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Rayannavar S, Mv SK, Bembalgi M, Shankargouda S, Acharya A, Doddamani M, Hiremath V, Shah MA. Evaluation of Osteoconductive and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Graphene on Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54172. [PMID: 38496143 PMCID: PMC10941632 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material in dentistry, leveraging its exceptional properties. This study evaluates the physicochemical attributes of GO and elucidates its derived biological properties. These encompass biocompatibility, antibacterial efficacy, as well as its influence on osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between the physicochemical and biological aspects of GO provides valuable insights into its potential applications in various dental contexts. Materials and methods The study group (so; titanium discs surface coated with GO) and the control group (co; plain/uncoated machined titanium discs) were divided based on cell attachment and cell proliferation assays (n=60). These groups were further divided into subgroups (n=30) based on the tested time intervals, specifically 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The study and controlgroups were further subdivided into three subgroups (n=10) based on the microorganisms tested i.e Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacteria nucleatum. Results The results of this in vitro study suggest that GO-coated titanium dental implants have both increased osteogenic potential and antimicrobial efficacy. Graphene has good potential as a promising alternative to traditional surface treatments, and a graphene-coated implant can be used for enhanced osseointegration. Conclusion The osteogenic potential and the cell attachment were higher on titanium surfaces coated with GO nanoparticles when compared to plain titanium discs at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounyala Rayannavar
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar Mv
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Jaipur Dental College, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, IND
| | - Mahantesh Bembalgi
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Swapnil Shankargouda
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Aditya Acharya
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Mallikarjun Doddamani
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
| | - Vinuta Hiremath
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Private Practitioner, Belagavi, IND
| | - Mehul A Shah
- Research scholar, Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, IND
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Komatsu K, Matsuura T, Suzumura T, Ogawa T. Genome-wide transcriptional responses of osteoblasts to different titanium surface topographies. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100852. [PMID: 38024842 PMCID: PMC10663851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first genome-wide transcriptional profiling study using RNA-sequencing to investigate osteoblast responses to different titanium surface topographies, specifically between machined, smooth and acid-etched, microrough surfaces. Rat femoral osteoblasts were cultured on machine-smooth and acid-etched microrough titanium disks. The culture system was validated through a series of assays confirming reduced osteoblast attachment, slower proliferation, and faster differentiation on microrough surfaces. RNA-sequencing analysis of osteoblasts at an early stage of culture revealed that gene expression was highly correlated (r = 0.975) between the two topographies, but 1.38 % genes were upregulated and 0.37 % were downregulated on microrough surfaces. Upregulated transcripts were enriched for immune system, plasma membrane, response to external stimulus, and positive regulation to stimulus processes. Structural mapping confirmed microrough surface-promoted gene sharing and networking in signaling pathways and immune system/responses. Target-specific pathway analysis revealed that Rho family G-protein signaling pathways and actin genes, responsible for the formation of stress fibers, cytoplasmic projections, and focal adhesion, were upregulated on microrough surfaces without upregulation of core genes triggered by cell-to-cell interactions. Furthermore, disulfide-linked or -targeted extracellular matrix (ECM) or membranous glycoproteins such as laminin, fibronectin, CD36, and thrombospondin were highly expressed on microrough surfaces. Finally, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1, whose co-expression reduces cell proliferation, were upregulated on microrough surfaces. Thus, osteoblasts on microrough surfaces were characterized by upregulation of genes related to a wide range of functions associated with the immune system, stress/stimulus responses, proliferation control, skeletal and cytoplasmic signaling, ECM-integrin receptor interactions, and ECM-membranous glycoprotein interactions, furthering our knowledge of the surface-dependent expression of osteoblastic biomarkers on titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Toshikatsu Suzumura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and the Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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3
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Chen Z, Yang L, Xie J, Zhu X. Response of preosteoblasts on micromachined Ti-6Al-4V surface to microstructure dimension. Biomed Mater 2023; 19:015002. [PMID: 37890474 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The cell incubation depends on the cultured surface, but various machining methods produce different surface topographies, but it has not been clear how it is related to the topographic feature until now. Hence, the machined Ti-6Al-4V surface is characterized for preosteoblasts incubation via different mechanical fabrication. The relationship between surface topography created by various machining methods and cell incubation behaviour was explored. The objective is to control the surface preosteoblasts growth in machining of biological titanium alloy. According to the cell growth kinetic, the cell incubation behaviour was first proposed and modelled in relation to microstructural dimension and culture duration. Then, the topological cultured microstructure surface was fabricated via mechanical fabrication. Finally, the cell initial adhesion and incubation behaviour on microstructured surface was investigated. It is shown that the surface undulation on machined microstructure is conducive to controlling the direction and distribution of cell incubation from cell growth kinetic model. The cell culture can be controlled on the peak with a small undulation, while it is concentred on the sidewall with a high aspect ratio. Increasing the aspect ratio extends cell growth, while low aspect ratio promotes initial cell adhesion and growth rate. Within the optimal cultured duration, the microstructured surface is more favourable for cell survival, and the cell growth keep positive beyond critical aspect ratio. As a result, the cell adhesion ability is topologically controlled to 5.4 times higher and the growth rate can be improved by 101.7% on milled microgrooved surface. It may be applied to the rapid production of biomedical Ti-6Al-4V implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xie
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xicong Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jodati H, Evis Z, Tezcaner A, Alshemary AZ, Motameni A. 3D porous bioceramic based boron-doped hydroxyapatite/baghdadite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105722. [PMID: 36796253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Making composite scaffolds is one of the well-known methods to improve the properties of scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering. In this study, novel ceramic-based 3D porous composite scaffolds were successfully prepared using boron-doped hydroxyapatite, as the primary component, and baghdadite, as the secondary component. The effects of making composites on the properties of boron-doped hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds were investigated in terms of physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The incorporation of baghdadite contributed to making more porous scaffolds (over 40%) with larger surface area and micropore volumes. The produced composite scaffolds almost solved the low degradation problem of boron-doped hydroxyapatite through the exhibition of higher biodegradation rates, which matched the degradation rate appropriate for the gradual transfer of loads from implants to newly formed bone tissues. Besides higher bioactivity, enhanced cell proliferation, as well as higher osteogenic differentiation (in scaffolds with baghdadite weight greater than 10%), were observed in composite scaffolds due to both physical and chemical modifications that occurred in composite scaffolds. Although our composite scaffolds were slightly weaker than boron-doped hydroxyapatite, their compressive strengths were higher than almost all composite scaffolds made by baghdadite incorporation in the literature. In fact, boron-doped hydroxyapatite provided a base for baghdadite to show mechanical strength suitable for cancellous bone defect treatments. Eventually, our novel composite scaffolds converged the advantages of both components to satisfy the various requirements needed for bone tissue engineering applications and take us one step forward on the road to fabricating an ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jodati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Zafer Evis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ammar Z Alshemary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325260, China; Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah Babil, 51001, Iraq
| | - Ali Motameni
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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5
