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Teng M, Wang J, Su X, Hu J, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Li M. Associations between immune cells signatures and osteoarthritis: An integrated analysis of bidirectional Mendelian randomization and Bayesian colocalization. Cytokine 2024; 179:156633. [PMID: 38733947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have explored the associations between immune cell signatures and osteoarthritis (OA); however, causality remains unclear. This study employs an integrated analysis, combining bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian colocalization (Coloc), to investigate causal relationships between 731 immune cells signatures and OA, identifying shared causal variants. METHODS Utilizing publicly available summary data, this study primarily employs inverse variance weighting (IVW). Supplementary methods include MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weight mode, and simple mode. Various sensitivity tests, including Cochran's Q test, MR pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier, and leave-one-out tests, were conducted to assess the robustness of the analysis results. Coloc was employed to identify shared causal genetic variants among potential associations. RESULTS IVW analysis revealed 196 immune cell signatures potentially linked to OA across diverse subtypes. Reverse MR analyses indicated the causal impact of OA on the levels of 140 immune cell signatures, with subtype-specific variations. Notably, several specific associations, including CD64 on CD14-CD16 + monocyte for Hip OA (OR = 1.0593, 95 % CI: 1.0260-1.0938, P = 0.0004), HLA-DR on CD14 + CD16- monocyte (OR = 0.9664, 95 % CI: 0.9497-0.9834, P = 0.0001), HLA-DR on CD14 + monocyte (OR = 0.9680, 95 % CI: 0.9509-0.9853, P = 0.0003) in the Knee or Hip OA, PDL-1 on CD14-CD16 + monocyte by All OA (OR = 1.7091, 95 %CI:1.2494-2.3378, P = 0.0008), and herpesvirus entry mediator on effector memory CD4 + T cell by Spine OA (OR = 0.5200, 95 %CI:0.3577-0.7561, P = 0.0006) remained significant post-Bonferroni correction. Sensitivity tests validated the credibility of the IVW analysis. Additionally, Coloc revealed several potential associations among shared genetic variants, including rs115328872, rs1800973, and rs317667. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the potential involvement of immune cell signatures in OA development, revealing avenues for early prevention and innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Adedeji AO, Zhong F, Getz JA, Zhong Z, Halpern W. Neutropenia in Cynomolgus Monkeys With Anti-Drug Antibodies Associated With Administration of Afucosylated Humanized Monoclonal Antibodies. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:910-919. [PMID: 36329562 PMCID: PMC9806483 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221131510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Removal of the core fucose from the Fc region of humanized monoclonal antibodies (afucosylated antibodies) enhances their antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity activities in killing cancer cells. Based on the authors' experience and literature, administrations of afucosylated antibodies have been associated with neutropenia in cynomolgus monkeys. However, in a recent general toxicology study conducted with an afucosylated antibody in cynomolgus monkeys, transient neutropenia was observed and correlated with the emergence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in the affected animals. To further explore the relationship between neutropenia, afucosylated antibodies, and ADAs in cynomolgus monkeys, we performed an investigational retrospective meta-analysis of data from general toxicology studies conducted with Genentech's therapeutic antibodies administered to cynomolgus monkeys between 2005 and 2021. In this analysis, transient neutropenia strongly correlated with ADA-induced inflammation in cynomolgus monkeys administered afucosylated antibodies. This may reflect the simultaneous occurrence of two distinct processes of neutrophil elimination and utilization, thus overwhelming bone marrow reserve capacity leading to transient neutropenia. The integrated analysis of immunogenicity, and anatomic and clinical pathology results from these studies highlights the correlation of transient neutropenia in cynomolgus monkeys with ADA-related inflammation, potentially exacerbated by enhanced effector function of afucosylated antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O. Adedeji
- Genentech, South San Francisco,
California, USA,Adeyemi O. Adedeji, Safety Assessment,
Genentech (a member of the Roche Group), 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA
94080, USA.
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech, South San Francisco,
California, USA
| | | | - Zoe Zhong
- Genentech, South San Francisco,
California, USA
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Bonini A, Carota AG, Poma N, Vivaldi FM, Biagini D, Bottai D, Lenzi A, Tavanti A, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Emerging Biosensing Technologies towards Early Sepsis Diagnosis and Management. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:894. [PMID: 36291031 PMCID: PMC9599348 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory dysfunction strictly associated with infectious diseases, which represents an important health issue whose incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Nowadays, sepsis is considered as one of the main causes of death that mainly affects critically ill patients in clinical settings, with a higher prevalence in low-income countries. Currently, sepsis management still represents an important challenge, since the use of traditional techniques for the diagnosis does not provide a rapid response, which is crucial for an effective infection management. Biosensing systems represent a valid alternative due to their characteristics such as low cost, portability, low response time, ease of use and suitability for point of care/need applications. This review provides an overview of the infectious agents associated with the development of sepsis and the host biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. Special focus is given to the new emerging biosensing technologies using electrochemical and optical transduction techniques for sepsis diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Gilda Carota
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Maria Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Bottai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Tavanti
