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Lenzi A, De Cristofaro M, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Armenia S, Pugliese NR, Masi S, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Development of a high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform for the determination of intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. Talanta 2024; 275:126077. [PMID: 38636440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We present an innovative, reliable, and antibody-free analytical method to determine multiple intact natriuretic peptides in human plasma. These biomolecules are routinely used to confirm the diagnosis and monitor the evolution of heart failure, so that their determination is essential to improve diagnosis and monitor the efficacy of treatment. However, common immunoassay kits suffer from main limitations due to high cross-reactivity with structurally similar species. In our method, we pre-treated the sample by combining salting-out with ammonium sulfate with microextraction by packed sorbent technique. Analyses were then carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The use of 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as a supercharger reagent enhanced the ESI ionization and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. The analytical protocol showed good linearity over one order of magnitude, recovery in the range of 94-105 %, and good intra- and inter-day reproducibility (RSD<20 %), and the presence of a matrix effect. Limits of detection were in the range of pg/mL for all peptides (0.2-20 pg/mL). Stability study in plasma samples demonstrated that proper protease inhibitors need to be included in blood collection tubes to avoid peptide degradation. Preliminary analyses on plasma samples from heart failure patients allow the quantification of ANP 1-28 as the most abundant species and the detection of ANP 5-28, BNP 1-32, and BNP 5-32. The method could be used to investigate how cross-reactivity issues among structurally similar species impact determinations by ELISA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariano De Cristofaro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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Rho G, Callara AL, Bossi F, Ognibene D, Cecchetto C, Lomonaco T, Scilingo EP, Greco A. Combining electrodermal activity analysis and dynamic causal modeling to investigate the visual-odor multimodal integration during face perception. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:016020. [PMID: 38290158 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective. This study presents a novel methodological approach for incorporating information related to the peripheral sympathetic response into the investigation of neural dynamics. Particularly, we explore how hedonic contextual olfactory stimuli influence the processing of neutral faces in terms of sympathetic response, event-related potentials and effective connectivity analysis. The objective is to investigate how the emotional valence of odors influences the cortical connectivity underlying face processing and the role of face-induced sympathetic arousal in this visual-olfactory multimodal integration.Approach. To this aim, we combine electrodermal activity (EDA) analysis and dynamic causal modeling to examine changes in cortico-cortical interactions.Results. The results reveal that stimuli arising sympathetic EDA responses are associated with a more negative N170 amplitude, which may be a marker of heightened arousal in response to faces. Hedonic odors, on the other hand, lead to a more negative N1 component and a reduced the vertex positive potential when they are unpleasant or pleasant. Concerning connectivity, unpleasant odors strengthen the forward connection from the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) to the middle temporal gyrus, which is involved in processing changeable facial features. Conversely, the occurrence of sympathetic responses after a stimulus is correlated with an inhibition of this same connection and an enhancement of the backward connection from ITG to the fusiform face gyrus.Significance. These findings suggest that unpleasant odors may enhance the interpretation of emotional expressions and mental states, while faces capable of eliciting sympathetic arousal prioritize identity processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rho
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bossi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dimitri Ognibene
- Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Pasquale Scilingo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Greco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center 'E. Piaggio', School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Biagini D, Oliveri P, Baj A, Gasperina DD, Ferrante FD, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, Bonini A, Vivaldi F, Oger C, Galano JM, Balas L, Durand T, Maggi F, Di Francesco F. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the plasma oxylipins and PUFAs of COVID-19 patients. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106770. [PMID: 37633481 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are important signalling compounds that are significantly involved in the regulation of the immune system and the resolution of inflammation. Lipid metabolism is strongly activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, however the modulating effects of oxylipins induced by different variants remain unexplored. Here, we compare the plasma profiles of thirty-seven oxylipins and four PUFAs in subjects infected with Wild-type, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. The results suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from COVID-19 were highly dependent on the SARS-CoV-2 variant, and that the Wild-type elicited the strongest inflammatory storm. The Alpha and Delta variants induced a comparable lipid profile alteration upon infection, which differed significantly from Omicron. The latter variant increased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and decreased the levels of omega-3 PUFA in infected patients. We speculate that changes in therapeutics, vaccination, and prior infections may have a role in the alteration of the oxylipin profile besides viral mutations. The results shed new light on the evolution of the inflammatory response in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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Vivaldi FM, Reale S, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Lenzi A, Lomonaco T, Di Francesco F. A low-cost internal standard loader for solid-phase sorbing tools. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046008. [PMID: 37567168 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acef4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase sorption is widely used for the analysis of gaseous specimens as it allows at the same time to preconcentrate target analytes and store samples for relatively long periods. The addition of internal standards (ISs) in the analytical workflow can greatly reduce the variability of the analyses and improve the reliability of the protocols. In this work, we describe the development and testing of a portable system for the reliable production of gaseous mixture of8D-Toluene in a 1L Silonite canister as well as its reproducible loading into solid-phase sorbing tools as ISs. The portable system was tested using needle trap microextraction, solid-phase extraction, and thin-film microextraction techniques commonly employed for the analysis of gaseous samples. Even though our specific interest is in breath analysis, the system can also be used for the collection of any kind of gaseous specimen. A microcontroller allows the fine control of the sampling flow by a digital mass flow controller. Flow rate and sample volume could be set either through a rotary encoder mounted onto the control board or through a dedicated android app. The variability of the airflow is in the range 5-200 ml min-1and it is lower than 1%, whereas the variability of the IS (8D-Toluene) concentration dispensed over time by the loader measured by selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (MS) is <3%. This combination resulted in intra- and inter-day precision of the amount loaded in the sorbent tools lower than 15%. No carry-over was detected in the loader after the delivery of the8D-Toluene measured by gas chromatography-MS. The8D-Toluene concentration in the canister was stable for up to three weeks at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Reale
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - T Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Rammos A, Bechlioulis A, Kalogeras P, Watson CJ, Salvo P, Lomonaco T, Kardakari O, Tripoliti EE, Goletsis Y, Fotiadis DI, Katsouras CS, Michalis LK, Naka KK. The Potential Role of Salivary NT-proBNP in Heart Failure. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1818. [PMID: 37763222 PMCID: PMC10532738 DOI: 10.3390/life13091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum natriuretic peptides (NPs) have an established role in heart failure (HF) diagnosis. Saliva NT-proBNP that may be easily acquired has been studied little. METHODS Ninety-nine subjects were enrolled; thirty-six obese or hypertensive with dyspnoea but no echocardiographic HF findings or raised NPs served as controls, thirteen chronic HF (CHF) patients and fifty patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) requiring hospital admission. Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, 6 min walking distance (6MWD), blood and saliva samples, were acquired in all participants. RESULTS Serum NT-proBNP ranged from 60-9000 pg/mL and saliva NT-proBNP from 0.64-93.32 pg/mL. Serum NT-proBNP was significantly higher in ADHF compared to CHF (p = 0.007) and in CHF compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in saliva values between ADHF and CHF, or between CHF and controls. Saliva and serum levels were positively associated only in ADHF patients (R = 0.352, p = 0.012). Serum NT-proBNP was positively associated with NYHA class (R = 0.506, p < 0.001) and inversely with 6MWD (R = -0.401, p = 0.004) in ADHF. Saliva NT-proBNP only correlated with age in ADHF patients. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, saliva NT-proBNP correlated with serum values in ADHF patients, but could not discriminate between HF and other causes of dyspnoea. Further research is needed to explore the value of saliva NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidonis Rammos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Aris Bechlioulis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Petros Kalogeras
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Chris J. Watson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Olga Kardakari
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Evanthia E. Tripoliti
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Yorgos Goletsis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
- Department of Economics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris I. Fotiadis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
- Department of Economics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos S. Katsouras
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Lampros K. Michalis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Katerina K. Naka
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina & University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece (P.K.); (O.K.)