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Matsko A, Shaker N, Fernandes ACBCJ, Haimeur A, França R. Nanoscale Chemical Surface Analyses of Recycled Powder for Direct Metal Powder Bed Fusion Ti-6Al-4V Root Analog Dental Implant: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030379. [PMID: 36978770 PMCID: PMC10045388 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, additive manufacturing and the use of root-analogue-printed titanium dental implants have been developed. Not all powder particles are sintered into the final product during the additive manufacturing process. Reuse of the remaining powder could reduce the overall implant manufacturing cost. However, Ti-6Al-4V powder particles are affected by heat, mechanical factors, and oxidization during the powder bed fusion manufacturing process. Degradation of the powder may harm the final surface composition and decrease the biocompatibility and survival of the implant. The uncertainty of the recycled powder properties prevents implant fabrication facilities from reusing the powder. This study investigates the chemical composition of controlled, clean, and recycled titanium alloy powder and root-analogue implants (RAI) manufactured from these powders at three different depths. The change in titanium's quantity, oxidization state, and chemical composition in powder and RAI implants have been demonstrated and analyzed. While not identical, the surface chemical composition of the recycled powder implant and the implant manufactured from unused powder are similar. The results also indicate the presence of TiO2 on all surfaces. Many studies confirmed that titanium dioxide on the implant's surface correlates with better osteointegration, reduced bacterial infection, and increased corrosion resistance. Considering economic and environmental aspects, surface chemical composition comparison of clean and reused powder is crucial for the future manufacturing of cost-effective and biocompatible implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Matsko
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nader Shaker
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Ana Carla B C J Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Asmaa Haimeur
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
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Larsson L, Marattukalam JJ, Paschalidou EM, Hjörvarsson B, Ferraz N, Persson C. Biocompatibility of a Zr-Based Metallic Glass Enabled by Additive Manufacturing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5741-5753. [PMID: 36459395 PMCID: PMC9768811 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The present work explored the use of the selective laser melting (SLM) technique to develop a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) and investigate the influence of the process parameters on obtaining different levels of surface roughness. Moreover, the potential of the additively manufactured BMG Zr59.3Cu28.8Al10.4Nb1.5 (trade name AMLOY-ZR01) as an implant material was studied by evaluating the osteoblastic cell response to the alloy and its stability under simulated biological environments. The materials were characterized in terms of degree of crystallinity, surface roughness, and morphology, followed by a systematic investigation of the response of the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line to the as-printed samples. The materials supported cell proliferation and differentiation of the preosteoblastic cells, with results comparable to the reference material Ti-6Al-4V. The surface microroughness and surface morphology (porous or groove-type laser tracks) investigated in this study did not have a significant effect on modulating the cell response. Ion release experiments showed a large increase in ion release under inflammatory conditions as compared to regular physiological conditions, which could be attributed to the increased local corrosion under inflammatory conditions. The findings in this work showed that the surface roughness of the additively manufactured BMG AMLOY-ZR01 can be tailored by controlling the laser power applied during the SLM process. The favorable cell response to the as-printed AMLOY-ZR01 represents of a significant advancement of the investigation of additively manufactured BMGs for orthopedic applications, while the results of the ion release study highlights the effect that inflammatory conditions could have on the degradation of the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Larsson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Box
534, Uppsala University, SE- 75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Björgvin Hjörvarsson
- Department
of Physics, Materials Physics, Box 530, Uppsala University, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology and Functional
Materials, Box 35, Uppsala University, SE- 75103Uppsala, Sweden,
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Box
534, Uppsala University, SE- 75121Uppsala, Sweden,
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7
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Li S, Jin Y, Bai S, Yang J. Electrostatic Analysis of Bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V Hydrophilic Surface with Laser Textured Micro-Square Convexes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7942. [PMID: 36431426 PMCID: PMC9696582 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
At solid-liquid interfaces, charged particles within the electric double layer (EDL) are acted on by the electrostatic force, which may affect cell absorption and surface wettability. In this study, a model of the electrostatic force and surface tension of textured surfaces was presented. Then, the growth and adhesion of Murine osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cells on laser-ablated micro-square-textured Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were studied to demonstrate the use of a laser-processed texture to effectively improve bioactivity. Three different micro-square-textured hydrophilic surfaces, presenting lower contact angles of 19°, 22.5°, and 31.75° compared with that of a smooth surface (56.5°), were fabricated using a fiber-optic laser. Cellular morphology and initial cell attachment were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The results show that the electrostatic force not only made the textured surface more hydrophilic but also made the cells tend to adhere to the edges and corners of the protruding convexes. Cell morphology analysis also showed that cells would prefer to grow at the edges and corners of each micro-square convex protrusion. The laser-treated surfaces were more conducive to rapid cell growth and adhesion, and cells were preferentially attached on the hydrophilic-textured surfaces. Electrostatic force may be an important factor in effectively improving the bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V surfaces, and the presence of more surface grooves would be more conducive to improving the bioactivity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yangyang Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shaoxian Bai
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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8
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Moreno J, Merlo JL, Renno AC, Canizo J, Buchelly F, Pastore JI, Katunar MR, Cere S. In vitro characterization of anodized magnesium alloy as a potential biodegradable material for biomedical applications. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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The Influence of rhBMP-7 Associated with Nanometric Hydroxyapatite Coatings Titanium Implant on the Osseointegration: A Pre-Clinical Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194030. [PMID: 36235978 PMCID: PMC9570843 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioceramic nanometer coatings have been regarded as potential substitutes for plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings, and the association with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is an attempt to achieve faster osseointegration to hasten oral rehabilitation. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) on the osseointegration of titanium implants coated with a thin film surface of hydroxyapatite (HA). Methods: Two implants (n = 24) were placed in each white New Zealand rabbits’ femur (n = 6). Implants were placed in the right femur after standard instrumentation (A and B) and in the left femur after an over-instrumentation (C and D), preventing bone-implant contact. The distal implants were installed associated with rhBMP-7 (groups B [regular instrumentation] and D [over-instrumentation]) and, also, in the absence of without BMP (control groups A [regular instrumentation] and C [over-instrumentation]). After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized. The bone blocks containing the implants were embedded in methyl methacrylate and sectioned parallel to the long axis of the implant, which were analyzed by image segmentation. The data were analyzed using a nonparametric statistical method. Results: We observed that Group A had a mean bone formation of 35.6% compared to Group B, which had 48.6% (p > 0.05). Moreover, this group showed 28.3% of connective tissue compared to Group A, with 39.3%. In the over-instrumented groups, rhBMP-7 (Group D) showed an enhanced and significant increase in bone formation when compared with the group without rhBMP-7 (Group C). Conclusion: We concluded that the association of rhBMP-7 to thin nanostructure HA-coated implants promoted greater new bone area than the same implants in the absence of rhBMP-7, mainly in cases of over-instrumented implant sites.
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10
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Torres-Sanchez C, Alabort E, Wang J, Norrito M, Conway PP. In-silico design and experimental validation of TiNbTaZrMoSn to assess accuracy of mechanical and biocompatibility predictive models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104858. [PMID: 34607297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerical design of TiNbTaZrMoSn alloy preceded its manufacture and mechanical, physico-chemical and in vitro characterisation. The specifications of the alloy required a multi-objective optimisation including lower modulus of elasticity than c.p.Ti, high strength, stabilised β crystal structure with a low martensitic start temperature, a narrow solidification range and high biocompatibility. The results reveal that there was a good match between the bulk mechanical properties exhibited by the alloy experimentally and those predicted. Regarding surface properties, independent of roughness effects, the oxide thickness and surface zeta-potential, measured in biologically relevant electrolytes and at physiological pH, arose as important factors in osteoblastic activity (i.e., cell proliferation, measured via DNA, protein and metabolite content, and differentiation, via ALP levels), but not in cell adhesion and viability. The thinner oxide layer and lower absolute value of surface zeta-potential on the TiNbTaZrMoSn alloy explain its lesser osteogenic properties (i.e., inhibition of ALP activity) compared to the c.p. Ti. This study demonstrates that the numerical models to predict microstructure and bulk mechanical properties of β-Ti alloys are robust, but that the prediction of cellular bioactivity lags behind and still requires parameterisation to account for features such as oxide layer composition and thickness, electro-chemical properties and surface charge, and topography to optimise cell response in silico before committing to the costly manufacture and deployment of these alloys in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Sanchez
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK.
