meta-analysis was a high-volume series in which the utility of PET/CT with different radioligands was compared to MRI with different parameters in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three databases, including Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched to retrieve original trials from their inception to August 31, 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent investigators utilizing Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using an arm-based model. Absolute sensitivity and specificity, relative sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and superiority index, and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the diagnostic value. RESULTS Forty-five studies with 2,843 patients and 4,263 lesions were identified. Network meta-analysis reveals that 68Ga-labeled prostate membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) PET/CT has the highest superiority index (7.30) with the sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.99, followed by 18F-NaF, 11C-choline, 18F-choline, 18F-fludeoxyglucose (FDG), and 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT. The use of high magnetic field strength, multisequence, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and more imaging planes will increase the diagnostic value of MRI for the detection of bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Where available, 3.0-T high-quality MRI approaches 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was performed in the detection of bone metastasis on patient-based level (sensitivity, 0.94 vs. 0.91; specificity, 0.94 vs. 0.96; superiority index, 4.43 vs. 4.56). CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is recommended for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Where available, 3.0-T high-quality MRI approaches 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT should be performed in the detection of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yelong Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Canhua Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganggang Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiyang Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qun Yao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bomin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Mi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Sports Medicine, Wuxi 9th People’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Xiong,
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20
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Fries RC, Clark-Price SC, Kadotani S, Stack JP, Schaeffer DJ, Lascola KM. Quantitative assessment of left ventricular volume and function by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, ultrasound velocity dilution, and gated magnetic resonance imaging in healthy foals. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:930-939. [PMID: 33251841 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.12.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare measurements of left ventricular volume and function derived from 2-D transthoracic echocardiography (2DE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and the ultrasound velocity dilution cardiac output method (UDCO) with those derived from cardiac MRI (cMRI) in healthy neonatal foals. ANIMALS 6 healthy 1-week-old Standardbred foals. PROCEDURES Foals were anesthetized and underwent 2DE, TEE, and cMRI; UDCO was performed simultaneously with 2DE. Images acquired by 2DE included the right parasternal 4-chamber (R4CH), left apical 4- and 2-chamber (biplane), and right parasternal short-axis M-mode (M-mode) views. The longitudinal 4-chamber view was obtained by TEE. Measurements assessed included left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV), ejection fraction, stroke volume (LVSV), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI). Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare measurements derived from biplane, R4CH, and M-mode images and UDCO with cMRI-derived measurements. Repeatability of measurements calculated by 3 independent reviewers was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Compared with cMRI, all 2DE and TEE modalities underestimated LVEDV and LVESV and overestimated ejection fraction, CO, and CI. The LVSV was underestimated by the biplane, R4CH, and TEE modalities and overestimated by UDCO and M-mode methods. However, the R4CH-derived LVSV, CO, and CI were clinically comparable to cMRI-derived measures. Repeatability was good to excellent for measures derived from the biplane, R4CH, M-mode, UDCO, and cMRI methods and poor for TEE-derived measures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE All assessed modalities yielded clinically acceptable measurements of LVEDV, LVESV, and function, but those measurements should not be used interchangeably when monitoring patient progress.
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Umemoto S, Sakamoto I, Abe K, Ishikita A, Yamasaki Y, Hiasa KI, Ide T, Tsutsui H. Preoperative Threshold for Normalizing Right Ventricular Volume After Transcatheter Closure of Adult Atrial Septal Defect. Circ J 2020; 84:1312-1319. [PMID: 32554952 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latest guidelines recommend early intervention in adult atrial septal defect (ASD) patients with signs of right ventricular (RV) enlargement. However, the criteria of RV enlargement for optimal intervention remain unclear. We investigated the preoperative determinants for normalizing the RV volume after transcatheter closure of ASD in adults.Methods and Results:We retrospectively analyzed 52 ASD patients who underwent transcatheter closure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) measured RV volume before and 1 year after the closure. The patients were divided into normalized (postoperative RV end-systolic volume index [RVESVI] <47 mL/m2and end-diastolic volume index [RVEDVI] <108 mL/m2) and non-normalized (postoperative RVESVI ≥47 mL/m2or RVEDVI ≥108 mL/m2) groups. Preoperative RVESVI was significantly smaller (72 mL/m2vs. 80 mL/m2) and RVEF was higher (56% vs. 51%) in the normalized group compared with the non-normalized group. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for the normalization of postoperative RV volume showed that the preoperative threshold value of RVESVI was 75 mL/m2. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that preoperative RVESVI was an independent predictor for normalization of RV volume. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative RVESVI is an independent predictor for normalization of RV volume at 1 year after transcatheter closure of ASD in adults. Early intervention before RVESVI reaches 75 mL/m2may confer optimal timing for normalizing RV volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Umemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ayako Ishikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yuzo Yamasaki
