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Yan X, Ye Y, Wang L, Xue J, Shen N, Li T. Platelet-rich plasma alleviates neuropathic pain in osteoarthritis by downregulating microglial activation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:331. [PMID: 38725009 PMCID: PMC11080143 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the reasons why the pain is difficult to treat, and microglial activation plays an important role in NP. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a novel therapeutic method for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it's unclarified whether PRP has analgesic effects on NP induced by KOA and the underlying mechanisms unknown. PURPOSE To observe the analgesic effects of PRP on NP induced by KOA and explore the potential mechanisms of PRP in alleviating NP. METHODS KOA was induced in male rats with intra-articular injections of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) on day 0. The rats received PRP or NS (normal saline) treatment at days 15, 17, and 19 after modeling. The Von Frey and Hargreaves tests were applied to assess the pain-related behaviors at different time points. After euthanizing the rats with deep anesthesia at days 28 and 42, the corresponding tissues were taken for subsequent experiments. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and ionized-calcium-binding adapter molecule-1(Iba-1) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the knee histological assessment was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. RESULTS The results indicated that injection of MIA induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which could be reversed by PRP treatment. PRP downregulated the expression of ATF3 within the DRG and Iba-1 within the SDH. Furthermore, an inhibitory effect on cartilage degeneration was observed in the MIA + PRP group only on day 28. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PRP intra-articular injection therapy may be a potential therapeutic agent for relieving NP induced by KOA. This effect could be attributed to downregulation of microglial activation and reduction in nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshuang Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieshan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Crespo PC, Anderson Meira Martins L, Martins OG, Camacho Dos Reis C, Goulart RN, de Souza A, Medeiros LF, Scarabelot VL, Gamaro GD, Silva SP, de Oliveira MR, Torres ILDS, de Souza ICC. Short-term effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation in the nociceptive behavior of neuropathic pain rats in development. AIMS Neurosci 2023; 10:433-446. [PMID: 38188001 PMCID: PMC10767070 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion that triggers pain chronification and central sensitization and it can develop in a different manner, dependent of age. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treating NP. Then, we aimed to investigate the effects of tDCS and BDNF levels in neuropathic pain rats in development, with 30 days old in the beginning of experiments. Eight-five male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury. After establishment of NP, bimodal tDCS was applied to the rats for eight consecutive days, for 20 minutes each session. Subsequently, nociceptive behavior was assessed at baseline, 14 days after surgery, 1 day and 7 days after the end of tDCS. The rats were sacrificed 8 days after the last session of tDCS. An increase in the nociceptive threshold was observed in rats in development 1 day after the end of tDCS (short-term effect), but this effect was not maintained 7 days after the end of tDCS (long-term effect). Furthermore, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were analyzed in the frontal cortex, spinal cord and serum using ELISA assays. The neuropathic pain model showed an effect of BDNF in the spinal cord of rats in development. There were no effects of BNDF levels of pain or tDCS in the frontal cortex or serum. In conclusion, tDCS is an effective technique to relieve nociceptive behavior at a short-term effect in neuropathic pain rats in development, and BDNF levels were not altered at long-term effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Centeno Crespo
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuromodulation: Basic Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Otávio Garcia Martins
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuromodulation: Basic Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Clara Camacho Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuromodulation: Basic Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Netto Goulart
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuromodulation: Basic Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researches, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researches, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine Medical Sciences, Medicine School, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Sabrina Pereira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | | | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researches, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuromodulation: Basic Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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3
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Zancanaro M, Stein DJ, Lopes BC, de Souza A, Ströher Toledo R, de Souza AH, Oliveira SM, Visioli F, Sanches PRS, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Preemptive transcranial direct current stimulation induces analgesia, prevents chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and promotes tissue repair in a rat model of postoperative pain. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137407. [PMID: 37499743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of previous exposure to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on nociceptive, neuroinflammatory, and neurochemical parameters, in rats subjected to an incisional pain model. Forty adult male Wistar rats (60 days old; weighing ∼ 250 g) were divided into five groups: 1. control (C); 2. drugs (D); 3. surgery (S); 4. surgery + sham-tDCS (SsT) and 5. surgery + tDCS (ST). Bimodal tDCS (0.5 mA) was applied for 20 min/day/8 days before the incisional model. Mechanical allodynia (von Frey) was evaluated at different time points after surgery. Cytokines and BDNF levels were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Histology and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) were evaluated in the surgical lesion sites in the right hind paw. The results demonstrate that the surgery procedure increased BDNF and IL-6 levels in the spinal cord levels in the hippocampus, and decreased IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the cerebral cortex, IL-6 levels in the hippocampus, and IL-10 levels in the brainstem and hippocampus. In addition, preemptive tDCS was effective in controlling postoperative pain, increasing BDNF, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the spinal cord and brainstem, increasing IL-1β in the spinal cord, and decreasing IL-6 levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, IL-1β and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. Preemptive tDCS also contributes to tissue repair, preventing chronic inflammation, and consequent fibrosis. Thus, these findings imply that preemptive methods for postoperative pain management should be considered an interesting pain management strategy, and may contribute to the development of clinical applications for tDCS in surgical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Zancanaro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Dirson J Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Bettega C Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher Toledo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alessandra H de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Sara M Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-Clínicas - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Farahbakhsh ZZ, Song K, Branthwaite HE, Erickson KR, Mukerjee S, Nolan SO, Siciliano CA. Systemic kappa opioid receptor antagonism accelerates reinforcement learning via augmentation of novelty processing in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:857-868. [PMID: 36804487 PMCID: PMC10156709 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) is highly anticipated as a pharmacotherapeutic intervention for substance use disorders and depression. The accepted explanation for KOR antagonist-induced amelioration of aberrant behaviors posits that KORs globally function as a negative valence system; antagonism thereby blunts the behavioral influence of negative internal states such as anhedonia and negative affect. While effects of systemic KOR manipulations have been widely reproduced, explicit evaluation of negative valence as an explanatory construct is lacking. Here, we tested a series of falsifiable hypotheses generated a priori based on the negative valence model by pairing reinforcement learning tasks with systemic pharmacological KOR blockade in male C57BL/6J mice. The negative valence model failed to predict multiple experimental outcomes: KOR blockade accelerated contingency learning during both positive and negative reinforcement without altering innate responses to appetitive or aversive stimuli. We next proposed novelty processing, which influences learning independent of valence, as an alternative explanatory construct. Hypotheses based on novelty processing predicted subsequent observations: KOR blockade increased exploration of a novel, but not habituated, environment and augmented the reinforcing efficacy of novel visual stimuli in a sensory reinforcement task. Together, these results revise and extend long-standing theories of KOR system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Z Farahbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keaton Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hannah E Branthwaite
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kirsty R Erickson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Snigdha Mukerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Centeno Crespo P, Anderson Meira Martins L, Camacho Dos Reis C, Fernandes Medeiros L, Leal Scarabelot V, Duzzo Gamaro G, Sandrielly Pereira Soares M, Maria Spanevello R, Moro Stefanello F, Cristina Custódio De Souza I. Transcranial direct current stimulation effects in the pain threshold and in oxidative stress parameters of neuropathic pain rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 803:137179. [PMID: 36914044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate cortical excitability and relieve neuropathic pain (NP), but the role of several biomarkers in this process is not well understood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of tDCS on biochemical parameters in rats with neuropathic pain (NP) induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve. Eighty-eight male 60-day-old Wistar rats were divided into nine groups: control (C), control-electrode off (CEoff), control-tDCS (C-tDCS), sham-lesion (SL), sham-lesion electrode off (SLEoff), sham-lesion (SL-tDCS), lesion (L), lesion electrode off (LEoff), and lesion-tDCS (L-tDCS). After NP establishment, 20-minute bimodal tDCS for 8 consecutive days was applied to the rats. Fourteen days after the induction of NP, rats developed mechanical hyperalgesia with a decreased threshold, and at the end of treatment, an increase in the pain threshold was observed in NP rats. In addition, NP rats had increased levels of reactive species (RS) in the prefrontal cortex, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in NP rats. In the spinal cord, nitrite levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in the L-tDCS group, and it was observed that increased levels in total sulfhydryl content for neuropathic pain rats were reversed by tDCS. In serum analyses, the neuropathic pain model increased the levels of RS and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and decreased the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). In conclusion, bimodal tDCS increased total sulfhydryl content in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain, positively modulating this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Centeno Crespo
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprospecting and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Neuromodulation: Basic Research, Biology Institute, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Clara Camacho Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Cell Neuromodulation: Basic Research, Biology Institute, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96030-000, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researches, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Human Development, Unilasalle, Canoas, RS 92010-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Researches, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- Laboratory of Cell Neuromodulation: Basic Research, Biology Institute, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96030-000, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprospecting and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomarkers, Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, UFPel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprospecting and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprospecting and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Custódio De Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprospecting and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Neuromodulation: Basic Research, Biology Institute, Department of Morphology, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96030-000, Brazil.
