1
|
Luciani M, Armillotta G, Ciarelli A, Ulisse S, Teodori L, Bortone G, Giamboi A, Monaco F, Tittarelli M, Di Ventura M, Iannetti L, Podaliri Vulpiani M, Di Febo T. Production of monoclonal antibodies binding to the VP7 protein of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 270:131-136. [PMID: 31095974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against AHSV were produced by immunising BALB/c mice with AHSV serotype 9 and six clones able to recognize specifically the VP7-AHSV with a strong reactivity were selected. The specificity of the MAbs was assessed in i-ELISA against a commercial VP7-AHSV and in immunoblot against a home-made VP7-AHSV, expressed by a Baculovirus expression system; potential cross-reactions with related orbiviruses (Bluetongue virus and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus) were investigated as well. One of the six MAbs selected, MAb 7F11E14, was tested in direct immunofluorescence and reacted with all nine AHSV serotypes, but didn't cross-react with BTV and EHDV. MAb 7F11E14 was also used to develop a competitive ELISA and was able to detect AHSV antibodies in the sera of AHS infected animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Luciani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy.
| | - Gisella Armillotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonella Ciarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Ulisse
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Liana Teodori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Grazia Bortone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamboi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuela Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ventura
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Luigi Iannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Di Febo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robin M, Page P, Archer D, Baylis M. African horse sickness: The potential for an outbreak in disease-free regions and current disease control and elimination techniques. Equine Vet J 2016; 48:659-69. [PMID: 27292229 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is an arboviral disease of equids transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. The virus is endemic in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and official AHS disease-free status can be obtained from the World Organization for Animal Health on fulfilment of a number of criteria. AHS is associated with case fatality rates of up to 95%, making an outbreak among naïve horses both a welfare and economic disaster. The worldwide distributions of similar vector-borne diseases (particularly bluetongue disease of ruminants) are changing rapidly, probably due to a combination of globalisation and climate change. There is extensive evidence that the requisite conditions for an AHS epizootic currently exist in disease-free countries. In particular, although the stringent regulations enforced upon competition horses make them extremely unlikely to redistribute the virus, there are great concerns over the effects of illegal equid movement. An outbreak of AHS in a disease free region would have catastrophic effects on equine welfare and industry, particularly for international events such as the Olympic Games. While many regions have contingency plans in place to manage an outbreak of AHS, further research is urgently required if the equine industry is to avoid or effectively contain an AHS epizootic in disease-free regions. This review describes the key aspects of AHS as a global issue and discusses the evidence supporting concerns that an epizootic may occur in AHS free countries, the planned government responses, and the roles and responsibilities of equine veterinarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - P Page
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - D Archer
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - M Baylis
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Cheshire, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weyer CT, Joone C, Lourens CW, Monyai MS, Koekemoer O, Grewar JD, van Schalkwyk A, Majiwa PO, MacLachlan NJ, Guthrie AJ. Development of three triplex real-time reverse transcription PCR assays for the qualitative molecular typing of the nine serotypes of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2015; 223:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Bachanek-Bankowska K, Maan S, Castillo-Olivares J, Manning NM, Maan NS, Potgieter AC, Di Nardo A, Sutton G, Batten C, Mertens PPC. Real time RT-PCR assays for detection and typing of African horse sickness virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93758. [PMID: 24721971 PMCID: PMC3983086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although African horse sickness (AHS) can cause up to 95% mortality in horses, naïve animals can be protected by vaccination against the homologous AHSV serotype. Genome segment 2 (Seg-2) encodes outer capsid protein VP2, the most variable of the AHSV proteins. VP2 is also a primary target