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Ken-Ichi Hiasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Sun B, Chen Z, Duan Q, Xue Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, An J. A direct comparison of 3 T contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography to dual-source computed tomography angiography for detection of coronary artery stenosis: a single-center experience. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:40. [PMID: 32475355 PMCID: PMC7262765 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, substantial advances have been made in noninvasive cardiac imaging, including cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced whole heart coronary CMR angiography (CCMRA) to dual-source coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for the diagnosis of significant coronary stenoses (≥50%) in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for conventional x-ray coronary angiography. METHODS Our objective was to directly compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced whole-heart CCMRA (CE-CCMRA) to dual-source CCTA (DS-CCTA) for the detection of CAD. We prospectively studied 57 symptomatic patients with suspected or known CAD who were scheduled for conventional x-ray coronary angiography. Significant CAD was defined as an x-ray defined diameter reduction of ≥50% in a coronary artery with a reference diameter of ≥1.5 mm. RESULTS CE-CCMRA and DS-CCTA were completed in 51 (89%) of 57 patients without complications. The acquisition times of CE-CCMRA and DS-CCTA, respectively, were 9.5 ± 3.1 min and 8.3 ± 1.4 s. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of CE-CCMRA and DS-CCTA were 93.5% versus 93.5%(P > 0.05), 85% versus 90%(P > 0.05), 90.6% versus 93.5%(P > 0.05), and 89.4% versus 90%(P > 0.05), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.99) for CE-CCMRA and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.00) for DS-CCTA. CONCLUSIONS DS-CCTA was found to be superior to CE-CCMRA in the diagnosis of significant coronary stenoses (≥50%) in patients with suspected or known CAD scheduled for conventional x-ray coronary angiography, owing to shorter scanning times and higher spatial resolution. However, CE-CCMRA and DS-CCTA have similar diagnostic accuracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Jing An
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Rodríguez-Galván A, Rivera M, García-López P, Medina LA, Basiuk VA. Gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging: Trends and challenges. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3779-3794. [PMID: 32154648 PMCID: PMC7171414 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials are a new class of contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. They are characterized by a superior proton relaxivity to any current commercial gadolinium contrast agent and offer the possibility to design multifunctional contrasts. Intense efforts have been made to develop these nanomaterials because of their potential for better results than the available gadolinium contrast agents. The aim of the present work is to provide a review of the advances in research on gadolinium-containing carbon nanomaterials and their advantages over conventional gadolinium contrast agents. Due to their enhanced proton relaxivity, they can provide a reliable imaging contrast for cells, tissues or organs with much smaller doses than currently used in clinical practice, thus leading to reduced toxicity (as shown by cytotoxicity and biodistribution studies). Their active targeting capability allows for improved MRI of molecular or cellular targets, overcoming the limited labelling capability of available contrast agents (restricted to physiological irregularities during pathological conditions). Their potential of multifunctionality encompasses multimodal imaging and the combination of imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Galván
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Méxi, Mexico.,Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia García-López
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A Medina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer INCan-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Méxi, Mexico.,Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vladimir A Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Perry HL, Botnar RM, Wilton-Ely JDET. Gold nanomaterials functionalised with gadolinium chelates and their application in multimodal imaging and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4037-4046. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent progress in the design of gadolinium-functionalised gold nanoparticles for use in MRI, multimodal imaging and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Perry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Department of Chemistry
- White City Campus
- Imperial College London
- London
| | - René M. Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
- King's College London
- London
- UK
| | - James D. E. T. Wilton-Ely
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Department of Chemistry
- White City Campus
- Imperial College London
- London
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25
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Baron EL, Bhatt HV. Guess the Mass! J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:3511-3514. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fibrolipoma of the left ventricle: an uncommon incidental autopsy finding. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 16:362-365. [PMID: 31776801 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrolipoma of the heart is an unusual benign tumorous entity encountered, if present, during an ordinary imaging workout or at autopsy. It is often clinically silent but it can also be symptomatic depending on the size and location of the tumor. We report a case of an 82-year-old man with a medical history of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The decedent was referred to our department to undergo a forensic autopsy after a fall. Postmortem examination revealed a large encapsulated gelatinous, yellowish cardiac mass with its pedicle on the subendocardial region of the left ventricular anterior wall and interventricular septum, protruding into the left ventricular cavity. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac fibro-lipoma, a rare histologic variant of lipoma, irrelevant to the cause of death in the present case. The rarity of the occurrence of fibro-lipomas provides clinical implications for the inclusion of the entity in the differential diagnosis of a cardiac mass.
