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Chen X, Yu T, Kong Q, Kuang D, Xu H, Zhao Z, Yang L, Li G, Fan H, Wang Y. Functional non-glutaraldehyde treated porcine pericardium for anti-coagulation, anti-calcification, and endothelial proliferation bioprosthetic heart valves. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the last decade, the number of transcatheter heart valve replacement for severe heart valve disease has increased exponentially. Although the bioprosthetic artificial heart valve (BHV) has similar fluid dynamics performance to the original heart valve compared with mechanical heart valve so that there is no need to take long-term anticoagulant drugs to prevent thromboembolism, transcatheter BHV replacement are still at risk for thrombosis during the first few months according to the clinical data. However, the use of antithrombotic drugs can also increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the anticoagulant properties for the BHV itself. In this work, a kind of non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked BHV material with excellent antithrombotic ability has been prepared from carboxylated oxazolidine treated porcine pericardium (consisting of collagen, elastin and glycoprotein) with the further graft of the anticoagulant heparin sodium via hydrophilic modified chitosan. Along with the similar mechanical properties and collagen stability comparable to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked porcine pericardium (PP), these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs exhibit better biocompatibility, promoted endothelial proliferation and superior anti-calcification ability. More importantly, excellent anticoagulant activity can be observed in the hematological experiments in vivo and in vitro. In summary, these excellent performances make these functional non-glutaraldehyde cross-linked PPs great potentialities in the BHV applications.
Graphical abstract
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Snow T, Ju Y, Liu Y, Smith AJ, Prabakar S. Minimising Chemical Crosslinking for Stabilising Collagen in Acellular Bovine Pericardium: Mechanistic Insights via Structural Characterisations. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:113-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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3
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Xing Y, Gu Y, Guo L, Guo J, Xu Z, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Wang C, Feng ZG, Wang Z. Gelatin coating promotes in situ endothelialization of electrospun polycaprolactone vascular grafts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1161-1181. [PMID: 33830866 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1909413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid endothelialization is crucial for in situ tissue engineering vascular grafts to prevent graft failure in the long-term. Gelatin is a promising nature material that can promote endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion, proliferation, and migration. In this study, the internal surface of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts was coated with gelatin. Endothelialization and vascular wall remolding were investigated by imaging and histological studies in the rat abdominal aorta replacement model. The endothelialization of heparinized gelatin-coated PCL (GP-H) vascular grafts was more rapid and complete than heparinized PCL (P-H) grafts. Intimal hyperplasia was milder in the GP-H vascular grafts than the P-H vascular grafts in the long-term. Meanwhile, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration were better in the GP-H vascular grafts. By comparison, an aneurysm was observed in the P-H group in 6 months. Calcification was observed in both groups. All vascular grafts were patient after implantation in both groups. Our results showed that gelatin coating on the internal surface of PCL grafts is a simple and effective way to promote endothelialization. A more rapid endothelialization and complete endothelium can inhibit intimal hyperplasia in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehao Xing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianrui Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqin Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonggao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mahara A, Kitai M, Masunaga H, Hikima T, Ohya Y, Sasaki S, Sakurai S, Yamaoka T. Modification of decellularized vascular xenografts with 8-arm polyethylene glycol suppresses macrophage infiltration but maintains graft degradability. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2005-2014. [PMID: 32323458 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because acellular vascular xenografts induce an immunological reaction through macrophage infiltration, they are conventionally crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). However, the GA crosslinking reaction inhibits not only the host immune reaction around the graft but also the graft's enzymatic degradability, which is one of the key characteristics of acellular grafts that allow them to be replaced by host tissue. In this study, we used an 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) to successfully suppress macrophage infiltration, without eliminating graft degradation. Decellularized ostrich carotid arteries were modified with GA or N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated 8-arm PEG (8-arm PEG-NHS), which has a molecular weight of 17 kDa. To evaluate the enzymatic degradation in vitro, the graft was immersed in a collagenase solution for 12 hr. The 8-arm PEG-modified graft was degraded to the same extent as the unmodified graft, but the GA-modified graft was not degraded. The graft was transplanted into rat subcutaneous tissue for up to 8 weeks. Although CD68-positive cells accumulated in the unmodified graft, they did not infiltrate into either modified graft. However, the GA-modified grafts calcified, but the 8-arm PEG-modified graft did not calcify after transplantation. These data suggested that 8-arm PEG-NHS is a promising modification agent for biodegradable vascular xenografts, to suppress acute macrophage infiltration only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe Shin-machi Suita Osaka, Japan