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Finamor F, Scarabelot VL, Medeiros LF, Stein DJ, da Silva MD, Callai E, Caumo W, de Souza A, Torres ILS. Involvement of GABAergic, glutamatergic, opioidergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor systems in the trigeminal neuropathic pain process. Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136970. [PMID: 36402255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is an intense pain condition characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia; however, its neural mechanisms are not completely understood. Its management is complex, and studies that investigate its biochemical mechanisms are important for improving clinical approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and opioidergic systems and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the TNP process in rats. TNP is induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). Nociceptive responses were evaluated using the facial von Frey test before and after the administration of GABAergic and opioidergic agonists and glutamatergic antagonists. The rats were divided into vehicle-treated control (C), sham-surgery (SS), and CCI-ION groups, and then subdivided into the vehicle (V)-treated SS-V and CCI-ION-V groups, SS-MK801 and CCI-ION-MK801, treated with the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor selective antagonist MK801; SS-PB and CCI-ION-PB, treated with phenobarbital; SS-BZD and CCI-ION-BZD, treated with diazepam; SS-MOR and CCI-ION-MOR, treated with morphine. BDNF levels were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, trigeminal ganglion, infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve, and serum. CCI-ION induced facial mechanical hyperalgesia. Phenobarbital and morphine reversed the hyperalgesia induced by CCI-ION, and the CCI-BZD group had an increased nociceptive threshold until 60 min. CCI-ION-GLU increased the nociceptive threshold at 60 min. Cerebral cortex and brainstem BDNF levels increased in the CCI-ION and SS groups. Only the CCI group presented high levels of BDNF in the trigeminal ganglion. Our data suggest the involvement of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and opioidergic systems and peripheral BDNF in the TNP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Finamor
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Etiane Callai
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Nucleus of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Netto CA. Role of brain Β-endorphin in memory modulation revisited. Neuroscience 2022; 497:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li X, Zhou W, Wang L, Ye Y, Li T. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alleviates the Chronic Pain of Osteoarthritis by Modulating NMDA Receptors in Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray in Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:203-214. [PMID: 35115824 PMCID: PMC8801364 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s333454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause to lead to chronic pain. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely used to treat nerve disorders and chronic pain. The benefits of tDCS for chronic pain are apparent, but its analgesic mechanism is still unclear. This study observed the analgesic effects of tDCS on OA-induced chronic pain and the changes of NMDA receptor levels in PAG after tDCS treatment in rats to explore the analgesic mechanism of tDCS. Methods After establishing chronic pain by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the rat ankle joint, the rats received tDCS for 14 consecutive days (20 min/day). Before tDCS treatment, Ifenprodil (the selective antagonist of NMDAR2B) was given to rats in different ways: intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The Von Frey and hot plate tests were applied to assess the pain-related behaviors at different time points. The expression level of NMDAR2B was evaluated in midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) by Western blot. In addition, NMDAR2B and c-Fos were observed by the Immunohistochemistry staining after tDCS treatment. Results The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were produced after MIA injection. However, tDCS treatment reverted the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Moreover, tDCS treatment significantly increased the expression of NMDAR2B and the proportion of positive stained cells of NMDAR2B. Besides that, the tDCS treatment also decreased the proportion of positive stained cells of c-Fos in PAG. However, these changes did not occur in the rats given the Ifenprodil (i.c.v.). Conclusion These results indicate that tDCS may increase the expression of NMDA receptors in PAG and strengthen the NMDA receptors-mediated antinociception to alleviate OA-induced chronic pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinshuang Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieshan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tieshan Li, Email
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9
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Toledo RS, Stein DJ, Sanches PRS, da Silva LS, Medeiros HR, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. rTMS induces analgesia and modulates neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in neuropathic pain model rats. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147427. [PMID: 33737061 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is related to the presence of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and spontaneous pain, affecting 7%-10% of the general population. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is applied for NP relief, especially in patients with refractory pain. As NP response to existing treatments is often insufficient, we aimed to evaluate rTMS treatment on the nociceptive response of rats submitted to an NP model and its effect on pro-and anti-neuroinflammatory cytokine and neurotrophin levels. A total of 106 adult male Wistar rats (60 days old) were divided into nine experimental groups: control, control + sham rTMS, control + rTMS, sham NP, sham neuropathic pain + sham rTMS, sham neuropathic pain + rTMS, NP, neuropathic pain + sham rTMS, and neuropathic pain + rTMS. NP establishment was achieved 14 days after the surgery to establish chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Rats were treated with 5 min daily sessions of rTMS for eight consecutive days. Nociceptive behavior was assessed using von Frey and hot plate tests at baseline, after NP establishment, and post-treatment. Biochemical assays to assess the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10, were performed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and spinal cord tissue homogenates. rTMS treatment promoted a partial reversal of mechanical allodynia and total reversal of thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI. Moreover, rTMS increased the levels of BDNF, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the PFC. rTMS may be a promising tool for the treatment of NP. The alterations induced by rTMS on neurochemical parameters may have contributed to the analgesic effect presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ströher Toledo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica - Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Serviço de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Biomédica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica - Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Cioato SG, Medeiros LF, Lopes BC, de Souza A, Medeiros HR, Assumpção JAF, Caumo W, Roesler R, Torres ILS. Antinociceptive and neurochemical effects of a single dose of IB-MECA in chronic pain rat models. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:573-584. [PMID: 33161497 PMCID: PMC7855191 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single administration of IB-MECA, an A3 adenosine receptor agonist, upon the nociceptive response and central biomarkers of rats submitted to chronic pain models. A total of 136 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two protocols: (1) chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) using complete Freund's adjuvant and (2) neuropathic pain (NP) by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was measured using von Frey (VF), Randal-Selitto (RS), and hot plate (HP) tests. Rats were treated with a single dose of IB-MECA (0.5 μmol/kg i.p.), a vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide-DMSO), or positive control (morphine, 5 mg/kg i.p.). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were measured in the brainstem and spinal cord using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The establishment of the chronic pain (CIP or NP) model was observed 14 days after induction by a decreased nociceptive threshold in all three tests (GEE, P < 0.05). The antinociceptive effect of a single dose of IB-MECA was observed in both chronic pain models, but this was more effective in NP model. There was an increase in IL-1β levels promoted by CIP. NP model promoted increase in the brainstem BDNF levels, which was reversed by IB-MECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Fagundes Assumpção
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Neonatal morphine exposure and maternal deprivation alter nociceptive response and central biomarkers' levels throughout the life of rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135350. [PMID: 32889004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of repeated neonatal morphine exposure and/or maternal deprivation(MD) on the nociceptive response and central biomarkers' BDNF, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels at postnatal days 16(PND16), 30(PND30), and 60(PND60). At birth, the litters were standardized to contain 8 pups/dam (n = 58). From PND1 to PND10, the pups of the deprived groups were separated daily from their mothers for 3 h and divided into 5 groups: control(C), saline(S), morphine(M), deprived-saline(DS), and deprived-morphine(DM). The pups received subcutaneous injections of saline/morphine (5 μg) in the mid-scapular area between PND8 and PND14. Nociceptive responses were assessed by hot plate(HP) and tail-flick(TFL) tests and biomarker levels by ELISA. Thermal hyperalgesia(HP) was found in all assessments for the M, DS, and DM groups, and a decrease in nociceptive threshold(TFL) was found in the DS group at PND16; M and DM groups at PND30; and M, DS, and DM groups at PND60. There were interactions between treatment/deprivation/timepoint in all central biomarkers' levels. The current study indicates that neonatal exposure to morphine and MD, which occurs in the pediatric ICU, can alter the nociceptive and neuroinflammatory responses.