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Menchón-Lara RM, Simmross-Wattenberg F, Casaseca-de-la-Higuera P, Martín-Fernández M, Alberola-López C. Reconstruction techniques for cardiac cine MRI. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:100. [PMID: 31549235 PMCID: PMC6757088 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present survey describes the state-of-the-art techniques for dynamic cardiac magnetic resonance image reconstruction. Additionally, clinical relevance, main challenges, and future trends of this image modality are outlined. Thus, this paper aims to provide a general vision about cine MRI as the standard procedure in functional evaluation of the heart, focusing on technical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-María Menchón-Lara
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain.
| | - Federico Simmross-Wattenberg
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Pablo Casaseca-de-la-Higuera
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Marcos Martín-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberola-López
- Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
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Oribe S, Yoshida S, Kusama S, Osawa SI, Nakagawa A, Iwasaki M, Tominaga T, Nishizawa M. Hydrogel-Based Organic Subdural Electrode with High Conformability to Brain Surface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13379. [PMID: 31527626 PMCID: PMC6746719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A totally soft organic subdural electrode has been developed by embedding an array of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified carbon fabric (PEDOT-CF) into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel substrate. The mesh structure of the stretchable PEDOT-CF allowed stable structural integration with the PVA substrate. The electrode performance for monitoring electrocorticography (ECoG) was evaluated in saline solution, on ex vivo brains, and in vivo animal experiments using rats and porcines. It was demonstrated that the large double-layer capacitance of the PEDOT-CF brings low impedance at the frequency of brain wave including epileptic seizures, and PVA hydrogel substrate minimized the contact impedance on the brain. The most important unique feature of the hydrogel-based ECoG electrode was its shape conformability to enable tight adhesion even to curved, grooved surface of brains by just being placed. In addition, since the hydrogel-based electrode is totally organic, the simultaneous ECoG-fMRI measurements could be conducted without image artifacts, avoiding problems induced by conventional metallic electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Oribe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shotaro Yoshida
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shinya Kusama
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Osawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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Rajiah P, Moore A, Saboo S, Goerne H, Ranganath P, MacNamara J, Joshi P, Abbara S. Multimodality Imaging of Complications of Cardiac Valve Surgeries. Radiographics 2019; 39:932-956. [PMID: 31150303 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Replacement with a prosthetic heart valve (PHV) remains the definitive surgical procedure for management of severe cardiac valve disease. PHV dysfunction is uncommon but can be a life-threatening condition. The broad hemodynamic and pathophysiologic manifestations of PHV dysfunction are stenosis, regurgitation, and a stuck leaflet. Specific structural abnormalities that cause PHV dysfunction include prosthetic valve-patient mismatch, structural failure, valve calcification, dehiscence, paravalvular leak, infective endocarditis, abscess, pseudoaneurysm, abnormal connections, thrombus, hypoattenuating leaflet thickening, and pannus. Multiple imaging modalities are available for evaluating a PHV and its dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography is often the first-line imaging modality, with additional modalities such as transesophageal echocardiography, CT, MRI, cine fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine used for further characterization and establishing a specific cause. The authors review PHVs and the role of imaging modalities in evaluation of PHV dysfunction and illustrate the imaging appearances of different complications. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Rajiah
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Alastair Moore
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Sachin Saboo
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Harold Goerne
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Praveen Ranganath
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - James MacNamara
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Parag Joshi
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
| | - Suhny Abbara
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (P. Rajiah, A.M., S.S., H.G., P. Ranganath., S.A.), and Department of Cardiology (J.M., P.J.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, E6.122G, Mail Code 9316, Dallas, TX 75390-8896; Department of Radiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (S.S.); IMSS Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.); and CID Imaging and Diagnostic Center, Guadalajara, Mexico (H.G.)