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Veloso P, Fernández A, Astorga J, González-Quintanilla D, Castro A, Escobar A, Hoare A, Hernández M. Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis, but Not from Porphyromonas endodontalis, Induces Macrophage M1 Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710011. [PMID: 36077408 PMCID: PMC9456100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical Lesions of Endodontic Origin (ALEO) are initiated by polymicrobial endodontic canal infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Porphyromonas endodontalis (Pe) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce a pro-inflammatory macrophage response through their recognition by TLR2 and TLR4. However, polarization responses induced by Pg and/or Pe LPS in macrophages are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the polarization profiles of macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells following Pg and/or Pe LPS stimulation from reference strain and clinical isolates. A modified LPS purification protocol was implemented and the electrophoretic LPS profiles were characterized. THP-1 human monocytes differentiated to macrophages were stimulated with Pg and Pe LPS. Polarization profiles were characterized through cell surface markers and secreted cytokines levels after 24 h of stimulation. TLR2 and TLR4 cell surfaces and transcriptional levels were determined after 24 or 2 h of LPS stimulation, respectively. LPS from Pg induced a predominant M1 profile in macrophages evidenced by changes in the expression of the surface marker CD64 and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Pe LPS was unable to induce a significant response. TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were neither modified by Pg or Pe LPS. Pg LPS, but not Pe LPS, induced a macrophage M1 Profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Veloso
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Alejandra Fernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Jessica Astorga
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - David González-Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- School of Health Sciences, Dentistry, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2580022, Chile
| | - Alfredo Castro
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Ajmeriya S, Kumar A, Karmakar S, Rana S, Singh H. Neutralizing Antibodies and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in COVID-19: A Perspective. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:671-687. [PMID: 35136306 PMCID: PMC8814804 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is an alternative route of viral entry in the susceptible host cell. In this process, antiviral antibodies enhance the entry access of virus in the cells via interaction with the complement or Fc receptors leading to the worsening of infection. SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a general concern for the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that may fail to neutralize infection, raising the possibility of a more severe form of COVID-19. Data from various studies on respiratory viruses raise the speculation that antibodies elicited against SARS-CoV-2 and during COVID-19 recovery could potentially exacerbate the infection through ADE at sub-neutralizing concentrations; this may contribute to disease pathogenesis. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to study the effectiveness of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19-infected subjects. Theoretically, ADE remains a general concern for the efficacy of antibodies elicited during infection, most notably in convalescent plasma therapy and in response to vaccines where it could be counterproductive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Ajmeriya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Room no 3020, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
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Zhao L, Jia Y, Liu Y, Han B, Wang J, Jiang X. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer Based on TCGA Database. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:629-639. [PMID: 34387764 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a cluster of aberrant promoter methylation changes associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes in thyroid cancer (TC), but these results of individual genes are far from enough. In this work, we aimed to investigate the onset and pattern of methylation changes during the progression of TC by informatics analysis. We downloaded the DNA methylation and RNA sequencing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas focusing on TC. Abnormally methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and pathways were analyzed. The KEGG and GO were then used to perform enrichment and functional analysis of identified pathways and genes. Gene-drug interaction network and human protein atlas were applied to obtain feature DNA methylation biomarkers. In total, we identified 2170 methylation-driven DEGs, including 1054 hypermethylatedlow-expression DEGs and 1116 hypomethylated-high-expression DEGs at the screening step. Further analysis screened total of eight feature DNA methylation biomarkers (RXRG, MET, PDGFRA, FCGR3A, VEGFA, CSF1R, FCGR1A and C1QA). Pathway analysis showed that aberrantly methylated DEGs mainly associated with transcriptional misregulation in cancer, MAPK signaling, and intrinsic apoptotic signaling in TC. Taken together, we have identified novel aberrantly methylated genes and pathways linked to TC, which might serve as novel biomarkers for precision diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Baoling Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No. 24, Fu-Kang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Macrophage hypophagia as a mechanism of innate immune exhaustion in mAb-induced cell clearance. Blood 2021; 136:2065-2079. [PMID: 32556153 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is a major cytotoxic mechanism for both therapeutic unconjugated monoclonal Abs (mAbs) such as rituximab and Ab-induced hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. Here, we studied the mechanisms controlling the rate and capacity of macrophages to carry out ADCP in settings of high target/effector cell ratios, such as those seen in patients with circulating tumor burden in leukemic phase disease. Using quantitative live-cell imaging of primary human and mouse macrophages, we found that, upon initial challenge with mAb-opsonized lymphocytes, macrophages underwent a brief burst (<1 hour) of rapid phagocytosis, which was then invariably followed by a sharp reduction in phagocytic activity that could persist for days. This previously unknown refractory period of ADCP, or hypophagia, was observed in all macrophage, mAb, and target cell conditions tested in vitro and was also seen in vivo in Kupffer cells from mice induced to undergo successive rounds of αCD20 mAb-dependent clearance of circulating B cells. Importantly, hypophagia had no effect on Ab-independent phagocytosis and did not alter macrophage viability. In mechanistic studies, we found that the rapid loss of activating Fc receptors from the surface and their subsequent proteolytic degradation were the primary mechanisms responsible for the loss of ADCP activity in hypophagia. These data suggest hypophagia is a critical limiting step in macrophage-mediated clearance of cells via ADCP, and understanding such limitations to innate immune system cytotoxic capacity will aid in the development of mAb regimens that could optimize ADCP and improve patient outcome.