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12
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Lopes BC, Medeiros LF, Silva de Souza V, Cioato SG, Medeiros HR, Regner GG, Lino de Oliveira C, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres IL. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with exercise modulates the inflammatory profile and hyperalgesic response in rats subjected to a neuropathic pain model: Long-term effects. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:774-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Huf F, Bandiera S, Müller CB, Gea L, Carvalho FB, Rahmeier FL, Reiter KC, Tortorelli LS, Gomez R, da Cruz Fernandes M. Comparative study on the effects of cigarette smoke exposure, ethanol consumption and association: Behavioral parameters, apoptosis, glial fibrillary acid protein and S100β immunoreactivity in different regions of the rat hippocampus. Alcohol 2019; 77:101-112. [PMID: 30870710 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke and ethanol are proposed to trigger neurotoxicity, apoptosis, and to impair neuronal signaling. However, it is little known how the combination of both might trigger astrogliosis and the morphological changes capable of affecting a differential susceptibility of hippocampal regions to these licit drugs. The present study investigated the chronic effects of exposure to cigarette smoke and/or ethanol on behavioral parameters, apoptosis, and alteration in immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and S100β in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) of the rat hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: vehicle (VE, glucose 3% in water, 10 mL/kg), cigarette smoke (TOB, total 12 cigarettes per day), ethanol (ethanol, 2 g/kg), and cigarette smoke plus ethanol (TOB plus ethanol, total 12 cigarettes per day plus ethanol 2 g/kg) for 54 days. The groups were submitted to tail-flick, open-field, and inhibitory avoidance tasks. The results showed that ethanol per se worsened the short-term memory. The association between TOB and ethanol increased the immunoreactivity of cleaved caspase-3 in the CA3 and DG regions. The TOB plus ethanol group showed a lower immunoreactivity to GFAP in all regions of the hippocampus. In addition, ethanol and TOB per se also reduced the immunoreactivity for GFAP in the DG. Ethanol increased S100β immunoreactivity only in the DG. In conclusion, this study showed that only ethanol worsened short-term memory, and the DG became more susceptible to changes in the markers investigated. This evidence suggests that DG is more sensitive to neurotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Huf
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Solange Bandiera
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina B Müller
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gea
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francine L Rahmeier
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Keli C Reiter
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Tortorelli
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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14
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Ströher R, de Oliveira C, Costa Lopes B, da Silva LS, Regner GG, Richardt Medeiros H, de Macedo IC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Maternal deprivation alters nociceptive response in a gender-dependent manner in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 76:25-33. [PMID: 31071409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating both the early and long-term effects of maternal deprivation as well as gender on neuromotor reflexes, anxiety behavior and thermal nociceptive responses. A total of 64 Wistar rats pups (32 males, 32 females) were utilized and were deprived of their mother for 3 h/daily, from postnatal day 1 (P1) until P10. Successively, animals were divided into 2 groups: control group (C) - pups no subjected to intervention; and the maternal-deprived group (MD): pups subjected to maternal deprivation. The neuromotor reflexes were evaluated through the righting reflex and negative geotaxis tests; the exploratory behavior by open field test (OFT); the anxiety-like behavior by elevated plus-maze test (EPM); the thermal nociceptive responses byhot plate (HP) and tail-flick (TFL) tests. All the animals subjected to maternal deprivation showed a delayed reflex response at P8 in the negative geotaxis test. In contrast, the OFT at P20 identified an effect of gender on the outer crossings and grooming as well as an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on latency. Additionally, effect of maternal deprivation in the open and closed arms as well as gender effect in the protected head-dipping (PHD) and non-protected head-dipping (NPHD) were observed at P20 (EPM). In contrast, there were a gender effect on latency and an interaction between gender and maternal deprivation on rearing at P42. Moreover, in nociceptive tests was observed an analgesic effect induced by maternal deprivation; however, in the TFL test, only deprived females showed this effect. Surprisingly, only control animals presented an ontogeny nociceptive effect in the HP testat P21 and P43, which may be related to an increase in the inhibitory nociceptive pathways throughout life. In this way, we suggest maternal deprivation to be able to anticipate the maturation of the inhibitory nociceptive pathway. In conclusion, maternal deprivation induced a delayed reflex response at P8 and altered the anxiety and nociceptive behaviors according to the time after exposure to this stressor, in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ströher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Farmacologia e Terapêutica-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de CiênciasBásicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação, Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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15
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Scarabelot VL, de Oliveira C, Medeiros LF, de Macedo IC, Cioato SG, Adachi LNS, Paz AH, de Souza A, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduces nociceptive behaviour in an orofacial pain model. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 46:40-50. [PMID: 30281821 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulation suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain and is related to the reversal of maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of tDCS, a non-pharmacological therapy, on local mechanical hyperalgesia, and remote thermal hyperalgesia in rats submitted to orofacial inflammatory pain model, by facial von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. In addition, we evaluated levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-10 and IL-6 in the brainstem and blood serum of these animals at 24 hours and 7 days after the end of tDCS treatment. METHODS Rats were subjected to temporomandibular joint pain and treated with tDCS. The animals were divided into control, pain and pain + treatment groups. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated at baseline, 7 days after administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, and immediately, 24 hours, and 7 days after the tDCS treatment. Neuroimmunomodulators levels were determined by ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed by (GEE)/Bonferroni (behavioural tests), three-way ANOVA/SNK (neurochemical tests) and Kruskal-Wallis (histological analysis). RESULTS Transcranial direct-current stimulation reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.01). We observed interaction between factors (pain and treatment) increasing brainstem BDNF (P < 0.01) and NGF (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, we found an increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the brainstem at 24 hours and 7 days after tDCS, respectively. CONCLUSION We showed that tDCS reduces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by orofacial pain until 7 days after treatment. These findings demonstrate that tDCS was effective in the control of orofacial inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Scarabelot
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane F Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel C de Macedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefania G Cioato
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi S Adachi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Morphological Sciences Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Department of Surgery in Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre-clinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Sorregotti T, Cipriano AC, Cruz FC, Mascarenhas DC, Rodgers RJ, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Amygdaloid involvement in the defensive behavior of mice exposed to the open elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2017; 338:159-165. [PMID: 29080676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the exposure to an open elevated plus maze (oEPM, an EPM with all four open arms) elicits fear/anxiety-related responses in laboratory rodents. However, very little is known about the underlying neural substrates of these defensive behaviors. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of chemical inactivation of the amygdala [through local injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2: a nonspecific synaptic blocker)] on the behavior of oEPM-exposed mice. In a second experiment, the pattern of activation of the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) nuclei of the amygdala was assessed through quantification of Fos protein expression in mice subjected to one of several behavioral manipulations. To avoid the confound of acute handling stress, 4 independent groups of mice were habituated daily for 10days to an enclosed EPM (eEPM) and, on day 11 prior to immunohistochemistry, were either taken directly from their home cage (control) or individually exposed for 10min to a new clean holding cage (novelty), an eEPM, or the oEPM. An additional group of mice (maze-naïve) was not subjected to either the habituation or exposure phase but were simply chosen at random from their home cages to undergo an identical immunohistochemistry procedure. Results showed that amygdala inactivation produced an anxiolytic-like profile comprising reductions in time spent in the proximal portions of the open arms and total stretched attend postures (SAP) as well as increases in time spent in the distal portions of the open arms and total head-dipping. Moreover, Fos-positive labeled cells were bilaterally increased in the amygdaloid complex, particularly in the BLA, of oEPM-exposed animals compared to all other groups. These results suggest that the amygdala (in particular, its BLA nucleus) plays a key role in the modulation of defensive behaviors in oEPM-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Sorregotti