| | - E Alabort
- Alloyed Ltd, Unit 15, Oxford Industrial Park, Yarnton, OX5 1QU, UK
| | - J Wang
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
| | - M Norrito
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
| | - P P Conway
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3PE, UK
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11
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Hatamleh MM. Preparation and In Vitro Analysis of Craniofacial Titanium Implants Surfaces Produced by Additive 3D Printing and Conventional Manufacturing. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2021; 14:224-230. [PMID: 34471478 DOI: 10.1177/1943387520970792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Surface finish of titanium patient-specific craniofacial implants is known to affect their acceptability and durability and relevant literature still inconclusive on the best surface finishing protocol. Objectives This study investigated surface topography of three-dimensionally (3D) printed and conventionally manufactured craniofacial titanium implants following non-contact 3D laser profile-meter analysis. Methods Seven groups of titanium specimens (n = 10) were prepared and their surfaces were treated differently and included sole or combined treatment of mechanical polishing, gritting with 50 micron AL2O3, cold acid treatment using nitric acid for 20 hours (70% w/w), etching using acidic solution (69% nitric and 48% hydrofluoric acids) for 10 minutes and then electro-chemically anodized in another acidic solution (85% orthophosphoric and 98%sulphuric acid). Eighth group included specimens that were 3D printed. 3D micro-roughness parameters Sa, Sp, Sv, and Sz were determined (μm) for each specimen. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Dunett T3 post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results There were statistically significant effects of surface finishing protocols (p < 0.05). Sa values were 2.72-13.75 and specimens which were electroplated or mechanically polished and acid treated were the smoothest (p < 0.05). Sp was in the range 9.07-43.56 as sandblasting significantly roughened surfaces (p < 0.05). The same inferior effect was evident for the Sv (p < 0.05). The Sz values were 19.46-107.05 and was the highest for sandblasted surfaces (p < 0.05) and the lowest for surfaces of electro-chemical treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion Titanium surfaces are affected by the finishing procedure and electro-chemical treatment or mechanical polishing combined with acid treatment produced clinically-favorable smooth surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad M Hatamleh
- Luminus Technical University College, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Kochhar D, DeBari MK, Abbott RD. The Materiobiology of Silk: Exploring the Biophysical Influence of Silk Biomaterials on Directing Cellular Behaviors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697981. [PMID: 34239865 PMCID: PMC8259510 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical properties of the extracellular environment dynamically regulate cellular fates. In this review, we highlight silk, an indispensable polymeric biomaterial, owing to its unique mechanical properties, bioactive component sequestration, degradability, well-defined architectures, and biocompatibility that can regulate temporospatial biochemical and biophysical responses. We explore how the materiobiology of silks, both mulberry and non-mulberry based, affect cell behaviors including cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell differentiation. Keeping in mind the novel biophysical properties of silk in film, fiber, or sponge forms, coupled with facile chemical decoration, and its ability to match functional requirements for specific tissues, we survey the influence of composition, mechanical properties, topography, and 3D geometry in unlocking the body's inherent regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshi Kochhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Lohberger B, Eck N, Glaenzer D, Kaltenegger H, Leithner A. Surface Modifications of Titanium Aluminium Vanadium Improve Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061574. [PMID: 33807039 PMCID: PMC8005140 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenic cells are strongly influenced in their behaviour by the surface properties of orthopaedic implant materials. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) migrate to the bone–implant interface, adhere to the material surface, proliferate and subsequently differentiate into osteoblasts, which are responsible for the formation of the bone matrix. Five surface topographies on titanium aluminium vanadium (TiAl6V4) were engineered to investigate biocompatibility and adhesion potential of human osteoblasts and the changes in osteogenic differentiation of MSPCs. Elemental analysis of TiAl6V4 discs coated with titanium nitride (TiN), silver (Ag), roughened surface, and pure titanium (cpTi) surface was analysed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cell viability, cytotoxicity, adhesion behaviour, and osteogenic differentiation potential were measured via CellTiter-Glo, CytoTox, ELISA, Luminex® technology, and RT-PCR respectively. The Ag coating reduced the growth of osteoblasts, whereas the viability of MSPCs increased significantly. The roughened and the cpTi surface improved the viability of all cell types. The additive coatings of the TiAl6V4 alloy improved the adhesion of osteoblasts and MSPCs. With regard to the osteogenic differentiation potential, an enhanced effect has been demonstrated, especially in the case of roughened and cpTi coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-81640; Fax: +43-316-385-14806
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Takechi M, Takamoto M, Ninomiya Y, Ono S, Mizuta K, Nakagawa T, Shigeishi H, Ohta K, Ishikawa K, Tsuru K. In vitro investigation of the cell compatibility and antibacterial properties of titanium treated with calcium and ozone. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:712-718. [PMID: 33518685 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface modification of calcium ions on roughened titanium as a surface treatment of dental implants for cell attachment, growth, and initial bacterial adhesion. When a surface-roughened, pure titanium disk was immersed in a calcium chloride solution (100 mM) containing 20 ppm ozone for 24 h at 25ºC, calcium was detected on the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The calcium-modified, roughened titanium disk had a significantly greater concentration of the initially adhered cells as well as cells cultured over 7 days compared with titanium disks without surface modification. Furthermore, the initial bacterial adhesion on the calcium-ozone treated titanium disk was statistically less than on a pure titanium disk or titanium disk treated without ozone. Dissolved ozone was useful for modifying the surface of roughened titanium with calcium ions and the surface modification may be applicable for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Megumi Takamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University Hospital
| | - Yoshiaki Ninomiya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Shigehiro Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kuniko Mizuta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University.,Section of Bioengineering, Department of Dental Engineering, Fukuoka Dental College
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Sopata M, Karpiński TM, Jakubowicz J, Sopata M. Development of tantalum with highly hydrophilic surface and antimicrobial properties obtained by micro-arc oxidation process. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:829-840. [PMID: 33107130 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tantalum (Ta) and its application in biomaterials has been attracting more and more attention recently. It can be considered as a material for hard tissue implants. This study focuses on antimicrobial and surface characterization of micro-arc oxidized (MAO) nanocrystalline Ta compared with its microcrystalline equivalent. For the purposes of the investigation, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), wetting analysis, optical profilometry, corrosion resistance measurement, and antimicrobial tests were performed. Nanocrystalline Ta was fabricated using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and pulse plasma sintering (PPS). The MAO process done at 250 V results in the formation of a porous oxide surface. An XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a Ta2 O5 oxide layer. Based on the SEM pictures, the obtained oxide layer was approximately 3-4 μm thick for nanocrystalline Ta substrate. For microcrystalline Ta, the oxide layer was thinner, in the range of 0.3-0.6 μm. The analysis of polarization curves showed a significant improvement of corrosion resistance for MAO nanocrystalline Ta (2.62 × 10-8 A/cm2 ) versus not oxidized nanocrystalline Ta (1.20 × 10-5 A/cm2 ). The surface roughness of MAO nanocrystalline Ta proved to be several times higher than that of unoxidized Ta. Wetting analysis showed that the oxide layer on the nanocrystalline substrate is hydrophilic. This research provides detailed information about MAO microcrystalline and MAO nanocrystalline Ta antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A significant decrease of S. aureus for MAO nanocrystalline Ta (control 10,435 ± 981 vs. sample 3,453 ± 130) was noticed. No significant difference was noticed for MAO microcrystalline and nanocrystalline Ta tested for P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Sopata
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Jakubowicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sopata
- Chair and Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Aydemir T, Liverani L, Pastore JI, Ceré SM, Goldmann WH, Boccaccini AR, Ballarre J. Functional behavior of chitosan/gelatin/silica-gentamicin coatings by electrophoretic deposition on surgical grade stainless steel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lohberger B, Eck N, Glaenzer D, Lichtenegger H, Ploszczanski L, Leithner A. Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum Surface Modifications Alter the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194292. [PMID: 32992906 PMCID: PMC7579014 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface roughness on orthopedic implant materials has been shown to be highly influential on the behavior of osteogenic cells. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) migrate to the interface, adhere, proliferate, and differentiate into osteoblasts, which subsequently form bone matrix. Modifications of the implant surfaces should accelerate this process and improve biocompatibility. In this study, five surface topographies on cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) were engineered to examine the influence on MSPCs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant differences in the morphology of untreated CoCrMo discs in comparison with CoCrMo with a titanium nitride (TiN) coating, polished and porous coated CoCrMo surfaces, and CoCrMo with a pure titanium (cpTi) coating. Elemental analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Human primary MSPCs were expanded from tissue samples of spongiosa bone and characterized according to the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. The characteristic phenotype of MSPC was confirmed by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. Alcaline phosphatase and osteopontin expression increased significantly in all groups about 5-fold and 10-fold, respectively, in comparison to the undifferentiated controls. The porous coated surface showed a reduced expression of osteogenic markers. Due to the osteogenic differentiation, the expression of integrin α5β1, which is particularly important for cell-material contact, increased 4–7-fold. In the dynamic process of bone biology, MSPCs cultured and differentiated on cpTi, showed significant upregulation of IL6 and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.E.); (D.G.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-81640; Fax: +43-316 385-14806
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.E.); (D.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Dietmar Glaenzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.E.); (D.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (H.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Leon Ploszczanski
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (H.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.E.); (D.G.); (A.L.)
