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Eubank TD, Bobko AA, Hoblitzell EH, Gencheva M, Driesschaert B, Khramtsov VV. In Vivo Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Molecular Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment upon Tumor Progression to Malignancy in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:424-434. [PMID: 37610610 PMCID: PMC10884355 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia and acidosis are recognized tumor microenvironment (TME) biomarkers of cancer progression. Alterations in cancer redox status and metabolism are also associated with elevated levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi). This study aims to evaluate the capability of these biomarkers to discriminate between stages and inform on a switch to malignancy. PROCEDURES These studies were performed using MMTV-PyMT( +) female transgenic mice that spontaneously develop breast cancer and emulate human tumor staging. In vivo assessment of oxygen concentration (pO2), extracellular acidity (pHe), Pi, and GSH was performed using L-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and multifunctional trityl and GSH-sensitive nitroxide probes. RESULTS Profiling of the TME showed significant deviation of measured biomarkers upon tumor progression from pre-malignancy (pre-S4) to the malignant stage (S4). For the combined marker, HOP: (pHe × pO2)/Pi, a value > 186 indicated that the tumors were pre-malignant in 85% of the mammary glands analyzed, and when < 186, they were malignant 42% of the time. For GSH, a value < 3 mM indicated that the tumors were pre-malignant 74% of the time, and when > 3 mM, they were malignant 80% of the time. The only marker that markedly deviated as early as stage 1 (S1) from its value in pre-S1 was elevated Pi, followed by a decrease of pHe and pO2 and increase in GSH at later stages. CONCLUSION Molecular TME profiling informs on alteration of tumor redox and metabolism during tumor staging. Early elevation of interstitial Pi at S1 may reflect tumor metabolic alterations that demand elevated phosphorus supply in accordance with the high rate growth hypothesis. These metabolic changes are supported by the following decrease of pHe due to a high tumor reliance on glycolysis and increase of intracellular GSH, a major intracellular redox buffer. The appreciable decrease in TME pO2 was observed only at malignant S4, apparently as a consequence of tumor mass growth and corresponding decrease in perfusion efficacy and increase in oxygen consumption as the tumor cells proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - E Hannah Hoblitzell
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Marieta Gencheva
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Woodcock LB, Legenzov EA, Dirda NDA, Kao JPY, Eaton GR, Eaton SS. Cyclic Disulfide-Bridged Dinitroxide Biradical for Measuring Thiol Redox Status by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8762-8768. [PMID: 37811968 PMCID: PMC10990597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Among low-molecular-weight thiols, glutathione (GSH) is the main antioxidant in the cell, and its concentration is an indicator of the redox status. A cyclic disulfide-linked dinitroxide was designed for monitoring GSH by electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Reaction of the disulfide with GSH and three other thiols was measured at 9.6 GHz (X-band) and shown to be of first order in thiols. It is proposed that the reaction of the disulfide with 1 equiv of thiolate produced a short-lived intermediate that reacts with 1 equiv of thiolate to produce the cleavage product. The equilibrium ratio of the cleaved and intact disulfide is a measure of the redox state. Since the long-term goal is to use the disulfide to probe physiology in vivo, the feasibility of EPR spectroscopy and imaging of the disulfide and its cleavage product was demonstrated at 1 GHz (L-band).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas B. Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Eric A. Legenzov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nathaniel D. A. Dirda
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Joseph P. Y. Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Gareth R. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Sandra S. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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Feng Y, Tan X, Shi Z, Villamena FA, Zweier JL, Song Y, Liu Y. Trityl Quinodimethane Derivatives as Unimolecular Triple-Function Extracellular EPR Probes for Redox, pH, and Oxygen. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1057-1064. [PMID: 36602544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging coupled with the use of suitable probes is a promising tool for assessment of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Measurement of multiple TME parameters by EPR is very desirable but challenging. Herein, we designed and synthesized a class of negative-charged trityl quinodimethane MTPs as unimolecular triple-function extracellular probes for redox, pH, and oxygen (O2) levels. Using the deuterated analogue, dMTP5, which has an optimal pKa as well as high sensitivity to bioreduction and O2, we reasonably evaluated pH effects on efflux of reducing agents from HepG2 cells and cellular O2 consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Feng
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Shi
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, P. R. China
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Yuguang Song
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, P. R. China
| | - Yangping Liu
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, P. R. China
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Khoobdel M, Rahimi V, Ebadollahi A, Krutmuang P. Evaluation of the Potential of a Lectin Extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. as a Biorational Agent against Sitophilus oryzae L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030793. [PMID: 35164055 PMCID: PMC8838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive stored-product pests that is resistant to a wide range of chemical insecticides. In the present study, we investigated whether a lectin extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. (PPA) can be used as a biorational agent to control such insect pests. Along with the lethal digestive assay, the sub-lethal insecticidal activities of PPA, including the effects on digestive, detoxifying, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were evaluated against S. oryzae adults. The effect of feeding a diet containing PPA and carob extract as a food attractant on the mortality of S. oryzae adults was also investigated. Feeding on the diet containing PPA resulted in a significant mortality of S. oryzae adults with a LC50 (Lethal Concentration to kill 50% of insects) of 3.68% (w/w). The activity of digestive enzymes, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, TAG-lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxy- and aminopeptidase, were decreased by the sub-lethal concentration of PPA. Detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes, including esterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde, were activated in adults affected by PPA. These findings indicated that PPA, in addition to causing digestive disorders, leads to oxidative stress in S. oryzae. The presence of carob extract had no effect on the PPA-induced mortality of the insect. According to the results of the present study, PPA has promising insecticidal efficiency against S. oryzae. In addition, the usage of PPA with a food attractant carob extract in bait traps can be recommended as a new biorational formulation in S. oryzae management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoobdel
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Vahid Rahimi
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
- Correspondence: (V.R.); Iran; (A.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Asgar Ebadollahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5697194781, Iran
- Correspondence: (V.R.); Iran; (A.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (V.R.); Iran; (A.E.); (P.K.)