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Cipriano
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, 04023-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Cardozo Mascarenhas
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Schunck RVA, Macedo IC, Laste G, de Souza A, Valle MTC, Salomón JLO, Nunes EA, Campos ACW, Gnoatto SCB, Bergold AM, Konrath EL, Dallegrave E, Arbo MD, Torres ILS, Leal MB. Standardized Passiflora incarnata L. Extract Reverts the Analgesia Induced by Alcohol Withdrawal in Rats. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1199-1208. [PMID: 28568647 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) has been traditionally used for treatment of anxiety, insomnia, drug addiction, mild infections, and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a commercial extract of P. incarnata in the analgesia induced by alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-10 levels were evaluated in prefrontal cortex, brainstem, and hippocampus. Male adult rats received by oral gavage: (1: water group) water for 19 days, 1 day interval and water (8 days); (2: P. incarnata group) water for 19 days, 1 day interval and P. incarnata 200 mg/kg (8 days); (3: alcohol withdrawal group) alcohol for 19 days, 1 day interval and water (8 days); and (4: P. incarnata in alcohol withdrawal) alcohol for 19 days, 1 day interval and P. incarnata 200 mg/kg (8 days). The tail-flick and hot plate tests were used as nociceptive response measures. Confirming previous study of our group, it was showed that alcohol-treated groups presented an increase in the nociceptive thresholds after alcohol withdrawal, which was reverted by P. incarnata, measured by the hot plate test. Besides, alcohol treatment increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-10 levels in prefrontal cortex, which was not reverted by P. incarnata. Considering these results, the P. incarnata treatment might be a potential therapy in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Vargas Antunes Schunck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/107, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Laste
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Tuerlinckx Costa Valle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/107, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaína L O Salomón
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ellen Almeida Nunes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina Wildner Campos
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bergold
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Konrath
- Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90050-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/107, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Bainy Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/107, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Scarabelot VL, Medeiros LF, de Oliveira C, Adachi LNS, de Macedo IC, Cioato SG, de Freitas JS, de Souza A, Quevedo A, Caumo W, Torres ILDS. Melatonin Alters the Mechanical and Thermal Hyperalgesia Induced by Orofacial Pain Model in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 39:1649-59. [PMID: 27378529 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that presents a wide range of physiological functions including regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, enhancing immune function, sleep improvement, and antioxidant effects. In addition, melatonin has received special attention in pain treatment since it is effective and presents few adverse effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acute dose of melatonin upon hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in a chronic orofacial pain model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nociceptive behavior was assessed by facial Von Frey and the hot plate tests at baseline and thereafter 30, 60, and 120 min, 24 h, and 7 days after melatonin treatment. We demonstrated that acute melatonin administration alters mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by an orofacial pain model (TMD), highlighting that the melatonin effect upon mechanical hyperalgesia remained until 7 days after its administration. Besides, we observed specific tissue profiles of neuroimmunomodulators linked to pain conditions and/or melatonin effect (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and interleukins 6 and 10) in the brainstem levels, and its effects were state-dependent of the baseline of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Quevedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Department of Surgery in Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Research, Pharmacology Department, Health Basic Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 305, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil.
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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19
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Morphine exposure during early life alters thermal and mechanical thresholds in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 60:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Rozisky JR, Scarabelot VL, Oliveira CD, Macedo ICD, Deitos A, Laste G, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Melatonin as a potential counter-effect of hyperalgesia induced by neonatal morphine exposure. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:77-81. [PMID: 27546822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Morphine administration in the neonatal period can induce long-term effects in pain circuitry leading to hyperalgesia induced by the opioid in adult life. This study explored a new pharmacological approach for reversing this effect of morphine. We focused on melatonin owing its well-known antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and its ability to interact with the opioid system. We used the formalin test to assess the medium and long-term effects of melatonin administration on hyperalgesia induced by morphine in early life. Newborn rats were divided into two groups: the control group, which received saline, and the morphine group, which received morphine (5μg subcutaneously [s.c.]) in the mid-scapular area, once daily for 7days, from P8 (postnatal day 8) until P14. At postnatal days 30 (P30) and 60 (P60), both groups were divided in two subgroups, which received melatonin or melatonin vehicle 30min before the formalin test. The nociceptive responses were assessed by analyzing the total time spent biting, flicking, and licking the formalin-injected hind paw; these responses were recorded during the first 5min (neurogenic/acute phase) and from 15 to 30min (inflammatory/tonic phase). Initially, animals in the morphine/vehicle group showed increased nociceptive behavior in phase II (inflammatory) of the formalin test at P30, and in the neurogenic and inflammatory phases at P60. These increased nociceptive responses were fully reversed by melatonin administration at either age. These findings show that melatonin administration is a potential means for countering hyperalgesia induced by neonatal morphine exposure in young and adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ripoll Rozisky
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alícia Deitos
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Laste
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Preclinical Research, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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21
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Cioato SG, Medeiros LF, Marques Filho PR, Vercelino R, de Souza A, Scarabelot VL, de Oliveira C, Adachi LNS, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres IL. Long-Lasting Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Reversal of Hyperalgesia and Cytokine Alterations Induced by the Neuropathic Pain Model. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) neuromodulatory effects on mechanical hyperalgesia and cortical BDNF levels in ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2016; 145:233-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Schunck RVA, Torres IL, Laste G, de Souza A, Macedo IC, Valle MTC, Salomón JL, Moreira S, Kuo J, Arbo MD, Dallegrave E, Leal MB. Protracted alcohol abstinence induces analgesia in rats: Possible relationships with BDNF and interleukin-10. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Exogenously induced brain activation regulates neuronal activity by top-down modulation: conceptualized model for electrical brain stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1377-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Souza A, Dussan-Sarria JA, Medeiros LF, Souza AC, Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Adachi LN, Winkelmann-Duarte EC, Philippi-Martins BB, Netto CA, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy reduces c-Fos activation in the rat hippocampus: evidence of a long-lasting effect. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:213-22. [PMID: 25262910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on maturation of nociceptive pathways has been sparsely explored. To investigate whether neonatal HIE alters neuronal activity, nociceptive behavior, and serum neuroplasticity mediators (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF]) in the short, medium, and long term. Neonate male Wistar rats were randomized to receive a brain insult that could be either ischemic (left carotid artery ligation [LCAL]), hypoxic (8% oxygen chamber), hypoxic-ischemic (LCAL and hypoxic chamber), sham-ischemic, or sham-hypoxic. Neuronal activity (c-Fos activation at region CA1 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus), nociceptive behavior (von Frey, tail-flick, and hot-plate tests), neuroplasticity mediators (BDNF, TNF), and a cellular injury marker (lactase dehydrogenase [LDH]) were assessed in blood serum 14, 30, and 60 days after birth. Neonatal HIE persistently reduced c-Fos activation in the ipsilateral hippocampal region CA1; however, contralateral c-Fos reduction appeared only 7 weeks after the event. Neonatal HIE acutely reduced the paw withdrawal threshold (von Frey test), but this returned to normal by the 30th postnatal day. Hypoxia reduced serum LDH levels. Serum neuroplasticity mediators increased with age, and neonatal HIE did not affect their ontogeny. Neonatal HIE-induced reduction in neuronal activity occurs acutely in the ipsilateral hippocampal region CA1 and persists for at least 60 days, but the contralateral effect of the insult is delayed. Alterations in the nociceptive response are acute and self-limited. Serum neuroplasticity mediators increase with age, and remain unaffected by HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Souza
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, Centro Universitário Unilasalle, 92010-000, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jairo Alberto Dussan-Sarria
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Souza
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lauren Naomi Adachi
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pain Pharmacology and Animal Models of Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Graduate Research Group, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Spezia Adachi LN, Caumo W, Laste G, Fernandes Medeiros L, Ripoll Rozisky J, de Souza A, Fregni F, Torres ILS. Reversal of chronic stress-induced pain by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an animal model. Brain Res 2012; 1489:17-26. [PMID: 23063889 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain syndromes. Although initial results in human subjects are encouraging, it still remains unclear whether the effects of tDCS can reverse maladaptive plasticity associated with chronic pain. To investigate this question, we tested whether tDCS can reverse the specific behavioral effects of chronic stress in the pain system, and also those indexed by corticosterone and interleukin-1β levels in serum and TNFα levels in the hippocampus, in a well-controlled rat model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). Forty-one adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups control and stress. The stress group was exposed to CRS for 11 weeks for the establishment of hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia as shown by the hot plate and von Frey tests, respectively. Rats were then divided into four groups control, stress, stress+sham tDCS and stress+tDCS. Anodal or sham tDCS was applied for 20min/day over 8 days and the tests were repeated. Then, the animals were killed, blood collected and hippocampus removed for ELISA testing. This model of CRS proved effective to induce chronic pain, as the animals exhibited hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The hot plate test showed an analgesic effect, and the von Frey test, an anti-allodynic effect after the last tDCS session, and there was a significant decrease in hippocampal TNFα levels. These results support the notion that tDCS reverses the detrimental effects of chronic stress on the pain system and decreases TNFα levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Naomi Spezia Adachi
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animals Models Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.
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Nascimento PSD, Lovatel GA, Ilha J, Xavier LL, Schaan BD, Achaval M. Exercise alleviates hypoalgesia and increases the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1087-91. [PMID: 23018308 PMCID: PMC3438251 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(09)17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treadmill training on nociceptive sensitivity and immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic and trained diabetic. Treadmill training was performed for 8 weeks. The blood glucose concentrations and body weight were evaluated 48 h after diabetes induction and every 30 days thereafter. The nociceptive sensitivity was evaluated using the tail-flick apparatus. The animals were then transcardially perfused, and the spinal cords were post-fixed, cryoprotected and sectioned in a cryostat. Immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide analysis was performed on the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. RESULTS The nociceptive sensitivity analysis revealed that, compared with the control and trained diabetic animals, the latency to tail deflection on the apparatus was longer for the diabetic animals. Optical densitometry demonstrated decreased calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in diabetic animals, which was reversed by treadmill training. CONCLUSION We concluded that treadmill training can alleviate nociceptive hypoalgesia and reverse decreased calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of diabetic animals without pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Severo do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Fentanyl administration in infant rats produces long‐term behavioral responses. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 30:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gamaro GD, Suyenaga E, Borsoi M, Lermen J, Pereira P, Ardenghi P. Effect of rosmarinic and caffeic acids on inflammatory and nociception process in rats. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 2011:451682. [PMID: 22084714 PMCID: PMC3197075 DOI: 10.5402/2011/451682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is commonly found in species of the Boraginaceae and the subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae). It has a number of interesting biological activities, for example, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the i.p. administration of caffeic and rosmarinic acid (5 and 10 mg/kg) on anti-inflammatory and nociceptive response using carrageenan-induced pleurisy model and tail-flick assay in rats. The analysis of cells in the pleural exudates revealed a reduction of 66% of the number of leukocytes that migrated to the pleural cavity in the animals treated with 5 mg/kg caffeic acid, and of 92.9% for the animals treated with 10 mg/kg in comparison with the control group. These exudates showed a balanced distribution of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) cells, differently from the control group, in which PMN cells were predominant. The analysis to tail-flick latency was increased in the group treated with 10 mg/kg caffeic acid characterizing a nociceptive response. While there was no difference between control group and animals treated with rosmarinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão S/N Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Edna Suyenaga
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, 2755, 93352-000 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Borsoi
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 107, 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice Lermen
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, RS 239, 2755, 93352-000 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Curso de Farmácia, Rua Miguel Tostes 101, 92420-280 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ardenghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão S/N Caixa Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde/Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Avenue Ipiranga, 5400, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Morphine exposure in early life increases nociceptive behavior in a rat formalin tonic pain model in adult life. Brain Res 2010; 1367:122-9. [PMID: 20977897 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of a deeper understanding of the effect throughout life of opioid analgesia at birth, our objective was to determine whether morphine administration in early life, once a day for 7 days in 8-day-old rats, alters the nociceptive response over the short (P16), medium (P30), and long term (P60) and to evaluate which system is involved in the altered nociceptive response. The nociceptive responses were assessed by the formalin test, and the behavior analyzed was the total time spent in biting and flicking of the formalin-injected hindpaw, recorded during the first 5 min (phase I) and from 15-30 min (phase II). The morphine group showed no change in nociceptive response at P16, but at P30 and P60, the nociceptive response was increased in phase I, and in both phases, respectively. At P30 and P60, the animals received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin) or NMDA receptor antagonist (ketamine) 30 min before the formalin test. The increase in the nociceptive response was completely reversed by ketamine, and partially by indomethacin. These results indicate that early morphine exposure causes an increase in the nociceptive response in adult life. It is possible that this lower nociception threshold is due to neuroadaptations in nociceptive circuits, such as the glutamatergic system. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance of evaluating clinical consequences related to early opioid administration and suggests a need for a novel design of agents that may counteract opiate-induced neuroplastic changes.