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Biagini D, Pugliese NR, Vivaldi FM, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, De Angelis F, Ripszam M, Bruderer T, Armenia S, Cappeli F, Taddei S, Masi S, Francesco FD, Lomonaco T. Breath analysis combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography for monitoring heart failure patients: the AEOLUS protocol. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046006. [PMID: 37524075 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acec08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the AEOLUS pilot study which combines breath analysis with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and an echocardiographic examination for monitoring heart failure (HF) patients. Ten consecutive patients with a prior clinical diagnosis of HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were prospectively enrolled together with 15 control patients with cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, type II diabetes or chronic ischemic heart disease. Breath samples were collected at rest and during CPET coupled with exercise stress echocardiography (CPET-ESE) protocol by means of needle trap micro-extraction and were analyzed through gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The protocol also involved using of a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer for a breath-by-breath isoprene and acetone analysis during exercise. At rest, HF patients showed increased breath levels of acetone and pentane, which are related to altered oxidation of fatty acids and oxidative stress, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between acetone and the gold standard biomarker NT-proBNP in plasma (r= 0.646,p< 0.001), both measured at rest. During exercise, some exhaled volatiles (e.g., isoprene) mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic adaptation, whereas others (e.g., sulfide compounds and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone) depended on their origin. At peak effort, acetone levels in HF patients differed significantly from those of the control group, suggesting an altered myocardial and systemic metabolic adaptation to exercise for HF patients. These preliminary data suggest that concomitant acquisition of CPET-ESE and breath analysis is feasible and might provide additional clinical information on the metabolic maladaptation of HF patients to exercise. Such information may refine the identification of patients at higher risk of disease worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matyas Ripszam
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Armenia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Cappeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Lenzi A, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Vivaldi FM, Salvo P, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. HiSorb sorptive extraction for determining salivary short chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in heart failure patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123826. [PMID: 37481789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Variations in salivary short-chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids (e.g., lactic acid, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid) levels have been suggested to reflect the dysbiosis of human gut microbiota, which represents an additional factor involved in the onset of heart failure (HF) disease. The physical-chemical properties of these metabolites combined with the complex composition of biological matrices mean that sample pre-treatment procedures are almost unavoidable. This work describes a reliable, simple, and organic solvent free protocol for determining short-chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in stimulated saliva samples collected from heart failure, obese, and hypertensive patients. The procedure is based on in-situ pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB-Br) derivatization and HiSorb sorptive extraction coupled to thermal desorption and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The HiSorb extraction device is completely compatible with aqueous matrices, thus saving on time and materials associated with organic solvent-extraction methods. A Central Composite Face-Centred experimental design was used for the optimization of the molar ratio between PFB-Br and target analytes, the derivatization temperature, and the reaction time which were 100, 60 °C, and 180 min, respectively. Detection limits in the range 0.1-100 µM were reached using a small amount of saliva (20 µL). The use of sodium acetate-1-13C as an internal standard improved the intra- and inter-day precision of the method which ranged from 10 to 23%. The optimized protocol was successfully applied for what we believe is the first time to evaluate the salivary levels of short chain fatty acids and hydroxy acids in saliva samples of four groups of patients: i) patients admitted to hospital with acute HF symptoms, ii) patients with chronic HF symptoms, iii) patients without HF symptoms but with obesity, and iv) patients without HF symptoms but with hypertension. The first group of patients showed significantly higher levels of salivary acetic acid and lactic acid at hospital admission as well as the lowest values of hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid. Moreover, the significant high levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid observed in HF respect to the other patients suggest the potential link between oral bacteria and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico M Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 3, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, Bonini A, Vivaldi F, Oger C, Galano JM, Balas L, Durand T, Salvo P, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Salivary lipid mediators: Key indexes of inflammation regulation in heart failure disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 201:55-65. [PMID: 36940734 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and disability in humans and their incidence continues to increase. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as key pathophysiological factors in cardiovascular events. The targeted modulation of the endogenous mechanisms of inflammation, rather than its simple suppression, will become key in treating chronic inflammatory diseases. A comprehensive characterization of the signalling molecules involved in inflammation, such as endogenous lipid mediators, is thus needed. Here, we propose a powerful MS-based platform for the simultaneous quantitation of sixty salivary lipid mediators in CVD samples. Saliva, which represents a non-invasive and painless alternative to blood, was collected from patients suffering from acute and chronic heart failure (AHF and CHF, respectively), obesity and hypertension. Of all the patients, those with AHF and hypertension showed higher levels of isoprostanoids, which are key indexes of oxidant insult. Compared to the obese population, AHF patients showed lower levels (p < 0.02) of antioxidant omega-3 fatty acids, in line with the "malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome" typical of HF patients. At hospital admission, AHF patients showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) of omega-3 DPA and lower levels (p < 0.04) of lipoxin B4 than CHF patients, suggesting a lipid rearrangement typical of the failing heart during acute decompensation. If confirmed, our results highlight the potential use of lipid mediators as predictive markers of re-acutisation episodes, thus providing opportunities for preventive intervention and a reduction in hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, Pisa, 56100, Italy
| | - Federico Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247 CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247 CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, France
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247 CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247 CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, France
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
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Giaganini G, Cifelli M, Biagini D, Ghimenti S, Corti A, Castelvetro V, Domenici V, Lomonaco T. Multi-Analytical Approach to Characterize the Degradation of Different Types of Microplastics: Identification and Quantification of Released Organic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031382. [PMID: 36771048 PMCID: PMC9919824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics represent one of the major environmental issues nowadays due to their ubiquitous presence on Earth, and their high potential danger for living systems, ecosystems, and human life. The formation of both microplastics and nanoplastics strongly depends on both the type of pristine materials and the degradation processes related to biological and/or abiotic conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two of the most relevant abiotic parameters, namely temperature and light, taken under direct control by using a Solar box, on five types of reference polymers: high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A multi-analytical approach was adopted to investigate in detail the first steps of plastics degradation. Samples of plastic materials at different degradation times were analyzed by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) technique. Several minor molecular species released during degradation were consistently identified by both techniques thus providing a comprehensive view of the various degradation products of these five types of microplastics.
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10
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Bonini A, Carota AG, Poma N, Vivaldi FM, Biagini D, Bottai D, Lenzi A, Tavanti A, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Emerging Biosensing Technologies towards Early Sepsis Diagnosis and Management. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:894. [PMID: 36291031 PMCID: PMC9599348 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a systemic inflammatory dysfunction strictly associated with infectious diseases, which represents an important health issue whose incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Nowadays, sepsis is considered as one of the main causes of death that mainly affects critically ill patients in clinical settings, with a higher prevalence in low-income countries. Currently, sepsis management still represents an important challenge, since the use of traditional techniques for the diagnosis does not provide a rapid response, which is crucial for an effective infection management. Biosensing systems represent a valid alternative due to their characteristics such as low cost, portability, low response time, ease of use and suitability for point of care/need applications. This review provides an overview of the infectious agents associated with the development of sepsis and the host biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. Special focus is given to the new emerging biosensing technologies using electrochemical and optical transduction techniques for sepsis diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Gilda Carota
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Maria Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daria Bottai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Tavanti
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Campanella B, Lomonaco T, Benedetti E, Onor M, Nieri R, Marmorino F, Cremolini C, Bramanti E. Fast, Direct Dihydrouracil Quantitation in Human Saliva: Method Development, Validation, and Application. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19106033. [PMID: 35627569 PMCID: PMC9140617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background. Salivary metabolomics is garnering increasing attention in the health field because of easy, minimally invasive saliva sampling. Dihydrouracil (DHU) is a metabolite of pyrimidine metabolism present in urine, plasma, and saliva and of fluoropyrimidines-based chemotherapeutics. Its fast quantification would help in the identification of patients with higher risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity and inborn errors of pyrimidine metabolism. Few studies consider DHU as the main salivary metabolite, but reports of its concentration levels in saliva are scarce. We propose the direct determination of DHU in saliva by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC-UV detector) as a simple, rapid procedure for non-invasive screening. Methods. The method used was validated and applied to 176 saliva samples collected from 21 nominally healthy volunteers and 4 saliva samples from metastatic colorectal cancer patients before and after receiving 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Results. DHU levels in all samples analyzed were in the μmol L−1 range or below proving that DHU is not the main metabolite in saliva and confirming the results found in the literature with LC-MS/MS instrumentation. Any increase of DHU due to metabolism dysfunctions can be suggestive of disease and easily monitored in saliva using common, low-cost instrumentation available also for population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds—ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 15, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Benedetti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Massimo Onor
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds—ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Riccardo Nieri
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds—ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Federica Marmorino
- Unity of Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unity of Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds—ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Biagini D, Antoni S, Ghimenti S, Bonini A, Vivaldi F, Angelucci C, Riparbelli C, Cuttano A, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Methodological aspects of dried blood spot sampling for the determination of isoprostanoids and prostanoids. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Biagini D, Franzini M, Oliveri P, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Bonini A, Vivaldi F, Macera L, Balas L, Durand T, Oger C, Galano JM, Maggi F, Celi A, Paolicchi A, Di Francesco F. MS-based targeted profiling of oxylipins in COVID-19: A new insight into inflammation regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:236-243. [PMID: 35085774 PMCID: PMC8786407 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The key role of inflammation in COVID-19 induced many authors to study the cytokine storm, whereas the role of other inflammatory mediators such as oxylipins is still poorly understood. IMPRECOVID was a monocentric retrospective observational pilot study with COVID-19 related pneumonia patients (n = 52) admitted to Pisa University Hospital between March and April 2020. Our MS-based analytical platform permitted the simultaneous determination of sixty plasma oxylipins in a single run at ppt levels for a comprehensive characterisation of the inflammatory cascade in COVID-19 patients. The datasets containing oxylipin and cytokine plasma levels were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA), computation of Fisher's canonical variable, and a multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Differently from cytokines, the panel of oxylipins clearly differentiated samples collected in COVID-19 wards (n = 43) and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) (n = 27), as shown by the PCA and the multivariate ROC curve with a resulting AUC equal to 0.92. ICU patients showed lower (down to two orders of magnitude) plasma concentrations of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, suggesting an impaired inflammation response as part of a prolonged and unsolvable pro-inflammatory status. In conclusion, our targeted oxylipidomics platform helped shedding new light in this field. Targeting the lipid mediator class switching is extremely important for a timely picture of a patient's ability to respond to the viral attack. A prediction model exploiting selected lipid mediators as biomarkers seems to have good chances to classify patients at risk of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Macera