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Kafel A, Babczyńska A, Zawisza-Raszka A, Tarnawska M, Płachetka-Bożek A, Augustyniak M. Energy reserves, oxidative stress and development traits of Spodoptera exigua Hübner individuals from cadmium strain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115366. [PMID: 33035914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium as a common environmental stressor may exert highly toxic effects on herbivorous insects. The question was whether possible elevation of an oxidative stress and imbalance of energetic reserves in insects may depend on developmental stage, sex and insect population's multigenerational history of exposure to cadmium. So, the aim of this study was to compare of the development traits, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, RSSR to RSH ratio and the concentration of carbohydrates, glycogen, lipids and proteins in whole individuals (larvae or pupae) of Spodoptera exigua originating from two strains: control and selected over 120 generations with sublethal metal concentration (44 Cd mg per dry weight of diet). Generally, the increase of the protein, carbohydrates, glycogen concentration and lipid peroxidation decrease with age of the larvae were found. Revealed cases of a higher mobilisation of carbohydrates and proteins, and changes in total antioxidant capacity or lipid peroxidation, in individuals being under metal exposure, occurred in strain-depended mode. Short-term Cd exposure effect was connected with possible higher engagement of proteins and glycogen in detoxification processes, but also higher concentration of lipid peroxidation. In turn, for long-term Cd exposure effect lower lipids concentration and higher thiols usage seemed to be more specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kafel
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawisza-Raszka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland; Municipal Botanical Garden in Zabrze, Piłsudskiego 60, PL 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Płachetka-Bożek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Molecular Probes for Evaluation of Oxidative Stress by In Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging: State-of-the-Art and Limitations. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a misbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defenses of the cell, appears as a critical factor either in the onset or in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Several methods of detection exist. However, they usually rely on ex vivo evaluation or reports on the status of living tissues only up to a few millimeters in depth, while a whole-body, real-time, non-invasive monitoring technique is required for early diagnosis or as an aid to therapy (to monitor the action of a drug). Methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in association with molecular probes based on aminoxyl radicals (nitroxides) or hydroxylamines especially, have emerged as very promising to meet these standards. The principles involve monitoring the rate of decrease or increase of the EPR signal in vivo after injection of the nitroxide or the hydroxylamine probe, respectively, in a pathological versus a control situation. There have been many successful applications in various rodent models. However, current limitations lie in both the field of the technical development of the spectrometers and the molecular probes. The scope of this review will mainly focus on the latter.
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Shahriari M, Zibaee A, Shamakhi L, Sahebzadeh N, Naseri D, Hoda H. Bio-efficacy and physiological effects of Eucalyptus globulus and Allium sativum essential oils against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1554588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shahriari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leila Shamakhi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sahebzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Diana Naseri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hassan Hoda
- Department of Biological Control, Iranian Institute of Plant Protection, Amol, Iran
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Shamakhi L, Zibaee A, Karimi-Malati A, Hoda H. Simultaneous effects of thermal stress and fungal infection on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system of rice-striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shamakhi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azadeh Karimi-Malati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hassan Hoda
- Iranian Research Institute of plant protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Shahriari M, Zibaee A, Sahebzadeh N, Shamakhi L. Effects of α-pinene, trans-anethole, and thymol as the essential oil constituents on antioxidant system and acetylcholine esterase of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 150:40-47. [PMID: 30195386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the potential effects of three essential oil constituents, α-pinene, trans-anethole, and thymol, on antioxidant system and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The 4th instar larvae were initially fed on an artificial diet containing an LC50 concentration of each above-mentioned compounds separately prior to being undertaken for sample preparation and biochemical assays. The significant higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the treated-larvae at both time intervals. Similar findings were found in the activity of glutathione S-transferase by using both reagents. Although activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in the treated larvae by all constituents while glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed no statistically different activity among the larvae fed on α-pinene, trans-anethole, and thymol. The concentration of malondialdehyde and the ratio of oxidized (RSSR) to reduced (RSH) thiols showed statistical differences among control and treated larvae except for time interval of 24 h regarding the ratio of RSSR/RSH. Finally, our results demonstrated a significant decrease of AChE activity in the treated larvae by all constituents after 24 h while no statistical differences were found between control and trans-anethole after 24 h. Also, in vitro analysis revealed significant inhibition of AChE representing IC50 values of 0.864, 0.490 and 0.137 μl/ml for α-pinene, trans-anethole, and thymol, respectively. These results determined significant effects of administered constituents on induction of antioxidant system and inhibition of a nervous system component which expand our knowledge on physiological turbulences due to essential oil treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran..