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Cornélio AM, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Open elevated plus maze-induced antinociception in rats: A non-opioid type of pain inhibition? Physiol Behav 2009; 96:440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Leal
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Elisabetsky
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Rozisky JR, Dantas G, Adachi LS, Alves VS, Ferreira MBC, Sarkis JJF, Torres ILDS. Long-term effect of morphine administration in young rats on the analgesic opioid response in adult life. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:561-5. [PMID: 18579332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates, infants and children are often exposed to pain from invasive procedures during intensive care and during the post-operative period. Opioid anesthesia and post-operative opioid analgesia have been used in infants and result in clinical benefits. The objectives of this study were to verify the effect of repeated 5 microg morphine administration (subcutaneous), once a day for 7 days in 8-day-old rats, at P8 until P14. To verify the long-term effect of morphine, the animals were submitted to a second exposure of 5mg/kg (intraperitoneal) of morphine at P80 until P86. Animals that received morphine for 7 days, at P14 did not develop tolerance, however at P80, rats demonstrated greater morphine analgesia. At P86, after 7 days of morphine administration, animals showed classical tolerance. These findings may have important implications for the human neonate, suggesting a possible explanation for the differences in the requirements of morphine observed in the youngest patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ripoll Rozisky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gameiro GH, Gameiro PH, Andrade ADS, Pereira LF, Arthuri MT, Marcondes FK, Veiga MCFDA. Nociception- and anxiety-like behavior in rats submitted to different periods of restraint stress. Physiol Behav 2006; 87:643-9. [PMID: 16488452 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute, sub-chronic and chronic stress on nociception induced by formalin injection in rats' temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It was evaluated the relation between blood levels of adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, the levels of anxiety and nociceptive responses recorded after different stress protocols. Animals were initially submitted to acute restraint stress (15; 30 min and 1 h), or exposed to sub-chronic (3 days-1 h/day) or chronic stress (40 days-1 h/day). Then, animals were (1) killed immediately to collect blood for hormonal determinations; or (2) submitted to the elevated plus-maze to evaluate anxiety; or (3) submitted to the TMJ formalin test to evaluate nociception. It was also evaluated the role of serotoninergic and opioid systems in nociceptive changes induced by stress. For this, the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine 10 mg/kg) and the opioid agonist (morphine 1-5 mg/kg) were administered before the nociception test. All stress protocols significantly raised the levels of ACTH or corticosterone, as well as the anxiety behavior. In relation to nociception, the chronic stressed animals showed an increase in nociceptive responses (hyperalgesia). In this group, there was a reduction in the morphine analgesic effects, suggesting dysfunction in the endogenous opioid system. Fluoxetine had an analgesic effect in both stressed and control groups, although this effect was more evident in the stressed group. It was concluded that stress-induced hyperalgesia may result from changes in the serotoninergic and opioid systems, which can explain, at least in part, the important link between stress and orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hauber Gameiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, C.P. 52, CEP 13414-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bruno AN, Pochmann D, Ricachenevsky FK, Fontella FU, Bonan CD, Dalmaz C, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Sarkis JJF. Nociceptive response and adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in synaptosomes isolated from spinal cord of hypothyroid rats. Neurochem Res 2006; 30:1155-61. [PMID: 16292509 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-7867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic system exerts a significant influence on the modulation of pain pathways at the spinal site. Adenosine has antinociceptive properties in experimental and clinical situations, while ATP exerts pronociceptive actions in different pain models. In this study we investigated the hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine in synaptosomes from spinal cord in parallel with the nociceptive response of rats at different ages after hypothyroidism induction. Hypothyroidism elicited a significant increase in AMP hydrolysis to adenosine in synaptosomes from spinal cord of rats subjected to neonatal hypothyroidism and in 420-day-old rats submitted to thyroidectomy. Accordingly, these rats presented an analgesic response as a consequence of hypothyroidism. In contrast, the ATP hydrolysis was decreased in the spinal cord of 60-day-old hypothyroid rats in parallel with a significant increase in nociceptive response. These results indicate the involvement of adenine nucleotides in the control of the hypothyroidism-induced nociceptive response during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nejar Bruno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcellos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gameiro GH, Andrade ADS, de Castro M, Pereira LF, Tambeli CH, Veiga MCFDA. The effects of restraint stress on nociceptive responses induced by formalin injected in rat's TMJ. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005; 82:338-44. [PMID: 16213578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that stress can alter nociception from superficial tissues, such as skin and subcutaneous region. However, the influence of stress on an experimental deep nociception model is not understood. In this study, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) formalin test was used to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on nociceptive responses in rats. Animals were initially submitted to one session of acute restraint stress (1 h) or exposed to chronic stress (40 days-1 h/day). Then, animals were killed immediately to collect blood for hormonal determinations by radioimmunoassay, or submitted to the TMJ formalin test to evaluate nociception. Rats submitted to acute restraint presented a performance similar to unstressed controls in the TMJ formalin test, whereas chronically stressed rats showed an increase in nociceptive responses. After 40 days of restraint, morphine was injected i.p. (1, 5 mg/kg or saline). The stressed rats displayed decreased morphine effects on nociception compared to unstressed controls. These findings suggest that repeated stress can produce hyperalgesia, which is, at least in part, due to alterations in the activity of opioid systems. This model may help elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms that mediate the effects of repeated stress on orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hauber Gameiro
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas-Unicamp, Av. Limeira 901 C.P. 52, CEP 13414-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ziegler DR, Gamaro GD, Araújo E, Bassani MG, Perry MLS, Dalmaz C, Gonçalves CA. Nociception and locomotor activity are increased in ketogenic diet fed rats. Physiol Behav 2005; 84:421-7. [PMID: 15763579 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets have been used to treat epilepsy in children for almost 80 years. However, there are only few studies concerning behavioral effects of these diets, besides their efficacy in treating seizure disorders induced by kainic acid or pentylenetetrazol in rats. Here, rats were fed with a ketogenic diet and locomotion, anxiety and nociception were investigated after 10 weeks. Male Wistar rats were weight matched and divided into two groups: control rats, that received regular laboratory ration, and KD rats, that received ketogenic diet (70% fat, 24% protein and no carbohydrate). Behavioral tests were applied after 10-12 weeks of treatment, and included tests to evaluate exploration (habituation to the open field), anxiety (plus-maze), and nociception (tail-flick measurement). Performance of the animals in the open field revealed a significant difference in the number of crossings, suggesting a higher locomotor activity in animals fed with a ketogenic diet. No differences in anxiety were observed, as evaluated by the plus-maze test. Nociception was measured by the latency in the tail-flick test, and ketogenic rats presented a hypernociceptive response. Yet, these animals responded to a stressor with the classic analgesia, similarly to the controls. The response of ketogenic diet fed rats to the stressor, however, was more prolonged. Exposure to a ketogenic diet may induce higher locomotor activity, together with a hypernociceptive state in the animals, possibly as a result of some alteration in the neural systems involved in the modulation of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denize R Ziegler
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Berlese DB, Sauzem PD, Carati MC, Guerra GP, Stiegemeier JA, Mello CF, Rubin MA. Time-dependent modulation of inhibitory avoidance memory by spermidine in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2005; 83:48-53. [PMID: 15607688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are a group of aliphatic amines that may act as physiological modulators of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Although the modulatory role of polyamines in NMDA receptor function has long been known, the effects of polyamines on learning and memory only recently began to be unraveled. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bilateral infusions of spermidine (0.02-2 nmol), a polyamine agonist, into the CA1 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus on inhibitory avoidance learning 30 min pre-training, immediately post-training, 6 h post-training, or 10 min pre-test. Bilateral microinjections of 0.2 nmol spermidine prolonged step-down latencies compared to the respective control group when administered 30 min pre-training or immediately post-training. These results provide evidence that the modulatory effects of spermidine on the acquisition and/or early consolidation of memory of inhibitory avoidance tasks in the hippocampus occur within a limited time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Bolzan Berlese
