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Yoshizawa K, Jelezcova E, Brown AR, Foley JF, Nyska A, Cui X, Hofseth LJ, Maronpot RM, Wilson SH, Sepulveda AR, Sobol RW. Gastrointestinal hyperplasia with altered expression of DNA polymerase beta. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6493. [PMID: 19654874 PMCID: PMC2716528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered expression of DNA polymerase β (Pol β) has been documented in a large percentage of human tumors. However, tumor prevalence or predisposition resulting from Pol β over-expression has not yet been evaluated in a mouse model. Methodology/Principal Findings We have recently developed a novel transgenic mouse model that over-expresses Pol β. These mice present with an elevated incidence of spontaneous histologic lesions, including cataracts, hyperplasia of Brunner's gland and mucosal hyperplasia in the duodenum. In addition, osteogenic tumors in mice tails, such as osteoma and osteosarcoma were detected. This is the first report of elevated tumor incidence in a mouse model of Pol β over-expression. These findings prompted an evaluation of human gastrointestinal tumors with regard to Pol β expression. We observed elevated expression of Pol β in stomach adenomas and thyroid follicular carcinomas, but reduced Pol β expression in esophageal adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas. Conclusions/Significance These data support the hypothesis that balanced and proficient base excision repair protein expression and base excision repair capacity is required for genome stability and protection from hyperplasia and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elena Jelezcova
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ashley R. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie F. Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Maronpot
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samuel H. Wilson
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Antonia R. Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lacoste-Collin L, Jozan S, Cances-Lauwers V, Pipy B, Gasset G, Caratero C, Courtade-Saïdi M. Effect of Continuous Irradiation with a Very Low Dose of Gamma Rays on Life Span and the Immune System in SJL Mice Prone to B-Cell Lymphoma. Radiat Res 2007; 168:725-32. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Ponzio NM, Servatius R, Beck K, Marzouk A, Kreider T. Cytokine levels during pregnancy influence immunological profiles and neurobehavioral patterns of the offspring. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:118-28. [PMID: 17804539 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The underlying causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are unknown, but clinical and experimental studies indicate immune mechanisms, in general, and cytokine dysregulation, in particular, as contributing factors in their etiology. We developed a prenatal mouse model of autism to demonstrate that circulating levels of defined cytokines in pregnant dams could influence fetal development and behavioral characteristics in their offspring. We administered daily injections of murine IL-2 (0.4 mug in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) to pregnant mice during mid-gestation, and analyzed their offspring (IL-2 pups) in comparison to offspring of pregnant mice injected with vehicle only (PBS pups). Significant levels of IL-2 were present in amniotic fluid and tissues from embryos of dams given radiolabeled IL-2, indicating that the injected IL-2 crossed the placenta and entered the fetuses. Lymphocytes from IL-2 pups demonstrated accelerated T cell development, with a skewing toward TH1 cell differentiation. IL-2 pups also showed in vitro proliferative and cytotoxicity responses that were significantly higher than control PBS pups when stimulated with syngeneic B lymphoma cells or allogeneic spleen cells. In addition to their previously shown increases in open-field activity, grooming and rearing behavior, offspring of IL-2-injected (vs. PBS-injected) dams also displayed abnormal new motor learning as assessed through acquisition of the classically conditioned eyeblink response. These results suggest that increases in maternal levels of IL-2 during pregnancy induce in their offspring long-lasting increased vulnerability to neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with autism, and provide a valid animal model to determine the underlying immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Ponzio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-induced immunity prevents growth of germinal center-derived B lymphoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:2057-68. [PMID: 17161362 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) ISS 1018 was tested in a murine B cell lymphoma model. Previous studies showed that the B lymphoma cells of SJL mice stimulate vigorous proliferation of host CD4(+) TH cells that is unaccompanied by development of tumor-specific CTL. In the presence of ISS 1018, however, tumor cells stimulated high levels of CTL activity in vitro, and this cytotoxic activity was inhibited when anti-IL-12 mAb was added to the cultures. Tumor cells pre-incubated with ISS 1018 were also able to generate CTL without addition of exogenous ODN, and FACS analysis revealed that following incubation with ISS 1018 for 24 h, tumor cells exhibited upregulation of MHC I, MHC II, and co-stimulatory molecule CD80. Finally, tumor-injected mice treated with ISS 1018 showed significantly less growth of tumor cells in lymph nodes and spleen, and exhibited prolonged survival compared to mice treated with a control ODN. The documented effects of CpG ODNs to stimulate cytokines, such as IL-12, from antigen presenting cells, and to upregulate expression of MHC Class I and Class II, as well as co-stimulatory molecules on tumor cells, are also the likely mechanisms by which CTL are generated by ISS 1018 in the SJL B cell lymphoma model.