| | | | - Leila Shamakhi
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Khramtsov VV. In Vivo Molecular Electron Paramagnetic Resonance-Based Spectroscopy and Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment and Redox Using Functional Paramagnetic Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1365-1377. [PMID: 29132215 PMCID: PMC5910053 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A key role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression, treatment resistance, and as a target for therapeutic intervention is increasingly appreciated. Among important physiological components of the TME are tissue hypoxia, acidosis, high reducing capacity, elevated concentrations of intracellular glutathione (GSH), and interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi). Noninvasive in vivo pO2, pH, GSH, Pi, and redox assessment provide unique insights into biological processes in the TME, and may serve as a tool for preclinical screening of anticancer drugs and optimizing TME-targeted therapeutic strategies. Recent Advances: A reasonable radiofrequency penetration depth in living tissues and progress in development of functional paramagnetic probes make low-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based spectroscopy and imaging the most appropriate approaches for noninvasive assessment of the TME parameters. CRITICAL ISSUES Here we overview the current status of EPR approaches used in combination with functional paramagnetic probes that provide quantitative information on chemical TME and redox (pO2, pH, redox status, Pi, and GSH). In particular, an application of a recently developed dual-function pH and redox nitroxide probe and multifunctional trityl probe provides unsurpassed opportunity for in vivo concurrent measurements of several TME parameters in preclinical studies. The measurements of several parameters using a single probe allow for their correlation analyses independent of probe distribution and time of measurements. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The recent progress in clinical EPR instrumentation and development of biocompatible paramagnetic probes for in vivo multifunctional TME profiling eventually will make possible translation of these EPR techniques into clinical settings to improve prediction power of early diagnostics for the malignant transition and for future rational design of TME-targeted anticancer therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1365-1377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Khramtsov
- 1 In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown, West Virginia
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Rahimi V, Hajizadeh J, Zibaee A, Sendi JJ. Effect of Polygonum persicaria (Polygonales: Polygonaceae) Extracted Agglutinin on Life Table and Antioxidant Responses in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:662-671. [PMID: 29385554 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant lectins could reduce insect populations by imposing imbalances in biology and physiology. Here, an agglutinin was extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. (PPA; Polygonales: Polygonaceae) and its effects were investigated on life table parameters and antioxidant system of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PPA significantly changed demographic parameters showing adverse effects on age-stage survival rate (Sxj), age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific fecundity rate (mx), age stage specific fecundity (fxj), and life expectancy (exj). Also, life table parameters including net reproduction rate (R0) (Offspring/female), intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) (days-1), finite rate of increase (λ) (days-1), gross reproduction rate (GRR) (Offspring/female) significantly decreased in the PPA-treated H. armigera compared to control except for mean generation time (T) (days). Activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CA), peroxidase (POX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) increased statistically in the PPA-treated larvae compared to control while no significant difference was observed in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity. Moreover, ratio of RSSR/RSH and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were found to be statistically higher in PPA-treated larvae than control. The current results clearly showed that PPA not only had a negative impact on demography of H. armigera but also induced antioxidant raise by releasing free radicals. These released radicals, together with impaired digestion and absorption observed in our previous report, could be considered as a reason for reducing biological fitness of H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Rahimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalil Hajizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalal Jalali Sendi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Bobko AA, Eubank TD, Driesschaert B, Khramtsov VV. In Vivo EPR Assessment of pH, pO2, Redox Status, and Concentrations of Phosphate and Glutathione in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29608148 DOI: 10.3791/56624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol demonstrates the capability of low-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based techniques in combination with functional paramagnetic probes to provide quantitative information on the chemical tumor microenvironment (TME), including pO2, pH, redox status, concentrations of interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi), and intracellular glutathione (GSH). In particular, an application of a recently developed soluble multifunctional trityl probe provides unsurpassed opportunity for in vivo concurrent measurements of pH, pO2 and Pi in Extracellular space (HOPE probe). The measurements of three parameters using a single probe allow for their correlation analyses independent of probe distribution and time of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine;
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Shamakhi L, Zibaee A, Karimi-Malati A, Hoda H. A Laboratory Study on the Modeling of Temperature-Dependent Development and Antioxidant System of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4956169. [PMID: 29718498 PMCID: PMC5888741 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The developmental rates of Chilo suppressalis (Walker; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were investigated at different constant temperatures of 11, 18, 22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34, and 36°C to find out temperature thresholds, thermal requirements and larval antioxidant responses. The time to complete immature stages separately reduced by raising the rearing temperature except for eggs which showed no significant differences at 30-34°C. Data analysis by traditional and Ikemoto-Takai linear models determined Tmin of 10.0 and 9.92°C as well as thermal constants of 840.34 and 848.0 DD for the overall immature stages. The models including Analytis, Briere-2, Lactin-2, and Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto (SSI) calculated Tmin values of 9.15, 9.57, 10.0, and 11.37°C for overall immature stages while Tfast was found to be 33.8, 33.3, 33.7, and 33.0°C, respectively. Tmax was calculated as 35.12, 34.66, 34.56, 36.84, 34.11, and 35.15°C for Analytis, Briere-2, Lactin-2, SSI, Logan-6, and Logan-10. Topt using SSI was calculated as 24.42°C for total developmental time. The larvae exposure to 34°C in the short-term period demonstrated the highest activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase compared to control (24°C). Activities of ascorbate peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate hydrogenase also increased at 34°C in the short-term period for all preparations. The larvae exposed to 34°C in short-term period showed the highest amounts of Malondialdehyde and oxidized and reduced thiols (RSSR/RSH) ratio compared to control. These results may be useful to explain potentially ecological performance of C. suppressalis as the major pest of rice in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Shamakhi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Azadeh Karimi-Malati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hassan Hoda
- Iranian Research Institute of plant protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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14