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EBNSCM, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EBNSCM, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EBNSCM, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EBNSCM, France
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Paolicchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Mrakic-Sposta S, Biagini D, Bondi D, Pietrangelo T, Vezzoli A, Lomonaco T, Di Francesco F, Verratti V. OxInflammation at High Altitudes: A Proof of Concept from the Himalayas. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020368. [PMID: 35204250 PMCID: PMC8869289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude locations are fascinating for investigating biological and physiological responses in humans. In this work, we studied the high-altitude response in the plasma and urine of six healthy adult trekkers, who participated in a trek in Nepal that covered 300 km in 19 days along a route in the Kanchenjunga Mountain and up to a maximum altitude of 5140 m. Post-trek results showed an unbalance in redox status, with an upregulation of ROS (+19%), NOx (+28%), neopterin (+50%), and pro-inflammatory prostanoids, such as PGE2 (+120%) and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 (+233%). The isoprostane 15-F2t-IsoP was associated with low levels of TAC (−18%), amino-thiols, omega-3 PUFAs, and anti-inflammatory CYP450 EPA-derived mediators, such as DiHETEs. The deterioration of antioxidant systems paves the way to the overload of redox and inflammative markers, as triggered by the combined physical and hypoxic stressors. Our data underline the link between oxidative stress and inflammation, which is related to the concept of OxInflammation into the altitude hypoxia fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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15
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Biagini D, Fusi J, Vezzosi A, Oliveri P, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, Salvo P, Daniele S, Scarfò G, Vivaldi FM, Bonini A, Martini C, Franzoni F, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Effects of long-term vegan diet on breath composition. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35051905 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac4d41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The composition of exhaled breath derives from an intricate combination of normal and abnormal physiological processes that are modified by the consumption of food and beverages, circadian rhythms, bacterial infections, and genetics as well as exposure to xenobiotics. This complexity, which results wide intra- and inter-individual variability and is further influenced by sampling conditions, hinders the identification of specific biomarkers and makes it difficult to differentiate between pathological and nominally healthy subjects. The identification of a "normal" breath composition and the relative influence of the aforementioned parameters would make breath analyses much faster for diagnostic applications. We thus compared, for the first time, the breath composition of age-matched volunteers following a vegan and a Mediterranean omnivorous diet in order to evaluate the impact of diet on breath composition. Mixed breath was collected from 38 nominally healthy volunteers who were asked to breathe into a two-liter handmade Nalophan bag. Exhalation flow rate and carbon dioxide values were monitored during breath sampling. An aliquot (100 mL) of breath was loaded into a sorbent tube (250 mg of Tenax GR, 60/80 mesh) before being analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath profiling using TD-GC-MS analysis identified five compounds (methanol, 1-propanol, pentane, hexane, and hexanal), thus enabling differentiation between samples collected from the different group members . Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between groups, suggesting that breath analysis could be used to study the influence of dietary habits in the fields of nutrition and metabolism. Surprisingly, one Italian woman and her brother showed extremely low breath isoprene levels (about 5 ppbv), despite their normal lipidic profile and respiratory data, such as flow rate and pCO2. Further investigations to reveal the reasons behind low isoprene levels in breath would help reveal the origin of isoprene in breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Annasilvia Vezzosi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Paolo Oliveri
- Department of Drug and Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Genoa, Via Brigata Salerno, 13, Genoa, 16100, ITALY
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Alessio Lenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, ITALY
| | - Simona Daniele
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Federico Maria Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Claudia Martini
- University of Pisa Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- University of Pisa Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Roma, 67, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
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16
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Daniele S, Scarfò G, Ceccarelli L, Fusi J, Zappelli E, Biagini D, Lomonaco T, Di Francesco F, Franzoni F, Martini C. The Mediterranean Diet Positively Affects Resting Metabolic Rate and Salivary Microbiota in Human Subjects: A Comparison with the Vegan Regimen. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10121292. [PMID: 34943207 PMCID: PMC8699008 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Salivary microbiota has been shown to be individualized and influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including macronutrient intake and lifestyle. Herein, the effect of two long-term dietary patterns, the Mediterranean and the vegan diet, was analyzed on oral microbiota composition and metabolic profile of human subjects. Moreover, we correlated microbial species to metabolic parameters. Subjects following the Mediterranean diet had a wider spectrum of oral bacteria and a better metabolic profile compared to the vegan diet, confirming the positive effects of a Mediterranean diet. Abstract Salivary microbiota, comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable, and influenced by macronutrient intake and lifestyle. Nevertheless, the effect of long-term dietary patterns on oral microbiota composition and the relationship between oral microbiota composition and metabolic rate remains to be examined. Herein, salivary microbiota composition and metabolic profile were analyzed in human subjects with vegan (VEG) or Mediterranean (MED) long-term dietary patterns. MED subjects presented significantly higher percentages of Subflava and Prevotella species as compared to VEG ones. Moreover, MED subjects showed a lower carbohydrate and a higher lipid consumption than VEG subjects, and, accordingly, a significantly higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) and a lower respiratory quotient (RQ). Prevotella abundance was demonstrated to be inversely related to RQ and carbohydrate consumption, whereas Subflava percentages were demonstrated to be positively correlated to BMR. Lactobacillus abundance, which was inversely related to Subflava presence in MED subjects, was associated with decreased BMR (Harris–Benedict) values. Overall, our data evidence the influence of macronutrient intake on metabolic profile and oral microbiota and confirm the positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on BMR and on the abundance of microbial species associated with a better macronutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ceccarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Elisa Zappelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (T.L.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.S.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2211857; Fax: +39-050-40834
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.Z.); (C.M.)
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17
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Henderson B, Slingers G, Pedrotti M, Pugliese G, Malásková M, Bryant L, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Moreno S, Cordell R, Harren FJM, Schubert J, Mayhew CA, Wilde M, Di Francesco F, Koppen G, Beauchamp JD, Cristescu SM. The peppermint breath test benchmark for PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34416737 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac1fcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for breath research is the lack of standardization in sampling and analysis. To address this, a test that utilizes a standardized intervention and a defined study protocol has been proposed to explore disparities in breath research across different analytical platforms and to provide benchmark values for comparison. Specifically, thePeppermint Experimentinvolves the targeted analysis in exhaled breath of volatile constituents of peppermint oil after ingestion of the encapsulated oil. Data from thePeppermint Experimentperformed by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) are presented and discussed herein, including the product ions associated with the key peppermint volatiles, namely limonene,α- andβ-pinene, 1,8-cineole, menthol, menthone and menthofuran. The breath washout profiles of these compounds from 65 individuals were collected, comprising datasets from five PTR-MS and two SIFT-MS instruments. The washout profiles of these volatiles were evaluated by comparing the log-fold change over time of the product ion intensities associated with each volatile. Benchmark values were calculated from the lower 95% confidence interval of the linear time-to-washout regression analysis for all datasets combined. Benchmark washout values from PTR-MS analysis were 353 min for the sum of monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole (identical product ions), 173 min for menthol, 330 min for menthofuran, and 218 min for menthone; from SIFT-MS analysis values were 228 min for the sum of monoterpenes, 281 min for the sum of monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole, and 370 min for menthone plus 1,8-cineole. Large inter- and intra-dataset variations were observed, whereby the latter suggests that biological variability plays a key role in how the compounds are absorbed, metabolized and excreted from the body via breath. This variability seems large compared to the influence of sampling and analytical procedures, but further investigations are recommended to clarify the effects of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gitte Slingers
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium.,Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Limburg Clinical Research Center, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michele Pedrotti
- Department of Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Food Quality and Nutrition-Edmund Mach Foundation, Research and Innovation Center, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.,Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michaela Malásková
- Institute for Breath Research, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Luke Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sergi Moreno
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Cordell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Frans J M Harren
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Schubert
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Chris A Mayhew
- Institute for Breath Research, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Wilde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Health Unit, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jonathan D Beauchamp
- Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
| | - Simona M Cristescu
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Castelvetro V, Corti A, Biale G, Ceccarini A, Degano I, La Nasa J, Lomonaco T, Manariti A, Manco E, Modugno F, Vinciguerra V. New methodologies for the detection, identification, and quantification of microplastics and their environmental degradation by-products. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:46764-46780. [PMID: 33502712 PMCID: PMC8384832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sampling, separation, detection, and characterization of microplastics (MPs) dispersed in natural water bodies and ecosystems is a challenging and critical issue for a better understanding of the hazards for the environment posed by such nearly ubiquitous and still largely unknown form of pollution. There is still the need for exhaustive, reliable, accurate, reasonably fast, and cost-efficient analytical protocols allowing the quantification not only of MPs but also of nanoplastics (NPs) and of the harmful molecular pollutants that may result from degrading plastics. Here a set of newly developed analytical protocols, integrated with specialized techniques such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), for the accurate and selective determination of the polymers most commonly found as MPs polluting marine and freshwater sediments are presented. In addition, the results of an investigation on the low molecular weight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released upon photo-oxidative degradation of microplastics highlight the important role of photoinduced fragmentation at a molecular level both as a potential source of hazardous chemicals and as accelerators of the overall degradation of floating or stranded plastic debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- CISUP - Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Biale
