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Sorin M, Prosty C, Ghaleb L, Nie K, Katergi K, Shahzad MH, Dubé LR, Atallah A, Swaby A, Dankner M, Crump T, Walsh LA, Fiset PO, Sepesi B, Forde PM, Cascone T, Provencio M, Spicer JD. Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:621-633. [PMID: 38512301 PMCID: PMC10958389 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance To date, no meta-analyses have comprehensively assessed the association of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in randomized and nonrandomized settings. In addition, there exists controversy concerning the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for patients with NSCLC with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels less than 1%. Objective To compare neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with chemotherapy by adverse events and surgical, pathological, and efficacy outcomes using recently published randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized trials. Data Sources MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched from January 1, 2013, to October 25, 2023, for all clinical trials of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy that included at least 10 patients. Study Selection Observational studies and trials reporting the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy, including chemoradiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, or immunotherapy monotherapy, were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgical, pathological, and efficacy end points and adverse events were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results Among 43 eligible trials comprising 5431 patients (4020 males [74.0%]; median age range, 55-70 years), there were 8 randomized clinical trials with 3387 patients. For randomized clinical trials, pooled overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.79; I2 = 0%), event-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.52-0.67; I2 = 14.9%), major pathological response (risk ratio, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.83-4.15; I2 = 31.2%), and complete pathological response (risk ratio, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.25-7.15; I2 = 27.4%) favored neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy over neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with baseline tumor PD-L1 levels less than 1%, there was a significant benefit in event-free survival for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89; I2 = 0%). Conclusion and Relevance This study found that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy across surgical, pathological, and efficacy outcomes. These findings suggest that patients with resectable NSCLC with tumor PD-L1 levels less than 1% may have an event-free survival benefit with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Connor Prosty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Ghaleb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathy Nie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khaled Katergi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muhammad H. Shahzad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurie-Rose Dubé
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aline Atallah
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anikka Swaby
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Dankner
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trafford Crump
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre O. Fiset
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M. Forde
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana, Spain
| | - Jonathan D. Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Waser NA, Quintana M, Schweikert B, Chaft JE, Berry L, Adam A, Vo L, Penrod JR, Fiore J, Berry DA, Goring S. Pathological response in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2024; 8:pkae021. [PMID: 38521542 PMCID: PMC11101053 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surrogate endpoints for overall survival in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy are needed to provide earlier treatment outcome indicators and accelerate drug approval. This study's main objectives were to investigate the association among pathological complete response, major pathological response, event-free survival and overall survival and to determine whether treatment effects on pathological complete response and event-free survival correlate with treatment effects on overall survival. METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to identify neoadjuvant studies in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Analysis at the patient level using frequentist and Bayesian random effects (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival or event-free survival by pathological complete response or major pathological response status, yes vs no) and at the trial level using weighted least squares regressions (hazard ratio for overall survival or event-free survival vs pathological complete response, by treatment arm) were performed. RESULTS In both meta-analyses, pathological complete response yielded favorable overall survival compared with no pathological complete response (frequentist, 20 studies and 6530 patients: HR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.42 to 0.57; Bayesian, 19 studies and 5988 patients: HR = 0.48, 95% probability interval = 0.43 to 0.55) and similarly for major pathological response (frequentist, 12 studies and 1193 patients: HR = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 0.44; Bayesian, 11 studies and 1018 patients: HR = 0.33, 95% probability interval = 0.26 to 0.42). Across subgroups, estimates consistently showed better overall survival or event-free survival in pathological complete response or major pathological response compared with no pathological complete response or no major pathological response. Trial-level analyses showed a moderate to strong correlation between event-free survival and overall survival hazard ratios (R2 = 0.7159) but did not show a correlation between treatment effects on pathological complete response and overall survival or event-free survival. CONCLUSION There was a strong and consistent association between pathological response and survival and a moderate to strong correlation between event-free survival and overall survival following neoadjuvant therapy for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamie E Chaft
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Adam
- Insights, Evidence and Value, ICON plc, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Lien Vo
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - John R Penrod
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Fiore
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sarah Goring
- Insights, Evidence and Value, ICON plc, Burlington, ON, Canada
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Yang W, Zhang B, Tan Q, Chen Y, Chen T, Zou G, Sun B, Wang B, Yuan J, She Z. 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridone derivatives with antitumor activity produced by mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. CY-3. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116314. [PMID: 38527379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OSMAC strategy is a useful tool for discovering series of metabolites from microorganism. Five new sambutoxin derivatives (1-2, 4, 8-9), together with seven known compounds (3, 5-7, 10-12), were isolated from Talaromyces sp. CY-3 under OSMAC strategy and guidance of molecular networking. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by NMR, HRESIMS, ECD spectra and common biosynthetic pathway. In bioassay, compounds 1-12 showed cytotoxicity to tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 1.76-49.13 μM. The antitumor molecular mechanism of 10 was also explored. In vitro compound 10 significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1703). Furthermore, colony formation, EdU analysis, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis showed that 10 could induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by promoting the expression of p53 and p21. The molecular mechanism of its antitumor effects in vitro is that 10 arrests the cell cycle by activating the p21/CyclinD1/Rb signaling pathway and the p53 pathway. Our results identified a lead small molecule compound with efficient antitumor growth and proliferation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bingzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Qi Tan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ge Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Zhigang She
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Zhang W, Liang Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen T, Li W, Chen Y, Wu P, Zhang H, Fang C, Li L. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of phase 3 clinical trials. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359302. [PMID: 38646542 PMCID: PMC11026587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective At present, several important trials have been published show that perioperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer, which further optimizes treatment options. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The following databases were searched for relevant studies: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library (updated 12 October 2023). All randomized trials comparing perioperative immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in resectable non-small cell lung cancer were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 (Cochrane collaboration software). Primary outcomes and measures included overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (MPR), R0 resection rate, rate of underwent surgery and adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 2912 patients (1453 receiving perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and 1459 receiving chemotherapy alone) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The result showed that compared with chemotherapy alone, combined therapy significantly improved OS (HR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.56-0.83), EFS (HR = 0.58;95% CI: 0.51-0.65), pCR (OR = 7.53;95% CI: 4.63-12.26), MPR (OR = 5.03;95% CI: 3.40-7.44), R0 resection (OR = 1.58;95% CI: 1.152.18) and rate of underwent surgery (OR = 1.25;95% CI: 1.04-1.49). However, combination therapy was associated with higher risk of severe adverse event (OR = 1.46;95% CI: 1.19-1.78; P=0.0002), grade 3 and higher treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) (OR = 1.25;95% CI: 1.06-1.49; P=0.010), TRAE that led to interruption (OR = 1.90;95% CI: 1.34-2.68; P=0.0003) and immune-related adverse event (OR = 2.78;95% CI: 2.18-3.55; P<0.00001). Significant benefits were observed across most subgroups of EFS and pCR. However, no statistical differences were observed for EFS of never smoked (HR = 0.73;95% CI: 0.51-1.05) and EGFR-mutation positive (HR = 0.35;95% CI: 0.04-3.03). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found superior efficacy associated with perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone in both tumor regression and prolonged survival in resectable NSCLC, but increased the risk of TRAE, so monitoring for adverse events is warranted. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42023476786).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luzhen Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
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Zywiciel JF, Verm RA, Raad W, Baker M, Freeman R, Abdelsattar ZM. En bloc chest wall resection in locally advanced cT3N2 (stage IIIB) lung cancer involving the chest wall: Revisiting guidelines. JTCVS OPEN 2024; 18:221-231. [PMID: 38690419 PMCID: PMC11056476 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend definitive chemoradiation rather than surgery for patients with locally advanced clinical stage T3 and N2 (stage IIIB) lung cancer involving the chest wall. The data supporting this recommendation are controversial. We studied whether surgery confers a survival advantage over definitive chemoradiation in the National Cancer Database. Methods We identified all patients with clinical stage T3 and N2 lung cancer in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2017 who underwent a lobectomy with en bloc chest wall resection and compared them with patients with clinical stage T3 and N2 lung cancer who had definitive chemoradiation. We used propensity score matching to minimize confounding by indication while excluding patients with tumors in the upper lobes to exclude Pancoast tumors. We used 1:1 propensity score matching and Kaplan-Meir survival analyses to estimate associations. Results Of 4467 patients meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria, 210 (4.49%) had an en bloc chest wall resection. Patients undergoing surgical resection were younger (mean age = 60.3 ± 10.3 years vs 67.5 ± 10.4 years; P < .001) and had more adenocarcinoma (59.0% vs 44.5%; P < .001) but were otherwise similar in terms of sex (37.1% female vs 42.0%; P = .167) and race (Whites 84.3% vs 84.0%; P = .276) compared with the definitive chemoradiation group. After resection, there was an unadjusted 30- and 90-day mortality rate of 3.3% and 9.5%, respectively. A substantial survival benefit with surgical resection persisted after propensity score matching (log-rank P < .001). Conclusions In this large observational study, we found that in select patients, en bloc chest wall resection for locally advanced clinical stage T3 and N2 lung cancer was associated with improved survival compared with definitive chemoradiation. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond A. Verm
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
| | - Wissam Raad
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