| | - Marina Kitai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe Shin-machi Suita Osaka, Japan.,Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Registered Institution for Facilities Use Promotion, Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hikima
- Registered Institution for Facilities Use Promotion, Japan Synchrotoron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohya
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sono Sasaki
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe Shin-machi Suita Osaka, Japan
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Badria A, Koutsoukos P, Korossis S, Mavrilas D. The effect of heparin hydrogel embedding on glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardial tissues: Mechanical behavior and anticalcification potential. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:175. [PMID: 30413947 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart valve diseases remain common in industrialized countries. Bioprosthetic heart valves, introduced as free of anticoagulation therapy alternatives to mechanical substitutes. Still they suffer from long term failure due to calcification. Different treatment methods introduced to inhibit calcification, have so far been limited in success. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess properties including high negative charge, anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory activity that make them a potential solution for calcification problem. In this study, heparin hydrogel was prepared and characterized both chemically and mechanically. After that, heparin hydrogel embedded bovine pericardial tissues, fixed with glutaraldehyde, were produced and tested for their mechanical behavior and anticalcifcation potential in vitro using the constant composition model. In the calcification experiments, tissues were divided into three groups: a) Controls without treatment, b) Hydrogel treated tissues and c) Tissues with raw heparin dissolved in the calcification solution. The results showed that embedding of tissue with hydrogel had no stiffening effect on its mechanical behavior. Calcification assessment showed a significant efficacy on inhibition of calcium phosphate deposition of hydrogel treated (second group) in comparison to untreated tissues (control, first group). Calcification inhibition potential was very similar in both the second and raw heparin (third group). Histological data confirmed the obtained results, suggesting that heparin treatment is a promising anticalcification agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Badria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Petros Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimosthenis Mavrilas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Yang M, Lin YH, Shi WP, Shi HC, Gu YJ, Shu YS. Surface heparin treatment of the decellularized porcine heart valve: Effect on tissue calcification. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:400-405. [PMID: 26526040 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yang-Hua Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wei-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hong-Can Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China
| | - Y. John Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Sheng Shu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University; Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China
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Gallyamov MO, Chaschin IS, Khokhlova MA, Grigorev TE, Bakuleva NP, Lyutova IG, Kondratenko JE, Badun GA, Chernysheva MG, Khokhlov AR. Collagen tissue treated with chitosan solutions in carbonic acid for improved biological prosthetic heart valves. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:127-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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van den Heever JJ, Neethling WML, Smit FE, Litthauer D, Joubert G. The effect of different treatment modalities on the calcification potential and cross-linking stability of bovine pericardium. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:53-63. [PMID: 22382933 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine heart valves and bovine pericardium exhibit suitable properties for use as substitutes in cardiothoracic surgery, but must meet several requirements to be safe and efficient. Treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA) render some of these requirements, but calcification and degradation post-implant remain a problem. This study aimed to identify additional biochemical treatments that will minimize calcification potential without compromising the physical properties of pericardium. Pericardium treated with GA calcified severely after 8 weeks in the subcutaneous rat model, compared to tissue treated with higher concentrations of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and commercial Glycar patches. GA, lower concentrations GAG and Glycar pericardium had high denaturation temperatures due to enhanced cross-linking. Tensile strength of GA tissue was significantly lower than GAG-treated or Glycar tissues, due to lower water content with resultant lower flexibility and suppleness. Pericardium treated with 0.01 M GAG gave acceptable denaturation temperatures, tensile strength and reduced calcification potential. All tissue treatments evoked comparable host immune responses, and no significant difference in resistance to enzymatic degradation. Ineffective stabilization and fixation of cross-links following GAG treatment, as well as limited penetration into the pericardium, resulted in GAG leaching out into the surrounding host tissue or storage medium, and prohibits safe clinical use of such tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van den Heever
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa.