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Eaton SS, Woodcock LB, Eaton GR. Continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance of nitroxide biradicals in fluid solution. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART A, BRIDGING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 2018; 47A:e21426. [PMID: 31548835 PMCID: PMC6756774 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.a.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide biradicals have been prepared with electron-electron spin-spin exchange interaction, J, ranging from weak to very strong. EPR spectra of these biradicals in fluid solution depend on the ratio of J to the nitrogen hyperfine coupling, AN, and the rates of interconversion between conformations with different values of J. For relatively rigid biradicals EPR spectra can be simulated as the superposition of AB splitting patterns arising from different combinations of nitrogen nuclear spin states. For more flexible biradicals spectra can be simulated with a Liouville representation of the dynamics that interconvert conformations with different values of J on the EPR timescale. Analysis of spectra, factors that impact J, and examples of applications to chemical and biophysical problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
| | - Lukas B Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
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15
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Lobysheva II, van Eeckhoudt S, Dei Zotti F, Rifahi A, Pothen L, Beauloye C, Balligand JL. Heme-nitrosylated hemoglobin and oxidative stress in women consuming combined contraceptives. Clinical application of the EPR spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:524-532. [PMID: 28392282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An increased risk of venous thromboembolism was identified in young women consuming combined contraceptive pills (CP) suggesting a disturbance of vascular homeostasis but the impact of CP on endothelial function and redox status of the vasculature was not thoroughly analyzed. We measured the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a main mediator of vascular homeostasis in a cohort of young female subjects (n=114) and compared the results in users or not of CPs containing ethinyl estradiol and synthetic progestogens. Vascular NO availability was measured by quantification of the heme-nitrosylated hemoglobin (5-coordinate-α-HbNO) concentrations in venous erythrocytes using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Vascular oxidative status was assessed by measurement of peroxides in plasma, and of the thiol redox state in erythrocytes. In addition, endothelial function was assessed by digital reactive hyperemia pulse tonometry using EndoPAT. We observed that the HbNO level was significantly lower in erythrocytes of subjects consuming CPs versus controls (162±8 and 217±12 nmol/L). This correlated with significantly increased levels of plasma peroxides (1.8±0.1mmol/L versus 0.8±0.1mmol/L in controls) and decreased concentrations of erythrocyte reduced thiols (by 12%). Interestingly, the level of oxidized ceruloplasmin-Cu(II) was also significantly higher in the group consuming CPs. The EndoPAT index showed a trend towards impairment in CP users, and was significantly lower in subjects that consumed CPs containing drospirenone, and had lowest erythrocyte HbNO levels. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional cohort study demonstrates that a decrease of HbNO measured by quantitative EPR in human venous erythrocytes is correlated with the development of endothelial dysfunction under CPs consumption, in parallel with increased vascular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Lobysheva
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine van Eeckhoudt
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Rifahi
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Pothen
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Khramtsov VV, Bobko AA, Tseytlin M, Driesschaert B. Exchange Phenomena in the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of the Nitroxyl and Trityl Radicals: Multifunctional Spectroscopy and Imaging of Local Chemical Microenvironment. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4758-4771. [PMID: 28363027 PMCID: PMC5513151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This Feature overviews the basic principles of using stable organic radicals involved in reversible exchange processes as functional paramagnetic probes. We demonstrate that these probes in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques provide analytical tools for quantitative mapping of critical parameters of local chemical microenvironment. The Feature is written to be understandable to people who are laymen to the EPR field in anticipation of future progress and broad application of these tools in biological systems, especially in vivo, over the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mark Tseytlin
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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17
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Epel B, Sundramoorthy SV, Krzykawska-Serda M, Maggio MC, Tseytlin M, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Rosen GM, Kao JPY, Halpern HJ. Imaging thiol redox status in murine tumors in vivo with rapid-scan electron paramagnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 276:31-36. [PMID: 28092786 PMCID: PMC5336491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiol redox status is an important physiologic parameter that affects the success or failure of cancer treatment. Rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (RS EPR) is a novel technique that has shown higher signal-to-noise ratio than conventional continuous-wave EPR in in vitro studies. Here we used RS EPR to acquire rapid three-dimensional images of the thiol redox status of tumors in living mice. This work presents, for the first time, in vivo RS EPR images of the kinetics of the reaction of 2H,15N-substituted disulfide-linked dinitroxide (PxSSPx) spin probe with intracellular glutathione. The cleavage rate is proportional to the intracellular glutathione concentration. Feasibility was demonstrated in a FSa fibrosarcoma tumor model in C3H mice. Similar to other in vivo and cell model studies, decreasing intracellular glutathione concentration by treating mice with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) markedly altered the kinetic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Epel
- Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Subramanian V Sundramoorthy
- Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martyna Krzykawska-Serda
- Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew C Maggio
- Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Tseytlin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Gerald M Rosen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Howard J Halpern
- Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Oganesyan VS, Chami F, White GF, Thomson AJ. A combined EPR and MD simulation study of a nitroxyl spin label with restricted internal mobility sensitive to protein dynamics. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 274:24-35. [PMID: 27842258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
EPR studies combined with fully atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and an MD-EPR simulation method provide evidence for intrinsic low rotameric mobility of a nitroxyl spin label, Rn, compared to the more widely employed label MTSL (R1). Both experimental and modelling results using two structurally different sites of attachment to Myoglobin show that the EPR spectra of Rn are more sensitive to the local protein environment than that of MTSL. This study reveals the potential of using the Rn spin label as a reporter of protein motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily S Oganesyan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Fatima Chami
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gaye F White
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Thomson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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19
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Legenzov EA, Muralidharan S, Woodcock LB, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Rosen GM, Kao JPY. Designing Molecular Probes To Prolong Intracellular Retention: Application to Nitroxide Spin Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2923-2930. [PMID: 27998079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of molecular probes into cells enables cellular imaging through optical and magnetic modalities. Probe molecules that are well retained by cells can accumulate to higher intracellular concentrations, and thus increase the signal-to-noise ratio of, and widen the temporal window for, imaging. Here we synthesize a paramagnetic spin probe bearing six ionic functional groups and show that it has long intracellular half-life (>12 h) and exceptional biostability in living cells. We demonstrate that judicious incorporation of ionic substituents on probe molecules systematically increases intracellular retention time, and should therefore be beneficial to imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Legenzov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Sukumaran Muralidharan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Lukas B Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver , Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Gerald M Rosen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, and Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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20