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP - Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP - Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Manariti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Manco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP - Center for the Integration of Scientific Instruments of the University of Pisa, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Sánchez-López E, Lomonaco T, Sugimoto M, Qiu Y, Campanella B. Editorial: Metabolomics in the Study of Unconventional Biological Matrices. Front Chem 2021; 9:736661. [PMID: 34414166 PMCID: PMC8369149 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.736661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Bellagambi FG, Petersen C, Salvo P, Ghimenti S, Franzini M, Biagini D, Hangouët M, Trivella MG, Di Francesco F, Paolicchi A, Errachid A, Fuoco R, Lomonaco T. Determination and stability of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in saliva samples for monitoring heart failure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13088. [PMID: 34158583 PMCID: PMC8219749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality worldwide, particularly in the elderly. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is the gold standard biomarker for HF diagnosis and therapy monitoring. It is determined in blood samples by the immunochemical methods generally adopted by most laboratories. Saliva analysis is a powerful tool for clinical applications, mainly due to its non-invasive and less risky sampling. This study describes a validated analytical procedure for NT-proBNP determination in saliva samples using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay. Linearity, matrix effect, sensitivity, recovery and assay-precision were evaluated. The analytical approach showed a linear behaviour of the signal throughout the concentrations tested, with a minimum detectable dose of 1 pg/mL, a satisfactory NT-proBNP recovery (95-110%), and acceptable precision (coefficient of variation ≤ 10%). Short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (5 months) stability of NT-proBNP in saliva samples under the storage conditions most frequently used in clinical laboratories (4, - 20, and - 80 °C) was also investigated and showed that the optimal storage conditions were at - 20 °C for up to 2.5 months. Finally, the method was tested for the determination of NT-proBNP in saliva samples collected from ten hospitalized acute HF patients. Preliminary results indicate a decrease in NT-proBNP in saliva from admission to discharge, thus suggesting that this procedure is an effective saliva-based point-of-care device for HF monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca G. Bellagambi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) – UMR 5280, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Christina Petersen
- grid.452599.60000 0004 1781 8976Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marie Hangouët
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA), UMR 5280, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Paolicchi
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) – UMR 5280, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Roger Fuoco
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Rammos A, Bechlioulis A, Kalogeras P, Tripoliti EE, Goletsis Y, Kalivi A, Blathra E, Salvo P, Trivella MG, Lomonaco T, Fuoco R, Bellagambi F, Watson CJ, Errachid A, Fotiadis DI, Michalis LK, Naka KK. Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring in Patients with Heart Failure. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:824. [PMID: 34063278 PMCID: PMC8147430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on the potential value of saliva biomarkers in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of heart failure (HF). The correlation between saliva and plasma values of these biomarkers was also studied. PubMed was searched to collect relevant literature, i.e., case-control, cross-sectional studies that either compared the values of salivary biomarkers among healthy subjects and HF patients, or investigated their role in risk stratification and prognosis in HF patients. No randomized control trials were included. The search ended on 31st of December 2020. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. 18 salivary biomarkers were analyzed and the levels of all biomarkers studied were found to be higher in HF patients compared to controls, except for amylase, sodium, and chloride that had smaller saliva concentrations in HF patients. Natriuretic peptides are the most commonly used plasma biomarkers in the management of HF. Their saliva levels show promising results, although the correlation of saliva to plasma values is weakened in higher plasma values. In most of the publications, differences in biomarker levels between HF patients and controls were found to be statistically significant. Due to the small number of patients included, larger studies need to be conducted in order to facilitate the use of saliva biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidonis Rammos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Aris Bechlioulis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Petros Kalogeras
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Evanthia E. Tripoliti
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.E.T.); (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Yorgos Goletsis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.E.T.); (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
- Department of Economics, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Kalivi
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Effrosyni Blathra
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, PI 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.S.); (M.G.T.)
| | - M. Giovanna Trivella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, PI 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.S.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, PI 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (R.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, PI 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (R.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bellagambi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, PI 56124 Pisa, Italy; (T.L.); (R.F.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA)—UMR 5280, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France;
| | - Chris J. Watson
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, DUBLIN 4, Dublin, Ireland;
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT97BL, UK
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA)—UMR 5280, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Lyon, France;
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.E.T.); (Y.G.); (D.I.F.)
- Department of Economics, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lampros K. Michalis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Katerina K. Naka
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina and University Hospital of Ioannina, GR 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.R.); (A.B.); (P.K.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (L.K.M.)
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22
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La Nasa J, Lomonaco T, Manco E, Ceccarini A, Fuoco R, Corti A, Modugno F, Castelvetro V, Degano I. Plastic breeze: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by degrading macro- and microplastics analyzed by selected ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2021; 270:128612. [PMID: 33127106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from microplastics (MPs) has become one of the most relevant topics in environmental chemistry. The risks related to MPs include their capability to adsorb toxic and harmful molecular species, and to release additives and degradation products into ecosystems. Their role as a primary source of a broad range of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has also been recently reported. In this work, we applied a non-destructive approach based on selected-ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for the characterization of VOCs released from a set of plastic debris collected from a sandy beach in northern Tuscany. The interpretation of the individual SIFT-MS spectra, aided by principal component data analysis, allowed us to relate the aged polymeric materials that make up the plastic debris (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate) to their VOC emission profile, degradation level, and sampling site. The study proves the potential of SIFT-MS application in the field, as a major advance to obtain fast and reliable information on the VOCs emitted from microplastics. The possibility to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on plastic debris in less than 2 min also makes SIFT-MS a useful and innovative tool for future monitoring campaigns involving statistically significant sets of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Manco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Lomonaco T, Salvo P, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Vivaldi F, Bonini A, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Stability of volatile organic compounds in sorbent tubes following SARS-CoV-2 inactivation procedures. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 33752195 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf0b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly transmissible respiratory illness that has rapidly spread all over the world causing more than 115 million cases and 2.5 million deaths. Most epidemiological projections estimate that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing the infection will circulate in the next few years and raise enormous economic and social issues. COVID-19 has a dramatic impact on health care systems and patient management, and is delaying or stopping breath research activities due to the risk of infection to the operators following contact with patients, potentially infected samples or contaminated equipment. In this scenario, we investigated whether virus inactivation procedures, based on a thermal treatment (60 °C for 1 h) or storage of tubes at room temperature for 72 h, could be used to allow the routine breath analysis workflow to carry on with an optimal level of safety during the pandemic. Tests were carried out using dry and humid gaseous samples containing about 100 representative chemicals found in exhaled breath and ambient air. Samples were collected in commercially available sorbent tubes, i.e. Tenax GR and a combination of Tenax TA, Carbograph 1TD and Carboxen 1003. Our results showed that all compounds were stable at room temperature up to 72 h and that sample humidity was the key factor affecting the stability of the compounds upon thermal treatment. Tenax GR-based sorbent tubes were less impacted by the thermal treatment, showing variations in the range 20%-30% for most target analytes. A significant loss of aldehydes and sulphur compounds was observed using carbon molecular sieve-based tubes. In this case, a dry purge step before inactivation at 60 °C significantly reduced the loss of the target analytes, whose variations were comparable to the method variability. Finally, a breath analysis workflow including a SARS-CoV-2 inactivation treatment is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abba A, Accorsi C, Agnes P, Alessi E, Amaudruz P, Annovi A, Desages FA, Back S, Badia C, Bagger J, Basile V, Batignani G, Bayo A, Bell B, Beschi M, Biagini D, Bianchi G, Bicelli S, Bishop D, Boccali T, Bombarda A, Bonfanti S, Bonivento WM, Bouchard M, Breviario M, Brice S, Brown R, Calvo-Mozota JM, Camozzi L, Camozzi M, Capra A, Caravati M, Carlini M, Ceccanti A, Celano B, Cela Ruiz JM, Charette C, Cogliati G, Constable M, Crippa C, Croci G, Cudmore S, Dahl CE, Dal Molin A, Daley M, Di Guardo C, D'Avenio G, Davignon O, Del Tutto M, De Ruiter J, Devoto A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo P, Di Francesco F, Dossi M, Druszkiewicz E, Duma C, Elliott E, Farina D, Fernandes C, Ferroni F, Finocchiaro G, Fiorillo G, Ford R, Foti G, Fournier RD, Franco D, Fricbergs C, Gabriele F, Galbiati C, Garcia Abia P, Gargantini A, Giacomelli L, Giacomini F, Giacomini F, Giarratana LS, Gillespie S, Giorgi D, Girma T, Gobui R, Goeldi D, Golf F, Gorel P, Gorini G, Gramellini E, Grosso G, Guescini F, Guetre E, Hackman G, Hadden T, Hawkins W, Hayashi K, Heavey A, Hersak G, Hessey N, Hockin G, Hudson K, Ianni A, Ienzi C, Ippolito V, James CC, Jillings C, Kendziora C, Khan S, Kim E, King M, King S, Kittmer A, Kochanek I, Kowalkowski J, Krücken R, Kushoro M, Kuula S, Laclaustra M, Leblond G, Lee L, Lennarz A, Leyton M, Li X, Liimatainen P, Lim C, Lindner T, Lomonaco T, Lu P, Lubna R, Lukhanin GA, Luzón G, MacDonald M, Magni G, Maharaj R, Manni S, Mapelli C, Margetak P, Martin L, Martin S, Martínez M, Massacret N, McClurg P, McDonald AB, Meazzi E, Migalla R, Mohayai T, Tosatti LM, Monzani G, Moretti C, Morrison B, Mountaniol M, Muraro A, Napoli P, Nati F, Natzke CR, Noble AJ, Norrick A, Olchanski K, Ortiz de Solorzano A, Padula F, Pallavicini M, Palumbo I, Panontin E, Papini N, Parmeggiano L, Parmeggiano S, Patel K, Patel A, Paterno M, Pellegrino C, Pelliccione P, Pesudo V, Pocar A, Pope A, Pordes S, Prelz F, Putignano O, Raaf JL, Ratti C, Razeti M, Razeto A, Reed D, Refsgaard J, Reilly T, Renshaw A, Retriere F, Riccobene E, Rigamonti D, Rizzi A, Rode J, Romualdez J, Russel L, Sablone D, Sala S, Salomoni D, Salvo P, Sandoval A, Sansoucy E, Santorelli R, Savarese C, Scapparone E, Schaubel T, Scorza S, Settimo M, Shaw B, Shawyer S, Sher A, Shi A, Skensved P, Slutsky A, Smith B, Smith NJT, Stenzler A, Straubel C, Stringari P, Suchenek M, Sur B, Tacchino S, Takeuchi L, Tardocchi M, Tartaglia R, Thomas E, Trask D, Tseng J, Tseng L, VanPagee L, Vedia V, Velghe B, Viel S, Visioli A, Viviani L, Vonica D, Wada M, Walter D, Wang H, Wang MHLS, Westerdale S, Wood D, Yates D, Yue S, Zambrano V. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic. Phys Fluids (1994) 2021; 33:037122. [PMID: 33897243 PMCID: PMC8060010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abba
- Nuclear Instruments S.R.L., Como 22045, Italy
| | - C. Accorsi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - P. Agnes
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - E. Alessi
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - P. Amaudruz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Annovi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - F. Ardellier Desages
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S. Back
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - C. Badia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - J. Bagger
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - V. Basile
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - A. Bayo
- LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain
| | - B. Bell
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | | | - D. Biagini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - G. Bianchi
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - S. Bicelli
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - D. Bishop
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Bombarda
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - S. Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | | | - M. Bouchard
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - M. Breviario
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - S. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R. Brown