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Kim HJ, Bae JW, Kim CH, Lee JW, Shin JW, Park KD. Acellular matrix of bovine pericardium bound with L-arginine. Biomed Mater 2007; 2:S111-6. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/2/3/s05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Oosthuysen A, Zilla PP, Human PA, Schmidt CAP, Bezuidenhout D. Bioprosthetic tissue preservation by filling with a poly(acrylamide) hydrogel. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2123-30. [PMID: 16263164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation has been used for more than 40 years as the preferred treatment to suppress immunogenicity and increase durability of bioprosthetic tissues (BPT) used in heart valve prostheses. This fixative and its reaction products have, however, been implicated in the calcific degeneration and long-term failure of these devices. The current study investigates stabilization of BPT and the mitigation/prevention of calcification by filling aortic wall samples with a synthetic poly(acrylamide) (pAAm) hydrogel, with and without pre-treatment with GA. Histological and gravimetric analysis showed full penetration of the acrylamide (AAm) into the fresh tissue, while only partial filling could be achieved with GA pre-fixed tissue. The observed decrease in amino-group content (0.157+/-0.012-0.123+/-0.021 micromol/mg, p<0.03) and corresponding increase in shrinkage temperature (67.2+/-0.8-78.1+/-1.8 degrees C, p<0.0001) when fresh tissue was filled, indicate the participation of tissue-amines in a process that leads to BPT crosslinking. These effects were much less pronounced when the tissue was pre-fixed with GA. Filling increased the tensile stiffness of fresh tissue (to levels half that of 0.2% GA fixed tissue), but decreased the stiffness of GA pre-fixed tissue. When compared to standard 0.2% GA fixed samples, fresh tissue filled with AAm showed 88% (p<0.0001) less calcification while exhibiting similar resistance toward degradation by protease. Filling did not result in significant decreases in calcification when the tissue was pre-fixed with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anel Oosthuysen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, 203 Cape Heart Centre, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
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Arenaz B, Maestro MM, Fernández P, Turnay J, Olmo N, Senén J, Mur JG, Lizarbe MA, Jorge-Herrero E. Effects of periodate and chondroitin 4-sulfate on proteoglycan stabilization of ostrich pericardium. Inhibition of calcification in subcutaneous implants in rats. Biomaterials 2004; 25:3359-68. [PMID: 15020108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of biological materials used in the manufacture of cardiac valves tends to reduce the relatively high degree of biodegradation and calcification of the implanted bioprostheses. The most widely used treatment to reduce biodegradability of the valves is glutaraldehyde fixation. However, this treatment is potentially toxic and induces tissue calcification. In order to minimize these undesirable effects, we have analyzed the effect of a pre-fixation of endogenous proteoglycans and exogenous glycosaminoglycans, as well as the borohydride reduction influence on the different modified ostrich pericardium implants after subcutaneous implantation in rats. The presence of calcific deposits was detected in all implanted GA-fixed samples; however, calcification was highly reduced in both groups of periodate-prefixed materials, which showed also a very low Ca/P molar ratio. Borohydride post-treatment of these biomaterials resulted in a significant increase in calcium phosphate precipitation, with the appearance of calcium deposits mainly in an amorphous form even though X-ray diffraction allowed the detection of brushite- and apatite-like crystals. Regarding tissue stability, no significant differences were found among the borohydride-untreated implants but higher levels of matrix metalloproteinases were observed by gelatin zymography in the periodate pre-fixed materials. This increase was partially reduced by pre-fixation of exogenous chondroitin 4-sulfate. On the other hand, borohydride post-treatment not only increased calcification, but also reduced tissue stability and increased the presence of matrix-degrading activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Arenaz
- Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Unidad de Biomateriales, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, San Martín de Porres 4, Madrid 28035, Spain
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12
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Jee KS, Kim YS, Park KD, Kim YH. A novel chemical modification of bioprosthetic tissues using L-arginine. Biomaterials 2003; 24:3409-16. [PMID: 12809769 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemical modification of biological tissues was developed by the direct coupling of bioactive molecule, L-arginine to bovine pericardium (BP). The modification involves pretreatment of BP using GA and followed by grafting arginine to BP by the reaction of residual aldehyde and amine group of L-arginine. BP was modified by direct coupling of bioactive molecules and the effect of L-arginine coupling on calcification and biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Modified BPs were characterized by measuring shrinkage temperature, mechanical properties, digestion resistance to collagenase enzyme, in vitro plasma protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, and in vivo calcification. Thermal and mechanical properties showed that the durability of arginine treated tissue increased as compared with fresh tissue and GA treated tissue. Resistance to collagenase digestion revealed that modified tissues have greater resistance to enzyme digestion than did fresh tissue and GA treated tissue. Lower protein adsorption and platelet adhesion were observed on modified tissue than non-modified tissue. In vivo calcification study demonstrated much less calcium deposition on arginine treated BP than GA treated one. Obtained results attest to the usefulness of L-arginine treated BP for cardiovascular bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soo Jee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Wonchon-Dong, Paldal-Gu, Suwon 442-749, South Korea