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Biller JR, Mitchell DG, Tseytlin M, Elajaili H, Rinard GA, Quine RW, Eaton SS, Eaton GR. Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27768025 DOI: 10.3791/54068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a superior method of 2D spectral-spatial imaging of stable radical reporter molecules at 250 MHz using rapid-scan electron-paramagnetic-resonance (RS-EPR), which can provide quantitative information under in vivo conditions on oxygen concentration, pH, redox status and concentration of signaling molecules (i.e., OH•, NO•). The RS-EPR technique has a higher sensitivity, improved spatial resolution (1 mm), and shorter acquisition time in comparison to the standard continuous wave (CW) technique. A variety of phantom configurations have been tested, with spatial resolution varying from 1 to 6 mm, and spectral width of the reporter molecules ranging from 16 µT (160 mG) to 5 mT (50 G). A cross-loop bimodal resonator decouples excitation and detection, reducing the noise, while the rapid scan effect allows more power to be input to the spin system before saturation, increasing the EPR signal. This leads to a substantially higher signal-to-noise ratio than in conventional CW EPR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Biller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver; Magnetic Imaging Group, Applied Physics Division, Physical Measurements Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
| | | | - Mark Tseytlin
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth University; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver
| | - George A Rinard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Denver
| | | | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver;
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21
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Legenzov EA, Sims SJ, Dirda NDA, Rosen GM, Kao JPY. Disulfide-Linked Dinitroxides for Monitoring Cellular Thiol Redox Status through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6973-82. [PMID: 26523485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular thiol-disulfide redox balance is crucial to cell health, and may be a key determinant of a cancer's response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The ability to assess intracellular thiol-disulfide balance may thus be useful not only in predicting responsiveness of cancers to therapy, but in assessing predisposition to disease. Assays of thiols in biology have relied on colorimetry or fluorimetry, both of which require UV-visible photons, which do not penetrate the body. Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) is an emerging magnetic imaging technique that uses radio waves, which penetrate the body well. Therefore, in combination with tailored imaging agents, EPRI affords the opportunity to image physiology within the body. In this study, we have prepared water-soluble and membrane-permeant disulfide-linked dinitroxides, at natural isotopic abundance, and with D,(15)N-substitution. Thiols such as glutathione cleave the disulfides, with simple bimolecular kinetics, to yield the monomeric nitroxide species, with distinctive changes in the EPR spectrum. Using the D,(15)N-substituted disulfide-dinitroxide and EPR spectroscopy, we have obtained quantitative estimates of accessible intracellular thiol in cultured human lymphocytes. Our estimates are in good agreement with published measurements. This suggests that in vivo EPRI of thiol-disulfide balance is feasible. Finally, we discuss the constraints on the design of probe molecules that would be useful for in vivo EPRI of thiol redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Legenzov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Stephen J Sims
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nathaniel D A Dirda
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Gerald M Rosen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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22
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Biller JR, Tseitlin M, Quine RW, Rinard GA, Weismiller HA, Elajaili H, Rosen GM, Kao JPY, Eaton SS, Eaton GR. Imaging of nitroxides at 250MHz using rapid-scan electron paramagnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 242:162-8. [PMID: 24650729 PMCID: PMC4081024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Projections for 2D spectral-spatial images were obtained by continuous wave and rapid-scan electron paramagnetic resonance using a bimodal cross-loop resonator at 251MHz. The phantom consisted of three 4mm tubes containing different (15)N,(2)H-substituted nitroxides. Rapid-scan and continuous wave images were obtained with 5min total acquisition times. For comparison, images also were obtained with 29s acquisition time for rapid scan and 15min for continuous wave. Relative to continuous wave projections obtained for the same data acquisition time, rapid-scan projections had significantly less low-frequency noise and substantially higher signal-to-noise at higher gradients. Because of the improved image quality for the same data acquisition time, linewidths could be determined more accurately from the rapid-scan images than from the continuous wave images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Biller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Mark Tseitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Richard W Quine
- Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - George A Rinard
- Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Hilary A Weismiller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Gerald M Rosen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States; Center for EPR Imaging in Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States.
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23
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Warshaviak DT, Khramtzov VV, Cascio D, Altenbach C, Hubbell WL. Structure and dynamics of an imidazoline nitroxide side chain with strongly hindered internal motion in proteins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 232:53-61. [PMID: 23694751 PMCID: PMC3758229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A disulfide-linked imidazoline nitroxide side chain (V1) has a similar and highly constrained internal motion at diverse topological sites in a protein, unlike that for the disulfide-linked pyrroline nitroxide side chain (R1) widely used in site directed spin labeling EPR. Crystal structures of V1 at two positions in a helix of T4 Lysozyme and quantum mechanical calculations suggest the source of the constraints as intra-side chain interactions of the disulfide sulfur atoms with both the protein backbone and the 3-nitrogen in the imidazoline ring. These interactions apparently limit the conformation of the side chain to one of only three possible rotamers, two of which are observed in the crystal structure. An inter-spin distance measurement in frozen solution using double electron-electron resonance (DEER) gives a value essentially identical to that determined from the crystal structure of the protein containing two copies of V1, indicating that lattice forces do not dictate the rotamers observed. Collectively, the results suggest the possibility of predetermining a unique rotamer of V1 in helical structures. In general, the reduced rotameric space of V1 compared to R1 should simplify interpretation of inter-spin distance information in terms of protein structure, while the highly constrained internal motion is expected to extend the dynamic range for characterizing large amplitude nanosecond backbone fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Toledo Warshaviak
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Valery V. Khramtzov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Ave., room 201, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Duilio Cascio
- UCLA-DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Christian Altenbach
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Wayne L. Hubbell
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Corresponding author , Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 310-206-8830
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24