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - J. M. Calvo-Mozota
- LSC, Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, Canfranc-Estación 22880, Spain
| | - L. Camozzi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - M. Camozzi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - A. Capra
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M. Caravati
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - M. Carlini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | | | - B. Celano
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - J. M. Cela Ruiz
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - C. Charette
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - G. Cogliati
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - M. Constable
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C. Crippa
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - G. Croci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - S. Cudmore
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - A. Dal Molin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - M. Daley
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - C. Di Guardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche ed Aziendali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - G. D'Avenio
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, ISS (Italy National Institute of Health), Roma 00161, Italy
| | - O. Davignon
- Laboratoire Leprince Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Cedex 91128, France
| | - M. Del Tutto
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J. De Ruiter
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - A. Devoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - F. Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - M. Dossi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - E. Druszkiewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C. Duma
- INFN-CNAF, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - E. Elliott
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - D. Farina
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - R. Ford
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | | | | | - D. Franco
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - F. Gabriele
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | | | - P. Garcia Abia
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A. Gargantini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale, dell'Informazione e della Produzione, Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - L. Giacomelli
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | | | - S. Gillespie
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D. Giorgi
- Camozzi Group S.p.A., Brescia BS 25126, Italy
| | - T. Girma
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - R. Gobui
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | | | - F. Golf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508, USA
| | - P. Gorel
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - G. Gorini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - E. Gramellini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Grosso
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - F. Guescini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), 80805 München, Germany
| | - E. Guetre
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. Hackman
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Hadden
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - K. Hayashi
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Hersak
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - N. Hessey
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. Hockin
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - K. Hudson
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Ianni
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C. Ienzi
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - C. C. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - C. Kendziora
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S. Khan
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - E. Kim
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - M. King
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. King
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - A. Kittmer
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - I. Kochanek
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - J. Kowalkowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - M. Kushoro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - S. Kuula
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | | | - G. Leblond
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - L. Lee
- Department of APT, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - A. Lennarz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M. Leyton
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - X. Li
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - C. Lim
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Lindner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Lomonaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - P. Lu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R. Lubna
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - G. A. Lukhanin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - G. Luzón
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - M. MacDonald
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - G. Magni
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - R. Maharaj
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Manni
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C. Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - P. Margetak
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - L. Martin
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Martin
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | | | - N. Massacret
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P. McClurg
- Department of Respiratory and Anaesthesia Technology, Vanier College, Montréal, Quebec H4L 3X9, Canada
| | | | - E. Meazzi
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | - T. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L. M. Tosatti
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, CNR STIIMA, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - G. Monzani
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - C. Moretti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | | | | | - A. Muraro
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - P. Napoli
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - F. Nati
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - C. R. Natzke
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - K. Olchanski
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Ortiz de Solorzano
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - F. Padula
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth (Washington), Australia
| | | | - I. Palumbo
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - E. Panontin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - N. Papini
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | | | - K. Patel
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Patel
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - M. Paterno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | | | | | - A. Pocar
- Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A. Pope
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F. Prelz
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - O. Putignano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - C. Ratti
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - M. Razeti
- INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - A. Razeto
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - D. Reed
- Equilibar L.L.C., Fletcher, North Carolina 28732, USA
| | - J. Refsgaard
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T. Reilly
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - A. Renshaw
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - F. Retriere
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E. Riccobene
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - D. Rigamonti
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | | | | | - J. Romualdez
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L. Russel
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - D. Sablone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - S. Sala
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | | | - P. Salvo
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, IFC-CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - E. Sansoucy
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - R. Santorelli
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - C. Savarese
- Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - T. Schaubel
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. Scorza
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - M. Settimo
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes 44300, France
| | - B. Shaw
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Shawyer
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - A. Sher
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A. Shi
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - A. Slutsky
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - B. Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Stenzler
- 12th Man Technologies, Garden Grove, California 92841, USA
| | - C. Straubel
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - P. Stringari
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, CTP-Centre of Thermodynamics of Processes, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - M. Suchenek
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland
| | - B. Sur
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | | | - L. Takeuchi
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M. Tardocchi
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, ISTP-CNR, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - R. Tartaglia
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (AQ) 67100, Italy
| | - E. Thomas
- Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - D. Trask
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - J. Tseng
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, The Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L. Tseng
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - L. VanPagee
- JMP Solutions, London, Ontario N6N 1E2, Canada
| | - V. Vedia
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B. Velghe
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - A. Visioli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - L. Viviani
- Elemaster Group S.p.A., Lomagna (LC) 23871, Italy
| | - D. Vonica
- VEXOS, Markham, Ontario L3R 9X6, Canada
| | - M. Wada
- AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-614, Poland
| | - D. Walter
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - H. Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M. H. L. S. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | | | - D. Wood
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - D. Yates
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S. Yue
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - V. Zambrano
- CAPA (Centro de Astropartículas y Física de Altas Energías), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Wilkinson M, White IR, Hamshere K, Holz O, Schuchardt S, Bellagambi FG, Lomonaco T, Biagini D, Di Francesco F, Fowler SJ. The peppermint breath test: a benchmarking protocol for breath sampling and analysis using GC-MS. J Breath Res 2020; 15. [PMID: 33302258 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abd28c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which offers the potential for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of diseases. As the breath research field has grown, sampling and analytical practices have become highly varied between groups. Standardisation would allow meta-analyses of data from multiple studies and greater confidence in published results. The Peppermint Consortium has been formed to address this task of standardisation. In the current study we aimed to generate initial benchmark values for thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of breath samples containing peppermint-derived VOCs. Headspace analysis of peppermint oil capsules was performed to determine compounds of interest. Ten healthy participants were recruited by three groups. Each participant provided a baseline breath sample prior to taking a peppermint capsule, with further samples collected at 60, 90, 165, 285 and 360 min following ingestion. Sampling and analytical protocols were different for each institution, in line with their usual practice. Samples were analysed by TD-GC-MS and benchmarking values determined for the time taken for detected peppermint VOCs to return to baseline values. Sixteen compounds were identified in the capsule headspace. Additionally, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineole was uniquely found in the breath samples, with a washout profile that suggested it was a product of peppermint metabolism. Five compounds (α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, menthol and menthone) were quantified by all three groups. Differences in recovery were observed between the groups, particularly for menthone and menthol. The average time taken for VOCs to return to baseline was selected as the benchmark and were 441, 648, 1736, 643 and 375 min for α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, menthone and menthol respectively. An initial set of easy-to-measure benchmarking values for assessing the performance of TD-GC-MS systems for the analysis of VOCs in breath is presented. These values will be updated when more groups provide additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Wilkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Iain R White
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SLOVENIA
| | - Katie Hamshere
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Olaf Holz
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, GERMANY
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Fraunhofer-Institut fur Toxikologie und Experimentelle Medizin, Hannover, GERMANY
| | - Francesca G Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, FRANCE, 69100, FRANCE
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Pisa, ITALY
| | - Denise Biagini
- Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Pisa, ITALY
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Pisa, ITALY