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Mokhtar DM, Abdelhafez EA. An overview of the structural and functional aspects of immune cells in teleosts. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:399-414. [PMID: 33415722 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of fish consists of two main components, innate and adaptive immunities. Innate immunity is non-specific and acts as the primary line of protection against pathogen invasion, while adaptive immunity is more specific to a certain pathogen/following adaptation. The adaptive immune system consists of the humoral and cellular components. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cells are the major component of the cellular immunity that frequently kills viral-, bacterial- or parasitic-infected cells. According to the anatomical location, the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in teleost fish subdivides into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT), and skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). The MALTs contain various leukocytes; including, but not limited to, lymphocytes (T and B cells), plasma cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. Macrophages are multifunctional cells that are mainly involved in the immune response, including; phagocytosis and degradation of foreign antigens, tissue remodeling, and production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. An interesting feature of teleost macrophages is their ability to form melanomacrophage centers (MMC) in the hemopoietic tissues. Dendritic cells, rodlet cells, mast cells, eosinophilic granular cells (ECGs), telocytes, osteoclasts, club cells, as well as, barrier cells have been recorded in many fish species and have many immunological roles. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of the immune cells present in fish tissues serving as anatomical and physiological barriers against external hazards. Increased knowledge of fish immune systems will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Enas A Abdelhafez
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Amiah MA, Ouattara A, Okou DT, N'Guetta SPA, Yavo W. Polymorphisms in Fc Gamma Receptors and Susceptibility to Malaria in an Endemic Population. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561142. [PMID: 33281811 PMCID: PMC7689034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated infections by Plasmodium falciparum result in a humoral response that could reduce disease symptoms and prevent the development of clinical malaria. The principal mechanism underlying this humoral response is that immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds directly to the parasites, thus causing their neutralization. However, the action of antibodies alone is not always sufficient to eliminate pathogens from an organism. One key element involved in the recognition of IgG that plays a crucial role in the destruction of the parasites responsible for spreading malaria is the family of Fc gamma receptors. These receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells. Several polymorphisms have been detected in the genes encoding these receptors, associated with susceptibility or resistance to malaria in different populations. In this review, we describe identified polymorphisms within the family of Fc gamma receptors and the impact of these variations on the response of a host to infection as well as provide new perspectives for the design of an effective vaccine for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ahou Amiah
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Amed Ouattara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - David Tea Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N'Guetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - William Yavo
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Xu JL, Guo Y. FCGR1A Serves as a Novel Biomarker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Four Cancer Types. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:581615. [PMID: 33344503 PMCID: PMC7744780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.581615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FCGR1A encodes a protein that plays an important role in the immune response. The prognostic impact and immune infiltration of FCGR1A in heterogeneous cancers remain unclear. METHODS Differential expression of FCGR1A between tumor and normal tissues and the discrepancies in overall survival (OS) among diverse cancer types were performed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The correlation between FCGR1A and immune cells or gene marker sets of immune infiltrates was analyzed via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to explore the function and related genes of FCGR1A. The relationships among these genes were further analyzed by TIMER. RESULTS FCGR1A is highly expressed in various cancer types. FCGR1A was significantly correlated with the OS of cervical and endocervical cancer (CESC), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) (P < 0.05). High expression of FCGR1A meant a better prognosis besides KIRC. FCGR1A showed significant differences at different stages of KIRC and SKCM (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FCGR1A was notably associated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in the four cancers (P < 0.05). FCGR1A also showed close relevance with different immune gene markers. The copy number variation of FCGR1A significantly influenced the abundance of immune infiltration in KIRC and SKCM. GO, KEGG analysis, and PPI network analysis revealed that FCGR1A is involved in many pathophysiological processes and was most related to FCGR3A. And this gene indicated highly significant positive correlations with FCGR1A in four cancers. CONCLUSION FCGR1A may be a potential prognostic biomarker and related to immune infiltration levels in diverse cancers, especially in CESC, CHOL, KIRC, and SKCM. Besides, FCGR1A may be involved in the activation, regulation, or induction of immune cells and diverse physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-li Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mokhtar DM. WITHDRAWN: Structural, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cell composition of the head kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020:S1050-4648(20)30433-2. [PMID: 32619628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Egypt
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12
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Jiemy WF, Hiew LF, Sha HX, In LLA, Hwang JS. Evaluation of Hydra HALT-1 as a toxin moiety for recombinant immunotoxin. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 32552895 PMCID: PMC7301450 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotoxin is a hybrid protein consisting of a toxin moiety that is linked to a targeting moiety for the purpose of specific elimination of target cells. Toxins used in traditional immunotoxins are practically difficult to be produced in large amount, have poor tissue penetration and a complex internalization process. We hypothesized that the smaller HALT-1, a cytolysin derived from Hydra magnipapillata, can be used as the toxin moiety in construction of a recombinant immunotoxin. Results In this study, pro-inflammatory macrophage was selected as the target cell due to its major roles in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. We aimed to construct macrophage-targeted recombinant immunotoxins by combining HALT-1 with anti-CD64-scFv in two orientations, and to assess whether their cytotoxic activity and binding capability could be preserved upon molecular fusion. The recombinant immunotoxins, HALT-1-scFv and scFv-HALT-1, were successfully constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Our data showed that HALT-1 still exhibited significant cytotoxicity against CD64+ and CD64− cell lines upon fusion with anti-CD64 scFv, although it had half cytotoxic activity as compared to HALT-1 alone. As positioning HALT-1 at N- or C-terminus did not affect its potency, the two constructs demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activities with IC50 lower in CD64+ cell line than in CD64− cell line. In contrast, the location of targeting moieties anti-CD64 scFv at C-terminal end was crucial in maintaining the scFv binding capability. Conclusions HALT-1 could be fused with anti-CD64-scFv via a fsexible polypeptide linker. Upon the successful production of this recombinant HALT-1 scFv fusion protein, HALT-1 was proven effective for killing two human cell lines. Hence, this preliminary study strongly suggested that HALT-1 holds potential as the toxin moiety in therapeutic cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jiemy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lih Fhung Hiew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hong Xi Sha