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Redler G, Barth ED, Bauer KS, Kao JPY, Rosen GM, Halpern HJ. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of differential tumor targeting using cis-3,4-di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1650-6. [PMID: 23776127 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy promises quantitative images of important physiologic markers of animal tumors and normal tissues, such as pO(2), pH, and thiol redox status. These parameters of tissue function are conveniently reported by tailored nitroxides. For defining tumor physiology, it is vital that nitroxides are selectively localized in tumors relative to normal tissue. Furthermore, these paramagnetic species should be specifically taken up by cells of the tumor, thereby reporting on both the site of tumor formation and the physiological status of the tissue. This study investigates the tumor localization of the novel nitroxide, cis-3,4-di(acetoxymethoxycarbonyl)-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidin-yloxyl 3 relative to the corresponding di-acid 4. METHODS We obtained images of nitroxide 3 infused intravenously into C3H mice bearing 0.5-cm(3) FSa fibrosarcoma on the leg, and compared these with images of similar tumors infused with nitroxide 4. RESULTS The ratio of spectral intensity from within the tumor-bearing region to that of normal tissue was higher in the mice injected with 3 relative to 4. CONCLUSION This establishes the possibility of tumor imaging with a nitroxide with intracellular distribution and provides the basis for EPR images of animal models to investigate the relationship between crucial aspects of tumor microenvironment and malignancy and its response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage Redler
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bobko AA, Eubank TD, Voorhees JL, Efimova OV, Kirilyuk IA, Petryakov S, Trofimiov DG, Marsh CB, Zweier JL, Grigor'ev IA, Samouilov A, Khramtsov VV. In vivo monitoring of pH, redox status, and glutathione using L-band EPR for assessment of therapeutic effectiveness in solid tumors. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:1827-36. [PMID: 22113626 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Approach for in vivo real-time assessment of tumor tissue extracellular pH (pH(e)), redox, and intracellular glutathione based on L-band EPR spectroscopy using dual function pH and redox nitroxide probe and disulfide nitroxide biradical, is described. These parameters were monitored in PyMT mice bearing breast cancer tumors during treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It was observed that tumor pH(e) is about 0.4 pH units lower than that in normal mammary gland tissue. Treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased the value of pH(e) by 0.3 units compared with PBS control treatment. Tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione were elevated compared with normal mammary gland tissue. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. In addition to spectroscopic studies, pH(e) mapping was performed using recently proposed variable frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging. The pH mapping superimposed with MRI image supports probe localization in mammary gland/tumor tissue, shows high heterogeneity of tumor tissue pH(e) and a difference of about 0.4 pH units between average pH(e) values in tumor and normal mammary gland. In summary, the developed multifunctional approach allows for in vivo, noninvasive pH(e), extracellular redox, and intracellular glutathione content monitoring during investigation of various therapeutic strategies for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Spasojević I. Free radicals and antioxidants at a glance using EPR spectroscopy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2011; 48:114-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.591772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Song Y, Rockenbauer A, Sun J, Hemann C, Villamena FA, Zweier JL. Synthesis of trityl radical-conjugated disulfide biradicals for measurement of thiol concentration. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3853-60. [PMID: 21488696 DOI: 10.1021/jo200265u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of thiol concentrations is of great importance for characterizing their critical role in normal metabolism and disease. Low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging, coupled with the use of exogenous paramagnetic probes, have been indispensable techniques for the in vivo measurement of various physiological parameters owing to the specificity, noninvasiveness and good depth of magnetic field penetration in animal tissues. However, in vivo detection of thiol levels by EPR spectroscopy and imaging is limited due to the need for improved probes. We report the first synthesis of trityl radical-conjugated disulfide biradicals (TSSN and TSST) as paramagnetic thiol probes. The use of trityl radicals in the construction of these biradicals greatly facilitates thiol measurement by EPR spectroscopy since trityls have extraordinary stability in living tissues with a single narrow EPR line that enables high sensitivity and resolution for in vivo EPR spectroscopy and imaging. Both biradicals exhibit broad characteristic EPR spectra at room temperature because of their intramolecular spin-spin interaction. Reaction of these biradicals with thiol compounds such as glutathione (GSH) and cysteine results in the formation of trityl monoradicals which exhibit high spectral sensitivity to oxygen. The moderately slow reaction between the biradicals and GSH (k(2) ∼ 0.3 M(-1) s(-1) for TSSN and 0.2 M(-1) s(-1) for TSST) allows for in vivo measurement of GSH concentration without altering the redox environment in biological systems. The GSH concentration in rat liver was determined to be 3.49 ± 0.14 mM by TSSN and 3.67 ± 0.24 mM by TSST, consistent with the value (3.71 ± 0.09 mM) determined by the Ellman's reagent. Thus, these trityl-based thiol probes exhibit unique properties enabling measurement of thiols in biological systems and should be of great value for monitoring redox metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Liu
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Ciani L, Candiani G, Frati A, Ristori S. DNA induced dimerization of a sulfhydryl surfactant in transfection agents studied by ESR spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 2010; 151:81-5. [PMID: 20554371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic vectors for gene delivery offer a wide variety of functional derivatization, which can be exploited to increase targeting and transfection efficacy. In this field, redox-sensitive agents based on the thiol/disulfide (-SH/-SS-) equilibrium are a class of promising transfectants. Here the thiol group content in lipoplexes formed by a triazine-based sulfhydryl surfactant (SH14) and a plasmid (pGEFP-N1) was probed by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) of appropriately tailored nitroxides. By modelling the time decay of ESR intensity, details on the process of lipoplex formation were obtained. It was found that the concentration of available -SH groups depended on the contact time between SH14 and DNA, suggesting that lipoplex formation entailed disulfide bridge formation among SH14 molecules. This finding represents the first experimental evidence that the -SH/-SS- equilibrium plays a role in lipoplex formation when DNA is complexed by sulfhydryl-based transfecting agents, which may have profound influence on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciani
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto F.no, Italy
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Martemyanov VV, Bakhvalov SA, Rantala MJ, Dubovskiy IM, Shul’ts EE, Belousova IA, Strel’nikov AG, Glupov VV. The response of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus to induced resistance in birch (Betula pendula Roth.). RUSS J ECOL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413609060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Roshchupkina GI, Bobko AA, Bratasz A, Reznikov VA, Kuppusamy P, Khramtsov VV. In vivo EPR measurement of glutathione in tumor-bearing mice using improved disulfide biradical probe. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:312-20. [PMID: 18468522 PMCID: PMC2494956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide nitroxide biradicals, DNB, have been used for glutathione, GSH, measurements by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, in various cells and tissues. In the present paper, the postulated potential use of DNB for EPR detection of GSH in vivo was explored. Isotopic substitution in the structure of the DNB was performed for the enhancement of its EPR spectral properties. (15)N substitution in the NO fragment of the DNB decreased the number of EPR spectral lines and resulted in an approximately two-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio, SNR. An additional two-fold increase in the SNR was achieved by substitution of the hydrogen atoms with deuterium resulting in narrowing the EPR lines from 1.35 G to 0.95 G. The spectral changes of DNB upon reaction with GSH and cysteine were studied in vitro in a wide range of pHs at room temperature and "body" temperature, 37 degrees C, and the corresponding bimolecular rate constants were calculated. In in vivo experiments the kinetics of the L-band EPR spectral changes after injection of DNB into ovarian xenograft tumors grown in nude mice were measured by L-band EPR spectroscopy, and analyzed in terms of the two main contributing reactions, splitting of the disulfide bond and reduction of the NO fragment. The initial exponential increase of the "monoradical" peak intensity has been used for the calculation of the GSH concentration using the value of the observed rate constant for the reaction of DNB with GSH, k(obs) (pH 7.1, 37 degrees C)=2.6 M(-1)s(-1). The concentrations of GSH in cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive tumors were found to be 3.3 mM and 1.8 mM, respectively, in quantitative agreement with the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina I. Roshchupkina