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Martinez MAF, Balderrama ÍDF, Karam PSBH, de Oliveira RC, de Oliveira FA, Grandini CR, Vicente FB, Stavropoulos A, Zangrando MSR, Sant'Ana ACP. Surface roughness of titanium disks influences the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic properties derived from human. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 32839885 PMCID: PMC7445212 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the response of osteogenic cell lineage and gingival fibroblastic cells to different surface treatments of grade IV commercially pure Titanium (cpTi) disks. MATERIAL AND METHODS Grade IV cpTi disks with different surfaces were produced: machined (M), sandblasting (B), sandblasting and acid subtraction (NP), and hydrophilic treatment (ACQ). Surface microtopography characteristics and chemical composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Adhesion and proliferation of SC-EHAD (human surgically-created early healing alveolar defects) and HGF-1 (human gingival fibroblasts) on Ti disks were investigated at 24 and 48 h, and osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining, respectively. RESULTS No significant differences were found among the various surface treatments for all surface roughness parameters, except for skewness of the assessed profile (Rsk) favoring M (p = 0.035 ANOVA). M disks showed a slightly higher (p > 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn) adhesion of HGF-1 (89.43 ± 9.13%) than SC-EHAD cells (57.11 ± 17.72%). ACQ showed a significantly higher percentage of SC-EHAD (100%) than HGF-1 (69.67 ± 13.97%) cells adhered at 24 h. SC-EHAD cells expressed increased ALP activity in osteogenic medium at M (213%) and NP (235.04%) surfaces, but higher mineralization activity on ACQ (54.94 ± 4.80%) at 14 days. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that surface treatment influences the chemical composition and the adhesion and differentiation of osteogenic cells in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydrophilic surface treatment of grade IV cpTi disks influences osteogenic cell adhesion and differentiation, which might enhance osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Frias Martinez
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ísis de Fátima Balderrama
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Paula Stephania Brandão Hage Karam
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Bossoi Vicente
- Anelasticity and Biomaterials Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti Zangrando
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos Passanezi Sant'Ana
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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Cirera A, Sevilla P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Osseointegration around dental implants biofunctionalized with TGFβ-1 inhibitor peptides: an in vivo study in beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:62. [PMID: 32696084 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization with two TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, on osseointegration of CP-Ti dental implants. A total of 36 implants (VEGA, Klockner®) with 3.5 × 8 mm internal connection were used in this study, divided in three groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) implants which surfaces were biofunctionalized with P17 peptide inhibitor (n = 12), (3) implants with surfaces biofunctionalized by P144 peptide (n = 12). Three implants, one from each group, were inserted in both hemimandibles of 6 beagle dogs, 2 months after tooth extraction. Two animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were analyzed by Backscattering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM) and histological analysis. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone fraction (BF) and interthread bone (IB) were carried out. Bone formation around implants measured by quantitative analysis, BS-SEM, was significantly higher in the P17-biofunctionalized implants, 4 and 8 weeks after the implantation. Histomorphometric analysis of BIC, BF and IB showed higher values in the P17-biofunctionalized group at initial stages of healing (2 weeks) and early osseointegration both at 4 and 8 weeks. For P144 biofunctionalized implants, the histomorphometric values obtained are also higher than control group. Accordingly, better results in the experimental groups were proven both by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. Surface biofunctionalization with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, resulted in better quantitative and qualitative parameters relative to implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cirera
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià - EUSS Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, DPyTEx, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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Torres-Sánchez C, Wang J, Norrito M, Zani L, Conway PP. Addition of Sn to TiNb alloys to improve mechanical performance and surface properties conducive to enhanced cell activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:110839. [PMID: 32600675 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys with Niobium (Nb) and Tin (Sn) were prepared in order to conduct a systematic study on the bulk and surface properties of as-cast c.p.Ti, binary Ti-40Nb and Ti-10Sn, and ternary Ti-10Nb-5Sn (at.%) to ascertain whether Sn content can be used as an enhancer for cell activity. From a metallurgy viewpoint, a range of binary and ternary alloys displaying distinctive Ti phases (i.e. β, α', α") were achieved at room temperature. Their surface (oxide thickness and composition, roughness, contact angle) and bulk (compressive stiffness, strength, elongation, microhardness, electrical resistance) features were characterised. The same surface roughness was imparted on all the alloys, therefore substrate-cell interactions were evaluated independently from this variable. The physico-mechanical properties of the ternary alloy presented the highest strength to stiffness ratio and thereby proved the most suitable for load-bearing orthopaedic applications. From a cellular response viewpoint, their cytotoxicity, ability to adsorb proteins, to support cell growth and to promote proliferation were studied. Metabolic activity using a mouse model was monitored for a period of 12 days to elucidate the mechanism behind an enhanced proliferation rate observed in the Sn-containing alloys. It was hypothesised that the complex passivating surface oxide layer and the bulk inhomogeneity with two dominant Ti phases were responsible for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Sánchez
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - J Wang
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - M Norrito
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - L Zani
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - P P Conway
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
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Wang Q, Zhou P, Liu S, Attarilar S, Ma RLW, Zhong Y, Wang L. Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1244. [PMID: 32604854 PMCID: PMC7353126 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The propose of this review was to summarize the advances in multi-scale surface technology of titanium implants to accelerate the osseointegration process. The several multi-scaled methods used for improving wettability, roughness, and bioactivity of implant surfaces are reviewed. In addition, macro-scale methods (e.g., 3D printing (3DP) and laser surface texturing (LST)), micro-scale (e.g., grit-blasting, acid-etching, and Sand-blasted, Large-grit, and Acid-etching (SLA)) and nano-scale methods (e.g., plasma-spraying and anodization) are also discussed, and these surfaces are known to have favorable properties in clinical applications. Functionalized coatings with organic and non-organic loadings suggest good prospects for the future of modern biotechnology. Nevertheless, because of high cost and low clinical validation, these partial coatings have not been commercially available so far. A large number of in vitro and in vivo investigations are necessary in order to obtain in-depth exploration about the efficiency of functional implant surfaces. The prospective titanium implants should possess the optimum chemistry, bionic characteristics, and standardized modern topographies to achieve rapid osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingge Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710055, China;
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Aeronautical Materials Engineering, Xi’an Aeronautical Polytechnic Institute, Xi’an 710089, China;
| | - Shifeng Liu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710055, China;
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Robin Lok-Wang Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (R.L.-W.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yinsheng Zhong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China; (R.L.-W.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology (NERCN), 28 East JiangChuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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The Impact of EBM-Manufactured Ti6Al4V ELI Alloy Surface Modifications on Cytotoxicity toward Eukaryotic Cells and Microbial Biofilm Formation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122822. [PMID: 32585940 PMCID: PMC7344637 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam melting (EBM) is an additive manufacturing technique, which allows forming customized implants that perfectly fit the loss of the anatomical structure of bone. Implantation efficiency depends not only on the implant's functional or mechanical properties but also on its surface properties, which are of great importance with regard to such biological processes as bone regeneration or microbial contamination. This work presents the impact of surface modifications (mechanical polishing, sandblasting, and acid-polishing) of EBM-produced Ti6Al4V ELI implants on essential biological parameters. These include wettability, cytotoxicity toward fibroblast and osteoblast cell line, and ability to form biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Obtained results indicated that all prepared surfaces exhibited hydrophilic character and the highest changes of wettability were obtained by chemical modification. All implants displayed no cytotoxicity against osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines regardless of the modification type. In turn, the quantitative microbiological tests and visualization of microbial biofilm by means of electron microscopy showed that type of implant's modification correlated with the species-specific ability of microbes to form biofilm on it. Thus, the results of the presented study confirm the relationship between such technological aspects as surface modification and biological properties. The provided data are useful with regard to applications of the EBM technology and present a significant step towards personalized, customized implantology practice.