| | - Marshall Baker
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
- Edward Hines, Jr VA Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Hines, Ill
| | - Richard Freeman
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
| | - Zaid M. Abdelsattar
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill
- Edward Hines, Jr VA Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Hines, Ill
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Ospina AV, Bolufer Nadal S, Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz JL, González Larriba JL, Macía Vidueira I, Massutí Sureda B, Nadal E, Trancho FH, Álvarez Kindelán A, Del Barco Morillo E, Bernabé Caro R, Bosch Barrera J, Calvo de Juan V, Casal Rubio J, de Castro J, Cilleruelo Ramos Á, Cobo Dols M, Dómine Gómez M, Figueroa Almánzar S, Garcia Campelo R, Insa Mollá A, Jarabo Sarceda JR, Jiménez Maestre U, López Castro R, Majem M, Martinez-Marti A, Martínez Téllez E, Sánchez Lorente D, Provencio M. Multidisciplinary approach for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): 2023 expert consensus of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03382-y. [PMID: 38530556 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC have led to changes in the standard of care for this disease. For the selection of the best approach strategy for each patient, it is necessary the homogenization of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the promotion of the evaluation of patients by a multidisciplinary oncology team. OBJECTIVE Development of an expert consensus document with suggestions for the approach and treatment of locally advanced NSCLC leaded by Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP. METHODS Between March and July 2023, a panel of 28 experts was formed. Using a mixed technique (Delphi/nominal group) under the guidance of a coordinating group, consensus was reached in 4 phases: 1. Literature review and definition of discussion topics 2. First round of voting 3. Communicating the results and second round of voting 4. Definition of conclusions in nominal group meeting. Responses were consolidated using medians and interquartile ranges. The threshold for agreement was defined as 85% of the votes. RESULTS New and controversial situations regarding the diagnosis and management of locally advanced NSCLC were analyzed and reconciled based on evidence and clinical experience. Discussion issues included: molecular diagnosis and biomarkers, radiologic and surgical diagnosis, mediastinal staging, role of the multidisciplinary thoracic committee, neoadjuvant treatment indications, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant treatment, postoperative evaluation, and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Consensus clinical suggestions were generated on the most relevant scenarios such as diagnosis, staging and treatment of locally advanced lung cancer, which will serve to support decision-making in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylen Vanessa Ospina
- Head of the Oncology Department at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. Full Professor of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Manuel de Falla, 1 Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariano Provencio
- Head of the Oncology Department at the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. Full Professor of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Manuel de Falla, 1 Majadahonda, 28222, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhang X, Simone N, He J. ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 Pathway Contributes to Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2382. [PMID: 38397056 PMCID: PMC10888698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of acquired resistance to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has hindered their efficacy in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our previous study showed that constitutive activation of the 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) contributes to the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC cell lines and xenograft tumors in nude mice. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying S6K1 constitutive activation in TKI-resistant cancer cells have not yet been explored. In this study, we recapitulated this finding by taking advantage of a gefitinib-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established through a number of passages in mice treated with increasing doses of gefitinib. The dissociated primary cells from the resistant PDX tumors (PDX-R) displayed higher levels of phosphor-S6K1 expression and were resistant to gefitinib compared to cells from passage-matched parental PDX tumors (PDX-P). Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 increased sensitivity to gefitinib in PDX-R cells. In addition, both total and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) levels were upregulated in PDX-R and gefitinib-resistant PC9G cells. Knockdown of MTOR by siRNA decreased the expression levels of total and phosphor-S6K1 and increased sensitivity to gefitinib in PDX-R and PC9G cells. Moreover, a transcription factor ELK1, which has multiple predicted binding sites on the MTOR promoter, was also upregulated in PDX-R and PC9G cells, while the knockdown of ELK1 led to decreased expression of MTOR and S6K1. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay showed the direct binding between ELK1 and the MTOR promoter, and the luciferase reporter assay further indicated that ELK1 could upregulate MTOR expression through tuning up its transcription. Silencing ELK1 via siRNA transfection improved the efficacy of gefitinib in PDX-R and PC9G cells. These results support the notion that activation of ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 signaling contributes to acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC. The findings in this study shed new light on the mechanism for acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and provide potential novel strategies by targeting the ELK1/MTOR/S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Nicole Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.S.)
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Cooper A, Chaft JE, Bott MJ. Induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00160-0. [PMID: 38354767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Cooper
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jamie E Chaft
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J Bott
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
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Sun C, Wang X, Xu Y, Shao G, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Lin X, Ma X, Qiu S, He H, Yang Z, Ma K. Efficiency and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy in potentially resectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer: Neo-Pre-IC, a single-arm phase 2 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 68:102422. [PMID: 38304743 PMCID: PMC10831803 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Some locally advanced (IIIA/IIIB) non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) might have surgical options available. However, information regarding the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for potentially resectable IIIA/IIIB NSCLC is limited. The intent of this investigation was to offer a more favourable alternative to the standard approach of chemoradiotherapy (concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy) followed by immunotherapy for potentially resectable stage III NSCLC. Methods This prospective, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04326153) enrolled treatment-naïve patients with 'potentially resectable' IIIA/IIIB NSCLC who were deemed unsuitable for complete (R0) resection upon initial diagnosis. The study period was between March 20, 2020, and August 20, 2021. Patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (sintilimab combined with nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin) for two to three cycles prior to surgical resection of the lung carcinoma and systematic nodal dissection within 30-45 days. The primary endpoint was the 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, with secondary endpoints encompassing major pathological response (MPR) rate, pathological complete response (pCR) rate, overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), downstaging rate, and adverse events (AEs). Tumour immune cell infiltrates, identified via immunohistochemistry, were assessed as biomarkers at baseline and after surgery. Findings Among 30 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, 20 underwent complete resection. The disease control rate was 96.7% (95% CI: 90.3%-99.99%), with an ORR of 55% (95% CI: 37.2%-72.8%) and a downstaging rate of 80% (95% CI: 65.7%-94.3%). In the subgroup of 20 patients who underwent surgery, the MPR rate was 65% (95% CI: 43.3%-82.9%), and the pCR rate was 40% (95% CI: 21.2%-46.3%). The 2-year DFS rate in the surgical group was 75% (95% CI 56%-94%). Notably, the MPR group demonstrated significantly prolonged DFS compared with the non-MPR group (p = 0.00024). A significant increase in pretreatment CD8 expression correlated with improved DFS (p = 0.00019). Three patients (10%) experienced grade 3 or higher immune-related AEs-one case of grade 3 elevated myocardial enzymes, one case of grade 3 interstitial pneumonia, and one case of grade 5 bronchopleural fistula. Interpretation Neoadjuvant immunotherapy markedly enhanced the rate of pathological response and 2-year DFS in patients with potentially resectable IIIA/IIIB NSCLC. Overexpression of CD8 before treatment (H score≥3) may serve as a potential predictive biomarker for DFS. Consequently, the treatment landscape for potentially resectable IIIA/IIIB NSCLC could undergo changes. Funding This study did not receive any financial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guoguang Shao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Pathological Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Kewei Ma
- Cancer Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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10
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Tsai PC, Liu C, Yeh YC, Hsu PK, Huang CS, Hsieh CC, Hsu HS. Prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival in resected pathologic N2-stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with upfront surgery. J Chin Med Assoc 2024; 87:212-218. [PMID: 38156883 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard treatment for pathological N2 (pN2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is definitive chemoradiation. Surgery might be beneficial for resectable pN2 disease, so we investigated the recurrence-free interval of upfront surgery for selected patients with resectable pN2 disease. METHODS The clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent upfront anatomical resection at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2011 January to 2019 December were retrospectively reviewed. A Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS In total, 84 patients after curative lung anatomic resection were analyzed, with a 44-month median survival. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were 63.1%, 31.3%, and 19.9%, respectively, with a median RFS of 18.9 months. Multivariable cox regression analysis identified that the significant predictor for RFS was a tumor size of more than 3 cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.07-2.83, p = 0.027). Visceral pleural invasion, LN harvest number, tumor stage, and N2 status including single zone (N2a) or multiple zones (N2b) were not prognostic factors in this study. CONCLUSION Upfront surgery for resectable N2 disease achieved favorable outcomes in selected patients, especially better recurrence control with limited tumor size. Therapeutic advances might encourage surgeons to aggressive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Liu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Sheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Takenaka M, Kuroda K, Tanaka F. Adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer without EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements. Int J Clin Oncol 2024:10.1007/s10147-023-02459-y. [PMID: 38281195 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the most effective therapeutic option for the cure in early stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite complete resection, up to 70% of patients die within 5 years mainly due to tumor recurrence in extra-thoracic organs. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy may improve postoperative survival, but the absolute survival benefit is modest with an around 5% improvement at 5 years. Recent advance in systemic therapy has changed treatment strategy for advanced unresectable NSCLC, and also has provided a paradigm shift in treatment strategy for resectable NSCLC. For NSCLC without oncogenic driver alterations, immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors may improve clinical outcomes in preoperative neoadjuvant setting as well as in postoperative adjuvant setting. Here, we overview recent evidence of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy and discuss emerging clinical questions in decision-making of treatment for potentially resectable patients with NSCLC harboring no oncogenic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Takenaka
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka 1-1, Yahata-Nishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 8078555, Japan
| | - Koji Kuroda
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka 1-1, Yahata-Nishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 8078555, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iseigaoka 1-1, Yahata-Nishi-Ku, Kitakyushu, 8078555, Japan.