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Prousi GS, Moran JV, Biggs RG. Atrial Myxoma Presenting with Palpitations: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e4093. [PMID: 31032153 PMCID: PMC6472717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial myxomas are a rare phenomenon and although benign, primary neoplasms of the heart can be burdensome depending on their location. Clinical symptoms are caused through a variety of mechanisms including conduction disturbances, obstruction, and valvular interference. Size and symptom development are strongly correlated and can almost always be detected by the use of echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. This is a case of a 62-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to our facility with complaints of palpitations and associated dizziness for three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Prousi
- Internal Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - Joseph V Moran
- Internal Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
| | - Ross G Biggs
- Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, USA
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31
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Borrazzo C, Pacilio M, Galea N, Preziosi E, Carnì M, Francone M, Catalano C, Carbone I. T1 and extracellular volume fraction mapping in cardiac magnetic resonance: estimation of accuracy and precision of a novel algorithm. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:04NT06. [PMID: 30625450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafcca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is effective for non-invasive detection of myocardial diseases by extracellular volume fraction (ECV) estimation. A new methodology for T1 and ECV mapping is tested in this work, comparing results with other well-consolidated methods. The associated level of uncertainty for data was also estimated, to assess the reliability of the technique. A phantom with known T1 values was used for reference, and 60 subjects (40 controls, 20 diseased patients) were examined, using the modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) method. Obtained T1 data were studied in terms of accuracy (difference with reference T1), paired comparisons with other methods, and Gamma-tool analysis with tolerances criteria of 4.21 mm for distance-to-agreement, and between 2%-5% for T1 difference. Accuracy and precision of the T1 mapping was analysed by phantom measurements, and the uncertainty of the ECV was estimated by T1 error propagation. Differences (in paired comparisons) of T1 datasets were not significant neither for statistical tests, nor for Bland-Altman analysis. T1 accuracy was between -12% and -1% across methods, slightly better for the tested method (mean accuracy in the T1 range of interest better than 2%). The Gamma analysis confirm slightly better results for the tested method than other methodologies. The new method improves the computational efficiency by a factor of 25 (at least), revealing to be also more suitable for Big Data-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy. Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Fries RC, Gordon SG, Saunders AB, Miller MW, Hariu CD, Schaeffer DJ. Quantitative assessment of two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in normal canine hearts. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 21:79-92. [PMID: 30797448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2D transesophageal echocardiography, and computed tomography angiography (CTA) compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in normal dogs and to assess repeatability of 2D and 3D TTE for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) dimensions. ANIMALS The study was performed on six healthy dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, CTA, and CMR were performed on each dog. Right ventricular (RV) and LV volumes (in systole and diastole), ejection fraction (EF), and LA and right atrial (RA) volumes were assessed. Repeatability and intrarater and interrater measurements of variability were quantified by average coefficient of variation (CV) for 2D and 3D TTE. RESULTS No clinically relevant differences in LV volume were detected between CMR and all modalities. Importantly, 3D TTE had the lowest CV (6.45%), correlated with (rs = 0.62, p = 0.01), and had the highest overlap in distribution with CMR (OVL >80%). Left ventricular EF and LA size via CTA compared best with CMR and RV and RA volumes were best estimated by 3D TTE. Assessment of LV and LA volumes via 3D TTE had moderate repeatability (15-21%) compared with LV M-mode measurements and 2D LA-to-aortic ratio (<10%), respectively. For LV size, interrater CV for 3D TTE (19.4%) was lower than 2D TTE (23.1%). CONCLUSIONS Measurements of LV, RV, and RA volumes via 3D TTE and LA volume and LV EF assessed by CTA compared best with CMR. Three-dimensional echocardiography had lower interrater and intrarater CV compared with 2D TTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Fries
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
| | - S G Gordon
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - A B Saunders
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - M W Miller
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - C D Hariu
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - D J Schaeffer
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Armenian SH, Rinderknecht D, Au K, Lindenfeld L, Mills G, Siyahian A, Herrera C, Wilson K, Venkataraman K, Mascarenhas K, Tavallali P, Razavi M, Pahlevan N, Detterich J, Bhatia S, Gharib M. Accuracy of a Novel Handheld Wireless Platform for Detection of Cardiac Dysfunction in Anthracycline-Exposed Survivors of Childhood Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3119-3125. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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T2 Mapping for Noninvasive Assessment of Interstitial Edema in Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection in a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation. Invest Radiol 2018; 53:271-277. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zaccagna F, Grist JT, Deen SS, Woitek R, Lechermann LMT, McLean MA, Basu B, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: a clinical tool for studying tumour metabolism. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170688. [PMID: 29293376 PMCID: PMC6190784 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in tumours is reprogrammed away from oxidative metabolism, even in the presence of oxygen. Non-invasive imaging techniques can probe these alterations in cancer metabolism providing tools to detect tumours and their response to therapy. Although Positron Emission Tomography with (18F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET) is an established clinical tool to probe cancer metabolism, it has poor spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast, utilizes ionizing radiation and only probes glucose uptake and phosphorylation and not further downstream metabolism. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has the capability to non-invasively detect and distinguish molecules within tissue but has low sensitivity and can only detect selected nuclei. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a technique which greatly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved with MR by significantly increasing nuclear spin polarization and this method has now been translated into human imaging. This review provides a brief overview of this process, also termed Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (HP 13C-MRSI), its applications in preclinical imaging, an outline of the current human trials that are ongoing, as well as future potential applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Surrin S Deen
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bristi Basu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a versatile imaging modality that enables aetiological assessment and provides additional information to that of standard echocardiography in a significant proportion of patients with heart failure. In addition to highly accurate and reproducible assessment of ventricular volumes and replacement fibrosis, multiparametric mapping techniques have rapidly evolved to further expand the diagnostic and prognostic applications in various conditions ranging from acute inflammatory and ischaemic cardiomyopathy, to cardiac involvement in systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis and iron overload cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss the established role of T2* imaging and rapidly evolving clinical applications of myocardial T2 mapping as quantitative adjuncts to established qualitative imaging techniques.