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Smyth MJ, Dunn GP, Schreiber RD. Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting: The Roles of Immunity in Suppressing Tumor Development and Shaping Tumor Immunogenicity. Adv Immunol 2006; 90:1-50. [PMID: 16730260 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(06)90001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular transformation and tumor development result from an accumulation of mutational and epigenetic changes that alter normal cell growth and survival pathways. For the last 100 years, there has been a vigorous debate as to whether the unmanipulated immune system can detect and eliminate such altered host derived cells despite the fact that cancer cells frequently express either abnormal proteins or abnormal levels of normal cellular proteins that function as tumor antigens. In this review, we discuss the current state of this argument and point out some of the recent key experiments demonstrating that immunity not only protects the host from cancer development (i.e., provides a cancer immunosurveillance function) but also can promote tumor growth, sometimes by generating more aggressive tumors. The terminology "cancer immunoediting" has been used to describe this dual host protective and tumor promoting action of immunity, and herein we summarize the ever-increasing experimental and clinical data that support the validity of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Smyth
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia
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Andersen S, Ericsson M, Dai HY, Peña-Diaz J, Slupphaug G, Nilsen H, Aarset H, Krokan HE. Monoclonal B-cell hyperplasia and leukocyte imbalance precede development of B-cell malignancies in uracil-DNA glycosylase deficient mice. DNA Repair (Amst) 2005; 4:1432-41. [PMID: 16174566 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ung-deficient mice have reduced class switch recombination, skewed somatic hypermutation, lymphatic hyperplasia and a 22-fold increased risk of developing B-cell lymphomas. We find that lymphomas are of follicular (FL) and diffuse large B-cell type (DLBCL). All FLs and 75% of the DLBCLs were monoclonal while 25% were biclonal. Monoclonality was also observed in hyperplasia, and could represent an early stage of lymphoma development. Lymphoid hyperplasia occurs very early in otherwise healthy Ung-deficient mice, observed as a significant increase of splenic B-cells. Furthermore, loss of Ung also causes a significant reduction of T-helper cells, and 50% of the young Ung(-/-) mice investigated have no detectable NK/NKT-cell population in their spleen. The immunological imbalance is confirmed in experiments with spleen cells where the production of the cytokines interferon gamma, interleukin 6 and interleukin 2 is clearly different in wild type and in Ung-deficient mice. This suggests that Ung-proteins, directly or indirectly, have important functions in the immune system, not only in the process of antibody maturation, but also for production and functions of immunologically important cell types. The immunological imbalances shown here in the Ung-deficient mice may be central in the development of lymphomas in a background of generalised lymphoid hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Andersen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
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Abstract
During the last few years, our knowledge about the activation and control of non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted innate effector lymphocytes (such as natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells and gammadelta T cells) has advanced enormously and immunotherapeutic strategies based on these cell types receive more and more attention. Apart from NK cells, several lines of evidence indicate that T cells, which express an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) composed of a CD3-associated gammadelta heterodimer, also contribute to the innate immune defense against tumors. Human gammadelta T cells represent a small subset of T cells (1-10% of peripheral blood T cells) and differ from conventional MHC-restricted ass T cells in recognition of a unique set of antigens ("phosphoantigens") and the lack of requirement of classical antigen-presenting molecules. Besides their role in the innate immune response against pathogens based on the recognition of distinctive microbial metabolic products (metabolites of the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid synthesis), Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells that constitute the dominant fraction of gammadelta T cells in humans exert potent cytotoxic activity, especially against lymphoid malignancies, mediated by as yet only partially determined pathway(s) of tumor recognition. This article will review available evidence from pre-clinical and early clinical studies regarding the contribution of gammadelta T cells in the defense against lymphoid malignancies and highlights some important issues that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kunzmann