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Effect of ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation on the antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility of Ti-Cu alloy for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:110921. [PMID: 32600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve antibacterial properties and cell biocompatibility of Ti-Cu alloy, an ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) has been applied to Ti-Cu alloy. The corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cell compatibility of Ti-Cu alloy before and after UMAO were studied in detail by means of electrochemical test, plate count method and CCK-8 test scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology to evaluate the application possibilities of UMAO as a surface bio-modification method for Ti-Cu alloy. The surface microstructure characterisation showed that a typical porous coating with a pore diameter of 3-8 μm and a thickness of 5-15 μm was formed on the surface of the Ti-Cu alloy, which significantly improved the surface roughness and hydrophilicity. The plate count method demonstrated that UMAO coatings on Ti-Cu alloy showed strong antibacterial activity (≥99%) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) even after being immersed in a physiological saline for up to 20 days, indicating that UMAO-treated Ti-Cu alloy had very strong long-term antibacterial properties. It is believed that the strong long-term antimicrobial properties of Ti-Cu-UMAO samples were mainly due to the formation of Cu2O and CuO in UMAO coatings. The results of cell compatibility evaluation showed that UMAO treatment did not bring about cytotoxicity but improved the early adhesion of MC3T3 cell.
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Lohberger B, Stuendl N, Glaenzer D, Rinner B, Donohue N, Lichtenegger HC, Ploszczanski L, Leithner A. CoCrMo surface modifications affect biocompatibility, adhesion, and inflammation in human osteoblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1682. [PMID: 32015475 PMCID: PMC6997456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, different surface modifications were performed on a Cobalt-Chrome-Molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy and the effects on cell viability and cytotoxicity as well as the adhesion potential of human osteoblasts (hFOB) and their inflammation reaction were investigated in vitro. CoCrMo discs were coated with TiN, with polished and porous coated surfaces, or with pure titanum (cpTi) surfaces and examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy to evaluate surface modifications. In vitro cell viability, adhesion behaviour, and expression of inflammation markers of hFOB human osteoblasts were measured via CellTiter-Glo, CytoTox, ELISA, and RT-PCR respectively. All results were compared to CoCrMo without surface modifications. The biocompatibility data showed high compatibility for the TiN hard coatings. Likewise, the porous surface coating increased cell viability significantly, compared to an untreated CoCrMo alloy. None of the investigated materials influenced cytotoxicity. Different surface modifications did not influence expression of fibronectin, although TiN, porous surface coatings and polished surfaces showed highly significant reductions in integrin subunit expression. In addition to the regulation of adhesion potential these three surfaces stimulated an anti-inflammatory response by osteocytes. Improved biocompatibility and adhesion properties may contribute to better osteointegration of prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nicole Stuendl
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glaenzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicholas Donohue
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helga C Lichtenegger
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Leon Ploszczanski
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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Lerebours A, Vigneron P, Bouvier S, Rassineux A, Bigerelle M, Egles C. Additive manufacturing process creates local surface roughness modifications leading to variation in cell adhesion on multifaceted TiAl6V4 samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Huang B, Vyas C, Byun JJ, El-Newehy M, Huang Z, Bártolo P. Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes with nanohydroxyapatite in a 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffold stimulates osteogenic differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110374. [PMID: 31924043 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly biomimetic scaffolds in terms of composition and structures, to repair or replace damaged bone tissues, is particularly relevant for tissue engineering. This paper investigates a 3D printed porous scaffold containing aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), mimicking the natural bone tissue from the nanoscale to macroscale level. MWCNTs with similar dimensions as collagen fibres are coupled with nHA and mixed within a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix to produce scaffolds using a screw-assisted extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Scaffolds with different material compositions were extensively characterised from morphological, mechanical and biological points of views. Transmission electron microscopy and polarised Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of aligned MWCNTs within the printed filaments. The PCL/HA/MWCNTs scaffold are similar to the nanostructure of native bone and shows overall increased mechanical properties, cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and scaffold mineralisation, indicating a promising approach for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Huang
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, M13 9PL, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cian Vyas
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, M13 9PL, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jae Jong Byun
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhucheng Huang
- Department of Mineral Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, M13 9PL, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Wang C, Hu H, Li Z, Shen Y, Xu Y, Zhang G, Zeng X, Deng J, Zhao S, Ren T, Zhang Y. Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Alloy Implants with Laser Microgrooved Surfaces and Graphene Oxide Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39470-39483. [PMID: 31594306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective osseointegration, as a critical factor in affecting the success rate of titanium (Ti) implants in orthopedic applications, is significantly affected by their surface microstructure and chemical composition. In this work, surface microgrooved Ti-6Al-4V alloys with graphene oxide coating (Ti-G-GO) were fabricated by a combination of laser processing and chemical assembly techniques. The osteogenic capability in vitro and new bone formation in vivo of the implants were systematically investigated, and biomechanical pull-out tests of the screws were also performed. First, in vitro studies indicated that the optimal microgroove width of the titanium alloy surface was 45 μm (Ti-G), and the optimum GO concentration was 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the effects of the surface microstructure and GO coating on the in vitro bioactivity were investigated through culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface of titanium alloy plates. The results showed that the BMSCs cultured on the Ti-G-GO group exhibited the best adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, compared with that on the Ti-G and Ti groups. Micro-computed tomography evaluation, histological analysis, and pull-out testing demonstrated that both Ti-G and Ti-G-GO implants had the higher osseointegration than the untreated Ti implant. Moreover, the osteogenic capability of the Ti-G-GO group appeared to be superior to that of the Ti-G group, which could be attributed to the improvement of surface wettability and apatite formation by the GO coatings. These results suggest that the combination of the microgroove structure and GO coatings exhibits considerable potential for enhancing the surface bioactivation of materials, and the combination modification is expected to be used on engineered titanium alloy surfaces to enhance osseointegration for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Hongxing Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , 325000 Wenzhou , China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200233 Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Gangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Collage of Textiles & Clothing , Qingdao University , 266000 Qingdao , China
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Lubricating Materials Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 201210 Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Shichang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200233 Shanghai , China
| | - Tianhui Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education) , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai , China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital , South Campus of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital , 201499 Shanghai , China
- Southern Medical University , 510515 Guangzhou , China
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28
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Al-Zain Y, Yamamoto A, AlAjlouni JM, Al-Abbadi MA, Al-Sayyed MR, Aloweidi AS, Kim HY, Miyazaki S. Corrosion behavior, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of a newly developed Ti-16Nb-3Mo-1Sn superelastic alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109906. [PMID: 31499953 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of a recently developed Ni-free Ti-16Nb-3Mo-1Sn (at.%) superelastic alloy was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, static water contact angle (WCA) and electrochemical tests were carried out. Commercial purity Ti (cp-Ti), which is already being used as a clinical material, was used as the control material. The alloy showed a stable corrosion behavior similar to that of the cp-Ti. The WCA measurements showed that the alloy exhibited hydrophilic properties that contributed to cell attachment to implants, as evident by the cytocompatibility tests. According to the in vivo implantation tests conducted on 30 adult BALB/c rats for periods up to 12 weeks, the tissue reaction around the implants was similar for both the cp-Ti and the alloy, and no significant difference was found in almost all parameters analyzed. Due to its stable superelastic properties accompanied with excellent biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance, we believe that this alloy is considered as a promising substitute for the biomedical materials containing Ni or other toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al-Zain
- Department of Industrial Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jihad M AlAjlouni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mousa A Al-Abbadi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Manar R Al-Sayyed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdelkarim S Aloweidi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Miyazaki
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan.