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12
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Wang H, Liang S, Yu Y, Han Y. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy protocols and cycles for non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1276549. [PMID: 38292925 PMCID: PMC10824986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1276549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the use of different neoadjuvant immunotherapy cycles and regimens for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and methods Databases were searched for articles published up until December 2023. Data on the major pathologic response (MPR), complete pathologic response (pCR), radiological response, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), surgical resection, surgical complications, R0 resection, and conversion to thoracotomy were collected. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the treatment regimens and cycles. Stata/MP software was used for statistical analyses. Results In total, 2430 individuals were assessed from 44 studies. Compared with those following neoadjuvant immunotherapy alone (MPR/pCR/TRAEs/SAEs: ES=0.26/0.07/0.43/0.08, 95% CI: 0.18-0.34/0.04-0.10/0.28-0.58/0.04-0.14), the MPR and pCR rates, incidence of TRAEs and SAEs following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy increased significantly (MPR/pCR/TRAEs/SAEs: ES=0.55/0.34/0.81/0.22, 95% CI: 0.48-0.63/0.28-0.41/0.69-0.90/0.13-0.33, P=0.001/0.002/0.009/0.034). No significant differences were found in the surgical resection, surgical complications, R0 resection, or conversion to thoracotomy. In the chemoimmunotherapy group, no statistically significant differences were found in the MPR and pCR rates, incidence of TRAEs and SAEs in the two-cycle, three-cycle and four-cycle groups (MPR/pCR/TRAEs/SAEs: ES=0.50;0.70;0.36/0.32;0.49;0.18/0.95;0.85;0.95/0.34;0.27;0.37, P=0.255/0.215/0.253/0.848). In the ICIs group, there was little change in the MPR and pCR rates, incidence of TRAEs and SAEs in the two-cycle group compared to the three-cycle group. (MPR/pCR/TRAEs/SAEs: ES=0.28;0.20/0.06;0.08/0.45;0.35/0.10;0.02, P=0.696/0.993/0.436/0.638). The neoadjuvant treatment cycle had no significant effect on surgical resection, surgical complications, R0 resection, or conversion to thoracotomy in both regimens. Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy significantly increased the rate of tumor pathological remission compared to neoadjuvant immunotherapy alone but also increased the incidence of TRAEs and SAEs. The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy are found to be favorable when administered for a duration of three cycles, in comparison to both two and four cycles. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023407415.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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13
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Miao D, Zhao J, Han Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang T, Li W, Xia Y. Management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: State of the art and future directions. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:23-46. [PMID: 37985191 PMCID: PMC10794016 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common and the deadliest type of cancer worldwide. Clinically, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer; approximately one-third of affected patients have locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC, stage III NSCLC) at diagnosis. Because of its heterogeneity, LA-NSCLC often requires multidisciplinary assessment. Moreover, the prognosis of affected patients is much below satisfaction, and the efficacy of traditional therapeutic strategies has reached a plateau. With the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, as well as the continuous development of novel radiotherapies, we have entered an era of novel treatment paradigm for LA-NSCLC. Here, we reviewed the landscape of relevant therapeutic modalities, including adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and perioperative targeted and immune strategies in patients with resectable LA-NSCLC with/without oncogenic alterations; as well as novel combinations of chemoradiation and immunotherapy/targeted therapy in unresectable LA-NSCLC. We addressed the unresolved challenges that remain in the field, and examined future directions to optimize clinical management and increase the cure rate of LA-NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Miao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Department of OncologyShaoxing Second HospitalShaoxingZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Department of ChemoradiotherapyThe Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Key Discipline of Jiaxing Respiratory Medicine Construction ProjectJiaxing Key Laboratory of Precision Treatment for Lung CancerAffiliated Hospital of Jiaxing UniversityJiaxingZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of PathologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation OncologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
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14
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Tankel J, Spicer J, Chu Q, Fiset PO, Kidane B, Leighl NB, Joubert P, Maziak D, Palma D, McGuire A, Melosky B, Snow S, Bahig H, Blais N. Canadian Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Operable Stage II/III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of a Modified Delphi Process. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:10363-10384. [PMID: 38132389 PMCID: PMC10742991 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment paradigm for patients with stage II/III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving. We performed a modified Delphi process culminating at the Early-stage Lung cancer International eXpert Retreat (ELIXR23) meeting held in Montreal, Canada, in June 2023. Participants included medical and radiation oncologists, thoracic surgeons and pathologists from across Quebec. Statements relating to diagnosis and treatment paradigms in the preoperative, operative and postoperative time periods were generated and modified until all held a high level of consensus. These statements are aimed to help guide clinicians involved in the treatment of patients with stage II/III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Tankel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Quincy Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Pierre Olivier Fiset
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Manitoba & Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université, Laval, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Donna Maziak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - David Palma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Services Center, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Anna McGuire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Barbara Melosky
- Department of Medical Oncology, BCCA, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Snow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada
| | - Houda Bahig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Normand Blais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
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15
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de Barros MLGP, Silva VG, Moreira FR, Perez SV, Younes RN, Abrão FC. Five-year survival of resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer in Brazil. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:1195-1204. [PMID: 37448240 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery plays a role in terms of multimodal treatment. Surgery rates have increased in recent years, mainly due to the combination of more accurate imaging tools, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, robotic bronchoscopy, robotic surgery, and a wide range of challenging clinical scenarios to lead surgeons and oncologists to include surgery as an option in therapeutic management. OBJECTIVES To assess the prognostic factors, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with resectable stage III-NSCLC. METHODS Patients' information was extracted from 76 Hospitals' Cancer Registry. OS and CSS were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to assess differences between curves. In addition, Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the patients' characteristics leading to better OS and CSS. RESULTS Overall, 433 stage III NSCLC surgical patients followed over 19 years were included. The median age was 61.29 ± 9.62 years, 58.4% male, 50.1% with adenocarcinoma, 29.3% with squamous cell carcinoma, 3.7% with large-cell lung carcinoma, and 16,9% with other lung cancer types. The 5-year OS was 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.4-36.1), and the CSS was 35.0% (95% CI: 29.4-41.0). In the Cox multivariate regression, squamous cell carcinoma was associated with reduced OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83; p=0.014) and CSS (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.17-2.08; p = 0.002), in comparison with adenocarcinoma. The 2015-2019 quinquennial had a 50% reduction in HR (0.49; 95% CI: 0.29-0.81; p = 0.006), and the 2010-2014 group had a 40% reduction (0.59; 95% CI: 0.42-0.83; p = 0.006) in comparison with the 2000-2004 patients' group. CONCLUSION The OS and CSS of patients with resectable stage III NSCLC have improved over the past 19 years in our region. Squamous cell carcinoma was associated with increased mortality risk from any cause or specific cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Conrado Abrão
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Marcelina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Fu F, Sun W, Bai J, Deng C, Zheng D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen H. Long-Term Outcomes of Selected Patients with IIIA-N2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Upfront Surgical Resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:8261-8270. [PMID: 37644250 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a diverse group that requires multimodality treatment. The aim of this study was to report the long-term outcomes for patients with IIIA-N2 disease. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of cases with IIIA-N2 (T1-2N2) NSCLC who underwent upfront surgery. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the impact of various variables on survival. RESULTS A total of 475 patients were ultimately included. With a median follow-up time of 108 months, the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 42.2% and 27.7%, respectively. R0 resection was found to be associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and OS compared with R1/R2 resection (p = 0.041 for PFS; p = 0.015 for OS). Patients with single-station N2 disease demonstrated significantly better PFS and OS than those with multiple-station N2 disease (p < 0.001 for PFS; p = 0.002 for OS). Following surgical resection, adjuvant therapy was significantly correlated with prolonged PFS and OS compared with those patients without any treatment. However, there was no significant difference in PFS and OS between chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy (p = 0.915 for PFS; p = 0.287 for OS). Patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion had significantly improved OS compared with those with L858R (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows promising long-term outcomes for selected patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC treated with upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy, especially those with R0 resection and single-station N2. This study sheds light on the potential management and treatment options for this challenging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiu Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqiang Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Difang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Batra U, Prabhash K, Agarwal JP, Darlong L, Munshi A, Penumadu P, Thangakunam B, Bansal A. Clinical management of stage III non-small cell lung cancer in India: An expert consensus statement. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:606-617. [PMID: 36815621 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered the most common type of lung cancer (>80% of all lung cancers); patients are often diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. The management of NSCLC is considered challenging owing to variations in size, an extension of the tumors, involvement patterns, and classification. Although adequate literature and guidelines are available on the management of NSCLC in several countries, an Indian perspective on stage III NSCLC management is lacking. We used the modified Delphi approach to form consensus statements. A thorough literature search was done. The authors then convened and deliberated over published literature, available guidelines, and clinical judgment. Recommendation statements were formed for different clinical scenarios. These statements were sent as a form of survey to other oncologists, and their responses were recorded and mentioned. Evidence-based statements were formed for diagnosing and managing stage III NSCLC. These recommendation statements cover various aspects-surgical, radiation, and medical treatment in various clinical scenarios including adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and consolidation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullas Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, TATA Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jai Prakash Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TATA Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laleng Darlong
- Department of Oncosurgery, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anusheel Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Manipal Hospitals, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Abhishek Bansal
- Department of Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Huai Q, Luo C, Song P, Bie F, Bai G, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhou B, Sun X, Guo W, Gao S. Peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers dynamics reflect treatment response and predict prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4484-4498. [PMID: 37731264 PMCID: PMC10728017 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has significantly changed the therapeutic approach for treating patients with surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, peripheral blood inflammation-based biomarkers as well as previously less focused eosinophil fraction, modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were systematically included to comprehensively analyze their potential in predicting neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. We enrolled 189 patients (94 in training and 95 in validation cohorts) with stage I-III B surgically resectable NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy from the National Cancer Center of China. Baseline and post-treatment eosinophils fraction, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), PNI, mGPS, and their changes were calculated and analyzed for correlation with neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. In patients in the major pathological response (MPR) group, the post-treatment eosinophil fraction was significantly high, and NLR, PLR, SII, and MLR were significantly lower compared to the non-MPR group in both the training and validation cohorts. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that post-treatment, eosinophil fraction and SII and their changing were two of the most important factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that post-treatment eosinophil fraction, SII, mGPS, and ΔSII could independently predict MPR in patients treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Survival analysis showed a significant correlation between high post-treatment NLR, PLR, SII, mGPS, and their changes in ΔNLR and ΔSII elevation with poor overall survival and event-free survival of patients. Our results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers could predict the patient's response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Huai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chenyu Luo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fenglong Bie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guangyu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Bolun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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19