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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13
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Abstract
Receptors recognizing the Fc-part of immunoglobulins (FcR) are important in the engagement of phagocytes with opsonized micro-organisms, but they also play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Different FcRs are specifically recognizing and binding the different classes of immunoglobulins, transmitting different signals into the cell. The function of IgG (FcγR's) and IgA (FcαR) recognizing receptors is controlled by cellular signals evoked by activation of heterologous receptors in a process generally referred to as inside-out control. This concept is clearly described for the regulation of integrin receptors. Inside-out control can be achieved at different levels by modulation of: (i) receptor affinity, (ii) receptor avidity/valency, (iii) interaction with signaling chains, (iv) interaction with other receptors and (v) localization in functionally different membrane domains. The inside-out control of FcRs is an interesting target for novel therapy by therapeutical antibodies as it can potentiate or decrease the functionality of the response to the antibodies depending on the mechanisms of the diseases they are applied for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Pentecost AE, Witherel CE, Gogotsi Y, Spiller KL. Anti-inflammatory effects of octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond on primary human macrophages. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2131-2143. [PMID: 28875995 PMCID: PMC5719499 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by excessive pro-inflammatory or "M1" activation of macrophages, the primary cells of the innate immune system. Current treatments include delivery of glucocorticoids (e.g. dexamethasone - Dex), which reduce pro-inflammatory M1 behaviour in macrophages. However, these treatments have many off-target effects on cells other than macrophages, resulting in broad immunosuppression. To limit such side effects, drug-incorporated nano- and microparticles may be used to selectively target macrophages via phagocytosis, because of their roles as highly effective phagocytes in the body. In this study, surface-modified nanodiamond (ND) was explored as a platform for the delivery of dexamethasone to macrophages because of ND's rich surface chemistry, which contributes to ND's high potential as a versatile drug delivery platform. After finding that octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) enhanced adsorption of Dex compared to carboxylated ND, the effects of Dex, ND-ODA, and Dex-adsorbed ND-ODA on primary human macrophage gene expression were characterized. Surprisingly, even in the absence of Dex, ND-ODA had strong anti-inflammatory effects, as determined by multiplex gene expression via NanoString and by protein secretion analysis via ELISA. ND-ODA also inhibited expression of M2a markers yet increased the expression of M2c markers and phagocytic receptors. Interestingly, the adsorption of Dex to ND-ODA further increased some anti-inflammatory effects, but abrogated the effect on phagocytic receptors, compared to its individual components. Overall, the ability of ND-ODA to promote anti-inflammatory and pro-phagocytic behaviour in macrophages, even in the absence of loaded drugs, suggests its potential for use as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic to directly target macrophages through phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pentecost
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Akinrinmade OA, Chetty S, Daramola AK, Islam MU, Thepen T, Barth S. CD64: An Attractive Immunotherapeutic Target for M1-type Macrophage Mediated Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5030056. [PMID: 28895912 PMCID: PMC5618314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no curative therapy is available for the treatment of most chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or autoimmune disorders. Current treatments require a lifetime supply for patients to alleviate clinical symptoms and are unable to stop the course of disease. In contrast, a new series of immunotherapeutic agents targeting the Fc γ receptor I (CD64) have emerged and demonstrated significant clinical potential to actually resolving chronic inflammation driven by M1-type dysregulated macrophages. This subpopulation plays a key role in the initiation and maintenance of a series of chronic diseases. The novel recombinant M1-specific immunotherapeutics offer the prospect of highly effective treatment strategies as they have been shown to selectively eliminate the disease-causing macrophage subpopulations. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of the data generated, together with the advantages and the clinical potential of CD64-based targeted therapies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusiji A Akinrinmade
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Shivan Chetty
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Adebukola K Daramola
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mukit-Ul Islam
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Theo Thepen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology and Blood Bank. University Hospital Magdeburg A.ö.R, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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16
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Swisher JFA, Feldman GM. The many faces of FcγRI: implications for therapeutic antibody function. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:160-74. [PMID: 26497519 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI or CD64) is the sole human Fc receptor with high affinity for monovalent IgG. While it contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in its cytoplasmic domain, binding of FcγRI can result in a complex array of activating and inhibitory outcomes. For instance, binding of monomeric IgG provides a low-intensity tonic signal through FcγRI that is necessary for full interferon γ receptor signaling in the same cell. Interaction of FcγRI with larger high-avidity complexes can result in phagocytosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines. However, numerous reports also document potent anti-inflammatory effects brought about by FcγRI engagement with immune complexes such as the inhibition of IFNγ and TLR4 signaling, and secretion of interleukin-10. This has led to conflicting hypotheses regarding the function of FcγRI, especially with regard to its role in the efficacy of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. While many of these issues are still unclear, continued characterization of the regulation and context dependence of FcγRI function, as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for these various outcomes, will improve our understanding of FcγRI biology as well as the therapeutic strategies designed to harness or constrain its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F A Swisher
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gerald M Feldman
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Biotechnology Research and Review IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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17