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29
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Datye A, Alexander Kube S, Verma D, Schroers J, Schwarz UD. Accelerated discovery and mechanical property characterization of bioresorbable amorphous alloys in the Mg-Zn-Ca and the Fe-Mg-Zn systems using high-throughput methods. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5392-5400. [PMID: 31411619 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ternary amorphous alloys in the magnesium (Mg)-zinc (Zn)-calcium (Ca) and the iron (Fe)-Mg-Zn systems are promising candidates for use in bioresorbable implants and devices. The optimal alloy compositions for biomedical applications should be chosen from a large variety of available alloys with best combination of mechanical properties (modulus, strength, hardness) and biological response (in situ degradation rates, cell adhesion and proliferation). As a first step towards establishing a database designed to enable such targeted material selection, amorphous alloy composition libraries were fabricated employing a combinatorial magnetron sputtering approach where Mg, Zn, and Ca/Fe are co-deposited from separate sources onto a silicon wafer substrate. Composition analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy documented a composition range of ∼15-85 at% Mg, ∼6-55 at% Zn, and ∼5-60 at% Ca for the Mg-Zn-Ca library and ∼26-84 at% Mg, ∼10-61 at% Zn, and ∼7-55 at% Fe for the Fe-Mg-Zn library. X-ray diffraction measurements established that amorphous alloys (i.e., glasses) form in almost the entire range of composition at the high cooling rates during sputtering for both alloy libraries. Finally, the effective material modulus, the Oliver-Pharr hardness, and the yield strength values obtained using nanoindentation reveal a wide range of mechanical properties within both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Datye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Sebastian Alexander Kube
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Devendra Verma
- Nanoscience Instruments, 10008 S. 51st Street, Ste 110, Phoenix, AZ 85044, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Udo D Schwarz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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30
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Cell response to plasma electrolytic oxidation surface-modified low-modulus β-type titanium alloys. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Yoruç ABH, Keleşoğlu E, Yıldız HE. In vitro bioactivity of laser surface-treated Ti6Al4V alloy. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1567-1573. [PMID: 30798388 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of lasing parameters on the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the commercial Ti6Al4V alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated. Ti6Al4V plates were polished and ultrasonically cleaned in acetone and ethyl alcohol, respectively. The specimen surfaces were treated with Er:YAG laser using super short pulse (SSP, 50 μs) and very short pulse (VSP, 100 μs) modes. Surface roughness was measured before and after laser treatment. The specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 3, and 7 days and, then the amount of Ca and P precipitation on specimens was determined using SEM/EDS analysis. An average roughness varying between 0.19 and 0.81 μm in surface roughness was detected in all laser-treated specimens depending on the lasing parameters. The highest surface roughness and Ca precipitation were found in VSP group (20 Hz and 5 W). Laser treatment of specimen surfaces has dramatically increased the HA precipitation due to the increasing surface roughness. It is also concluded that the immersion time was effective on the HA precipitation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ergün Keleşoğlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harika Ekşioğlu Yıldız
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Multilayer fabrication of unobtrusive poly(dimethylsiloxane) nanobrush for tunable cell adhesion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1834. [PMID: 30755647 PMCID: PMC6372672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise modulation of polymer brush in its thickness and grafting density can cause unexpected cell behaviors and regulated bioactivities. Herein, a nanoscale poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brush was employed to use as a controllable material for cell adhesion. Facile fabrication of ultrathin monolayer PDMS nanobrush on an underlying substrate facilitated regaining cell adhesion through long-range cell attractive forces such as the van der Waals forces. We showed that cell adhesion is diminished by increasing the number of nanobrush layers, causing a gradual decrease of the effectiveness of the long-range force. The result demonstrates that ultrathin PDMS nanobrush can either promote or inhibit cell adhesion, which is required for various biomedical fields such as tissue-engineering, anti-fouling coating, and implantable biomaterials and sensors.
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33
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Khokhlova M, Dykas M, Krishnan-Kutty V, Patra A, Venkatesan T, Prellier W. Oxide thin films as bioactive coatings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:033001. [PMID: 30523972 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaefbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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34
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Ejaz S, Seok KB, Woong LC. A Novel Image Probing System for Precise Quantification of Angiogenesis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 90:611-7. [PMID: 15762366 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of clinical diagnostic imaging technology, in tandem with medical and angiogenesis research, has led to some major advances in healthcare. The chorioallantoic membrane assay is commonly used for studying normal angiogenesis as well as putative angiogenic and antiangiogenic substances. Despite the progress, it is generally recognized that a major problem is the lack of a suitable quantitative bioassay for angiogenesis. Image probing is a novel solution to this problem, which, together with its associated discipline of evaluating angiogenesis, is showing great potential not only for accurate measurement of even very small blood vessels but also for detailed three-dimensional quantification of blood vessels and surface characterization. This technique could be a helpful tool for quantification in angiogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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35
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Zhang R, Elkhooly TA, Huang Q, Liu X, Yang X, Yan H, Xiong Z, Ma J, Feng Q, Shen Z. Effects of the hierarchical macro/mesoporous structure on the osteoblast-like cell response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tarek A. Elkhooly
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Ceramics; Inorganic Chemical Industries Division, National Research Center; Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Qianli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhijian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory; Stockholm University; Stockholm S-106 91 Sweden
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36
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Fathyunes L, Khalil-Allafi J. Effect of employing ultrasonic waves during pulse electrochemical deposition on the characteristics and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate coatings. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:293-302. [PMID: 29429672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the effect of employing ultrasonic waves during pulse electrochemical deposition on surface topography, chemical composition and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings. The SEM and 3D AFM images showed that the anodized titanium surface was covered with the uniform and refined size of plate-like Ca-P crystals, when the ultrasonic treatment of the electrolyte with power of 60 W was carried out during deposition. In contrast, for the Ca-P; 0 W coating applied under only the magnetic stirring of the electrolyte, the microstructure was non-uniform and some Ca-P crystals with the larger size were randomly observed in different regions, causing a rougher surface. The FTIR results also revealed that employing the ultrasound increases the deposition of a coating involved in only the most stable Ca-P phase of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). However, in the absence of ultrasound, besides the prominent phase of CHA, some less stable Ca-P phases like octa calcium phosphate (OCP) and brushite were also formed in the Ca-P; 0 W coating. The Ca-P; 60 W coating showed the higher ability for apatite biomineralization after a 7-day immersion in the simulated body fluid (SBF). This coating also provided a better surface for the cellular activity, as compared to the Ca-P; 0 W coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fathyunes
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5133511996 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Khalil-Allafi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 5133511996 Tabriz, Iran
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37
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Hatamleh MM, Wu X, Alnazzawi A, Watson J, Watts D. Surface characteristics and biocompatibility of cranioplasty titanium implants following different surface treatments. Dent Mater 2018; 34:676-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Chávez-Díaz MP, Escudero-Rincón ML, Arce-Estrada EM, Cabrera-Sierra R. Effect of the Heat-Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy on the Fibroblastic Cell Response. MATERIALS 2017; 11:ma11010021. [PMID: 29301205 PMCID: PMC5793519 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two heat treatments were carried out below (Ti6Al4V800) and above (Ti6Al4V1050) Ti6Al4V beta-phase transformation temperature (980 °C), with the purpose of studying the effect of microstructure on the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells, as well as their electrochemical behavior. These alloys were seeded with 10,000 L929 fibroblast cells and immersed for 7 days in the cell culture at 37 °C, pH 7.40, 5% CO₂ and 100% relative humidity. Cell adhesion was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Polygonal and elongated cell morphology was observed independent of Ti6Al4V microstructure. Besides, C, O, P, S, Na and Cl signals were detected by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), associated with the synthesis of organic compounds excreted by the cells, including protein adsorption from the medium. In certain areas on Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V800 alloys, cells were agglomerated (island type), likely related to the globular microstructure; meanwhile, larger cellular coverage is shown for Ti6Al4V1050 alloy, forming more than one layer on the surface, where only Ca was recorded. Impedance diagrams showed a similar passive behavior for the different Ti6Al4V alloys, mainly due to TiO₂ overlaying the contribution of the organic compounds excreted by fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Paulina Chávez-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Departamento de Ingeniería de Superficies, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - María Lorenza Escudero-Rincón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Departamento de Ingeniería de Superficies, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Elsa Miriam Arce-Estrada