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentjev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Anna Bratasz
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Vladimir A. Reznikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentjev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Valery V. Khramtsov
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Dubovskiy IM, Martemyanov VV, Vorontsova YL, Rantala MJ, Gryzanova EV, Glupov VV. Effect of bacterial infection on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in the midgut of Galleria mellonella L. larvae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:1-5. [PMID: 18400562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the most widely used sources of biorational pesticides, as well as a key source of genes for transgenic expression to provide pest resistance in plants. In this study the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae (Bt) infection on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), concentrations of oxidated and reduced thiols (RSSR/RSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was tested in the midgut of Galleria mellonella larvae. We found that Bt infection resulted in increased activities of SOD, GST, malondialdehyde and RSSR/RSH ratio the first day after inoculation. However, catalase activity decreased on the first and following days after bacterial infection by Bt. Our results confirm the hypothesis that Bt infection increases the level of oxidative stress in the larval midgut. In light of this study, it seems possible that oxidative damage contributes to cell death in the midgut during bacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Dubovskiy
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 630091 Novosibirsk, Frunze str. 11, Russia.
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Bratasz A, Selvendiran K, Wasowicz T, Bobko A, Khramtsov VV, Ignarro LJ, Kuppusamy P. NCX-4040, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin, sensitizes drug-resistant human ovarian xenograft tumors to cisplatin by depletion of cellular thiols. J Transl Med 2008; 6:9. [PMID: 18302761 PMCID: PMC2267444 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers in the world. The high mortality rate is associated with lack of early diagnosis and development of drug resistance. The antitumor efficacy and mechanism of NCX-4040, a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin derivative, against ovarian cancer is studied. Methods NCX-4040, alone or in combination with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, cDDP), was studied in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780 WT) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780 cDDP) cell lines as well as xenograft tumors grown in nude mice. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used for measurements of nitric oxide and redox state. Immunoblotting analysis of A2780 cDDP tumor xenografts from mice was used for mechanistic studies. Results Cells treated with NCX-4040 (25 μM) showed a significant reduction of cell viability (A2780 WT, 34.9 ± 8.7%; A2780 cDDP, 41.7 ± 7.6%; p < 0.05). Further, NCX-4040 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of A2780 cDDP cells (cisplatin alone, 80.6 ± 11.8% versus NCX-4040+cisplatin, 26.4 ± 7.6%; p < 0.01) and xenograft tumors (cisplatin alone, 74.0 ± 4.4% versus NCX-4040+cisplatin, 56.4 ± 7.8%; p < 0.05), to cisplatin treatment. EPR imaging of tissue redox and thiol measurements showed a 5.5-fold reduction (p < 0.01) of glutathione in NCX-4040-treated A2780 cDDP tumors when compared to untreated controls. Immunoblotting analysis of A2780 cDDP tumor xenografts from mice treated with NCX-4040 and cisplatin revealed significant downregulation of pEGFR (Tyr845 and Tyr992) and pSTAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727) expression. Conclusion The results suggested that NCX-4040 could resensitize drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin possibly by depletion of cellular thiols. Thus NCX-4040 appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of human ovarian carcinoma and cisplatin-resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bratasz
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Swartz HM, Khan N, Khramtsov VV. Use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the redox state in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:1757-71. [PMID: 17678441 PMCID: PMC2702846 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of how electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) can be used to measure redox-related parameters in vivo. The values of this approach include that the measurements are made under fully physiological conditions, and some of the measurements cannot be made by other means. Three complementary approaches are used with in vivo EPR: the rate of reduction or reactions of nitroxides, spin trapping of free radicals, and measurements of thiols. All three approaches already have produced unique and useful information. The measurement of the rate of decrease of nitroxides technically is the simplest, but difficult to interpret because the measured parameter, reduction in the intensity of the nitroxide signal, can occur by several different mechanisms. In vivo spin trapping can provide direct evidence for the occurrence of specific free radicals in vivo and reflect relative changes, but accurate absolute quantification remains challenging. The measurement of thiols in vivo also appears likely to be useful, but its development as an in vivo technique is at an early stage. It seems likely that the use of in vivo EPR to measure redox processes will become an increasingly utilized and valuable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Zakharchuk N, Borisova N, Guselnikova E, Brainina K. Determination of Thiols and Disulfides in Whole Blood and Its Fractions by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry and Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Titration. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Martemyanov VV, Bakhvalov SA, Dubovskiy IM, Glupov VV, Salakhutdinov NF, Tolstikov GA. Effect of tannic acid on the development and resistance of the Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. to viral infection. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2006; 409:219-22. [PMID: 16986435 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672906040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V V Martemyanov
- Institute of Ecology and Systematics of Animals, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Frunze 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
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Potapenko DI, Bagryanskaya EG, Grigoriev IA, Maksimov AM, Reznikov VA, Platonov VE, Clanton TL, Khramtsov VV. Quantitative determination of SH groups using 19F NMR spectroscopy and disulfide of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-mercaptobenzoic acid. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:902-9. [PMID: 16114102 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new method of measurement of thiol concentration by 19F NMR spectroscopy is developed. The method is based on the detection of products of the exchange reaction of thiols with a newly synthesized fluorinated disulfide, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-mercaptobenzoic acid (BSSB). A significant broadening of the 19F NMR signal of BSSB in the presence of thiols was observed and attributed to the exchange reaction between the parent disulfide and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-mercaptobenzoic acid. The rate constant for this reaction was found to be equal to (63 +/- 11) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.0. The method was applied for the measurement of concentration of glutathione and albumin in rat blood.