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Doi T, Doi T, Kawamura N, Matsui T, Komiya A, Tei Z, Niitsuma G, Kunogi J. The usefulness of neutrophil CD64 expression for diagnosing infection after orthopaedic surgery in dialysis patients. J Orthop Sci 2016; 21:546-551. [PMID: 27188928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialysis patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery are at high risk for postoperative infection. Diagnosis of postoperative infection is difficult in dialysis patients due to presentation of signs and symptoms similar to infection, such as fever and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Neutrophil CD64 expression (CD64), a marker of infection, is upregulated by microbial wall components and several cytokines (interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of CD64 for diagnosing postoperative infection in dialysis patients post orthopaedic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2013 and 2014, we prospectively studied 36 dialysis patients (18 men, 18 women; mean age 65.9 years; 49 to 83) who underwent orthopaedic surgery. Dialysis patients were classified into three groups according to their postoperative course as follows; non-infected patients, infection suspected patients, and infected patients. Inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and CD64 were measured before operation and one week after surgery. Using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), the cutoff value of CD64 and CRP was calculated leading to a determination of which inflammatory marker is best accurate for detecting postoperative infection. RESULTS We found that postoperative CD64 and CRP levels presented a statistically significant difference between infected patients and non-infected patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, comparison of the ROC curve and AIC value between postoperative CD64 and CRP levels exhibited that CD64 was more accurate infectious marker than CRP. CONCLUSION CD64 is a useful marker for detecting postoperative infection after orthopaedic surgery in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Doi
- Department of Spine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tokuhide Doi
- Hakucho, Geriatric Health Care Facility for the Elderly, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawamura
- Department of Spine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsui
- Department of Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Komiya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zaika Tei
- Department of Spine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Niitsuma
- Department of Spine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kunogi
- Department of Spine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Oganesyan V, Mazor Y, Yang C, Cook KE, Woods RM, Ferguson A, Bowen MA, Martin T, Zhu J, Wu H, Dall’Acqua WF. Structural insights into the interaction of human IgG1 with FcγRI: no direct role of glycans in binding. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2015; 71:2354-61. [PMID: 26527150 PMCID: PMC4631484 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715018015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of a human IgG1 Fc fragment bound to wild-type human FcγRI is reported. The structure of the corresponding complex was solved at a resolution of 2.4 Å using molecular replacement; this is the highest resolution achieved for an unmutated FcγRI molecule. This study highlights the critical structural and functional role played by the second extracellular subdomain of FcγRI. It also explains the long-known major energetic contribution of the Fc `LLGG' motif at positions 234-237, and particularly of Leu235, via a `lock-and-key' mechanism. Finally, a previously held belief is corrected and a differing view is offered on the recently proposed direct role of Fc carbohydrates in the corresponding interaction. Structural evidence is provided that such glycan-related effects are strictly indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaheh Oganesyan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yariv Mazor
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Chunning Yang
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kimberly E. Cook
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Robert M. Woods
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Andrew Ferguson
- Discovery Sciences, Structure and Biophysics, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Mailstop E3, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Michael A. Bowen
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Tom Martin
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Herren Wu
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - William F. Dall’Acqua
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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19
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Hanson QM, Barb AW. A perspective on the structure and receptor binding properties of immunoglobulin G Fc. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2931-42. [PMID: 25926001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies spurred a revolution in medicine that saw the introduction of powerful therapeutics for treating a wide range of diseases, from cancers to autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection, with more applications looming on the horizon. Many of these therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are based on human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) or contain at least a portion of the molecule. Most mAbs require interactions with cell surface receptors for efficacy, including the Fc γ receptors. High-resolution structural models of antibodies and antibody fragments have been available for nearly 40 years; however, a thorough description of the structural features that determine the affinity with which antibodies interact with human receptors has not been published. In this review, we will cover the relevant history of IgG-related literature and how recent developments have changed our view of critical antibody-cell interactions at the atomic level with a nod to outstanding questions in the field and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinlin M Hanson
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2214 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Adam W Barb
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2214 Molecular Biology Building, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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20
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Structure of FcγRI in complex with Fc reveals the importance of glycan recognition for high-affinity IgG binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:833-8. [PMID: 25561553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418812112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) contributes to protective immunity against bacterial infections, but exacerbates certain autoimmune diseases. The sole high-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI plays a significant role in immunotherapy. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of its high-affinity IgG binding, we determined the crystal structure of the extracellular domains of human FcγRI in complex with the Fc domain of human IgG1. FcγRI binds to the Fc in a similar mode as the low-affinity FcγRII and FcγRIII receptors. In addition to many conserved contacts, FcγRI forms additional hydrogen bonds and salt bridges with the lower hinge region of Fc. Unique to the high-affinity receptor-Fc complex, however, is the conformation of the receptor D2 domain FG loop, which enables a charged KHR motif to interact with proximal carbohydrate units of the Fc glycans. Both the length and the charge of the FcγRI FG loop are well conserved among mammalian species. Ala and Glu mutations of the FG loop KHR residues showed significant contributions of His-174 and Arg-175 to antibody binding, and the loss of the FG loop-glycan interaction resulted in an ∼ 20- to 30-fold decrease in FcγRI affinity to all three subclasses of IgGs. Furthermore, deglycosylation of IgG1 resulted in a 40-fold loss in FcγRI binding, demonstrating involvement of the receptor FG loop in glycan recognition. These results highlight a unique glycan recognition in FcγRI function and open potential therapeutic avenues based on antibody glycan engineering or small molecular glycan mimics to target FcγRI for certain autoimmune diseases.