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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Bellagambi FG, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of peppermint compounds in breath by needle trap micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2020; 15. [PMID: 33238253 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abcdec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is an alternative approach for disease diagnosis and for monitoring therapy. The lack of standardized procedures for collecting and analysing breath samples currently limits its use in clinical practice. In order to overcome this limitation, the "Peppermint Consortium" was established within the breath community to carry out breath wash-out experiments and define reference values for a panel of compounds contained in the peppermint oil capsule. Here, we present a needle trap micro-extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for a rapid and accurate determination of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, eucalyptol, menthofuran, menthone, menthol and menthyl acetate in mixed breath samples. Detection limits between 1 and 20 pptv were observed when 25 mL of a humidified standard gas mixture were loaded into a needle trap device at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. Inter- and intra-day precisions were lower than 15%, thus confirming the reliability of the assay. Our procedure was used to analyse breath samples taken from a nominally healthy volunteer who were invited to swallow a 200 mg capsule of peppermint oil. Six samples were collected at various times within six hours of ingestion. Analyte concentrations were not affected by the sampling mode (i.e. mixed vs. end-tidal fraction), whereas respiratory rate and exhalation flow rate values slightly influenced the concentration of the target compounds in breath samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca G Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, FRANCE, 69100, FRANCE
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Universita degli Studi di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi, 13, Pisa, Tuscany, 56124, ITALY
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, ITALY
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27
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Dubois S, Marchese F, Pigliasco F, Barco S, Tripodi G, Lomonaco T, Lattanzi S, Russo E, Cangemi G, Striano P. A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique to Monitor Cannabidiol Levels in Epilepsy Patients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582286. [PMID: 33364956 PMCID: PMC7751733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Interest in cannabis-based therapies has recently increased, due to the availability of cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of epilepsy without psychoactive effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring can prevent drug interactions and minimize drug toxicity. We evaluated a volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) method combined with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) for the quantification of CBD blood levels in patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods: Prospective observation of patients with Dravet syndrome receiving open-label, add-on GW-purified CBD (Epidyolex®) at different doses. CBD plasma samples were obtained from venipuncture and LC-MS/MS was used to measure CBD in venous and capillary blood samples collected by VAMS. Results: We enrolled five patients with a mean age of 13 (range: 4–27) years. CBD levels measured by VAMS on capillary blood did not differ from CBD levels measured in plasma by venipuncture (R2 > 0.93). Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study suggests that VAMS allows monitoring of CBD plasma levels and can offer valuable support for personalized therapy in refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dubois
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Pigliasco
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analyses, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Barco
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analyses, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gino Tripodi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analyses, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cangemi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analyses, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Salvo P, Vivaldi FM, Bonini A, Biagini D, Bellagambi FG, Miliani FM, Di Francesco F, Lomonaco T. Biosensors for Detecting Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulins. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:E155. [PMID: 33121071 PMCID: PMC7694141 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Federico M. Vivaldi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Francesca G. Bellagambi
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon 1, 5, rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Filippo M. Miliani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (F.M.M.); (F.D.F.); (T.L.)
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Campanella B, Lomonaco T, Benedetti E, Onor M, Nieri R, Bramanti E. Validation and Application of a Derivatization-Free RP-HPLC-DAD Method for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Salivary Metabolites. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6158. [PMID: 32854235 PMCID: PMC7503734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is an interesting, non-conventional, valuable diagnostic fluid. It can be collected using standardized sampling device; thus, its sampling is easy and non-invasive, it contains a variety of organic metabolites that reflect blood composition. The aim of this study was to validate a user-friendly method for the simultaneous determination of low molecular weight metabolites in saliva. We have optimized and validated a high throughput, direct, low-cost reversed phase liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection method without any pre- or post-column derivatization. We indexed salivary biomolecules in 35 whole non-stimulated saliva samples collected in 8 individuals in different days, including organic acids and amino acids and other carbonyl compounds. Among these, 16 whole saliva samples were collected by a single individual over three weeks before, during and after treatment with antibiotic in order to investigate the dynamics of metabolites. The concentrations of the metabolites were compared with the literature data. The multianalyte method here proposed requires a minimal sample handling and it is cost-effectiveness as it makes possible to analyze a high number of samples with basic instrumentation. The identification and quantitation of salivary metabolites may allow the definition of potential biomarkers for non-invasive "personal monitoring" during drug treatments, work out, or life habits over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Campanella
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Benedetti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Massimo Onor
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Riccardo Nieri
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds-ICCOM, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.C.); (M.O.); (R.N.)
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30
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Henderson B, Ruszkiewicz DM, Wilkinson M, Beauchamp JD, Cristescu SM, Fowler SJ, Salman D, Francesco FD, Koppen G, Langejürgen J, Holz O, Hadjithekli A, Moreno S, Pedrotti M, Sinues P, Slingers G, Wilde M, Lomonaco T, Zanella D, Zenobi R, Focant JF, Grassin-Delyle S, Franchina FA, Malásková M, Stefanuto PH, Pugliese G, Mayhew C, Thomas CLP. A benchmarking protocol for breath analysis: the peppermint experiment. J Breath Res 2020; 14:046008. [PMID: 32604084 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aba130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has shown promise for detection of a range of diseases but results have proved hard to replicate due to a lack of standardization. In this work we introduce the 'Peppermint Initiative'. The initiative seeks to disseminate a standardized experiment that allows comparison of breath sampling and data analysis methods. Further, it seeks to share a set of benchmark values for the measurement of VOCs in breath. Pilot data are presented to illustrate the standardized approach to the interpretation of results obtained from the Peppermint experiment. This pilot study was conducted to determine the washout profile of peppermint compounds in breath, identify appropriate sampling time points, and formalise the data analysis. Five and ten participants were recruited to undertake a standardized intervention by ingesting a peppermint oil capsule that engenders a predictable and controlled change in the VOC profile in exhaled breath. After collecting a pre-ingestion breath sample, five further samples are taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after ingestion. Samples were analysed using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to multi-capillary column and thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A regression analysis of the washout data was used to determine sampling times for the final peppermint protocol, and the time for the compound measurement to return to baseline levels was selected as a benchmark value. A measure of the quality of the data generated from a given technique is proposed by comparing data fidelity. This study protocol has been used for all subsequent measurements by the Peppermint Consortium (16 partners from seven countries). So far 1200 breath samples from 200 participants using a range of sampling and analytical techniques have been collected. The data from the consortium will be disseminated in subsequent technical notes focussing on results from individual platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Exhaled Biomarkers and Exposure, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Lomonaco T, Manco E, Corti A, La Nasa J, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Di Francesco F, Modugno F, Ceccarini A, Fuoco R, Castelvetro V. Release of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from photo-degraded plastic debris: A neglected source of environmental pollution. J Hazard Mater 2020; 394:122596. [PMID: 32302919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution associated to plastic debris is gaining increasing relevance not only as a threat to ecosystems but also for its possible harmful effects on biota and human health. The release of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a potential hazard associated with the environmental weathering of plastic debris. Artificial aging of reference polymers (polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, high and low density polyethylene) was performed in a Solar Box at 40 °C and 750 W/m2. The volatile degradation products were determined before and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of aging using a validated analytical procedure combining headspace (HS) with needle trap microextraction (NTME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A progressive increase in VOCs was observed during artificial photo-degradation, whose chemical profile resulted polymer-dependent and included carbonyls, lactones, esters, acids, alcohols, ethers, aromatics. The amount of extractable fraction in polar solvents generally showed a similar trend. The same analytical procedure was used to determine VOCs released from plastic debris collected at a marine beach. All samples released harmful compounds (e.g. acrolein, benzene, propanal, methyl vinyl ketone, and methyl propenyl ketone), supporting the initial hypothesis that microplastics represent an unrecognized source of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Enrico Manco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Corti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
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32
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Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Bellagambi FG, Biagini D, Salvo P, Trivella MG, Scali MC, Barletta V, Marzilli M, Di Francesco F, Errachid A, Fuoco R. Salivary lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F 2α as potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring heart failure: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7441. [PMID: 32366899 PMCID: PMC7198483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease affecting about 26 million people worldwide costing about $100 billons per year. HF activates several compensatory mechanisms and neurohormonal systems, so we hypothesized that the concomitant monitoring of a panel of potential biomarkers related to such conditions might help predicting HF evolution. Saliva analysis by point-of-care devices is expected to become an innovative and powerful monitoring approach since the chemical composition of saliva mirrors that of blood. The aims of this study were (i) to develop an innovative procedure combining MEPS with UHPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and cortisol in saliva and (ii) to monitor lactate, uric acid, TNF-α, cortisol, α-amylase and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α concentrations in stimulated saliva samples collected from 44 HF patients during their hospitalisation due to acute HF. Limit of detection of 10 pg/mL, satisfactory recovery (95–110%), and good intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD ≤ 10%) were obtained for 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and cortisol. Salivary lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α were strongly correlated with NT-proBNP. Most patients (about 70%) showed a significant decrease (a factor of 3 at least) of both lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α levels at discharge, suggesting a relationship between salivary levels and improved clinical conditions during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca G Bellagambi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Univ Lyon, CNRS, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria G Trivella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria C Scali
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Barletta
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Marzilli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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33
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Lomonaco T, Salvo P, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Antoni S, Bellagambi FG, Di Francesco F, Fuoco R. A sampler prototype for the simultaneous collection of exhaled air and breath condensate. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:2226-2229. [PMID: 31946343 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled air and breath condensate contain a large number of health biomarkers, such as volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, proteins and lipids. Nowadays, the collection of breath samples is carried out by commercial or lab-made sampling systems that collect only one type of sample (e.g. gaseous or condensate phase), thus limiting the diagnostic capability of breath tests. This work presents a portable prototype optimized for the simultaneous collection of gaseous exhaled breath and exhaled breath condensate within five minutes. The system is fully portable and has a total weight of about 1 Kg. An illustrative determination of ethanol, isoprene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, toluene and xylenes in breath, and cortisol and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in breath condensate is discussed.