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Bruno AN, Fontella FU, Crema LM, Bonan CD, Dalmaz C, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Sarkis JJF. Hyperthyroidism changes nociceptive response and ecto-nucleotidase activities in synaptosomes from spinal cord of rats in different phases of development. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:111-6. [PMID: 15664319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in transport, receptors and production of extracellular adenosine have been observed after induction of hyperthyroidism. Adenosine is associated with inhibitory actions such as reduction in release of excitatory neurotransmitters and antinociception at spinal site. In contrast, ATP acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter and produces pronociceptive actions. ATP may be completely hydrolyzed to adenosine by an enzyme chain constituted by an ATP diphosphohydrolase and an ecto-5'-nucleotidase, as previously described in the spinal cord. Thus, we now investigated the effects of the hyperthyroidism on adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in the spinal cord and verified the nociceptive response in this pathology during different phases of development. Hyperthyroidism was induced in male Wistar rats, aged 5, 60 and 330 days by daily intraperitoneal injections of L-thyroxine (T4) for 14 days. Nociception was assessed with a tail-flick apparatus. Rats starting the treatment aged 5 days demonstrated a significant increase in ADP and AMP hydrolysis and increased tail-flick latency (TFL). In contrast, in the spinal cord from hyperthyroid rats aged 60 and 330 days old, the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP were significantly decreased. Accordingly, the tail-flick latency was decreased, indicating a hyperalgesic response. These results suggest the involvement of ecto-nucleotidases in the control of the hyperthyroidism-induced nociceptive response in rats at distinct developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nejar Bruno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ramiro Barcellos 2600-ANEXO, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Dantas G, Torres ILDS, Crema LM, Lara DR, Dalmaz C. Repeated Restraint Stress Reduces Opioid Receptor Binding in Different Rat CNS Structures. Neurochem Res 2005; 30:1-7. [PMID: 15756926 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-004-9679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Different effects of exposure to acute or to repeated stress have been observed upon the nociceptive response in rats. In the present study, we repeatedly submitted Wistar rats to restraint for 40 days, a treatment known to induce an increase in the nociceptive response in the tail-flick test. Afterwards, the effect of repeated restraint stress on the density of opioid receptors in rat spinal cord, frontal cortex, and hippocampus was investigated. Results showed that repeatedly stressed rats displayed a significant decrease in opioid receptors density in all structures studied; cortex (141.3 +/- 5.7 for control and 103.3 +/- 15.9 for stressed rats), hippocampus (92.4 +/- 7.2 for control and 64.8 +/- 7.7 for stressed rats), and spinal cord (122.2 +/- 12.8 for control and 79.7 +/- 9.7 for stressed rats). These findings suggest opioid mediation of the altered responses observed in these repeatedly-stressed animals, although the participation of non-opioid mechanisms in this phenomenon cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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de Castro Vasques V, de Boer MA, Diligenti F, Brinco F, Mallmann F, Mello CF, Wajner M. Intrahippocampal administration of the alpha-keto acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease provokes learning deficits in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 77:183-90. [PMID: 14724056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Learning disability is a common feature of patients affected by maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). However, the pathomechanisms underlying learning deficit in this disorder are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of the alpha-keto acids accumulating in MSUD into the hippocampus on the behavior of rats in the open field and in the inhibitory avoidance tasks. Adult male Wistar rats received intrahippocampal injections of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC, 8 micromol), alpha-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV, 5 micromol), alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid (KMV, 5 micromol), or NaCl (8 micromol) (controls) immediately after or 10 min before training. Testing session was performed 24 h later. Posttraining administration of the keto acids had no effect on learning in the open-field task. In contrast, pretraining administration of KIV and KMV impaired habituation in the open field. Similarly, pretraining administration of KIC, KIV, and KMV affected rat performance in the inhibitory avoidance task, suggesting disruption of acquisition. The results indicate that the alpha-keto acids accumulating in MSUD induce learning deficits in aversive and nonaversive tasks. We therefore suggest that these findings may be related to the psychomotor delay/mental retardation observed in MSUD, and may indicate the contribution of increased brain concentrations of these organic acids to the pathophysiology of the neurological dysfunction of MSUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilson de Castro Vasques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fontella FU, Nunes ML, Crema LM, Balk RS, Dalmaz C, Netto CA. Taste modulation of nociception differently affects chronically stressed rats. Physiol Behav 2004; 80:557-61. [PMID: 14741241 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses cover a wide range of physiological changes, including alterations in the perception of and response to pain. Animals submitted to repeated stress present altered nociception and this effect is part of this process of adaptation; in addition pleasant and unpleasant experiences with tastes and odors have been shown to affect distinct behavioral aspects, such as pain perception. The aim of the present study is to verify the responses of repeatedly stressed rats (1 h of daily immobilization during 40 days) to pleasant and unpleasant tastes on nociception, when compared to control animals. An increase in the tail-flick latency (TFL) was observed 5 min after exposure to a sweet taste in the control group, whereas no effect was observed in chronically stressed animals. When submitted to an unpleasant taste (5% acetic acid), the chronically stressed group presented an increase in TFL, whereas no effect was observed in the control group. In conclusion, chronically stressed animals present different nociceptive responses to sweet and acid tastes; although control animals suitably respond to a sweet stimulus, stressed animals seem to be more apt to react to the unpleasant stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Urruth Fontella
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Domingos Crescêncio 215/101, CEP 90650-090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Rubin MA, Berlese DB, Stiegemeier JA, Volkweis MA, Oliveira DM, dos Santos TLB, Fenili AC, Mello CF. Intra-amygdala administration of polyamines modulates fear conditioning in rats. J Neurosci 2004; 24:2328-34. [PMID: 14999084 PMCID: PMC6730445 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1622-03.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdalar NMDA receptor activation has been implicated in the acquisition of fear memories in rats. However, little is known about the role of endogenous modulators of the NMDA receptor, such as polyamines, in pavlovian fear-conditioning learning. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether the immediate pretraining or post-training bilateral infusion of arcaine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor polyamine-binding site, or spermidine, an agonist of the NMDA receptor polyamine-binding site, into the amygdala affected classical fear conditioning in rats. Bilateral microinjections of arcaine (0.0002-0.2 nmol) decreased, whereas spermidine (0.002-20 nmol) increased, contextual and auditory fear conditioning. Arcaine coadministration, at a dose that had no effect per se, reversed the facilitatory effect of spermidine. These results provide evidence that endogenous and exogenous polyamines modulate the acquisition or early consolidation (or both) of the fear-conditioning task in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel A Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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da Silva Torres IL, Bonan CD, Crema L, De Leon Nunes M, Battastini AMO, Sarkis JJF, Dalmaz C, Ferreira MBC. Effect of drugs active at adenosine receptors upon chronic stress-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 481:197-201. [PMID: 14642786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperalgesia and altered activities of enzymes involved in nucleotide hydrolysis are observed after exposure to repeated restraint in rats. Here, we investigated the effect of an adenosine A(1) receptor agonist, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 3.35 mg/kg, i.p.), adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 0.8 mg/kg, i.p.) as well the effect of an adenosine