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21
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Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T. IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:520. [PMID: 25368619 PMCID: PMC4202688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1599] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the five immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is most abundant in human serum. The four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, which are highly conserved, differ in their constant region, particularly in their hinges and upper CH2 domains. These regions are involved in binding to both IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR) and C1q. As a result, the different subclasses have different effector functions, both in terms of triggering FcγR-expressing cells, resulting in phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and activating complement. The Fc-regions also contain a binding epitope for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), responsible for the extended half-life, placental transport, and bidirectional transport of IgG to mucosal surfaces. However, FcRn is also expressed in myeloid cells, where it participates in both phagocytosis and antigen presentation together with classical FcγR and complement. How these properties, IgG-polymorphisms and post-translational modification of the antibodies in the form of glycosylation, affect IgG-function will be the focus of the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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22
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Sasaki T, Oga T, Nakagaki K, Sakai K, Sumida K, Hoshino K, Miyawaki I, Saito K, Suto F, Ichinohe N. Developmental expression profiles of axon guidance signaling and the immune system in the marmoset cortex: Potential molecular mechanisms of pruning of dendritic spines during primate synapse formation in late infancy and prepuberty (I). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:302-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Doi T, Miyazaki T, Nishino J, Tanaka S, Matsui T, Komiya A, Yamamoto S, Tokimura F, Mori T, Nishimura K, Katoh N, Hasegawa J, Omata Y, Matsushita T, Tohma S. Neutrophil CD64 expression as a diagnostic marker for local infection and crystal-induced arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-010-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Oppegaard O, Skodvin B, Halse AK, Langeland N. CD64 as a potential biomarker in septic arthritis. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:278. [PMID: 23783182 PMCID: PMC3689602 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional inflammatory markers are generally unhelpful in discerning septic arthritis from inflammatory joint disease due to their lack of specificity. We wished to explore the discriminatory power of the novel inflammatory marker, Fc-gamma-receptor type 1, CD64, in patients presenting with acute arthritis. Methods Patients were recruited prospectively in the time period June 2009 to December 2011. Thirty-six patients presenting with an acute flare of chronic rheumatic arthritis, 31 with crystal-induced arthritis and 23 with septic arthritis were included. Traditional inflammatory markers, CD64 and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured and their diagnostic abilities were compared. Results CD64 and PCT both demonstrated a specificity of 98%, but poor sensitivities of 59% and 52%, respectively. White blood cell count (WBC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) did not have significant discriminatory power, while C-reactive protein (CRP) proved to have the best diagnostic accuracy as measured by area under the ROC curve (AUC 0.92, 95% confidence-interval 0.87-0.98). Subgroup analysis excluding patients with septic arthritis without concurrent bacteremia, and likewise exclusion of the patients with septic arthritis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci, both improved the diagnostic accuracy of CD64 and PCT, but not of WBC and CRP. Conclusions CD64 and PCT are highly specific for infectious disease, but they predominantly measure bacteremia. Their use in hospital practice has yet to be defined, and especially so in localized infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddvar Oppegaard
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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25
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The binding of soluble recombinant human Fcγ receptor I for human immunoglobulin G is conferred by its first and second extracellular domains. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:403-7. [PMID: 23399386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human FcγRI is a high affinity receptor for the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), and has extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. The extracellular region of human FcγRI, which is the part that interacts with human IgG, is comprised of three immunoglobulin-like domains. Unlike low affinity Fcγ receptors (FcγRII and FcγRIII), FcγRI has a unique third extracellular domain (D3). This study investigated the contribution of D3 to the binding between recombinant human FcγRI (rhFcγRI) and human IgG. The three extracellular domains and the first and second extracellular domains of human FcγRI were expressed by Escherichia coli as rhFcγRI and rhFcγRI-D1D2, respectively. The binding specificity of rhFcγRI-D1D2 to human IgG subclasses was the same as that of rhFcγRI. From surface plasmon resonance analysis, the binding affinity of rhFcγRI-D1D2 for human IgG1/κ was high (the equilibrium dissociation constant: KD=8.04 × 10(-10)M), but slightly lower than that of rhFcγRI (KD=2.59 × 10(-10)M). While the association of rhFcγRI-D1D2 with human IgG1/κ was same as that of rhFcγRI, the dissociation of rhFcγRI-D1D2 was faster than that of rhFcγRI. From these results, D3 of rhFcγRI would not contribute directly to the binding specificity and association of rhFcγRI, but to the holding bound human IgG.
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26
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Lu J, Ellsworth JL, Hamacher N, Oak SW, Sun PD. Crystal structure of Fcγ receptor I and its implication in high affinity γ-immunoglobulin binding. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40608-13. [PMID: 21965667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.257550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) play critical roles in humoral and cellular immune responses through interactions with the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Among them, FcγRI is the only high affinity receptor for IgG and thus is a potential target for immunotherapy. Here we report the first crystal structure of an FcγRI with all three extracellular Ig-like domains (designated as D1, D2, and D3). The structure shows that, first, FcγRI has an acute D1-D2 hinge angle similar to that of FcεRI but much smaller than those observed in the low affinity Fcγ receptors. Second, the D3 domain of FcγRI is positioned away from the putative IgG binding site on the receptor and is thus unlikely to make direct contacts with Fc. Third, the replacement of FcγRIII FG-loop ((171)LVGSKNV(177)) with that of FcγRI ((171)MGKHRY(176)) resulted in a 15-fold increase in IgG(1) binding affinity, whereas a valine insertion in the FcγRI FG-loop ((171)MVGKHRY(177)) abolished the affinity enhancement. Thus, the FcγRI FG-loop with its conserved one-residue deletion is critical to the high affinity IgG binding. The structural results support FcγRI binding to IgG in a similar mode as its low affinity counterparts. Taken together, our study suggests a molecular mechanism for the high affinity IgG recognition by FcγRI and provides a structural basis for understanding its physiological function and its therapeutic implication in treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Lu
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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27
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Neutrophil CD64 expression as a diagnostic marker for local infection and crystal-induced arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2010; 20:573-9. [PMID: 20552245 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-010-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of neutrophil CD64 expression was examined in diagnosing local infection, including soft tissue, bone, and joint infections. Among 99 patients suspected of local infection, 31 were confirmed and 68 patients were not. The CD64 level of patients with local infection was significantly higher than in those without infection [4,193 ± 1,132 vs. 1,017 ± 59 molecules/cell (mean ± standard deviation); p < 0.001]. The area under the curve of CD64 calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was larger than that of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), or white blood cell (WBC) count. In addition, CD64 levels of patients with crystal-induced arthritis remained within cutoff value (2,000 molecules/cell). These data suggest that measuring CD64 expression can be a useful diagnostic marker for local musculoskeletal infection and crystal-induced arthritis.