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34
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Tripoliti EE, Karanasiou GS, Ioannidou P, Toumpaniaris P, Goletsis Y, Baussels J, Lomonaco T, Pfeiffer N, Anasthase R, Tsopela A, Leekens B, Naka KK, Lourme JC, Salvo P, Liakopoulos T, Jordan J, Gallagher J, Errachid A, Fotiadis DI. KardiaTool: An Integrated POC Solution for Non-invasive Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring of Heart Failure Patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2019; 2018:3878-3881. [PMID: 30441209 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present KardiaTool platform, an integrated Point of Care (POC) solution for noninvasive diagnosis and therapy monitoring of Heart Failure (HF) patients. The KardiaTool platform consists of two components, KardiaPOC and KardiaSoft. KardiaPOC is an easy to use portable device with a disposable Lab-on-Chip (LOC) for the rapid, accurate, non-invasive and simultaneous quantitative assessment of four HF related biomarkers, from saliva samples. KardiaSoft is a decision support software based on predictive modeling techniques that analyzes the POC data and other patient's data, and delivers information related to HF diagnosis and therapy monitoring. It is expected that identifying a source comparable to blood, for biomarker information extraction, such as saliva, that is cost-effective, less invasive, more convenient and acceptable for both patients and healthcare professionals would be beneficial for the healthcare community. In this work the architecture and the functionalities of the KardiaTool platform are presented.
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Lomonaco T, Romani A, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Bellagambi FG, Onor M, Salvo P, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath by on-sorbent derivatization coupled with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Piga I, Biagini D, Onor M, Fuoco R, Paolicchi A, Ruocco L, Pellegrini G, Trivella M, Di Francesco F. Monitoring of warfarin therapy: Preliminary results from a longitudinal pilot study. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bellagambi F, Degano I, Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Dini V, Romanelli M, Mastorci F, Gemignani A, Salvo P, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of salivary α-amylase and cortisol in psoriatic subjects undergoing the Trier Social Stress Test. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Biagini D, Bellagambi F, Onor M, Trivella M, Ruocco L, Pellegrini G, Di Francesco F, Fuoco R. Determination of warfarin and warfarin alcohols in dried blood spots by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Biagini D, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Bellagambi FG, Onor M, Scali MC, Barletta V, Marzilli M, Salvo P, Trivella MG, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of heart failure patients by needle trap micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2017; 11:047110. [PMID: 29052557 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa94e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analytical performances of needle trap micro-extraction (NTME) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were evaluated by analyzing a mixture of twenty-two representative breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chemical classes (i.e. hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, aromatics and sulfurs). NTME is an emerging technique that guarantees detection limits in the pptv range by pre-concentrating low volumes of sample, and it is particularly suitable for breath analysis. For most VOCs, detection limits between 20 and 500 pptv were obtained by pre-concentrating 25 ml of a humidified standard gas mixture at a flow rate of 15 ml min-1. For all compounds, inter- and intra-day precisions were always below 15%, confirming the reliability of the method. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of exhaled breath samples collected from forty heart failure (HF) patients during their stay in the University Hospital of Pisa. The majority of patients (about 80%) showed a significant decrease of breath acetone levels (a factor of 3 or higher) at discharge compared to admission (acute phase) in correspondence to the improved clinical conditions during hospitalization, thus making this compound eligible as a biomarker of HF exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Melai B, Salvo P, Calisi N, Moni L, Bonini A, Paoletti C, Lomonaco T, Mollica V, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. A graphene oxide pH sensor for wound monitoring. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:1898-1901. [PMID: 28324956 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the fabrication and characterization of a pH sensor for monitoring the wound status. The pH sensitive layer consists of a graphene oxide (GO) layer obtained by drop-casting 5 μΐ of GO dispersion onto the working electrode of a screen-printed substrate. Sensitivity was 31.8 mV/pH with an accuracy of 0.3 unit of pH. Open-circuit potentiometry was carried out to measure pH in an exudate sample. The GO pH sensor proved to be reliable as the comparison with results obtained from a standard glass electrode pH-meter showed negligible differences (<; 0.09 pH units in the worst case) for measurements performed over a period of 4 days.
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Onor M, Gufoni S, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Salvo P, Sorrentino F, Bramanti E. Potentiometric sensor for non invasive lactate determination in human sweat. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:80-87. [PMID: 28915945 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes a non invasive lactate sensing in sweat during workout. The sensing system is based on a non-equilibrium potentiometric measure performed using disposable, chemically modified, screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) that can be wetted with sweat during the exercise. The potentiometric signal, which is proportional to lactate concentration in sweat, is produced by a redox reaction activated by UV radiation, as opposed to the enzymatic reaction employed in traditional, blood-based measuring devices. The sensing system exhibits chemical selectivity toward lactate with linearity from 1 mM up to 180 mM. The dynamic linear range is suitable for measurement of lactate in sweat, which is more than 10 times concentrated than hematic lactate and reaches more than 100 mM in sweat during workout. The noninvasive measure can be repeated many times during exercise and during the recovery time in order to get personal information on the physiological and training status as well as on the physical performance. The device was successfully applied to several human subjects for the measurement of sweat lactate during prolonged cycling exercise. During the exercise sweat was simultaneously sampled on filter paper and extracted in water, and the lactate was determined by HPLC for method validation. The lactate concentration changes during the exercise reflected the intensity of physical effort. This method has perspectives in many sport disciplines as well as in health care and biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Onor
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM- UOS Pisa, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gufoni
- Marwan Technology Srl, Via L. Gereschi 36, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiodor Sorrentino
- Marwan Technology Srl, Via L. Gereschi 36, 56127, Pisa, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM- UOS Pisa, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Tripoliti EE, Papadopoulos TG, Karanasiou GS, Kalatzis FG, Goletsis Y, Bechlioulis A, Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Bellagambi F, Trivella MG, Fuoco R, Marzilli M, Scali MC, Naka KK, Errachid A, Fotiadis DI. A computational approach for the estimation of heart failure patients status using saliva biomarkers. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2017:3648-3651. [PMID: 29060689 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a computational approach for the estimation of the severity of heart failure (HF) in terms of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and the characterization of the status of the HF patients, during hospitalization, as acute, progressive or stable. The proposed method employs feature selection and classification techniques. However, it is differentiated from the methods reported in the literature since it exploits information that biomarkers fetch. The method is evaluated on a dataset of 29 patients, through a 10-fold-cross-validation approach. The accuracy is 94 and 77% for the estimation of HF severity and the status of HF patients during hospitalization, respectively.