- Medizinische Poliklinik Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Klinikstrasse 6-8, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Simmons WJ, Koneru M, Mohindru M, Thomas R, Cutro S, Singh P, Dekruyff RH, Inghirami G, Coyle AJ, Kim BS, Ponzio NM. Tim-3+ T-bet+ tumor-specific Th1 cells colocalize with and inhibit development and growth of murine neoplasms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:1405-15. [PMID: 15661898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although T cells infiltrate many types of murine and human neoplasms, in many instances tumor-specific cytotoxicity is not observed. Strategies to stimulate CTL-mediated antitumor immunity have included in vitro stimulation and/or genetic engineering of T cells, followed by adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing hosts. In this model of B cell lymphoma in SJL/J mice, we used Tim-3(+) T-bet(+) Th1 cells to facilitate the development of tumor-specific CTL. Tumor-specific Th1 cell lines were polarized with IL-12 during in vitro stimulation and long term maintenance. As few as 5 million Tim-3(+) T-bet(+) Th1 cells enabled recipients to resist growth of malignant transplantable cells. In addition, similar numbers of Th1 cells injected into 2- to 3-mo-old mice inhibited development of the spontaneous primary lymphomas, which normally arise in 90% of aging mice. CFSE(+) Th1 cells colocalized with injected tumor cells in vivo and formed conjugates with the tumor cells within follicles, whereas in nontumor-challenged recipients the CFSE(+) Th1 cells localized only within the T cell zones of the spleen. These results provide evidence that adoptive immunotherapy with Tim-3(+) T-bet(+) tumor-specific Th1 cells can be used to induce host cytotoxic responses that inhibit the development and growth of neoplastic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Coculture Techniques
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- NFATC Transcription Factors
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis
- T-Box Domain Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/pathology
- Th1 Cells/transplantation
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Simmons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School Biomedical Sciences, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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Street SEA, Hayakawa Y, Zhan Y, Lew AM, MacGregor D, Jamieson AM, Diefenbach A, Yagita H, Godfrey DI, Smyth MJ. Innate immune surveillance of spontaneous B cell lymphomas by natural killer cells and gammadelta T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:879-84. [PMID: 15007091 PMCID: PMC2212720 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have demonstrated that innate lymphocytes play a major role in preventing spontaneous tumor formation. We evaluated the development of spontaneous tumors in mice lacking β-2 microglobulin (β2m; and thus MHC class I, CD1d, and CD16) and/or perforin, since these tumor cells would be expected to activate innate effector cells. Approximately half the cohort of perforin gene-targeted mice succumbed to spontaneous disseminated B cell lymphomas and in mice that also lacked β2m, the lymphomas developed earlier (by more than 100 d) and with greater incidence (84%). B cell lymphomas from perforin/β2m gene-targeted mice effectively primed cell-mediated cytotoxicity and perforin, but not IFN-γ, IL-12, or IL-18, was absolutely essential for tumor rejection. Activated NK1.1+ and γδTCR+ T cells were abundant at the tumor site, and transplanted tumors were strongly rejected by either, or both, of these cell types. Blockade of a number of different known costimulatory pathways failed to prevent tumor rejection. These results reflect a critical role for NK cells and γδTCR+ T cells in innate immune surveillance of B cell lymphomas, mediated by as yet undetermined pathway(s) of tumor recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna E A Street
- Cancer Immunology Program, Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Peter Mac), 8006, Victoria, Australia
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Smyth MJ, Hayakawa Y, Takeda K, Yagita H. New aspects of natural-killer-cell surveillance and therapy of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2002; 2:850-61. [PMID: 12415255 DOI: 10.1038/nrc928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Smyth
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne 8006, Australia.
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Wajchman J, Simmons WJ, Klein A, Koneru M, Ponzio NM. Interleukin-12-induced cytotoxicity against syngeneic B cell lymphomas of SJL/J mice. Leuk Res 2002; 26:577-90. [PMID: 12007506 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The B cell lymphomas (RCS) that develop spontaneously in 90% of aging SJL/J mice stimulate syngeneic CD4+ Vbeta16+ Th2 cells to produce cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, which promote lymphoma growth. Although RCS cells express a unique superantigen (vSAg) encoded by an endogenous MMTV (Mtv-29) provirus that also elicits IFN-gamma production from naïve syngeneic lymphoid cells, there is no development of RCS-specific cytotoxicity. However, addition of IL-12 to co-cultures of SJL spleen and irradiated (gamma-)RCS cells resulted in the appearance of effector cells that killed RCS and NK-susceptible target cells. Antibody depletion studies revealed at least two types of RCS/IL-12-induced cytotoxic cells: (1) NK cells (Asialo GM1+) and (2) CD8+ CTL. Despite high titers of IFN-gamma in the SN of co-culture of SJL spleen and gamma-RCS cells, cytotoxicity only developed if IL-12 was also included in the co-cultures. The results of RNAse protection assays and multi-parameter FACS analysis demonstrated an upregulation of IFN-gamma and decrease in IL-4 by activated Th cells in co-cultures with IL-12. These results indicate that inclusion of IL-12 in primary co-cultures of SJL spleen and gamma-RCS cells influences the qualitative nature of the response to favor use of RCS-responsive Th1 rather than Th2 cells to facilitate the production of cytotoxic effector cells. Results of in vivo experiments support this hypothesis, as judged by tumor growth assays and FACS analysis of the tumor cell content of lymphoid tissues. Inhibition of lymphoma growth was observed in mice given gamma-RCS/IL-12-induced effector cells prior to injection of viable RCS cells. These results demonstrate that IL-12 can be used to alter the host immune response leading to induction of cytotoxic effector cells that inhibit the development and/or progressive growth of otherwise resistant B cell lymphomas in SJL/J mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wajchman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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12