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28
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Ellsworth JL, Hamacher N, Harder B, Maurer M, Bukowski TR, Lantry M, Noriega C, Rixon MW, Fox B, Lewis K, Meengs B, Rollins E, Greeff K, Meyer J, Birks C. Generation of a high-affinity Fcgamma receptor by Ig-domain swapping between human CD64A and CD16A. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:299-309. [PMID: 20150179 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant soluble version of the human high-affinity receptor for IgG, rh-FcgammaRIA or CD64A, was expressed in mammalian cells and purified from their conditioned media. As assessed by circular dichroism, size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering, incubation of rh-FcgammaRIA at 37 degrees C resulted in time-dependent formation of soluble aggregates caused by protein unfolding and loss of native structure. Aggregate formation was irreversible, temperature-dependent and was independent of rh-FcgammaRIA concentration. Aggregated rh-FcgammaRIA lost its ability to inhibit immune complex precipitation and failed to bind to IgG-Sepharose. Addition of human IgG1 to rh-FcgammaRIA prior to incubation at 37 degrees C blocked the formation of rh-FcgammaRIA aggregates. Production of soluble monomeric rh-FcgammaRIA was limited by aggregate formation during cell culture. Substitution of the membrane distal D1 Ig domain of FcgammaRIA with the D1 Ig domain of FcgammaRIIIA or CD16A resulted in a chimeric receptor, FcgammaR3A1A, with enhanced temperature stability. Relative to native rh-FcgammaRIA, FcgammaR3A1A exhibited less aggregation in Chinese hamster ovary cell-conditioned media or when purified receptor was incubated for up to 24 h at 37 degrees C. Both receptors bound to immobilized human IgG1 with high affinity and were equipotent at blockade of immune complex-mediated cytokine production from cultured mast cells. Equivalent dose-dependent reductions in edema and neutrophil infiltration in the cutaneous Arthus reaction in mice were noted for rh-FcgammaRIA and FcgammaR3A1A. These data demonstrate that the D1 Ig domains of FcgammaRIA and FcgammaRIIIA are functionally interchangeable and further suggest that the chimeric receptor FcgammaR3A1A is an effective inhibitor of type III hypersensitivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Ellsworth
- Department of Immunology, ZymoGenetics, Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Ellsworth JL, Hamacher N, Harder B, Bannink K, Bukowski TR, Byrnes-Blake K, Underwood S, Oliver C, Waggie KS, Noriega C, Hebb L, Rixon MW, Lewis KE. Recombinant Soluble Human FcγR1A (CD64A) Reduces Inflammation in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7272-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Kim SK, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T, Kusanovic JP, Mazaki-Tovi S, Mittal P, Erez O, Vaisbuch E, Gotsch F, Pacora P, Yeo L, Gervasi MT, Lamont RF, Yoon BH, Hassan SS. Evidence of changes in the immunophenotype and metabolic characteristics (intracellular reactive oxygen radicals) of fetal, but not maternal, monocytes and granulocytes in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome. J Perinat Med 2009; 37:543-52. [PMID: 19514858 PMCID: PMC3595199 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2009.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is present in a fraction of fetuses exposed to intra-amniotic infection and is associated with the impending onset of labor and multisystem organ involvement. Neonates born with funisitis, the histologic counterpart of fetal systemic inflammation, are at increased risk for cerebral palsy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The aim of this study was to determine whether fetal and maternal granulocytes and monocytes have the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of activation in cases with FIRS. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was conducted with umbilical cord and maternal blood samples obtained from patients who delivered preterm with (n=30) and without funisitis (n=15). The phenotypic characteristics of granulocytes and monocytes were examined using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies including CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD18, CD49d, CD62L, CD64, CD66b, and HLA-DR. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) were measured at the basal state and after stimulation (oxidative burst). A P<0.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS (1) Funisitis was associated with a significant increase in the median mean channel brightness (MCB) of CD14, CD64, and CD66b on granulocytes and the MCB of CD64 on monocytes collected from umbilical cord blood. (2) The basal iROS production and oxidative burst were higher in the umbilical cord monocytes of neonates with funisitis than in those without funisitis. (3) There were no differences in the immunophenotype, basal iROS production, and oxidative burst in maternal granulocytes or monocytes between the study groups. CONCLUSION Fetal systemic inflammation is associated with phenotypic and metabolic changes consistent with activation in fetal immune cells but not in maternal blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kwon Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ronald F. Lamont
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul Korea
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
The aggregation of cell surface Fc receptors by immune complexes induces a number of important antibody-dependent effector functions. It is becoming increasingly evident that the organization of key immune proteins has a significant impact on the function of these proteins. Comparatively little is known, however, about the nature of Fc receptor spatiotemporal organization. This review outlines the current literature concerning human Fc receptor spatial organization and physiological function.
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Abstract
Discovery of a large family of Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules, homologous to the well-known receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (FCR), has uncovered an impressive abundance of immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) genes in the human 1q21-23 chromosomal region and revealed significant diversity for these genes between humans and mice. The observation that FCRL representatives are members of an ancient multigene family that share a common ancestor with the classical FCR is underscored by their linked genomic locations, gene structure, shared extracellular domain composition, and utilization of common cytoplasmic tyrosine-based signaling elements. In contrast to the conventional FCR, however, FCRL molecules possess diverse extracellular frameworks, autonomous or dual signaling properties, and preferential B lineage expression. Most importantly, there is no strong evidence thus far to support a role for them as Ig-binding receptors. These characteristics, in addition to their identification in malignancies and autoimmune disorders, predict a fundamental role for these receptors as immunomodulatory agents in normal and subverted B lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3300, USA.