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Salvo P, Calisi N, Melai B, Dini V, Paoletti C, Lomonaco T, Pucci A, Di Francesco F, Piaggesi A, Romanelli M. Temperature- and pH-sensitive wearable materials for monitoring foot ulcers. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:949-954. [PMID: 28203074 PMCID: PMC5293368 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot ulcers account for 15% of comorbidities associated with diabetes. Presently, no device allows the status of foot ulcers to be continuously monitored when patients are not hospitalized. In this study, we describe a temperature and a pH sensor capable of monitoring diabetic foot and venous leg ulcers developed in the frame of the seventh framework program European Union project SWAN-iCare (smart wearable and autonomous negative pressure device for wound monitoring and therapy). Temperature is measured by exploiting the variations in the electrical resistance of a nanocomposite consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene). The pH sensor used a graphene oxide (GO) layer that changes its electrical potential when pH changes. The temperature sensor has a sensitivity of ~85 Ω/°C in the range 25°C–50°C and a high repeatability (maximum standard deviation of 0.1% over seven repeated measurements). For a GO concentration of 4 mg/mL, the pH sensor has a sensitivity of ~42 mV/pH and high linearity (R2=0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa; Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research
| | - Nicola Calisi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa
| | - Bernardo Melai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa
| | - Valentina Dini
- Wound Healing Research Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa
| | - Clara Paoletti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa
| | | | - Alberto Piaggesi
- Diabetic Foot Section, Department of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Wound Healing Research Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa
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Lomonaco T, Salvo P, Ghimenti S, Biagini D, Bellagambi F, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. A breath sampling system assessing the influence of respiratory rate on exhaled breath composition. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:7618-21. [PMID: 26738056 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a computerized system to monitor mouth pressure, tidal volume, exhaled airflow, respiration rate and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 during breath collection. The system was used to investigate the effect of different respiratory rates on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations in exhaled breath. For this purpose, VOCs with well-defined biochemical pathways and different chemical and physical properties were selected as biomarkers related to metabolism (acetone and isopropyl alcohol), cholesterol synthesis (isoprene) and intestinal microflora activity (ethanol). Mixed breath was collected from a nominally healthy volunteer in resting conditions by filling a Nalophan bag. The subject followed a regimented breathing pattern at different respiratory rates (10, 30 and 50 breaths per minute). Results highlight that ventilation pattern strongly influences the concentration of the selected compounds. The proposed system allows exhaled breath to be collected also in patients showing dyspnea such as in case of chronic heart failure, asthma and pulmonary diseases.
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Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Bellagambi FG, Tabucchi S, Onor M, Trivella MG, Ceccarini A, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Comparison of sampling bags for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in breath. J Breath Res 2015; 9:047110. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/4/047110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Salvo P, Ferrari C, Persia R, Ghimenti S, Lomonaco T, Bellagambi F, Di Francesco F. A dual mode breath sampler for the collection of the end-tidal and dead space fractions. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:539-44. [PMID: 25922294 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a breath sampler prototype automatically collecting end-tidal (single and multiple breaths) or dead space air fractions (multiple breaths). This result is achieved by real time measurements of the CO2 partial pressure and airflow during the expiratory and inspiratory phases. Suitable algorithms, used to control a solenoid valve, guarantee that a Nalophan(®) bag is filled with the selected breath fraction even if the subject under test hyperventilates. The breath sampler has low pressure drop (<0.5 kPa) and uses inert or disposable components to avoid bacteriological risk for the patients and contamination of the breath samples. A fully customisable software interface allows a real time control of the hardware and software status. The performances of the breath sampler were evaluated by comparing (a) the CO2 partial pressure calculated during the sampling with the CO2 pressure measured off-line within the Nalophan(®) bag; (b) the concentrations of four selected volatile organic compounds in dead space, end-tidal and mixed breath fractions. Results showed negligible deviations between calculated and off-line CO2 pressure values and the distributions of the selected compounds into dead space, end-tidal and mixed breath fractions were in agreement with their chemical-physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, (INO) - UOS Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Persia
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - T Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bellagambi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Ghimenti S, Tabucchi S, Bellagambi FG, Lomonaco T, Onor M, Trivella MG, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of sevoflurane and isopropyl alcohol in exhaled breath by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for exposure assessment of hospital staff. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 106:218-23. [PMID: 25619625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anaesthetics and disinfection chemicals pose ubiquitous inhalation and dermal exposure risks in hospital and clinic environments. This work demonstrates specific non-invasive breath biomonitoring methodology for assessing staff exposures to sevoflurane (SEV) anaesthetic, documenting its metabolite hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and measuring exposures to isopropanol (IPA) dermal disinfection fluid. Methods are based on breath sample collection in Nalophan bags, followed by an aliquot transfer to adsorption tube, and subsequent analysis by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Ambient levels of IPA were also monitored. These methods could be generalized to other common volatile chemicals found in medical environments. Calibration curves were linear (r(2)=0.999) in the investigated ranges: 0.01-1000 ppbv for SEV, 0.02-1700 ppbv for IPA, and 0.001-0.1 ppbv for HFIP. The instrumental detection limit was 10 pptv for IPA and 5 pptv for SEV, both estimated by extracted ion-TIC chromatograms, whereas the HFIP minimum detectable concentration was 0.5 pptv as estimated in SIM acquisition mode. The methods were applied to hospital staff working in operating rooms and clinics for blood draws. SEV and HFIP were present in all subjects at concentrations in the range of 0.7-18, and 0.002-0.024 ppbv for SEV and HFIP respectively. Correlation between IPA ambient air and breath concentration confirmed the inhalation pathway of exposure (r=0.95, p<0.001) and breath-borne IPA was measured as high as 1500 ppbv. The methodology is easy to implement and valuable for screening exposures to common hospital chemicals. Although the overall exposures documented were generally below levels of health concern in this limited study, outliers were observed that indicate potential for acute exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tabucchi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca G Bellagambi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Piga I, Biagini D, Onor M, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Influence of sampling on the determination of warfarin and warfarin alcohols in oral fluid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114430. [PMID: 25478864 PMCID: PMC4257678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The determination of warfarin, RS/SR- and RR/SS-warfarin alcohols in oral fluid may offer additional information to the INR assay. This study aimed to establish an optimized sampling technique providing the best correlation between the oral fluid and the unbound plasma concentrations of these compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of non-stimulated and stimulated oral fluid, and blood were collected from 14 patients undergoing warfarin therapy. After acidification, analytes were extracted with a dichloromethane/hexane mixture and determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Plasma samples were also ultrafiltered for the determination of the unbound fraction. The chromatographic separation was carried out in isocratic conditions with a phosphate buffer/methanol mobile phase on a C-18 reversed-phase column. The absence of interfering compounds was verified by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF. RESULTS Stimulation generally increased the oral fluid pH to values close to blood pH in about 6 minutes. The concentration of warfarin and RS/SR-warfarin alcohols in oral fluid followed the same trend, whereas the concentration of RR/SS-warfarin alcohols was not affected. Six minute stimulation with chewing gum followed by collection with a polyester swab was the best sampling procedure, with a good repeatability (RSD < 10%) and relatively low inter-subject variability (RSD = 30%) of the oral fluid to plasma ratio. This procedure provided strong correlations between the measured oral fluid and unbound plasma concentration of warfarin (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and RS/SR-warfarin alcohols (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), as well as between stimulated oral fluid and total plasma concentration of warfarin (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) and RS/SR-warfarin alcohols (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The very good correlation between oral fluid and unbound plasma concentration of warfarin and RS/SR-warfarin alcohols suggests that oral fluid analysis could provide clinically useful information for the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, complementary to the INR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghimenti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Piga
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roger Fuoco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Ruocco L, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Piga I, Onor M, Fuoco R, Paolicchi A, Pellegrini G, Giovanna Trivella M, Di Francesco F. C0513: A Non-Invasive Approach for Monitoring Patients Undergoing Anticoagulant Therapy. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Piga I, Onor M, Melai B, Fuoco R, Di Francesco F. Determination of total and unbound warfarin and warfarin alcohols in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:54-62. [PMID: 24054125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two analytical procedures are presented for the determination of the total content and unbound fraction of both warfarin and warfarin alcohols in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out in isocratic conditions at 25°C on a C-18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of a 70% buffer phosphate 25mM at pH=7, 25% methanol and 5% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.2mL/min. Fluorescence detection was performed at 390nm (excitation wavelength 310nm). Neither method showed any detectable interference or matrix effect. Inter-day recovery of the total warfarin and warfarin alcohols at a concentration level of 1000ng/mL was 89±3% and 73±3%, respectively, whereas for their unbound fraction (at a concentration level of 10ng/mL) was 66±8% and 90±7%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (assessed as relative standard deviation) was <10% for both methods. The limits of detection were 0.4 and 0.2ng/mL for warfarin and warfarin alcohols, respectively. The methods were successfully applied to a pooled plasma sample obtained from 69 patients undergoing warfarin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lomonaco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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