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Sen N, Simmons WJ, Thomas RM, Erianne G, Zhang DJ, Jaeggli NS, Huang C, Xiong X, Tsiagbe VK, Ponzio NM, Thorbecke GJ. META-controlled env-initiated transcripts encoding superantigens of murine Mtv29 and Mtv7 and their possible role in B cell lymphomagenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5422-9. [PMID: 11313379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas of SJL mice (RCS) transcribe a 1.8-kb Mtv-29 mRNA under control of the META-env promoter. The encoded vSAg29 stimulates syngeneic Vbeta16(+) CD4(+) T cells, thereby acquiring T cell help necessary for RCS growth. Other strains of B cell lymphoma-prone mice include Mtv29(+) C57L and MA/MyJ, and the Mtv29(-) Mtv7(+)-recombinant inbred strain, SW x J-1. The lymphomas of these mice produce similar mouse mtv-vSAg-encoding mRNA, as characterized by Northern blotting, PCR, and RNase protection. A 1.8-kb mRNA in C57L/J and MA/MyJ lymphomas hybridized with an Mtv29-specific oligonucleotide, whereas SW x J-1 lymphomas produced 1.8-kb transcripts hybridizing with an Mtv7-specific oligonucleotide. Similar META-env-initiated transcripts were absent from LPS-activated B cells from any strain examined but were detected in Peyer's patch RNA from SJL mice. Like typical SJL-derived RCS, all these lymphomas stimulated syngeneic CD4(+) T cells and Vbeta16(+) T hybridoma cells. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumors showed the presence of peanut agglutinin binding (PNA(+)) highly mitotic lymphoblasts, suggesting their GC derivation. The findings indicate that this novel mRNA for Mtv29 is present in B cell lymphomas from several Mtv29(+) mouse strains. Additionally, this is the first description of the ability of Mtv7 to produce transcripts that are controlled and spliced identically to those of Mtv29 and that are expressed in SW x J-1, I-A(s+), lymphomas that also stimulate Vbeta16(+) T cells. Our results suggest an important role for mouse mtv-vSAgs and Vbeta16 T cell stimulation in the development of GC-derived murine B cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Crosses, Genetic
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/immunology
- Female
- Genes, env/immunology
- Hybridomas
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Retroviridae Infections/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/immunology
- Retroviridae Infections/pathology
- Species Specificity
- Superantigens/genetics
- Superantigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sen
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Ponzio NM, Thorbecke GJ. Requirement for reverse immune surveillance for the growth of germinal center-derived murine lymphomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2000; 10:331-40. [PMID: 11100880 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.2000.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of reverse immune surveillance, first conceived over 12 years ago, described the relationship that existed between germinal center-derived B cell lymphoma cells and the host immune system in SjL/J mice. According to reverse immune surveillance, recognition of tumor cell antigens and a response by the host immune system is required for tumor growth. The phenomenon of reverse immune surveillance related to B cell lymphomas has recently also been characterized in another inbred mouse strain, C57L/J. Moreover, elements of reverse immune surveillance have been observed in several other mouse strains that develop B cell lymphomas, suggesting that this lymphomagenic mechanism may be more common than first envisioned. In SJL and C57L mice, the B lymphoma cells express an MMTV-encoded superantigen (vSAg29) that stimulates syngeneic CD4+ T cells bearing Vbeta16 in their TCR. In contrast to the mRNAs for other MMTVs in normal mouse B cells, vSAg29 mRNA initiates in the env (META) region, undergoes splicing in the 3' env region, and continues through the 3' LTR. Copious cytokine production, including IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 accompanies the response of the T cells to this vSAg. In addition to cytokines produced by vSAg-responsive T cells, more recent evidence indicates that another cytokine, LTalphabeta2, which is expressed on the lymphoma cell surface, also plays a role in the promotion of the B cell lymphoma growth. It is possible that interaction with LTbeta-R on follicular dendritic cells or other stromal elements facilitates tumor growth by preventing apoptosis of the malignant B cells. To what degree these findings in the mouse are relevant to the development and/or growth of human B lymphoma cells remains to be determined. However, endogenous retroviral sequences do exist in the human genome. Interestingly, some of these sequences are homologous to MMTV, and are transcribed in B lymphoblastoid cells. Moreover microorganisms that are infectious for human B cells, such as EBV and Herpes Virus 8, may also produce superantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ponzio
- Department of Pathology, UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark 07103, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Herberman
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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