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Dobak TP, Starrak G, Linn K, Snead ECR. Imperforated cor triatriatum dexter in a dog with concurrent caudal vena cava wall mineralization. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:3. [PMID: 28049537 PMCID: PMC5210289 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation with various manifestations and has been sporadically described in dogs. Clinically the dogs present with nonspecific signs of right heart failure or Budd-Chiari-like syndrome. Other associated concurrent cardiovascular anomalies are commonly reported. Diagnosis and full characterization of this complex malformation requires careful investigation and often a multimodal imaging approach. CASE PRESENTATION A 10-week-old, male intact, Golden Retriever was presented with clinical signs of stunted growth, anorexia, and progressive ascites. CTD imperforate with sole separation of the caudal vena cava (CdVC) and concurrent venous wall mineralization was conjointly diagnosed and fully characterized by echocardiography, non-selective angiography, computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This was successfully treated surgically and the dog returned to normal activity. CONCLUSION To the author's knowledge, this is the first case of CTD imperforate separating the CdVC from the right atrium (RA) with presumed secondary CdCV wall and hepatic parenchyma mineralization reported in a dog. CTD is an important and potentially correctable cause for the development of ascites in a young puppy. Accurate diagnosis of this complex cardiac anomaly is important for selection of the most appropriate curative treatment option.
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A feasible and automatic free tool for T1 and ECV mapping. Phys Med 2017; 33:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Grotenhuis HB, Nyns ECA, Kantor PF, Dipchand AI, Greenway SC, Yoo SJ, Tomlinson G, Chaturvedi RR, Grosse-Wortmann L. Abnormal Myocardial Contractility After Pediatric Heart Transplantation by Cardiac MRI. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1198-1205. [PMID: 28555404 PMCID: PMC5514218 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) compromises graft function after heart transplantation (HTX). The purpose of this study was to describe systolic myocardial deformation in pediatric HTX and to determine whether it is impaired during ACR. Eighteen combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)/endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) examinations were performed in 14 HTX patients (11 male, age 13.9 ± 4.7 years; 1.2 ± 1.3 years after HTX). Biventricular function and left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain, rotation, and torsion by myocardial tagging CMR were compared to 11 controls as well as between patients with and without clinically significant ACR. HTX patients showed mildly reduced biventricular systolic function when compared to controls [LV ejection fraction (EF): 55 ± 8% vs. 61 ± 3, p = 0.02; right ventricular (RV) EF: 48 ± 7% vs. 53 ± 6, p = 0.04]. Indexed LV mass was mildly increased in HTX patients (67 ± 14 g/m2 vs. 55 ± 13, p = 0.03). LV myocardial deformation indices were all significantly reduced, expressed by global circumferential strain (-13.5 ± 2.3% vs. -19.1 ± 1.1%, p < 0.01), basal strain (-13.7 ± 3.0% vs. -17.5 ± 2.4%, p < 0.01), mid-ventricular strain (-13.4 ± 2.7% vs. -19.3 ± 2.2%, p < 0.01), apical strain (-13.5 ± 2.8% vs. -19.9 ± 2.0%, p < 0.01), basal rotation (-2.0 ± 2.1° vs. -5.0 ± 2.0°, p < 0.01), and torsion (6.1 ± 1.7° vs. 7.8 ± 1.1°, p < 0.01). EMBx demonstrated ACR grade 0 R in 3 HTX cases, ACR grade 1 R in 11 HTX cases and ACR grade 2 R in 4 HTX cases. When comparing clinically non-significant ACR (grades 0-1 R vs. ACR 2 R), basal rotation, and apical rotation were worse in ACR 2 R patients (-1.4 ± 1.8° vs. -4.2 ± 1.4°, p = 0.01 and 10.2 ± 2.9° vs. 2.8 ± 1.9°, p < 0.01, respectively). Pediatric HTX recipients demonstrate reduced biventricular systolic function and decreased myocardial contractility. Myocardial deformation indices by CMR may serve as non-invasive markers of graft function and, perhaps, rejection in pediatric HTX patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heynric B Grotenhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Emile C A Nyns
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paul F Kantor
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anne I Dipchand
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Steven C Greenway
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Cardiac Sciences, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shi-Joon Yoo
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital and Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv R Chaturvedi
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lars Grosse-Wortmann