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Lee WK, Park KD, Han DK, Suh H, Park JC, Kim YH. Heparinized bovine pericardium as a novel cardiovascular bioprosthesis. Biomaterials 2000; 21:2323-30. [PMID: 11026639 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemical modification of biological tissues was developed by the direct coupling heparin to bovine pericardium (BP). The heparinization involves pretreatment of BP using GA and followed by grafting heparin to BP by the reaction of residual aldehyde and amine group of heparin. BP was modified by direct coupling of heparin and the effect of heparin coupling on calcification was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Heparinized BP was characterized by measuring shrinkage temperature, mechanical properties, digestion resistance to collagenase enzyme, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo calcification. Thermal and mechanical properties showed that the durability of heparin-treated tissue increased as compared with fresh tissue and GA-treated tissue. Resistance to collagenase digestion revealed that heparin-treated tissue has greater resistance to enzyme digestion than did fresh tissue and GA-treated tissue. Heparinized tissue had shown to be non-cytotoxic, however, relatively high cytotoxicity was observed in the GA-treated tissues due to the release of GA. In vivo calcification study demonstrated much less calcium deposition on heparin-treated BP than GA-treated one. Obtained results attest to the usefulness of heparinized BP for cardiovascular bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul , South Korea
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Vasudev SC, Moses LR, Sharma CP. Covalently bonded heparin to alter the pericardial calcification. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2000; 28:241-53. [PMID: 10852675 DOI: 10.3109/10731190009119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcification is the leading cause of failure of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular medical devices. In this study our aim was to immobilize polyethylene glycol (PEG) and heparin on multiple crosslinked bovine pericardium with Glutaraldehyde (GA) and carbodiimide. Grafting of PEG and heparin through an intermediate tissue bound substrate containing aldehyde and imide functional groups showed reduction in calcification. In this experimental protocol, we used Golomb and Wagner's in vitro model for studying pericardial calcification and a diffusion cell with two compartments for evaluating the diffusion of calcium across the BP. The results showed that heparin immobilization on the surface reduces calcification independent of its concentration in the incubating medium. It is conceivable that inactivation of unpaired aldehydic moieties present in pericardium after exposure to GA act as potential site for PEG grafting and imide functionalities of EDC can covalently bind heparin, would be the key step in the prevention of calcification. It is well-established fact that heparin has a potent antithrombotic effect. But the exact role of heparin in the anticalcification process of bioprostheses still remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Vasudev
- Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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Chanda J, Kuribayashi R, Abe T. Heparin coupling in inhibition of calcification of vascular bioprostheses. Biomaterials 1999; 20:1753-7. [PMID: 10509185 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory effect of heparin coupling on calcification of bioprosthetic vascular grafts of different origin was studied. Heparin-bonded (Hep) and 0.625% glutaraldehyde-cross-linked (GA) segments of porcine thoracic aorta (AO), pulmonary artery (PA), jugular vein (JV) and rabbit aorta (RA) were implanted subcutaneously in weanling rats for 5 months. Heparin bonding is ineffective in prevention of calcification of JV (Hep: Ca, 159 +/- 32.26 mg g-1; GA: Ca, 193.55 +/- 17.81; p = 0.075) and RA (Hep: Ca, 150.17 +/- 14.78; GA: Ca, 192.12 +/- 26.61; p = 0.015). Calcium content of heparin-coupled PA and AO was significantly less when compared with their GA-treated counterparts. Calcification inhibition was achieved to a greater extent in heparin-bonded PA (Hep: Ca = 22.62 +/- 5.72, GA: Ca = 115.99 +/- 21.91, p < 0.0001) than in the AO coupled to heparin (Hep: Ca = 63.77 +/- 22.75, GA: Ca = 150.40 +/- 35.21, p < 0.0001). Elastin fibers were the predominant site of calcification in all explanted vascular grafts. Heparin-bonded porcine pulmonary artery is seemed to be the best among all vascular bioprostheses in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
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