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
| | - Román Cabrera-Sierra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
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39
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Huang L, Tian M, Wu D, Duscher G, Liaw PK, He W. Surface Mechanoengineering of a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass via Ar-Nanobubble Doping To Probe Cell Sensitivity to Rigid Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43429-43437. [PMID: 29171273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new materials platform, utilizing the amorphous microstructure of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and the versatility of ion implantation, was developed for the fundamental investigation of cell responses to substrate-rigidity variations in the gigapascal modulus range, which was previously unattainable with polymeric materials. The surface rigidity of a Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Y BMG was modulated with low-energy Ar-ion implantation because of the impartment of Ar nanobubbles into the amorphous matrix. Surface softening was achieved due to the formation of nanobubble-doped transitional zones in the Zr-based BMG substrate. Bone-forming cell studies on this newly designed platform demonstrated that mechanical cues, accompanied by the potential effects of other surface properties (i.e., roughness, morphology, and chemistry), contributed to modulating cell behaviors. Cell adhesion and actin filaments were found to be less established on less stiff surfaces, especially on the surface with an elastic modulus of 51 GPa. Cell growth appeared to be affected by surface-mechanical properties. A lower stiffness was generally related to a higher growth rate. Findings in this study broadened our fundamental understanding concerning the mechanosensing of bone cells on stiff substrates. It also suggests that surface mechanoengineering of metallic materials could be a potential strategy to promote osseointegration of such materials for bone-implant applications. Further investigations are proposed to fine-tune the ion implantation variables in order to further distinguish the surface-mechanical effect on bone-forming cell activities from the contributions of other surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mengkun Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomaterials Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Gerd Duscher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Wei He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Lukaszewska-Kuska M, Wirstlein P, Majchrowski R, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Osteoblastic cell behaviour on modified titanium surfaces. Micron 2017; 105:55-63. [PMID: 29179009 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surfaces of endoosseous dental implants have been subjected to numerous modifications in order to create a surface which can provide rapid bone healing and fast implant loading. Each modification has involved changes to the chemical composition and topography of the surfaces which have resulted in various biological reactions to the implanted material. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface topography and chemistry of various modified titanium surfaces: (1) machined surface (MA), (2) alumina-blasted (Al2O3), (3) alumina-blasted and acid-etched (Al2O3 DE), (4) hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate grit-blasted (HA/TCP) and (5) hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate grit-blasted and acid-etched (HA/TCP DE) and to analyse the effects of surface roughness, and chemical composition on human osteoblast vitality, differentiation, morphology and orientation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The modified surfaces were subjected to topographic analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, roughness analysis and chemical composition evaluation using Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The biological effects of the titanium modifications was analysed using human osteoblasts cell culture where the cell morphology, vitality (MTS assay) and differentiation (ALP activity) was analysed. RESULTS The machined surfaces were classified as anisotropic, smooth and composed of titanium and oxygen. The blasted surface samples along with the blasted and etched samples were found to be isotropic and rough. The grit-blasting procedure resulted in the incorporation of components from the blasting material. In the case of the blasted and etched samples, etching decreased the surface development as indicated by the Sdr and also reduced the amount of chemical compounds incorporated into the surfaces during the blasting procedure. The attached NHOst cells, proliferated the surfaces. With regard to the MA samples, the cells spread close to the titanium surface, with expanded cytoplasmic extensions and lamelipodia and were oriented in line with the groves left after machining. On the rough substrates, cells were less dispersed and exhibited numerous cytoplasmic extensions, filopodia and interconnections, they were not oriented with respect to the surfaces features. The cell viability of all samples except for Al2O3 decreased after the first day of culture. For all Al2O3, Al2O3 DE and HA samples the viability increased with culture time after an initial reduction. At the end of the culture period the ALP activity was slightly greater on Al2O3 and HA samples compared to the control with the HA DE sample having the same activity as the control. The Al2O3, HA and HA DE ALP samples showed comparable activity and were statistically different from MA and Al2O3 DE samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study, variously treated titanium surfaces were correlated with osteoblastic cell viability, morphology and differentiation in comparison with the plastic and smooth titanium. All examined surfaces were found to be biocompatible. Favourable cell reactions were observed for Al2O3 and HA blasted surfaces. The surface roughness patterns influenced the growth orientation while the surface topography influenced osteoblast morphology. Further animal studies are necessary to compare the in-vivo effect on osseointegration of these modified titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lukaszewska-Kuska
- Department of Gerostomatology and Oral Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wirstlein
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Radomir Majchrowski
- Division of Metrology and Measurement Systems, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Dorocka-Bobkowska
- Department of Gerostomatology and Oral Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
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Echeverry-Rendón M, Galvis O, Aguirre R, Robledo S, Castaño JG, Echeverría F. Modification of titanium alloys surface properties by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and influence on biological response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:169. [PMID: 28956201 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface characteristics can mediate biological interaction improving or affecting the tissue integration after implantation of a biomaterial. Features such as topography, wettability, surface energy and chemistry can be key determinants for interactions between cells and materials. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a technique used to control this kind of parameters by the addition of chemical species and the production of different morphologies on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys. With the purpose to improve the biological response, surfaces of c.p titanium and Ti6Al4V were modified by using PEO. Different electrolytes, voltages, current densities and anodizing times were tested in order to obtain surfaces with different characteristics. The obtained materials were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Wettability of the obtained surfaces were measured and the corresponding surface energies were calculated. Superhydrophilic surfaces with contact angles of about 0 degrees were obtained without any other treatment but PEO and this condition in some cases remains stable after several weeks of anodizing; crystal phase composition (anatase-rutile) of the anodic surface appears to be critical for obtaining this property. Finally, in order to verify the biological effect of these surfaces, osteoblast were seeded on the samples. It was found that cell behavior improves as SFE (surface free energy) and coating porosity increases whereas it is affected negatively by roughness. Techniques for surface modification allow changes in the coatings such as surface energy, roughness and porosity. As a consequence of this, biological response can be altered. In this paper, surfaces of c.p Ti and Ti6Al4V were modified by using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in order to accelerate the cell adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Echeverry-Rendón
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Oscar Galvis
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Robinson Aguirre
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Robledo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Guillermo Castaño
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Félix Echeverría