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Shen H, Zhang M, Kaita K, Minuk GY, Rempel J, Gong Y. Expression of Fc Fragment Receptors of Immunoglobulin G (FcγRs) in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:181-187. [PMID: 27837389 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-1298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are now considered the major cell type in the liver mediating the development of liver fibrosis. Recently it was demonstrated that HSCs express membrane proteins involved in antigen presentation. We further evaluate immunological properties of HSCs by examining the expression and function of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in HSCs. In this study, we document the presence of mRNAs for three FcγRs in HSCs. Ligand binding assay indicated the existence of FcγRs with different binding affinities on membranes of HSCs. We also documented that the abundance of the three Fcγ R mRNAs increased upon activation of HSCs in vitro. Moreover, an examination of the biological activities of IgG revealed that exposure to IgG significantly stimulated HSC differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, we studied the intracellular signaling protein, LcK, in HSCs and regulation of Lck expression and phosphorylation by IgG. Although IgG did not regulate Lck abundance and phosphorylation in HSCs, highly phosphorylated Lck was present in these cells. In conclusion, we provided evidence that HSCs expresses receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, and IgG regulates HSC differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, immunoglobulin G may play a role in HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Manna Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kelly Kaita
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gerald Y Minuk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julia Rempel
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yuewen Gong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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34
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Woof JM, Burton DR. Human antibody–Fc receptor interactions illuminated by crystal structures. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:89-99. [PMID: 15040582 DOI: 10.1038/nri1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins couple the recognition of invading pathogens with the triggering of potent effector mechanisms for pathogen elimination. Different immunoglobulin classes trigger different effector mechanisms through interaction of immunoglobulin Fc regions with specific Fc receptors (FcRs) on immune cells. Here, we review the structural information that is emerging on three human immunoglobulin classes and their FcRs. New insights are provided, including an understanding of the antibody conformational adjustments that are required to bring effector cell and target cell membranes sufficiently close for efficient killing and signal transduction to occur. The results might also open up new possibilities for the design of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Woof
- Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Nezlin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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36
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Ding Y, Xu G, Yang M, Yao M, Gao GF, Wang L, Zhang W, Rao Z. Crystal structure of the ectodomain of human FcalphaRI. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:27966-70. [PMID: 12783876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c300223200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human FcalphaRI (CD89) is the receptor specific for IgA, an immunoglobulin that is abundant in mucosa and is also found in high concentrations in serum. Although FcalphaRI is an immunoglobulin Fc receptor (FcR), it differs in many ways from FcRs for other immunoglobulin classes. The genes of most FcRs are located on chromosome 1 at 1q21-23, whereas FcalphaRI is on chromosome 19, at 19q13.4, a region called the leukocyte receptor complex, because it is clustered with several leukocyte receptor families including killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LIRs). The amino acid sequence of FcalphaRI shares only 20% homology with other FcRs but it has around 35% homology with its neighboring LIRs and KIRs. In this work, we analyzed the crystal structure of the ectodomain of FcalphaRI and examined structure similarities between FcalphaRI and KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2 and LIR-1. Our data show that FcalphaRI, KIRs, and LIRs share a common hydrophobic core in their interdomain interface, and FcalphaRI is evolutionally closer to LIR than KIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Ministry of Education Protein Science Laboratory & Laboratory of Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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Davis RS, Dennis G, Odom MR, Gibson AW, Kimberly RP, Burrows PD, Cooper MD. Fc receptor homologs: newest members of a remarkably diverse Fc receptor gene family. Immunol Rev 2002; 190:123-36. [PMID: 12493010 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.19009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Newfound relatives of the classical Fc receptors (FcR) have been provisionally named the Fc receptor homologs (FcRH). The recent identification of eight human and six mouse FcRH genes substantially increases the size and functional potential of the FcR family. The extended family of FcR and FcRH genes spans approximately 15 Mb of the human chromosome 1q21-23 region, whereas in mice this family is split between chromosomes 1 and 3. The FcRH genes encode molecules with variable combinations of five subtypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The presence of a conserved sequence motif in one Ig domain subtype implies Ig Fc binding capability for many FcRH family members that are preferentially expressed by B lineage cells. In addition, most FcRH family members have consensus tyrosine-based activating and inhibitory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains, while the others lack features typical of transmembrane receptors. The FcRH family members, like the classical FcRs, come in multiple isoforms and allelic variations. The unique individual and polymorphic properties of the FcR/FcRH members indicate a remarkably diverse Fc receptor gene family with immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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38
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Chapter 22. Fc receptor structure and the design of anti-inflammatories: New therapeutics for autoimmune disease. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(02)37023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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39
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Gerber JS, Mosser DM. Stimulatory and inhibitory signals originating from the macrophage Fcgamma receptors. Microbes Infect 2001; 3:131-9. [PMID: 11251299 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (FcgammaR) have long been known to mediate a variety of effector functions that are vital to the adaptive immune response. Recent studies, however, have begun to stress potential regulatory roles that these receptors can play in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. In this article we discuss the activating and inhibitory properties of the individual macrophage FcgammaR and the conditions under which these heterologous responses can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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40
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Sondermann P, Huber R, Oosthuizen V, Jacob U. The 3.2-A crystal structure of the human IgG1 Fc fragment-Fc gammaRIII complex. Nature 2000; 406:267-73. [PMID: 10917521 DOI: 10.1038/35018508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune response depends on the binding of opsonized antigens to cellular Fc receptors and the subsequent initiation of various cellular effector functions of the immune system. Here we describe the crystal structures of a soluble Fc gamma receptor (sFc gammaRIII, CD16), an Fc fragment from human IgG1 (hFc1) and their complex. In the 1:1 complex the receptor binds to the two halves of the Fc fragment in contact with residues of the C gamma2 domains and the hinge region. Upon complex formation the angle between the two sFc gammaRIII domains increases significantly and the Fc fragment opens asymmetrically. The high degree of amino acid conservation between sFc gammaRIII and other Fc receptors, and similarly between hFc1 and related immunoglobulins, suggest similar structures and modes of association. Thus the described structure is a model for immune complex recognition and helps to explain the vastly differing affinities of other Fc gammaR-IgG complexes and the Fc epsilonRI alpha-IgE complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sondermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.
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