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Fu F, Zhang Y, Chen H. ASO Author Reflections: Upfront Surgery Followed by Adjuvant Therapy: An Option for IIIA-N2 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:8284. [PMID: 37755561 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiu Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Guo J, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wu J, Xu L, E H, Li C, Wu H, Zhao D, Hu Y, Zhang J, Hu X. The additional radiotherapy to adjuvant chemotherapy improves the prognosis of stage III-N2 with highest mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13311-13321. [PMID: 37488397 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for heterogeneous pathological N2 (pN2) diseases remain unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate suitable pN2 patients for adjuvant CRT. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with pN2 NSCLC in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. Included cases were subdivided as highest mediastinal lymph node (HM) (n = 732) metastasis and non-HM metastasis (n = 677) groups according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were used to evaluate the prognostic benefits of adjuvant CRT in heterogeneous pN2 subgroups. RESULTS A total of 1409 patients were enrolled in this study, with a median follow-up time of 63.8 months. Patients with HM involvement had worse prognoses (p < 0.001 for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS)). Furthermore, the survival improvement of adjuvant CRT was significant for these patients (p < 0.001 for RFS and p = 0.032 for OS), regardless of whether it was single (p < 0.001 for RFS and p = 0.029 for OS) or multiple pN2 (p < 0.001 for RFS and p = 0.026 for OS) diseases. According to multivariable cox analysis, the long-term RFS and OS in the cancerous HM group were independently predicted by pathological N stage (p = 0.002 for RFS and p < 0.001 for OS) and adjuvant CRT (p < 0.001 for RFS and p = 0.011 for OS). CONCLUSION Metastatic HM was associated with a worse prognosis in pN2 disease. Our analysis supported that adjuvant CRT significantly improved both RFS and OS for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran E
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Department of Respiratory, The First People's Hospital of Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hu T, Shen J, Shao M, Feng X, Lu D, Ding E. Prognostic value of pretreatment FDG PET-CT for short-term efficacy of radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation in patients with NSCLC. Brachytherapy 2023; 22:882-888. [PMID: 37758577 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the short-term clinical response of radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation (I125-SI) in patients of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore possible correlations of various metabolic parameters of pretreatment FDG PET-CT with the short-term efficacy of this treatment modality. METHODS AND MATERIALS The present study is a retrospective analysis of treatment records of 46 NSCLC patients who were treated with I125-SI for lung tumors in Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. The correlation among parameters D90, gender, pathological pattern, age, maximum tumor diameter, Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV), SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean, Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG), High metabolic tumor cell ratio (HMR) and Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)with short-term efficacy of I125-SI was analyzed by two independent-sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS After uneventful completion of treatment, patients were followed up at regular intervals. At the first month followup, none of cases showed complete response (CR), while 4 cases showed partial response (PR). After 3 months, there were 2 cases of CR, and 25 cases of PR; after 6 months, there were 5 cases of CR, and 27 cases of PR. D90 (p= 0.028, OR:1.075, 95% CI:1.008-1.147), MTV (p= 0.026, OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.851-0.990), HMR (p= 0.020, OR: 0.003, 95% CI: 0-0.407) were independent predictors for the short-term efficacy. The predictive accuracy of MTV was medium (AUC = 0.781; cutoff value = 44.58). However, the predictive accuracies of D90 and HMR were low, with the values of AUC being 0.650 for both the parameters, and their cutoff values being 127.8 Gy and 0.27 respectively. CONCLUSIONS I125-SI is an effective therapy with few complications in NSCLC patients. Small MTV, high D90 and low HRM were found to be linked with better local control at 6 months postimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Hu
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Menglin Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyan Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Enci Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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Li Y, Juergens RA, Finley C, Swaminath A. Current and Future Treatment Options in the Management of Stage III NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1478-1491. [PMID: 37574133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
For much of the past two decades, the treatment options for patients with stage III NSCLC were mostly stagnant. In the past 5 years, ongoing innovations have dovetailed alongside advances in biomarker testing, novel therapeutics, precision surgery, and radiotherapy, all of which are leading to an increase in more personalized option for the treatment. This review article will focus on several completed and ongoing initiatives involving treatment of patients with stage III NSCLC. First, it will tackle the progress made in curative treatment of unresectable stage III NSCLC, starting with PACIFIC, and branching out into topics such as concurrent immunotherapy and chemoradiation, intensification of consolidative immunotherapy, dual immunotherapy consolidation, and a reflection on those subpopulations that may not benefit from consolidative immunotherapy. Second, there will be discussion of novel strategies in the setting of resectable stage III disease, most notably neoadjuvant therapy using combined chemoimmunotherapy and immunotherapy alone before surgical resection. Third, it will delve into recent data evaluating adjuvant immunotherapy for resectable stage III NSCLC, including adjuvant targeted therapy (for those harboring driver mutations) and postoperative radiotherapy. Finally, a look to future trials/initiatives will be interspersed throughout the review, to reveal the ongoing efforts being made to continue to improve outcomes in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosalyn Anne Juergens
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Finley
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anand Swaminath
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Sathiyapalan A, Baloush Z, Ellis PM. Update on the Management of Stage III NSCLC: Navigating a Complex and Heterogeneous Stage of Disease. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9514-9529. [PMID: 37999109 PMCID: PMC10670056 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a heterogeneous group of patients. Many patients are treated with curative intent multimodality therapy, either surgical resection plus systemic therapy or chemoradiation plus immunotherapy. However, many patients are not suitable for curative intent therapy and are treated with palliative systemic therapy or best supportive care. METHODS This paper is a review of recent advances in the management of patients with curative intent disease. RESULTS There have been significant advances in curative intent therapy for patients with stage III NSCLC in recent years. These include both adjuvant and neoadjuvant systemic therapies. For patients with resectable NSCLC, two trials have demonstrated that adjuvant atezolizumab or pembrolizumab, following chemotherapy, significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS). In patients with tumours harbouring a common mutation of the EGFR gene, adjuvant osimertinib therapy was associated with a large improvement in both DFS and overall survival (OS). Five randomized trials have evaluated chemotherapy plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, or toripalimab, either as neoadjuvant or perioperative (neoadjuvant plus adjuvant) therapy. All five trials show significant improvements in the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS). OS data are currently immature. This would now be considered the standard of care for resectable stage III NSCLC. The addition of durvalumab to chemoradiation has also become the standard of care in unresectable stage III NSCLC. One year of consolidation durvalumab following concurrent chemoradiation has demonstrated significant improvements in both progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become a standard recommendation in curative intent therapy for stage III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arani Sathiyapalan
- Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ziad Baloush
- Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Peter M. Ellis
- Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada; (A.S.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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24
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Schütte W, Gütz S, Nehls W, Blum TG, Brückl W, Buttmann-Schweiger N, Büttner R, Christopoulos P, Delis S, Deppermann KM, Dickgreber N, Eberhardt W, Eggeling S, Fleckenstein J, Flentje M, Frost N, Griesinger F, Grohé C, Gröschel A, Guckenberger M, Hecker E, Hoffmann H, Huber RM, Junker K, Kauczor HU, Kollmeier J, Kraywinkel K, Krüger M, Kugler C, Möller M, Nestle U, Passlick B, Pfannschmidt J, Reck M, Reinmuth N, Rübe C, Scheubel R, Schumann C, Sebastian M, Serke M, Stoelben E, Stuschke M, Thomas M, Tufman A, Vordermark D, Waller C, Wolf J, Wolf M, Wormanns D. [Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Follow-up of Lung Cancer - Interdisciplinary Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Cancer Society - Abridged Version]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:671-813. [PMID: 37884003 DOI: 10.1055/a-2029-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The current S3 Lung Cancer Guidelines are edited with fundamental changes to the previous edition based on the dynamic influx of information to this field:The recommendations include de novo a mandatory case presentation for all patients with lung cancer in a multidisciplinary tumor board before initiation of treatment, furthermore CT-Screening for asymptomatic patients at risk (after federal approval), recommendations for incidental lung nodule management , molecular testing of all NSCLC independent of subtypes, EGFR-mutations in resectable early stage lung cancer in relapsed or recurrent disease, adjuvant TKI-therapy in the presence of common EGFR-mutations, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, obligatory evaluation of PD-L1-status, consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition after radiochemotherapy in patients with PD-L1-pos. tumor, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition in patients withPD-L1 ≥ 50% stage IIIA and treatment options in PD-L1 ≥ 50% tumors independent of PD-L1status and targeted therapy and treatment option immune chemotherapy in first line SCLC patients.Based on the current dynamic status of information in this field and the turnaround time required to implement new options, a transformation to a "living guideline" was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schütte
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Krankenhaus Martha Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle (Saale)
| | - Sylvia Gütz
- St. Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Leipzig, Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, Leipzig
| | - Wiebke Nehls
- Klinik für Palliativmedizin und Geriatrie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring
| | - Torsten Gerriet Blum
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | - Wolfgang Brückl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 3, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord
| | | | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Uniklinik Köln, Berlin
| | | | - Sandra Delis
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Nikolas Dickgreber
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thoraxonkologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Klinikum Rheine
| | | | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin
| | - Jochen Fleckenstein
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - Michael Flentje
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie/Pneumologie, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Frank Griesinger
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg
| | | | - Andreas Gröschel
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Clemenshospital, Münster
| | | | | | - Hans Hoffmann
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Sektion für Thoraxchirurgie, München
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum Munchen
| | - Klaus Junker
- Klinikum Oststadt Bremen, Institut für Pathologie, Bremen
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg, Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Heidelberg
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Marcus Krüger
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle-Dölau
| | | | - Miriam Möller
- Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Halle-Dölau
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Kliniken Maria Hilf, Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Mönchengladbach
| | | | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - Martin Reck
- Lungeclinic Grosshansdorf, Pneumologisch-onkologische Abteilung, Grosshansdorf
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thorakale Onkologie, Asklepios Lungenklinik Gauting, Gauting
| | - Christian Rübe
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Homburg
| | | | | | - Martin Sebastian
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt
| | - Monika Serke
- Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer
| | | | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Michael Thomas
- Thoraxklinik am Univ.-Klinikum Heidelberg, Thorakale Onkologie, Heidelberg
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum München
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
| | - Cornelius Waller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- Klinikum Kassel, Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie, Kassel
| | - Dag Wormanns
- Evangelische Lungenklinik, Radiologisches Institut, Berlin