for AHSV specific neutralising antibodies, and consequently determines the identity of the nine AHSV serotypes. In contrast VP1 (the viral polymerase) and VP3 (the sub-core shell protein), encoded by Seg-1 and Seg-3 respectively, are highly conserved, representing virus species/orbivirus-serogroup-specific antigens. We report development and evaluation of real-time RT-PCR assays targeting AHSV Seg-1 or Seg-3, that can detect any AHSV type (virus species/serogroup-specific assays), as well as type-specific assays targeting Seg-2 of the nine AHSV serotypes. These assays were evaluated using isolates of different AHSV serotypes and other closely related orbiviruses, from the ‘Orbivirus Reference Collection’ (ORC) at The Pirbright Institute. The assays were shown to be AHSV virus-species-specific, or type-specific (as designed) and can be used for rapid, sensitive and reliable detection and identification (typing) of AHSV RNA in infected blood, tissue samples, homogenised Culicoides, or tissue culture supernatant. None of the assays amplified cDNAs from closely related heterologous orbiviruses, or from uninfected host animals or cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushila Maan
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola M. Manning
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Abraham C. Potgieter
- Deltamune (Pty) Ltd, Lyttelton, Centurion, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Antonello Di Nardo
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Sutton
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Batten
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guthrie AJ, MacLachlan NJ, Joone C, Lourens CW, Weyer CT, Quan M, Monyai MS, Gardner IA. Diagnostic accuracy of a duplex real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay for detection of African horse sickness virus. J Virol Methods 2013; 189:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Balamurugan V, Venkatesan G, Sen A, Annamalai L, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Recombinant protein-based viral disease diagnostics in veterinary medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:731-53. [PMID: 20843198 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identification of pathogens or antibody response to pathogens in human and animals modulates the treatment strategies for naive population and subsequent infections. Diseases can be controlled and even eradicated based on the epidemiology and effective prophylaxis, which often depends on development of efficient diagnostics. In addition, combating newly emerging diseases in human as well as animal healthcare is challenging and is dependent on developing safe and efficient diagnostics. Detection of antibodies directed against specific antigens has been the method of choice for documenting prior infection. Other than zoonosis, development of inexpensive vaccines and diagnostics is a unique problem in animal healthcare. The advent of recombinant DNA technology and its application in the biotechnology industry has revolutionized animal healthcare. The use of recombinant DNA technology in animal disease diagnosis has improved the rapidity, specificity and sensitivity of various diagnostic assays. This is because of the absence of host cellular proteins in the recombinant derived antigen preparations that dramatically decrease the rate of false-positive reactions. Various recombinant products are used for disease diagnosis in veterinary medicine and this article discusses recombinant-based viral disease diagnostics currently used for detection of pathogens in livestock and poultry.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim SI, Jeong W, Tark DS, Yang DK, Kweon CH. Agar gel immunodiffusion analysis using baculovirus-expressed recombinant bovine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein (gp51/gp30(T-)). J Vet Sci 2010; 10:331-6. [PMID: 19934599 PMCID: PMC2807270 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2009.10.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope glycoprotein (gp51/ gp30(T-)), consisting of BLV gp51 and BLV gp30 that lacked its C-terminal transmembrane domain, was expressed in insect cells under the control of the baculovirus polyhedron promoter. Recombinant BLV gp51/gp30(T-) secreted from insect cells was determined by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent and western blot assays using a BLV-specific monoclonal antibody and BLV-positive bovine antibodies. An agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test using gp51/gp30(T-) as the antigen for the detection of BLV antibodies in serum was developed and compared to traditional AGID, which uses wild type BLV antigen derived from fetal lamb kidney cells. AGID with the recombinant BLV gp51/gp30(T-) was relatively more sensitive than traditional AGID. When the two methods were tested with bovine sera from the field, the recombinant BLV gp51/gp30(T-) and traditional antigen had a relative sensitivity of 69.8% and 67.4%, respectively, and a relative specificity of 93.3% and 92.3%. These results indicated that the recombinant BLV gp51/gp30(T-) is an effective alternative antigen for the diagnosis of BLV infection in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Lim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernández-Pinero J, Fernández-Pacheco P, Rodríguez B, Sotelo E, Robles A, Arias M, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Rapid and sensitive detection of African horse sickness virus by real-time PCR. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:353-8. [PMID: 18782637 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific TaqMan-MGB real-time RT-PCR assay has been developed and standardised for the detection of African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Primers and MGB probe specific for AHSV were selected within a highly conserved region of genome segment 7. The robustness and general application of the diagnostic method were verified by the detection of 12 AHSV isolates from all of the nine serotypes. The analytical sensitivity ranged from 0.001 to 0.15 TCID(50) per reaction, depending on the viral serotype. Real-time PCR performance was preliminarily assessed by analysing a panel of field equine samples. The same primer pair was used to standardise a conventional RT-PCR as an affordable, useful and simple alternative method in laboratories without access to real-time PCR instruments. The two techniques present novel tools to improve the molecular diagnosis of African horse sickness (AHS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jansen van Vuren P, Potgieter AC, Paweska JT, van Dijk AA. Preparation and evaluation of a recombinant Rift Valley fever virus N protein for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in humans and animals by indirect ELISA. J Virol Methods 2006; 140:106-14. [PMID: 17174410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of the N protein of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) ZIM688/78 isolate and its evaluation in indirect ELISAs (I-ELISA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in human and sheep sera. Sera used for the evaluation were from 106 laboratory workers immunised with an inactivated RVF vaccine, 16 RVF patients, 168 serial bleeds from 8 sheep experimentally infected with wild type RVFV and 210 serial bleeds from 10 sheep vaccinated with the live attenuated Smithburn RVFV strain. All human and animal sera that tested positive in the virus neutralisation test were also positive in the IgG I-ELISA. There was a high correlation (R2=0.8571) between virus neutralising titres and IgG I-ELISA readings in human vaccinees. In experimentally infected sheep IgG antibodies were detected from day 4 to 5 post-infection onwards and IgM antibodies from day 3 to 4. The IgG I-ELISA was more sensitive than virus neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests in detecting the early immune response in experimentally infected sheep. The I-ELISAs demonstrated that the IgG and IgM response to the Smithburn vaccine strain was slower and the levels of antibodies induced markedly lower than to wild type RVFV infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Maree S, Paweska JT. Preparation of recombinant African horse sickness virus VP7 antigen via a simple method and validation of a VP7-based indirect ELISA for the detection of group-specific IgG antibodies in horse sera. J Virol Methods 2005; 125:55-65. [PMID: 15737417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the production and purification of a group-specific recombinant protein VP7 of African horse sickness virus serotype 3 (AHSV-3) and validation of an I-ELISA for the detection of IgG-antibodies to VP7 in horse sera. Baculovirus-expressed VP7 crystals were purified from infected insect cells. Analytical accuracy of the I-ELISA was examined using sera (n = 38) from an experimentally infected horse, from foals born to vaccinated mares, from guinea-pigs immunized with nine serotypes of AHSV, and from sera of animals infected with other orbiviruses. Compared to traditional serological assays, the I-ELISA was more sensitive in detection of the earliest immunological response in an infected horse and declining levels of maternal immunity in foals. Antibodies to all nine serotypes of AHSV could be detected. Cross-reactivity to related orbiviruses was not observed. Diagnostic accuracy of the I-ELISA was assessed by testing sera from vaccinated horses (n = 358) residing in AHS-enzootic areas and from unvaccinated horses (n = 481) residing in an AHS-free area. Sera were categorised as positive or negative for antibodies to AHSV using virus neutralisation tests. The TG-ROC analysis was used for the selection of the cut-off value. At a cut-off of 11.9 of the high positive control serum (percentage positivity), the I-ELISA specificity was 100%, sensitivity 99.4%, and the Jouden index was 0.99.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Maree
- Department of Biochemistry, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, P/Bag X 5, Onderstepoort, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|