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Level and activities of antioxidants in intestine of larvae Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) at peroral infestation by bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10893-005-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khramtsov VV, Grigor'ev IA, Foster MA, Lurie DJ. In vitro and in vivo measurement of pH and thiols by EPR-based techniques. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 6:667-76. [PMID: 15130294 DOI: 10.1089/152308604773934431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo measurements of pH and thiols provide critical information on physiology and pathophysiology of living organisms, particularly related to oxidative stress. Stable nitroxides of imidazoline and imidazolidine types provide the unique possibility of measuring local values of pH and glutathione content in various biological systems, including in vivo studies. The basis for these applications is the observation of specific chemical reactions of these nitroxides with protons or thiols, followed by significant changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of these probes, measured by low-frequency EPR techniques. The applications of some newly developed pH and SH probes in model systems of pharmacological interest, biological fluids, tissues, and cells as well as in vivo studies in isolated hearts and in the gut of living animals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Khramtsov
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, uSA.
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40
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Camera E, Picardo M. Analytical methods to investigate glutathione and related compounds in biological and pathological processes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:181-206. [PMID: 12450659 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is a fundamental low-molecular mass antioxidant that serves several biological functions. Upon enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, GSH forms glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and, under particular conditions, may generate other oxidative products. The determination of GSH, its precursors, and metabolites in several bio-matrices is a useful tool in studying oxidative stress. Many separative and non-separative methods have been developed and improved for the assay of GSH and related compounds. At present, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are the most used separative techniques to determine GSH and congeners. The review will deal with analytical methods developed over the last few years for the determination of GSH and related compounds, and with the procedures performed in sample pre-treatment in order to minimize analytical errors. Since GSH, GSSG, and related compounds lack of strong chromophores or fluorophores, it is advantageous, in many assays, to derivatize the compounds in order to improve the detection limit with UV-Vis and to allow fluorescence, thus the most commonly used labeling agents are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Camera
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cutanea dell'Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano (IRCCS), Via San Gallicano 25/A, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
The ultimate goal of in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping is to provide a window to the characterization and quantification of free radicals with time within living organisms. However, the practical application of in vivo ESR to systems involving reactive oxygen radicals has proven challenging. Some of these limitations relate to instrument sensitivity and particularly to the relative stability of these radicals and their nitrone adducts, as well as toxicity limitations with dosing. Our aim here is to review the strengths and weaknesses of both traditional and in vivo ESR spin trapping and to describe new approaches that couple the strengths of spin trapping with methodologies that promise to overcome some of the problems, in particular that of radical adduct decomposition. The new, complementary techniques include: (i) NMR spin trapping, which monitors new NMR lines resulting from diamagnetic products of radical spin adduct degradation and reduction, (ii) detection of *NO by ESR with dithiocarbamate: Fe(II) "spin trap-like" complexes, (iii) MRI spin trapping, which images the dithiocarbamate: Fe(II)-NO complexes by proton relaxation contrast enhancement, and (iv) the use of ESR to follow the reactions of sulfhydryl groups with dithiol biradical spin labels to form "thiol spin label adducts," for monitoring intracellular redox states of glutathione and other thiols. Although some of these approaches are in their infancy, they show promise of adding to the arsenal of techniques to measure and possibly "image" oxidative stress in living organisms in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Berliner
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Kveder M, Pifat G, Vukelić B, Pecar S, Schara M. Structural aspects of thiol-specific spin labeling of human plasma low density lipoprotein. Biopolymers 2001; 57:336-43. [PMID: 11054653 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(2000)57:6<336::aid-bip30>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel thiol-specific spin labeling procedure for the protein component (apoprotein B, apoB) of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) is presented. A methanethiosulfonate spin label was used to probe the free cysteine residues of apoB with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the spin labeled sites are predominantly buried in the LDL particle in two distinct environments that differ in their mobility restrictions. The suitability of thiol-specific labeling for the study of the stability and conformation of apoB was demonstrated in experiments with denaturing agents. The results presented in this work offer a new approach for the matching of EPR data with the primary structure of apoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kveder
- Ruder Bosković Institute, FK/LMR, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Naskalski
- Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Yelinova VI, Khramtsov VV, Markel AL. Manifestation of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in ISIAH rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:450-3. [PMID: 10491314 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ISIAH rat strain with stress-sensitive arterial hypertension was intentionally selected to study the role of stress as a factor in the development of arterial hypertension. This study aimed to determine the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension in ISIAH rats. The nitric oxide concentrations measured by EPR were found to be significantly higher for hypertensive ISIAH rats compared with that for normotensive Wistar rats in both the aortic wall (2 times) and cerebellum (1.5 times). The activity of superoxide dismutase measured in the blood of ISIAH rats was found to be about 1.5 times lower compared with that of Wistar rats. These data support the suggestion that ROS and RNS, including superoxide radicals and nitric oxide, may play an important role in development of stress-induced hypertension in ISIAH rats. The tissue content of reduced thiols has been considered as a marker of oxidative damage. To study the tissue oxidative status we used an EPR method for quantitative determination of SH groups. The concentration of reduced thiols in the blood of ISIAH rats was much lower than that in Wistar rats (0.6 +/- 0.05 and 1.57 +/- 0.1 mM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Yelinova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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