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Yin C, Hu B, Yang X, Kou L, Tian B, Wang C, Li S, Liu B, Ge J. Neoadjuvant sintilimab combined with chemotherapy in resectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: case series and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:304. [PMID: 37749594 PMCID: PMC10521519 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, neoadjuvant immunotherapy with chemotherapy has shown increasing promise for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, to establish its clinical efficacy and safety, it is imperative to amass more real-world clinical data. This retrospective study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of combing sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment modality in patients diagnosed with potentially resectable NSCLC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with stage II-III NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in Sichuan Cancer Hospital between February 2021 and February 2023. Sintilimab injection (intravenously,200 mg, iv, d1, q3w) and platinum-based chemotherapy were administered intravenously every 3 weeks, with radical lung cancer resection planned approximately 4-11 weeks after the last dose. The primary endpoint of the study was pathologic complete response (pCR). The secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), and safety. RESULT Thirteen patients were enrolled, they were mostly diagnosed with stage III NSCLC (IIB 15.4% IIIA 38.5%; IIIB 46.2%). Most of them had pathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (69.2%). All patients received sintilimab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy for 2 to 4 cycles. Notably, none of the patients necessitated a reduction in initial dosages or treatment postponement due to intolerable adverse events. Then, all of them underwent surgical operation. Impressively, nine patients (69.2%) achieved a pathologic complete response. The objective response rate (ORR) stood at 46.15%. Nine patients experienced neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), with only one patient (7.6%) encountering a grade 4 neoadjuvant TRAE. CONCLUSION Therefore, the current study suggested that neoadjuvant sintilimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy can be a safe approach in increasing the efficiency of treatment and hopefully improving the prognosis of patients with potentially resectable locally advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunli Yin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lingna Kou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Siru Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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26
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Kidane B, Bott M, Spicer J, Backhus L, Chaft J, Chudgar N, Colson Y, D'Amico TA, David E, Lee J, Najmeh S, Sepesi B, Shu C, Yang J, Swanson S, Stiles B. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) 2023 Expert Consensus Document: Staging and multidisciplinary management of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:637-654. [PMID: 37306641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs have recently been approved for use in patients with surgically resectable lung cancer. Accurate staging, early molecular testing, and knowledge of recent trials are critical to optimize oncologic outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Bott
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Jamie Chaft
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
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27
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Conroy MR, Dennehy C, Forde PM. Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 183:107314. [PMID: 37541935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Only a minority of lung cancers are resectable at diagnosis, and many of these will eventually relapse. Adjuvant chemotherapy in this setting has a modest survival advantage, and there is significant need for new approaches to improve cure rates. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has transformed the prognosis for advanced lung cancer, and is increasingly being used in the neoadjuvant setting alone, or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. While this has demonstrated convincing improvements in event-free survival and pathologic response, questions remain over optimal duration of therapy, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, response assessment and combination with other modalities. In addition, these results must be considered in the context of recent positive studies of adjuvant immunotherapy. Here, we summarise preclinical context and clinical trials in this space, discuss areas of controversy and pitfalls, and consider future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Conroy
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colum Dennehy
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patrick M Forde
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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28
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Provencio M, Nadal E, González-Larriba JL, Martínez-Martí A, Bernabé R, Bosch-Barrera J, Casal-Rubio J, Calvo V, Insa A, Ponce S, Reguart N, de Castro J, Mosquera J, Cobo M, Aguilar A, López Vivanco G, Camps C, López-Castro R, Morán T, Barneto I, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Serna-Blasco R, Benítez R, Aguado de la Rosa C, Palmero R, Hernando-Trancho F, Martín-López J, Cruz-Bermúdez A, Massuti B, Romero A. Perioperative Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:504-513. [PMID: 37379158 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2215530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 20% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receive a diagnosis of stage III disease. There is no current consensus regarding the most appropriate treatment for these patients. METHODS In this open-label, phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned patients with resectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC to receive neoadjuvant nivolumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (experimental group) or chemotherapy alone (control group), followed by surgery. Patients in the experimental group who had R0 resections received adjuvant treatment with nivolumab for 6 months. The primary end point was a pathological complete response (0% viable tumor in resected lung and lymph nodes). Secondary end points included progression-free survival and overall survival at 24 months and safety. RESULTS A total of 86 patients underwent randomization; 57 were assigned to the experimental group and 29 were assigned to the control group. A pathological complete response occurred in 37% of the patients in the experimental group and in 7% in the control group (relative risk, 5.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 21.23; P = 0.02). Surgery was performed in 93% of the patients in the experimental group and in 69% in the control group (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.74). Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival at 24 months were 67.2% in the experimental group and 40.9% in the control group (hazard ratio for disease progression, disease recurrence, or death, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.88). Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival at 24 months were 85.0% in the experimental group and 63.6% in the control group (hazard ratio for death, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.98). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 11 patients in the experimental group (19%; some patients had events of both grades) and 3 patients in the control group (10%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with resectable stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC, perioperative treatment with nivolumab plus chemotherapy resulted in a higher percentage of patients with a pathological complete response and longer survival than chemotherapy alone. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb and others; NADIM II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03838159; EudraCT number, 2018-004515-45.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Provencio
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - José L González-Larriba
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Alex Martínez-Martí
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquín Casal-Rubio
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Javier de Castro
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Manuel Cobo
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilar
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Guillermo López Vivanco
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Rafael López-Castro
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Isidoro Barneto
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Roberto Serna-Blasco
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Raquel Benítez
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Carlos Aguado de la Rosa
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Ramón Palmero
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Florentino Hernando-Trancho
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Javier Martín-López
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda (M.P., V.C., R.S.-B., J.M.-L., A.C.-B., A.R.), Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos (J.L.G.-L., C.A.R., F.H.-T.), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (S.P.), Hospital Universitario La Paz (J.C.), and the Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (R. Benítez), Madrid, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (E.N., R.P.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón (A.M.-M.), the Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinic and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques (N.R.), and Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Dexeus University Hospital (A.A.), Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville (R. Bernabé), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona (J.B.-B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra (J.C.-R.), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (A.I.), and Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universidad de Valencia and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (C.C.), Valencia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña (J.M.), the Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga (M.C.), Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo (G.L.V.), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (R.L.-C.), the Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona-Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology, Fundació Institut de Investigado de Ciences de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Can Ruti, Badalona (T.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba (I.B.), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (D.R.-A.), and Hospital Universitario Dr. Balmis Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante (B.M.) - all in Spain
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Hui B, Wang X, Wang X, Qiao B, Duan J, Shang R, Yang W, Wang J, Chen K, Yang F, Jiang T, Lei J. Organ preservation strategies after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2286-2292. [PMID: 37161431 PMCID: PMC10442100 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has shown a good therapeutic effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which also opens up the possibility of applying organ preservation strategies. This study investigated the feasibility of modified surgery after potent neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in central type NSCLC. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, patients with central type NSCLC who received 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy between January 2019 and June 2022 at Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital and Peking University People's Hospital were eligible. Patients were divided into modified and nonmodified groups according to the extent of surgery, after which, the safety and long-term prognosis of surgery were investigated. RESULTS A total of 84 patients were enrolled. Of 36 (42.9%) patients who underwent modified surgery, 21 patients underwent lobectomy, 12 patients underwent lobectomy with bronchoplasty, 2 patients underwent sleeve lobectomy, and 1 patient underwent bilobectomy. The modification rate for the initially estimated pneumonectomy, sleeve lobectomy, and bilobectomy was 48.6, 44.8, and 30%, respectively. Grades II-V postoperative complications were found in 5 (13.9%) patients in the modified group and 17 (35.4%) patients in the nonmodified group (relative risk, 0.393; 95% CI, 0.016-0.963; P =0.026). No significant difference was observed regarding the surgical approach, operative duration, blood loss, or R0 resection rate. The 2-year local recurrence rate was 3.7% (95% CI, 0.004-0.175) and 5.2% (95% CI, 0.012-0.168) in the modified group and nonmodified group, respectively. The 1-year PFS rate of modified and nonmodified groups was 97.1% (95% CI, 83.7-99.8) and 86.9% (95% CI, 73.4-94.4), respectively, while 2-year PFS were 89.8% (95% CI, 74.1-96.9) and 71.8% (95% CI, 56.7-83.4), respectively. CONCLUSION Applying organ preservation strategies, that is, undergoing modified surgery after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, is feasible for selected central type NSCLC patients with favorable safety and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengang Hui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jiangnan Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Rongxin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Weibo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Air Force Medical University Tangdu Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi
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30
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König D, Savic Prince S, Hayoz S, Zens P, Berezowska S, Jochum W, Stauffer E, Braunersreuther V, Trachsel B, Thierstein S, Mark M, Schmid S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Addeo A, Opitz I, Guckenberger M, Früh M, Betticher DC, Ris HB, Stupp R, Rothschild SI, Bubendorf L, Pless M. Neoadjuvant treatment does not influence PD-L1 expression in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of tumor samples from the trials SAKK 16/96, 16/00, 16/01, and 16/14. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101595. [PMID: 37441877 PMCID: PMC10515281 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inclusion of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of operable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer is becoming a new standard. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression on tumor cells has emerged as the most important biomarker for sensitivity to ICIs targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-PD-L1 axis. Little is known about the impact of neoadjuvant treatment on PD-L1 expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (Ventana SP263 assay) on tumor cells in treatment-naive diagnostic tumor samples and matched lung resections from patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer included in the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) trials 16/96, 16/00, 16/01, and 16/14. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with cisplatin/docetaxel, either as single modality (CT), with sequential radiotherapy [chemoradiation therapy (CRT)] or with the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab (CT + ICI). RESULTS Overall, 132 paired tumor samples were analyzed from patients with neoadjuvant CT (n = 69), CRT (n = 33) and CT + ICI (n = 30). For CT and CRT, PD-L1 expression before and after neoadjuvant treatment did not differ significantly (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.94). Likewise, no statistically significant difference was observed between CT and CRT for PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant treatment (P = 0.97). For CT + ICI, PD-L1 expression before and after neoadjuvant treatment also did not differ significantly (Wilcoxon test, P > 0.99). Event-free survival and overall survival for patients with downregulation or upregulation of PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant treatment were similar. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of patients neoadjuvant treatment did not influence PD-L1 expression, irrespective of the specific neoadjuvant treatment protocol. Dynamic change of PD-L1 expression did not correlate with event-free survival or overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D König
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel.