reuptake blocker, dipyridamole (5 mg/kg, i.p.), on nociception in chronically stressed and control rats. We repeatedly submitted rats to restraint for 40 days. Nociception was assessed with a tail-flick apparatus. The control group presented increased tail-flick latencies after administration of CPA and dipyridamole, but this effect was not observed in the stressed group. DPCPX by itself had no effect on nociception. The analgesic effect of CPA and dipyridamole observed in the control group was reverted by DPCPX. These results indicate the involvement of adenosine A(1) receptor in the antinociception observed in control animals and suggest that the pain signaling induced by chronic stress presents a different modulation involving the adenosinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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da Silva Torres IL, Cucco SNS, Bassani M, Duarte MS, Silveira PP, Vasconcellos AP, Tabajara AS, Dantas G, Fontella FU, Dalmaz C, Ferreira MBC. Long-lasting delayed hyperalgesia after chronic restraint stress in rats-effect of morphine administration. Neurosci Res 2003; 45:277-83. [PMID: 12631463 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Different effects upon the nociceptive response have been observed with exposure to acute and chronic stress in rats. In the present study we repeatedly submitted rats to restraint for 40 days, inducing hyperalgesia using the tail-flick test. A new session of acute stress was applied at the end of 40 days period, and the chronically-stressed animals demonstrated analgesia after forced swimming, but not after restraint. The effect of stress interruption for 14 or 28 days on the nociceptive threshold was then investigated. The basal tail-flick latency remained decreased for at least 28 days (hyperalgesic effect). Following the periods of suspension, the animals were submitted to new session of acute restraint, and stress-induced analgesia was observed only after 28 days of stress interruption. Thus, the mechanisms involved in the long-lasting hyperalgesia presented in this study are not exactly the same as those responsible for the analgesia induced by acute stressors. After 40 days of chronic stress treatment, morphine was injected i.p. (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg or saline). The repeatedly stressed rats displayed decreased morphine effects on nociception compared to unstressed controls. The tolerance of the response to morphine agrees with previous studies suggesting that chronic restraint stress could modify the activity of opioid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Departamentos de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Lab. 32, 90035-003, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Torres IL, Vasconcellos AP, Silveira Cucco SN, Dalmaz C. Effect of repeated stress on novelty-induced antinociception in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:241-4. [PMID: 11175500 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that acute stress induces an analgesic response in rats. On the other hand, repeatedly stressed animals may present the opposite effect, i.e., hyperalgesia. Furthermore, exposure to novelty is known to induce antinociception. The effects of repeated restraint stress on nociception after exposure to novelty, as measured by the tail-flick latency (TFL), were studied in adult male rats. The animals were stressed by restraint 1 h daily, 5 days a week for 40 days. The control group was not submitted to restraint. Nociception was assessed with a tail-flick apparatus. After being familiarized with the TFL apparatus, each group was subdivided into two other groups, i.e., with or without novelty. Animals were subjected to the TFL measurement twice. For the animals exposed to novelty, the first TFL measurement was made immediately before, and the second 2 min after a 2-min exposure to a new environment. While the control group presented an increased TFL after exposure to a novel environment, chronically stressed animals did not show this effect. These results suggest that repeated restraint stress induces an alteration in the nociceptive response, perhaps as a result of an alteration in endogenous opioids in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Pereira ME, Rocha JB, Izquierdo I. Atropine reverses antinociception induced by 2,5-hexanedione in rats. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1995; 77:91-4. [PMID: 8584510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Hexanedione is a n-hexane metabolite with neurotoxic properties. We have previously demonstrated that acute administration of 2,5-hexanedione causes analgesia in the tail-flick test in rats. In the present investigation, we examined the possible involvement of a cholinergic component in the 2,5-hexanedione-induced antinociception, since literature data indicate that this hexacarbon compound may act as a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and that cholinesterase inhibitors are analgesic to rodents. Rats were treated with saline or with 5 or 25 mg/kg atropine (intraperitoneally) 10 min. before the injection of vehicle or 800 mg/kg 2,5-hexanedione (intraperitoneally). 2,5-Hexanedione caused a significant increase in tail-flick latencies at 10, 30, 60 and 90 min. after hexacarbon injection. Atropine (5 or 25 mg/kg) partially reversed the analgesia caused by 2,5-hexanedione at 60 and 90 min. When effects of 2,5-hexanedione on brain acetylcholinesterase was assessed in vitro, the results demonstrated that a competitive component is involved in enzyme inhibition. Taken together, these data support the involvement of a cholinergic (muscarinic) component in 2,5-hexanedione-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Santa Maria Federal University, RS, Brazil
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Pfaus JG, Wilkins MF. A novel environment disrupts copulation in sexually naive but not experienced male rats: reversal with naloxone. Physiol Behav 1995; 57:1045-9. [PMID: 7652023 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)00394-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Relative to sexually experienced male rats, sexually naive males typically display a pattern of copulatory behavior that is characterized by a larger proportion of rats that do not copulate: those that do copulate during their first exposure to a sexually receptive female have longer mount, intromission, and ejaculation latencies, and longer postejaculatory intervals. A male rat's first sexual experience often coincides with the first exposure to handling and to the novel testing apparatus. Because handling or exposure to novel environments is stressful and can induce the release of endogenous opioids, and because the opioid antagonist naloxone can facilitate the copulatory behavior of sexually naive male rats, we examined whether preexposure to handling alone, or to handling and a novel testing chamber, would diminish the magnitude of the relative disruption observed in sexually naive male rats. Handling alone did not increase the proportion of males that mounted or intromitted, whereas preexposure to the chamber increased these proportions significantly and decreased the mount and intromission latencies, and the number of mounts without intromission. Naloxone hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) facilitated the display of mounts and intromissions in rats that were preexposed to handling alone, but had no effect in rats that had been additionally preexposed to the testing chambers. In contrast, the copulatory behavior of rats with extensive sexual experience was not adversely affected in a novel testing chamber. Novelty disrupts the copulatory behavior of sexually naive males and may do so by increasing endogenous opioid activity. However, sexual experience appears to diminish or eliminate the disruptive effect of a novel environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Pfaus
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Netto CA, Maltchik M. Retrieval effects of beta-endorphin and naloxone, and the novelty-induced antinociception in the developing rat. BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL BIOLOGY 1991; 55:366-79. [PMID: 2059193 DOI: 10.1016/0163-1047(91)90693-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to assess the retrieval effects of a single dose of beta-endorphin and of naloxone, and of the novelty-induced antinociception response in the developing rat. Wistar rats 30, 45, 60, and 90 days old from our breeding stock were used. Animals were trained and tested, with a 24-h interval between sessions, in a two-way active avoidance task (using 20 presentations of a 5-s, 1-kHz tone and a 0.4-mA footshock) or in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task (using a 60-Hz, 0.2-mA footshock). Saline (1.0 ml/kg), beta-endorphin (2.0 microgram/Kg), or naloxone (0.8 mg/kg), was administered ip immediately after training, and saline or beta-endorphin was administered 6 min before testing. The retrieval enhancing effects of post-training naloxone and pretest beta-endorphin, and the retrieval impairing effect of post-training beta-endorphin, were consistently observed only in 60- and 90-day-old rats, on both tasks. In a third experiment, another group of naive rats was placed for 2 min in a novel environment (the shuttlebox) and nociception was assessed by the tail-flick method. Novelty-induced antinociception was observed only for 60- and 90-day-old rats, and this response was cancelled by naloxone given 6 min before exposure to novelty. These results suggest that both the retrieval effects of naloxone and beta-endorphin, in the doses used, and the novelty-induced antinociception response, which are possibly dependent on the activity of hypothalamic beta-endorphin system, become established between 45 and 60 days postnatal in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Netto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Campus Central), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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