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Ramskogler C, Warchomicka F, Mostofi S, Weinberg A, Sommitsch C. Innovative surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy by electron beam technique for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cardoso MV, de Rycker J, Chaudhari A, Coutinho E, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B, Mesquita MF, da Silva WJ, Yoshihara K, Vandamme K, Duyck J. Titanium implant functionalization with phosphate-containing polymers may favour in vivo osseointegration. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:950-960. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio V. Cardoso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Judith de Rycker
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Amol Chaudhari
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Eduardo Coutinho
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- School of Dentistry; Fluminense Federal University; Nova Friburgo Brazil
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Marcelo F. Mesquita
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School; State University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Wander J. da Silva
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology; Piracicaba Dental School; State University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine; Okayama University Hospital; Okayama Japan
| | - Katleen Vandamme
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Joke Duyck
- Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinic; Biomaterials - Biomat & Restorative Dentistry; KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Ti-SLActive and TiZr-SLActive Dental Implant Surfaces Promote Fast Osteoblast Differentiation. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7070102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bio-functionalizing heterogeneous phase activated titanium by multiphoton ionization energy mechanism to harmonize cell proliferative behavior. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:448-456. [PMID: 28482549 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions are regulated by various mechanical, physical and chemical factors that are either introduced to or are pre-existing in their local microenvironments. These factors include geometric confinement, cell-substrate interactions and cell-cell contacts. The systematic elucidation of these dictating mechanisms is crucial for fundamental understanding of regenerative medicine and for designing biomedical devices. Here, we have developed an elegant multi-photon ionization based mechanism, which accomplishes selective surface bio-functionalization of native titanium substrates, to achieve stable cellular confinements. In particular, we applied selective titanium phase activation for cellular confinement of mouse fibroblasts and osteoblast cells in an effort to examine their directionality and proliferative behavior under confinement. The experimental results suggest, both mouse fibroblasts and osteoblasts can be manipulated, guided and aligned along an induced orientation by selective hongquiite phase activation. The cell viability of both fibroblast and osteoblast cells were observed through fluorescent assays and SEM techniques. The phase activated surface fabricated influenced both nuclei and actin cytoskeletal re-arrangement of cell structures.
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Bergemann C, Zaatreh S, Wegner K, Arndt K, Podbielski A, Bader R, Prinz C, Lembke U, Nebe JB. Copper as an alternative antimicrobial coating for implants - An in vitro study. World J Transplant 2017; 7:193-202. [PMID: 28698836 PMCID: PMC5487309 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties of a titanium-copper-nitride (TiCuN) film and an additional BONIT® coating on titanium substrates.
METHODS For micro-structuring, the surface of titanium test samples was modified by titanium plasma spray (TPS). On the TPS-coated samples, the TiCuN layer was deposited by physical vapor deposition. The BONIT® layer was coated electrochemically. The concentration of copper ions released from TiCuN films was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. MG-63 osteoblasts on TiCuN and BONIT® were analyzed for cell adhesion, viability and spreading. In parallel, Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) were cultivated on the samples and planktonic and biofilm-bound bacteria were quantified by counting of the colony-forming units.
RESULTS Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed rough surfaces for TPS and TiCuN and a special crystalline surface structure on TiCuN + BONIT®. TiCuN released high amounts of copper quickly within 24 h. These release dynamics were accompanied by complete growth inhibition of bacteria and after 2 d, no planktonic or adherent S. epidermidis were found on these samples. On the other hand viability of MG-63 cells was impaired during direct cultivation on the samples within 24 h. However, high cell colonization could be found after a 24 h pre-incubation step in cell culture medium simulating the in vivo dynamics closer. On pre-incubated TiCuN, the osteoblasts span the ridges and demonstrate a flattened, well-spread phenotype. The additional BONIT®coating reduced the copper release of the TiCuN layer significantly and showed a positive effect on the initial cell adhesion.
CONCLUSION The TiCuNcoating inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms on orthopedic implants by influencing the “race for the surface” to the advantage of osteoblasts.
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Asri RIM, Harun WSW, Samykano M, Lah NAC, Ghani SAC, Tarlochan F, Raza MR. Corrosion and surface modification on biocompatible metals: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1261-1274. [PMID: 28532004 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion prevention in biomaterials has become crucial particularly to overcome inflammation and allergic reactions caused by the biomaterials' implants towards the human body. When these metal implants contacted with fluidic environments such as bloodstream and tissue of the body, most of them became mutually highly antagonistic and subsequently promotes corrosion. Biocompatible implants are typically made up of metallic, ceramic, composite and polymers. The present paper specifically focuses on biocompatible metals which favorably used as implants such as 316L stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, pure titanium and titanium-based alloys. This article also takes a close look at the effect of corrosion towards the implant and human body and the mechanism to improve it. Due to this corrosion delinquent, several surface modification techniques have been used to improve the corrosion behavior of biocompatible metals such as deposition of the coating, development of passivation oxide layer and ion beam surface modification. Apart from that, surface texturing methods such as plasma spraying, chemical etching, blasting, electropolishing, and laser treatment which used to improve corrosion behavior are also discussed in detail. Introduction of surface modifications to biocompatible metals is considered as a "best solution" so far to enhanced corrosion resistance performance; besides achieving superior biocompatibility and promoting osseointegration of biocompatible metals and alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I M Asri
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - W S W Harun
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - M Samykano
- Structural and Material Degradation Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - N A C Lah
- Structural and Material Degradation Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - S A C Ghani
- Green Research for Advanced Materials Laboratory, Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - F Tarlochan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - M R Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
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Kuo TF, Lu HC, Tseng CF, Yang JC, Wang SF, Yang TCK, Lee SY. Evaluation of Osseointegration in Titanium and Zirconia-Based Dental Implants with Surface Modification in a Miniature Pig Model. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Medvedev A, Neumann A, Ng H, Lapovok R, Kasper C, Lowe T, Anumalasetty V, Estrin Y. Combined effect of grain refinement and surface modification of pure titanium on the attachment of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:483-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lauria I, Kramer M, Schröder T, Kant S, Hausmann A, Böke F, Leube R, Telle R, Fischer H. Inkjet printed periodical micropatterns made of inert alumina ceramics induce contact guidance and stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:85-96. [PMID: 27498177 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioinert high performance ceramics exhibit detrimental features for implant components with direct bone contact because of their low osseointegrating capability. We hypothesized that periodical microstructures made of inert alumina ceramics can influence the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). In this study, we manufactured pillared arrays made of alumina ceramics with periodicities as low as 100μm and pillar heights of 40μm employing direct inkjet printing (DIP) technique. The response of hMSC to the microstructured surfaces was monitored by measuring cell morphology, viability and formation of focal adhesion complexes. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was investigated by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization assays and expression analysis of respective markers. We demonstrated that MSCs react to the pillars with contact guidance. Subsequently, cells grow onto and form connections between the microstructures, and at the same time are directly attached to the pillars as shown by focal adhesion stainings. Cells build up tissue-like constructs with heights up to the micropillars resulting in increased cell viability and osteogenic differentiating properties. We conclude that periodical micropatterns on the micrometer scale made of inert alumina ceramics can mediate focal adhesion dependent cell adhesion and stimulate osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lauria
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michael Kramer
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mauerstrasse 5, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Teresa Schröder
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52057 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anne Hausmann
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Frederik Böke
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52057 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Telle
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mauerstrasse 5, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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