| | - S Savic Prince
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - S Hayoz
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern
| | - P Zens
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern; Graduate School for Health Science, University of Bern, Bern
| | - S Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - W Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen
| | | | | | - B Trachsel
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern
| | | | - M Mark
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Graubünden, Chur
| | - S Schmid
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bern (Inselspital), Bern
| | | | - A Addeo
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University Hospital Geneva (HUG), Geneva
| | - I Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich
| | - M Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich
| | - M Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen; University of Bern, Bern
| | - D C Betticher
- Clinics of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg (HFR), Fribourg
| | - H-B Ris
- Clinics for Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - R Stupp
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - S I Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden
| | - L Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel
| | - M Pless
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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31
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Rodriguez-Quintero JH, Kamel MK, Dawodu G, Elbahrawy M, Vimolratana M, Chudgar NP, Stiles BM. Underutilization of Systemic Therapy in Patients With NSCLC Undergoing Pneumonectomy: A Missed Opportunity for Survival. JTO Clin Res Rep 2023; 4:100547. [PMID: 37644968 PMCID: PMC10460993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent trials have reported promising results with the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced NSCLC, but in practice, the proportion of patients who receive systemic therapy (ST) has historically been low. Underutilization of ST may be particularly apparent in patients undergoing pneumonectomy, in whom the physiologic insult and surgical complications may preclude adjuvant therapy (ADJ). We, therefore, evaluated the use of ST for patients with NSCLC undergoing pneumonectomy. Methods We queried the National Cancer Database, including all patients with NSCLC who underwent pneumonectomy between 2006 and 2018. Logistic regression was used to identify associations with ST and neo-ADJ (NEO). Overall survival was compared after propensity score matching (1:1) patients undergoing ST to those undergoing surgery alone using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Results A total of 2619 patients were identified. Among these, 12% received NEO, 43% received ADJ, and 45% surgery alone. Age younger than 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval; [CI]: 1.10-2.11), Asian ethnicity (aOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.37-5.23), treatment at a high-volume center (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.81), and private insurance (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05-1.94) were associated with NEO, whereas age younger than 65 years (aOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.61-2.38), comorbidity index less than or equal to 1 (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.29-2.16), and private insurance (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.20-1.80) were associated with any ST. In the matched cohort, ST was associated with better survival than surgery (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78). Conclusions A high proportion of patients who undergo pneumonectomy do not receive ST. Patient and socioeconomic factors are associated with the receipt of ST. Given its survival benefit, emphasis should be placed on multimodal treatment strategies, perhaps with greater consideration given to neoadjuvant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed K. Kamel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Gbalekan Dawodu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mostafa Elbahrawy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Marc Vimolratana
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Neel P. Chudgar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Sedighim S, Frank MI, Heutlinger O, Lee C, Hachey SJ, Keshava HB. A Systematic Review of Short-Term Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3908. [PMID: 37568725 PMCID: PMC10417737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgeries for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATSs) and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (RATSs) have become standard of care for patients needing surgical resection in early stages. The role for neoadjuvant systemic therapy has increased with patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, there has been some equipoise over the intraoperative and overall outcomes for these patients. Here, we review the current data regarding outcomes of patients undergoing minimally invasive thoracic surgical resection after systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or both. METHODS A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies presenting data on patients with NSCLC that underwent neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed by minimally invasive surgery was performed assessing complications, conversion rates, and lymph node yield. RESULTS Our search strategy and review of references resulted in 239 publications to screen with 88 full texts assessed and 21 studies included in our final review. VATS had a statistically significant higher lymph node yield in five studies. The reported conversion rates ranged from 0 to 54%. Dense adhesions, bleeding, and difficult anatomy were the most common reported reasons for conversion to open surgeries. The most common complications between both groups were prolonged air leak, arrythmia, and pneumonia. VATS was found to have significantly fewer complications in three papers. CONCLUSIONS The current literature supports VATS as safe and feasible for patients with NSCLC after neoadjuvant systemic treatment. Surgeons should remain prepared to convert to open surgeries in those patients with dense adhesions and bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Sedighim
- Department of General Surgery, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite, 6200, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Madelyn I. Frank
- Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA (O.H.)
| | - Olivia Heutlinger
- Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA (O.H.)
| | - Carlin Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite, 6200, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Hachey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Irvine School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Hari B. Keshava
- Department of General Surgery, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, 3800 Chapman Ave, Suite, 6200, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Cheng Y, Huang J, Lin C, Wang B. The prognosis of clinical stage IIIa non-small cell lung cancer in Taiwan. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17087-17097. [PMID: 37493008 PMCID: PMC10501296 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. The treatment of stage IIIa remained the most controversial of all stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We reported on the heterogenicity and current treatment strategies of stage IIIa NSCLC in Taiwan. This study is a retrospective analysis using data from the Taiwan Society of Cancer Registry between January 2010 and December 2018. 4232 patients with stage IIIa NSCLC were included. Based on cell type, the best 5-year OS (40.40%) occurred among adenocarcinoma victims. The heterogenicity of T1N2 had the best 5-year OS (47.62%), followed by T4N0 (39.82%), and the others. Patients who underwent operations had better 5-year OS (over 50%) than those who did not (less than 30%). Segmentectomy (75.28%) and lobectomy (54.06%) showed better 5-year OS than other surgical methods (less than 50%). In multivariable analysis, young age, female, lower Charlson Comorbidity Index score, adenocarcinoma cell type, well differentiated, T1N2/T4N0 heterogenicity, treatment with operation, and segmentectomy/lobectomy/bilobectomy were significant factors. In conclusions, the heterogenicity of T1N2 had the best outcomes followed by T4N0. Patients received surgical treatment revealed much better outcomes than those did not. As always, multimodal therapies with individualized treatment tend to provide better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Fu Cheng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of SurgeryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
| | - Jing‐Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Health Data ScienceChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ching‐Hsiung Lin
- Department of Recreation and Holistic WellnessMingDao UniversityChanghuaTaiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest MedicineChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
- Institute of Genomics and BioinformaticsNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Bing‐Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of SurgeryChanghua Christian HospitalChanghuaTaiwan
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate MedicineCollege of Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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Choi J, Tocco B, Smith A, Ahmad S, Josephides E, Bille A. Multimodality Treatment and Salvage Surgery for the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3586. [PMID: 37509246 PMCID: PMC10377332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United Kingdom. For locally advanced disease, multimodality treatment is recommended, which includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and, more recently immunotherapy. Options depend on the resectability of the cancer and there has been debate about the optimal treatment strategy: surgery may be planned to follow chemoradiotherapy (CRT), be offered for residual disease after CRT, or given as salvage therapy for patients treated with CRT who have later relapse of their disease. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent CRT and surgical resection under a single surgical team and performed a descriptive study after dividing the patients into these three groups. For the planned trimodality group, 30-day mortality this was 7% (n = 1) and 1-year survival was 78.6%; the residual disease group had a 30-day mortality rate of 0% and 1-year survival of 81.3%; for the salvage group, the figures were 0% and 62.5%, respectively. The median overall survival of the study population was 35.8 months. Median overall survival in the trimodality group was 35.4 months (20.1-51.7 interquartile range IQR), for the residual group was 34.2 months (18.5-61.0 IQR). and for the salvage group was 35.8 months (32.4-52.7 IQR).).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesoo Choi
- Thoracic Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Boris Tocco
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Shahreen Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Eleni Josephides
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Bille
- Thoracic Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Simone CB, Bradley J, Chen AB, Daly ME, Louie AV, Robinson CG, Videtic GMM, Rodrigues G. ASTRO Radiation Therapy Summary of the ASCO Guideline on Management of Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2023; 13:195-202. [PMID: 37080641 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a radiation therapy summary of recommendations on the management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the Management of Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline, which was endorsed by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). METHODS The American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASTRO, and the American College of Chest Physicians convened a multidisciplinary panel to develop a guideline based on a systematic review of the literature and a formal consensus process, that has been separately published. A new panel consisting of radiation oncologists from the original guideline as well as additional ASTRO members was formed to provide further guidance to the radiation oncology community. A total of 127 articles met the eligibility criteria to answer 5 clinical questions. This summary focuses on the 3 radiation therapy questions (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and unresectable settings). RESULTS Radiation-specific recommendations are summarized with additional relevant commentary on specific questions regarding the management of preoperative radiation, postoperative radiation, and combined chemoradiation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with stage III NSCLC who are planned for surgical resection, should receive either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation. The addition of neoadjuvant treatment is particularly important in patients planned for surgery in the N2 or superior sulcus settings. Postoperatively, patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be offered adjuvant chemotherapy. The use of postoperative radiation for completely resected N2 disease is not routinely recommended. Unresectable patients with stage III NSCLC should ideally be managed with combined concurrent chemoradiation using a platinum-based doublet with a standard radiation dose of 60 Gy followed by consolidation durvalumab in patients without progression after initial therapy. Patients who cannot tolerate a concurrent chemoradiation approach can be managed either by sequential chemotherapy followed by radiation or by dose-escalated or hypofractionated radiation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Proton Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Bradley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aileen B Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Megan E Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Alexander V Louie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gregory M M Videtic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George Rodrigues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Cancer, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Petrella F, Rizzo S, Attili I, Passaro A, Zilli T, Martucci F, Bonomo L, Del Grande F, Casiraghi M, De Marinis F, Spaggiari L. Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Overview of Treatment Options. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:3160-3175. [PMID: 36975452 PMCID: PMC10047909 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second-most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common histological type is non-small-cell lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all lung cancer cases. About one out of three new cases of non-small-cell lung cancer are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage—mainly stage III—consisting of a widely heterogeneous group of patients presenting significant differences in terms of tumor volume, local diffusion, and lymph nodal involvement. Stage III NSCLC therapy is based on the pivotal role of multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and a wide-ranging option of systemic treatments. Radical surgery is indicated in the case of hilar lymphnodal involvement or single station mediastinal ipsilateral involvement, possibly after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; the best appropriate treatment for multistation mediastinal lymph node involvement still represents a matter of debate. Although the main scope of treatments in this setting is potentially curative, the overall survival rates are still poor, ranging from 36% to 26% and 13% in stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, respectively. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art treatments for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrella
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0257489362
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Service of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), EOC, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Radiation Oncology, Oncological Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Martucci
- Radiation Oncology, Oncological Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bonomo
- Service of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), EOC, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Del Grande
- Service of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), EOC, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Monica Casiraghi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo De Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Evison M, Maconachie R, Mercer T, Daly CH, Welton NJ, Aslam S, West D, Navani N. What is the optimal management of potentially resectable stage III-N2 NSCLC? Results of a fixed-effects network meta-analysis and economic modelling. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00299-2022. [PMID: 37020838 PMCID: PMC10068518 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00299-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a critical need to understand the optimal treatment regimen in patients with potentially resectable stage III-N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out using a literature search including the CDSR, CENTRAL, DARE, HTA, EMBASE and MEDLINE bibliographic databases. Selected trials were used to perform a Bayesian fixed-effects network meta-analysis and economic modelling of treatment regimens relevant to current-day treatment options: chemotherapy plus surgery (CS), chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CR) and chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (CRS). Findings Six trials were prioritised for evidence synthesis. The fixed-effects network meta-analyses demonstrated an improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) for CRS versus CS and CRS versus CR of 0.34 years (95% CI 0.02-0.65) and 0.32 years (95% CI 0.05-0.58) respectively, over a 5-year period. No evidence of effect was observed in overall survival although point estimates favoured CRS. The probabilities that CRS had a greater mean survival time and greater probability of being alive than the reference treatment of CR at 5 years were 89% and 86% respectively. Survival outcomes for CR and CS were essentially equivalent. The economic model calculated that CRS and CS had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £19 000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and £78 000/QALY compared to CR. The probability that CRS generated more QALYs than CR and CS was 94%. Interpretation CRS provides an extended time in a disease-free state leading to improved cost-effectiveness over CR and CS in potentially resectable stage III-N2 NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Evison
- Lung Cancer and Thoracic Surgery Directorate, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ross Maconachie
- NICE Centre for Guidelines, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Toby Mercer
- NICE Centre for Guidelines, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Caitlin H. Daly
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicky J. Welton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shahzeena Aslam
- Bedford and Addenbrooke's Cambridge University NHS Hospital Trusts, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doug West
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Neal Navani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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Rusch VW, Nicholas A, Patterson GA, Waqar SN, Toloza EM, Haura EB, Raz DJ, Reckamp KL, Merritt RE, Owen DH, Finley DJ, McNamee CJ, Blasberg JD, Garon EB, Mitchell JD, Doebele RC, Baciewicz F, Nagasaka M, Pass HI, Schulze K, Johnson A, Bunn PA, Johnson BE, Kris MG, Kwiatkowski DJ, Wistuba II, Chaft JE, Carbone DP, Lee JM. Surgical results of the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium 3 trial: A phase II multicenter single-arm study to investigate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with stages IB-select IIIB resectable non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:828-839.e5. [PMID: 36369159 PMCID: PMC10288861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multimodality treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer has long remained at a therapeutic plateau. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly effective in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and promising preoperatively in small clinical trials for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. This large multicenter trial tested the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant atezolizumab and surgery. METHODS Patients with stage IB to select IIIB resectable non-small cell lung cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 were eligible. Patients received atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for 2 cycles or less followed by resection. The primary end point was major pathological response in patients without EGFR/ALK+ alterations. Pre- and post-treatment computed tomography, positron emission tomography, pulmonary function tests, and biospecimens were obtained. Adverse events were recorded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.0. RESULTS From April 2017 to February 2020, 181 patients were entered in the study. Baseline characteristics were mean age, 65.1 years; female, 93 of 181 (51%); nonsquamous histology, 112 of 181 (62%); and clinical stages IIB to IIIB, 147 of 181 (81%). In patients without EGFR/ALK alterations who underwent surgery, the major pathological response rate was 20% (29/143; 95% confidence interval, 14-28) and the pathological complete response rate was 6% (8/143; 95% confidence interval, 2-11). There were no grade 4/5 treatment-related adverse events preoperatively. Of 159 patients (87.8%) undergoing surgery, 145 (91%) had pathologic complete resection. There were 5 (3%) intraoperative complications, no intraoperative deaths, and 2 postoperative deaths within 90 days, 1 treatment related. Median disease-free and overall survival have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in resectable stage IB to IIIB non-small cell lung cancer was well tolerated, yielded a 20% major pathological response rate, and allowed safe, complete surgical resection. These results strongly support the further development of immune checkpoint inhibitors as preoperative therapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie W Rusch
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan J Raz
- Cedars Sinai (previously City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center), Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Cedars Sinai (previously City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center), Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Robert E Merritt
- The Ohio State Medical Center and the Pelotonia Institute for Immune Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dwight H Owen
- The Ohio State Medical Center and the Pelotonia Institute for Immune Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Edward B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Bunn
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colo
| | | | - Mark G Kris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Jamie E Chaft
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State Medical Center and the Pelotonia Institute for Immune Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
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Zeng L, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Xu Q, Zhou C, Zeng F, Jiang W, Wang Z, Deng L, Yang H, Liu L, Xiong Y, Zhang B, Yang N, Zhang Y. Copy number variations mediate major pathological response to induction chemo-immunotherapy in unresectable stage IIIA-IIIB lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:134-142. [PMID: 36858002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Despite this, evidence supporting optimal management of certain stages remains a topic of debate. In this retrospective study we examine the efficacy and safety, as well as exploring the biomarkers of neoadjuvant induction immuno-chemotherapy, in Chinese patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. METHODS Patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who were identified as driver mutation-negative and who received neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy were enrolled from three Chinese hospitals between Jan. 17, 2019, and Jan.17, 2022. Perioperative outcomes and survival data were collected. Retrospective biomarker exploration was performed in available baseline tumor samples and surgical specimens. RESULTS 94 patients were enrolled and received chemo-immunotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment. 80 patients had squamous cell carcinoma, and 26 had stage IIIB disease. Surgery conversion rate was 74.4%, R0 resection rate was 98.4%. Of 64 patients who underwent surgery, major pathological response (MPR) rate was 65.6% and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 42.2%. 73% of patients with N2 disease demonstrated down-staging to N0. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 43 patients (45.7%) with anemia was the most common. The Grade ≥ 3 TRAEs rate was 3.2% (3/94). A significant association between copy number variation (CNV) ploidy was also found. CONCLUSION The combination treatment of immuno-chemotherapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC is not only effective but also has a favourable safety profile. For the first time we provide evidence that CNV status may be a predictive biomarker of MPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fanxu Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Baihua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Nong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Baudoux N, Friedlaender A, Addeo A. Evolving Therapeutic Scenario of Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231152948. [PMID: 36818454 PMCID: PMC9932776 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231152948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death with an incidence that continues to increase in both sexes and all ages. However, 80% to 90% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the remaining 10% to 20% are small cell lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer worldwide. More frequently, lung cancer diagnosis is made in advanced stages. Stage III NSCLC refers to locoregionally advanced disease without metastases and represents about 30% NSCLC cases. Despite the absence of metastases at diagnosis, the outcome is generally poor. Stage III comprises a heterogeneous group and optimal management requires the input of a multidisciplinary team. All modalities of oncologic treatment are involved: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and more recently, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. We will discuss the different therapeutic options in stage III NSCLC, both in operable and inoperable scenarios, and the role of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Baudoux
- Oncology Department, Geneva University
Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, Geneva University
Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Oncology Service, Clinique Générale
Beaulieu, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, Geneva University
Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Alfredo Addeo, Oncology Department, Geneva
University Hospitals, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland.
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Etienne H, Kalt F, Park S, Opitz I. The oncologic efficacy of extended resections for lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:296-307. [PMID: 36630100 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extended lung resections for T3-T4 non-small-cell lung cancer remain challenging. Multimodal management is mandatory in multidisciplinary tumor boards, and here the determination of resectability is key. Long-term oncologic efficacy depends mostly on complete resection (R0) and the extent of N2 disease. The development of novel innovative treatments (targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors) sets interesting perspectives to reinforce current therapeutic options in the induction and adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Etienne
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Kalt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samina Park
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Tavakoli I, Turner SR, Diaz-Gutierrez I. Presurgical radiation and chemotherapy in preparation for thoracic tumor resection. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:74-82. [PMID: 36550608 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims at describing the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy as well the novel immunotherapy and targeted therapy in thoracic oncology with focus on anesthetic considerations of such treatments for the surgical patient. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, immune check point inhibitors have changed the landscape of thoracic oncology treatment. In this review, we summarize the key studies that have been fundamental in this change. SUMMARY Rather than a comprehensive review, the purpose of this work is to provide the reader with an overview of the most common neoadjuvant regimens used in current practice, with the corresponding most prevalent adverse effects as it pertains for patients with esophageal and lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and mediastinal tumors. Considerations relevant to the anesthesiologist, including specific toxicities related to each treatment type, and the impact of each treatment type on perioperative outcomes and complications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iran Tavakoli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Simon R Turner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ilitch Diaz-Gutierrez
- Assistant Professor, Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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43
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Current Management of Stage IIIA (N2) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Thorac Surg Clin 2023; 33:189-196. [PMID: 37045488 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous recent advances in the treatmetn of stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. The most significant involve the addition of targeted therapies adn immune checkpoint inhibitors into perioperative care. These exciting advances are improving survival in this challenging patient population, but some-decade old controveries around the definition of resectability, prognositic importance of tumor response to induction therapy, and the role of pneumonectomy persist.