- Department of Paediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yüksel A, Saba D, Velioğlu Y, Ener S, Özkan H. Biatrial Approach Provides Better Outcomes in the Surgical Treatment of Cardiac Myxomas. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 31:309-317. [PMID: 27849304 PMCID: PMC5094423 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20160066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to present clinical features, surgical approaches, importance of surgical technique and long-term outcomes of our patients with cardiac myxoma who underwent surgery. Methods We retrospectively collected data of patients with cardiac myxoma who underwent surgical resection between February 1990 and November 2014. Biatrial approach is the preferred surgical method in a large proportion of patients that are operated due to left atrial myxoma because it provides wider exposure than the uniatrial approach. To prevent recurrence during surgical resection, a large excision is made so as to include at least 5 mm of normal area from clean tissue around the tumor. Moreover, special attention is paid to the excision that is made as a whole, without digesting the fragment of tumor with gentle dissections. Results Forty-three patients (20 males, mean age of 51.7±8.8 years) were included. Most common symptom was dyspnea (48.8%). Tumor was located in the left atrium in 37 (86%) patients. Resections were achieved via biatrial approach in 34 patients, uniatrial approach in 8 patients, and right atriotomy with right ventriculotomy in 1 patient. One patient died due to low cardiac output syndrome in the early postoperative period. Mean follow-up time was 102.3±66.5 months. Actuarial survival rates were 95%, 92% and 78% at five, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Recurrence was observed in none of the patients during follow-up. Conclusion Although myxomas are benign tumors, due to embolic complications and obstructive signs, they should be treated surgically as soon as possible after diagnosis. To prevent recurrence, especially in cardiac myxomas which are located in left atrium, preferred biatrial approach is suggested for wide resection of the tumor and to avoid residual tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yüksel
- Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Davit Saba
- Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Velioğlu
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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Connelly KA, Wijeysundera HC, Roifman I. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, and Early Left Ventricular Mass Regression-A Virtual Microscope Into Ventricular Remodelling? Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1369-1371. [PMID: 27717525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Biomedical Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Harindra C Wijeysundera
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Idan Roifman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mandic L, Traxler D, Gugerell A, Zlabinger K, Lukovic D, Pavo N, Goliasch G, Spannbauer A, Winkler J, Gyöngyösi M. Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis in Cardiac Regeneration. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016; 9:27. [PMID: 27683600 PMCID: PMC5018257 DOI: 10.1007/s12410-016-9389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure displays an important cause of death worldwide. Adequate restoration of blood flow to prevent this transition is a crucial factor to improve long-term morbidity and mortality. Novel regenerative therapies have been thoroughly investigated within the past decades. RECENT FINDINGS Increased angiogenesis in infarcted myocardium has shown beneficial effects on the prognosis of MI; therefore, the proangiogenic capacity of currently tested treatments is of specific interest. Molecular imaging to visualize formation of new blood vessels in vivo displays a promising option to monitor proangiogenic effects of regenerative substances. SUMMARY Based on encouraging results in preclinical models, molecular angiogenesis imaging has recently been applied in a small set of patients. This article reviews recent literature on noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging of angiogenesis after MI as an integral part of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Mandic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
T1 or longitudinal relaxation time is one of the very fundamental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) time constants and a tissue characterizing parameter. Only during the last decade did it become possible to quantify T1 values of the myocardium through T1 mapping. Evolving from only region of interest analysis and long acquisition times to the pixel-based parametric mapping and short breath-hold sequences, T1 mapping is reaching maturity among cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques. Both inversion recovery methods such as MOdified Look-Locker Inversion (MOL-LI) and Shortened MOLLI (ShMOLLI) and saturation recovery methods such as Saturation recovery Single-Shot Acquisition (SASHA) are available for T1 quantification with variable degrees of accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Native (non-contrast) T1 values increase with edema, amyloid deposition, and fibrosis, while they decrease in fat or iron deposition in the myocardium. These features enabled significant expansion of the clinical applications of native T1 mapping where it provides high sensitivity and specificity and even acts as a disease biomarker or a predictor of prognosis. It is of particular usefulness in diffuse myocardial diseases where conventional CMR techniques might be deceiving. A brighter future for the technique is expected if certain challenges are to be faced, examples of which are the need for standardization of normal values, acquisition techniques, and improving analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamdy
- Department of Radiology, Mie University Hospital
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Di Leo G, Fisci E, Secchi F, Alì M, Ambrogi F, Sconfienza LM, Sardanelli F. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography for detection of coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:3706-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Li HZ, Zhao X, Xu J. MRI-compatible Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy for vascular stents: Electrochemical corrosion behavior in simulated plasma solution. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Eskofier J, Wefstaedt P, Beyerbach M, Nolte I, Hungerbühler SO. Quantification of left ventricular volumes and function in anesthetized beagles using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: 4D-TomTec™ analysis versus 4D-AutLVQ™ analysis in comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:260. [PMID: 26459280 PMCID: PMC4603588 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Backround Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) enables accurate volume determination of the left ventricle (LV), since measurements in foreshortened depicted views are avertable. Different analyzing programs are available for this RT3DE. The commonly used semi-automatic software 4D-AutLVQ™ showed underestimation of LV volumes in comparison with CMRI in healthy anesthetized dogs (Am J Vet Res 74(9):1223–1230, 2013). TomTec 4D LV-Function™ is an offline analysis program for morphological and functional analyses of the left ventricle by using manual measurement optimization, showing excellent agreement with CMRI in human medicine (Echocardiography 27(10):1263–1273, 2010; Eur J Echocardiogr 11(4):359–368, 2010; Echocardiography 24(9):967–974, 2007). The aim of the present study was to compare these different RT3DE analyzing software programs to test the possibility of one performing better than the other by assessing accuracy and reproducibility in comparison with the reference method cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) by determining the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF). RT3DE and CMRI were performed during anesthesia in 10 healthy beagles. The analyzing programs 4D-AutLVQ™ (based on semi-automated border detection) and TomTec 4D LV-Function™ (primary manual tracking with semi-automated border detection) were used for RT3DE volume analysis of the left ventricle. Left ventricular EDV, ESV, SV and EF were measured and compared to those measured by the reference method CMRI. Repeated measurements were performed to determine inter- and intra-observer variability. Results Both, 4D-AutLVQ™ and 4D-TomTec™ showed small but significant underestimation for EDV and ESV with quite good correlation (r = 0.34–0.69) in comparison with CMRI, without significant difference between each of them. Ejection fraction (EF) measured by 4D-TomTec™ showed no significant differences compared to CMRI (p = 0.12), while 4D-AutLVQ™ significantly underestimated LV-EF (p = 0.03). Analyzing time was shorter using 4D-AutLVQ™ compared to 4D-TomTec™. The inter-observer variability was higher using 4D-TomTec™ than with 4D-AutLVQ™, whereas both methods present excellent intra-observer variability. Conclusion 4D-TomTec™ and 4D-AutLVQ™ are feasible RT3DE analyzing programs, allowing accurate volume quantification of the left ventricle, albeit with significant underestimation of ventricular volumes in comparison with the gold standard CMRI. 4D-AutLVQ™ is performed faster with less inter-observer variability than 4D-TomTec™. Therefore, 4D-AutLVQ™ is the more practicable measurement method when comparing the different analyzing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Eskofier
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Nolte
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stephan O Hungerbühler
- 3Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify myocardial blood flow in infants and children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis using adenosine-infusion cardiac magnetic resonance. BACKGROUND It is unclear whether asymptomatic children with mild/moderate aortic stenosis have myocardial abnormalities. In addition, cardiac magnetic resonance-determined normative myocardial blood flow data in children have not been reported. METHODS We studied 31 infants and children with either haemodynamically normal hearts (n=20, controls) or mild/moderate aortic stenosis (n=11). The left ventricular myocardium was divided into six segments, and the change in average segmental signal intensity during contrast transit was used to quantify absolute flow (ml/g/minute) at rest and during adenosine infusion by deconvolution of the tissue curves with the arterial input of contrast. RESULTS In all the cases, adenosine was well tolerated without complications. The mean pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta was higher in the aortic stenosis group compared with controls (24 versus 3 mmHg, p<0.001). Left ventricular wall mass was slightly higher in the aortic stenosis group compared with controls (65 versus 50 g/m², p<0.05). After adenosine treatment, both the absolute increase in myocardial blood flow (p<0.0001) and the hyperaemic flow significantly decreased (p<0.001) in children with mild/moderate aortic stenosis compared with controls. CONCLUSION Abnormal myocardial blood flow in children with mild/moderate aortic stenosis may be an important therapeutic target.