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Godoy LA, Chen J, Ma W, Lally J, Toomey KA, Rajappa P, Sheridan R, Mahajan S, Stollenwerk N, Phan CT, Cheng D, Knebel RJ, Li T. Emerging precision neoadjuvant systemic therapy for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: current status and perspectives. Biomark Res 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36650586 PMCID: PMC9847175 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, targeted therapy for oncogene-driven NSCLC and immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively, have greatly improved the survival and quality of life for patients with unresectable NSCLC. Increasingly, these biomarker-guided systemic therapies given before or after surgery have been used in patients with early-stage NSCLC. In March 2022, the US FDA granted the approval of neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy for patients with stage IB-IIIA NSCLC. Several phase II/III trials are evaluating the clinical efficacy of various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC and neoadjuvant molecular targeted therapies for oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively. However, clinical application of precision neoadjuvant treatment requires a paradigm shift in the biomarker testing and multidisciplinary collaboration at the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current diagnosis and treatment landscape, recent advances, new challenges in biomarker testing and endpoint selections, practical considerations for a timely multidisciplinary collaboration at diagnosis, and perspectives in emerging neoadjuvant precision systemic therapy for patients with resectable, early-stage NSCLC. These biomarker-guided neoadjuvant therapies hold the promise to improve surgical and pathological outcomes, reduce systemic recurrences, guide postoperative therapy, and improve cure rates in patients with resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Godoy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy Chen
- Medical Student, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Weijie Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jag Lally
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyra A Toomey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu Rajappa
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Roya Sheridan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Shirish Mahajan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stollenwerk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Chinh T Phan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Danny Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Knebel
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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Hayakawa T, Isaka M, Konno H, Mizuno T, Kawata T, Kenmotsu H, Takahashi T, Ohde Y. Survival outcome of upfront surgery for clinical single-station N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:429-435. [PMID: 36655315 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diverse; its treatment depends on the clinical N (cN) status. We aimed to determine the efficacy of upfront surgery for cN2pN2 NSCLC. METHODS The study included 43 cN2pN2 NSCLC patients who underwent upfront surgery at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between 2002 and 2017. Survival outcome, focusing on cN2 status, was retrospectively investigated. Mediastinal lymph nodes were pre-operatively evaluated using computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Surgical eligibility criteria included single-station cN2. N2 with N1 and skip N2 were defined as N2 with and without ipsilateral hilar lymph node metastasis, respectively. A platinum-doublet regimen was used for adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival curves were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS Clinical-skip N2 and cN2 with N1 cases included 22 and 21 patients, respectively. Twenty-three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up duration was 73 months. Clinical-skip N2 had a significantly better 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) than cN2 with N1 (58.3 vs 28.6%, P = 0.038) and was an independent favorable RFS predictor. Recurrence within 18 months occurred in 71% of cN2 with N1 cases. Five-year overall survival and RFS rates in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy vs those without adjuvant chemotherapy were 82.2 vs 41.9% (P = 0.019) and 56.5 vs 28.0% (P = 0.049), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Clinical-skip N2 had an excellent prognosis, and upfront surgery was acceptable. Conversely, upfront surgery followed by chemotherapy is not recommended for cN2 with N1 patients because of early recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Hayakawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hayato Konno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawata
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kenmotsu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ohde
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Liu B, Wang Z, Zhao H, Gao S, Wang H, Zhang Y, Fan K, Tao R, Li Y, Feng J, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhang G. The Value of Radiotherapy in Patients With Resectable Stage IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Individualized Treatment: A Population-Based Analysis. Clin Lung Cancer 2023; 24:18-28. [PMID: 36446703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No consensus has been achieved on the benefit of radiotherapy for resected stage IIIA NSCLC patients. The division of stage IIIA has changed significantly in 2017. This study aims to explore the effects of radiotherapy on the survival of patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC in the new era. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 2010 and 2018 were identified in the 8th edition TNM classification from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. A nomogram was developed by integrating all independent predictors for lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS). The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and subgroup analysis were applied to mitigate potential bias. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS A total of 2632 stage IIIA NSCLC patients were enrolled. The C-index of the nomogram for the prediction of LCSS was 0.636 (95% CI, 0.616-0.656). In the group of patients with N2 stage who featured more than 5 positive regional lymph nodes, compared with non-PORT, PORT did prolong postoperative survival time (50 vs. 31 months; P= .005). N2 patients with visceral pleural invasion (VPI), older (age >65), or had a larger tumor (size >3 cm) could also benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Treatment protocol for stage IIIA NSCLC patients should be individualized. Based on our findings, N2 patients with more than 5 positive regional lymph nodes, VPI, larger tumor size (greater than 3 cm), and older (age above 65) could benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. Further well-designed randomized trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Runyi Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Yixing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Jinteng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China
| | - Guangjian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xie F, China.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Kalkan Z, Teke F, Onat S, Urakçı Z, Kaplan MA, Küçüköner M, Işıkdoğan A. Neoadjuvant Therapy and Factors Influencing Survival in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e33392. [PMID: 36751212 PMCID: PMC9897720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and clinicopathological characteristics in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (IIIA-IIIB), as well as the influence of the post-NAT treatment modalities on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included patients who presented to the Dicle University Medical Oncology Clinic and received NAT for a diagnosis of locally advanced NSCLC between 2004 and 2020. Clinicopathological and radiological data of the 57 patients whose data could be retrieved from the hospital archive system were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS) times and the factors influencing these times were evaluated. RESULTS This study included a total of 57 patients consisting of five (8.8%) females and 52 (91.2%) males. The median patient age at diagnosis was 58 (30-75) years. All patients had received four courses of chemotherapy during the neoadjuvant period. When the factors influencing OS were evaluated, the post-NAT modality was found to have a statistically significant effect on survival. FFS times were 12, 13, and 16 months in the chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery arms, respectively (log-rank p=0.035). FFS was longer in those who underwent surgery (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.77, (p=0.01)). OS times were 20, 21, and 55 months in the chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery arms, respectively (log-rank p=0.05). OS was longer in the arm undergoing surgery compared to the other arms (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.87, (p=0.02)). Five-year survival rates for the chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and surgery arms were 14.3%, 21.4%, and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that achieving an operable status is the most important indicator of survival and that patients undergoing surgery have a marked advantage in OS and FFS compared with patients receiving chemoradiotherapy or palliative chemotherapy.
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Effects of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy on Survival in Patients with Stage IIIA-N2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Following Pneumonectomy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237188. [PMID: 36498762 PMCID: PMC9738364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pneumonectomy is a drastic but sometimes inevitable treatment option for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to improve their chances for long-term survival. However, the optimal adjuvant radiotherapy used for patients with N2 NSCLC following pneumonectomy remains unclear in the literature. Methods: T1-4N0-2M0 NSCLC patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the assignment of patients. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan−Meier analyses were used to identify the factors related to overall survival rates. Restricted cubic splines were used to detect the possible nonlinear dependency of the relationship between the risk of survival and age. Results: A total of 4308 NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study. In N2 patients, the long-term outcome of the chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy groups was the worst (p = 0.014). Subgroup analyses showed that the influence of age on survival outcome was confined to patients who received chemotherapy and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, patients >65 years of age who received chemotherapy and neoadjuvant radiotherapy had significantly worse prognoses than those in the chemotherapy group (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Our results show that neoadjuvant radiotherapy may have potential benefits in patients aged ≤ 65 years who are scheduled for pneumonectomy, but not in elderly patients.
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Saad HM, Tourky GF, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Khattab AM, Elmasry SA, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Alsulimani A, Sabatier JM, Eid MW, Shaheen HM, Mohammed AA, Batiha GES, De Waard M. The Potential Role of MUC16 (CA125) Biomarker in Lung Cancer: A Magic Biomarker but with Adversity. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2985. [PMID: 36552994 PMCID: PMC9777200 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In terms of the diagnosis of lung cancer, combination carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) detection had higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios than CEA detection alone. Most individuals with elevated serum CA125 levels had lung cancer that was either in stage 3 or stage 4. Serum CA125 levels were similarly elevated in lung cancer patients who also had pleural effusions or ascites. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that human lung cancer produces CA125 in vitro, which suggests that other clinical illnesses outside of ovarian cancer could also be responsible for the rise of CA125. MUC16 (CA125) is a natural killer cell inhibitor. As a screening test for lung and ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis in the early stages, CA125 has been widely used as a marker in three different clinical settings. MUC16 mRNA levels in lung cancer are increased regardless of gender. As well, increased expression of mutated MUC16 enhances lung cancer cells proliferation and growth. Additionally, the CA125 serum level is thought to be a key indicator for lung cancer metastasis to the liver. Further, CA125 could be a useful biomarker in other cancer types diagnoses like ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. One of the important limitations of CA125 as a first step in such a screening technique is that up to 20% of ovarian tumors lack antigen expression. Each of the 10 possible serum markers was expressed in 29-100% of ovarian tumors with minimal or no CA125 expression. Therefore, there is a controversy regarding CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer and other cancer types. In this state, preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical benefit of CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ghada F. Tourky
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14132, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M. Khattab
- Pharmacy College, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sohaila A. Elmasry
- Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H. Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, MS, CT (ASCP), PhD, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, MS, CT (ASCP), PhD, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marwa W. Eid
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Mohammed
- Consultant Respiratory & General Physician, The Chest Clinic, Barts Health NHS Trust Whipps Cross University Hospital, London E11 1NR, UK
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», 06560 Valbonne, France
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Sinn K, Mosleh B, Grusch M, Klepetko W, Hoetzenecker K, Klikovits T, Gompelmann D, Hoda MA. Impact of fibrinogen levels and modified Glasgow prognostic score on survival of stage III/N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy and radical resection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1197. [DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The prognostic value of pretreatment and preoperative fibrinogen plasma levels and the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) in stage III/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who receive neoadjuvant treatment followed by radical surgery is yet unclear.
Methods
Fibrinogen levels and mGPS of 84 patients with initial stage III/N2 NSCLC, who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by complete surgical resection from 2002 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with clinical parameters and overall survival (OS). Data were analyzed using log-rank and Cox regression analysis adjusted for clinical and pathological factors.
Results
Median serum fibrinogen level after neoadjuvant treatment was 439 mg/dL (IQR 158 mg/dL). Elevated fibrinogen levels (> 400 mg/dL) after neoadjuvant treatment were significantly associated with poorer OS (28.2 months vs. 60.9 months, HR 0.562, p = 0.048). Importantly, a decrease in fibrinogen levels after neoadjuvant treatment (n = 34) was found to be an independent predictor for favorable OS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.994, p = 0.025). Out of 80 patients, 55, 19 and 6 patients had a mGPS of 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Moreover, elevated mGPS after neoadjuvant treatment (mGPS 1–2) showed a non-significant trend for poorer OS compared to mGPS 0 (28.2 vs. 46.5 months, HR 0.587, p = 0.066).
Conclusion
Elevated fibrinogen levels after neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery in stage III/N2 NSCLC patients are associated with significant disadvantage for OS. A decrease in fibrinogen levels after neoadjuvant therapy was found to be a predictor for superior OS in this retrospective patient cohort.
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