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Castiglioni L, Colazzo F, Fontana L, Colombo GI, Piacentini L, Bono E, Milano G, Paleari S, Palermo A, Guerrini U, Tremoli E, Sironi L. Evaluation of Left Ventricle Function by Regional Fractional Area Change (RFAC) in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Valsartan Treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135778. [PMID: 26291973 PMCID: PMC4546366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Left ventricle (LV) regional fractional area change (RFAC) measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows the non-invasive localization and quantification of the degree of myocardial infarction (MI), and could be applied to assess the effectiveness of pharmacological or regenerative therapies. Here we investigate the ability of RFAC to identify regional dysfunction and discriminate the effect of pharmacological treatment with valsartan, a selective antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, in a model of MI. Methods and Results C57BL/6N mice, undergoing coronary artery ligation, were divided into two groups: untreated (MI) or treated with valsartan (MI+Val). Sham-operated mice were used as a control. Cardiac dimensions and function were assessed at baseline, 24 hours, 1 and 4 weeks post surgery by CMR and echocardiography. At sacrifice histology and whole-genome gene expression profiling were performed. RFAC was able to detect significant differences between treatment groups whereas the global ejection fraction was not. RFAC showed greater loss of regional contraction in remote non-infarcted myocardium in MI group than in MI+Val group. Consistently, in the same region MI+Val mice showed reduced myocyte hypertrophy, fibroblast proliferation, and fibrosis and modulation of target genes; in addition, left atrium volumes, appendage length and duct contraction were preserved. Conclusion In this study, RFAC effectively estimated the degree of systolic dysfunction and discriminated the regions preserved by pharmacological treatment. RFAC index is a promising tool to monitor changes in LV contraction and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic regimens in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa Bono
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Serena Paleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Palermo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Uliano Guerrini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ahlander BM, Maret E, Brudin L, Starck SA, Engvall J. An echo-planar imaging sequence is superior to a steady-state free precession sequence for visual as well as quantitative assessment of cardiac magnetic resonance stress perfusion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:52-61. [PMID: 26147785 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess myocardial perfusion, steady-state free precession cardiac magnetic resonance (SSFP, CMR) was compared with gradient-echo-echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) as reference. METHODS Cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion was recorded in 30 patients with SSFP and in another 30 patients with GRE-EPI. Timing and extent of inflow delay to the myocardium was visually assessed. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were calculated. Myocardial scar was visualized with a phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence (PSIR). All scar positive segments were considered pathologic. In MPS, stress and rest images were used as in clinical reporting. The CMR contrast wash-in slope was calculated and compared with the stress score from the MPS examination. CMR scar, CMR perfusion and MPS were assessed separately by one expert for each method who was blinded to other aspects of the study. RESULTS Visual assessment of CMR had a sensitivity for the detection of an abnormal MPS at 78% (SSFP) versus 91% (GRE-EPI) and a specificity of 58% (SSFP) versus 84% (GRE-EPI). Kappa statistics for SSFP and MPS was 0·29, for GRE-EPI and MPS 0·72. The ANOVA of CMR perfusion slopes for all segments versus MPS score (four levels based on MPS) had correlation r = 0·64 (SSFP) and r = 0·96 (GRE-EPI). SNR was for normal segments 35·63 ± 11·80 (SSFP) and 17·98 ± 8·31 (GRE-EPI), while CNR was 28·79 ± 10·43 (SSFP) and 13·06 ± 7·61 (GRE-EPI). CONCLUSION GRE-EPI displayed higher agreement with the MPS results than SSFP despite significantly lower signal intensity, SNR and CNR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Maret
- Department of Radiology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jonkoping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Sven-Ake Starck
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jonkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Hospital Physics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jonkoping, Sweden
| | - Jan Engvall
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, County Council of Ostergotland, Linkoping, Sweden.,Center of Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Hamlin SA, Henry TS, Little BP, Lerakis S, Stillman AE. Mapping the future of cardiac MR imaging: case-based review of T1 and T2 mapping techniques. Radiographics 2015; 34:1594-611. [PMID: 25310419 DOI: 10.1148/rg.346140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has grown over the past several decades into a validated, noninvasive diagnostic imaging tool with a pivotal role in cardiac morphologic and functional assessment and tissue characterization. With traditional cardiac MR imaging sequences, assessment of various pathologic conditions ranging from ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy to cardiac involvement in systemic diseases (eg, amyloidosis and sarcoidosis) is possible; however, these sequences are most useful in focal myocardial disease, and image interpretation relies on subjective qualitative analysis of signal intensity. Newer T1 and T2 myocardial mapping techniques offer a quantitative assessment of the myocardium (by using T1 and T2 relaxation times), which can be helpful in focal disease, and demonstrate special utility in the evaluation of diffuse myocardial disease (eg, edema and fibrosis). Altered T1 and T2 relaxation times in disease states can be compared with published ranges of normal relaxation times in healthy patients. In conjunction with traditional cardiac MR imaging sequences, T1 and T2 mapping can limit the interpatient and interstudy variability that are common with qualitative analysis and may provide clinical markers for long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Hamlin
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging (S.A.H., T.S.H., B.P.L., A.E.S.), and Department of Cardiology (S.L.), Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Room D125A, Atlanta, GA 30322
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