1
|
Ismael S, Colvin RA, Lee D. Activation of cyclic AMP signaling pathway in dopaminergic neurons rescues locomotion defects in a Drosophila larval model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148641. [PMID: 37866407 PMCID: PMC10842101 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease showing uncontrollable motor symptoms that are primarily caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Currently no treatment exists to prevent PD progression. Therefore, discovery of new neuroprotective strategies still has great potential to benefit PD patients. A handful of studies show that activation of cAMP pathways is neuroprotective against PD progression. However, the neuroprotective role of this signaling cascade specifically in DA neurons has not been explored. In this study, fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was used because of its sophisticated and powerful genetic approaches, especially with related to cAMP signaling pathway. We have investigated molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection in a fly larval model of PD by administering an environmental PD toxin rotenone. Increased cAMP signaling in the dunce mutant fly carrying defects in phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene, is neuroprotective against rotenone-induced locomotion deficits. Furthermore, the neuroprotective role of cAMP signaling specifically in DA neurons has been studied as it has not been explored. By using transgenic flies expressing designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), we have shown that an increase of cAMP levels in DA neurons rescues rotenone-induced locomotion deficits. We also showed that this neuroprotection is mediated by activation of Gαs and PKA-C1 subunits. The results provide novel findings that expand our knowledge of neuroprotective mechanisms in DA neurons affecting PD progression, which could contribute to the development of new therapeutic treatments against PD. An important future study will explore downstream targets of cAMP-PKA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sazan Ismael
- Neuroscience Program, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R., Iraq
| | - Robert A Colvin
- Neuroscience Program, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Daewoo Lee
- Neuroscience Program, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Lu K, Lou X, Zhang S, Song W, Li R, Geng L, Cheng B. Astaxanthin ameliorates dopaminergic neuron damage in paraquat-induced SH-SY5Y cells and mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110762. [PMID: 37708917 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second largest neurodegenerative disorder caused by the decreased number of dopaminergic (DAc) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). There is evidence that oxidative stress can contribute degeneration of DAc neurons in SNpc which is mainly caused by apoptotic cell death. Thus, suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis of DAc neurons is an effective strategy to mitigate the progress of PD. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid, which mainly exists in marine organisms and is a powerful biological antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of AST on paraquat (PQ) -induced models of PD in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed that AST significantly enhanced cell survival of SH-SY5Y cells against PQ toxicity by suppressing apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress. Moreover, we found that AST significantly ameliorated PQ-induced behavioral disorders associated with PD in C57BL/6 J mice and the damage to DAc neurons in the SNpc of mice. Lastly, we found that the neuroprotective effects of AST were conducted through inhibiting PQ-induced activation of MAPK signaling. In conclusion, our study indicates that AST had a strong protective effect on PQ-induced oxidative stress and antagonized apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and PQ-induced mice PD model, which might provide new insights of AST for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Kunliang Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xingyue Lou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Chongqing Sixth People's Hospital, 301 Nancheng Avenue, Nan'an District, 400060 Chongqing, China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lujing Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Binfeng Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Zampese E, Surmeier DJ. Disease mechanisms as Subtypes: Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:53-66. [PMID: 36803823 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Despite its enormous human and societal cost, there is no disease-modifying therapy for PD. This unmet medical need reflects our limited understanding of PD pathogenesis. One of the most important clues comes from the recognition that PD motor symptoms arises from the dysfunction and degeneration of a very select group of neurons in the brain. These neurons have a distinctive set of anatomic and physiologic traits that reflect their role in brain function. These traits elevate mitochondrial stress, potentially making them particularly vulnerable to age, as well as to genetic mutations and environmental toxins linked to PD incidence. In this chapter, the literature supporting this model is outlined, along with gaps in our knowledge base. The translational implications of this hypothesis are then discussed, with a focus on why disease-modification trials have failed to date and what this means for the development of new strategies for altering disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and CIBERNED, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oxidative Stress in Depression: The Link with the Stress Response, Neuroinflammation, Serotonin, Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020470. [PMID: 36830028 PMCID: PMC9951986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent, complex, and highly debilitating disease. The full comprehension of this disease is still a global challenge. Indeed, relapse, recurrency, and therapeutic resistance are serious challenges in the fight against depression. Nevertheless, abnormal functioning of the stress response, inflammatory processes, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity are known to underlie the pathophysiology of this mental disorder. The role of oxidative stress in disease and, particularly, in depression is widely recognized, being important for both its onset and development. Indeed, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and lack of efficient antioxidant response trigger processes such as inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neuronal death. Keeping in mind the importance of a detailed study about cellular and molecular mechanisms that are present in depression, this review focuses on the link between oxidative stress and the stress response, neuroinflammation, serotonergic pathways, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity's imbalances present in depression. The study of these mechanisms is important to lead to a new era of treatment and knowledge about this highly complex disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sivagurunathan N, Gnanasekaran P, Calivarathan L. Mitochondrial Toxicant-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease: What We Know so Far. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36726995 PMCID: PMC9885882 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s361526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neuronal cells in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. During biological aging, neuronal cells slowly undergo degeneration, but the rate of cell death increases tremendously under some pathological conditions, leading to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases. By the time symptoms of PD usually appear, more than 50 to 60% of neuronal cells have already been destroyed. PD symptoms often start with tremors, followed by slow movement, stiffness, and postural imbalance. The etiology of PD is still unknown; however, besides genetics, several factors contribute to neurodegenerative disease, including exposure to pesticides, environmental chemicals, solvents, and heavy metals. Postmortem brain tissues of patients with PD show mitochondrial abnormalities, including dysfunction of the electron transport chain. Most chemicals present in our environment have been shown to target the mitochondria; remarkably, patients with PD show a mild deficiency in NADH dehydrogenase activity, signifying a possible link between PD and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of electron transport complexes generates free radicals that further attack the macromolecules leading to neuropathological conditions. Apart from that, oxidative stress also causes neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration due to the activation of microglial cells. However, the mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the electron transport chain, in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. This review discusses the recent updates and explains the possible mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicant-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Priyadharshini Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India,Correspondence: Latchoumycandane Calivarathan, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology (Sponsored by DST-FIST), School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India, Tel +91-6381989116, Email
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen LH, Luo QQ, Hu CB, Jiang H, Yang Y, Wang GH, Ji QH, Jia ZZ. DL-3-n-butylphthalide alleviates motor disturbance by suppressing ferroptosis in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:194-199. [PMID: 35799542 PMCID: PMC9241398 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Brahadeeswaran S, Lateef M, Calivarathan L. An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:63-75. [PMID: 35125081 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220203163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting approximately 1% of the world's population at the age of 50 and above. Majority of PD cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60 and above. At that time, most of the dopaminergic neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta have been degenerated. Although in past decades, discoveries of genetic mutations linked to PD have significantly impacted our current understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disorder, it is likely that the environment also plays a critical role in the etiology of sporadic PD. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that exposure to environmental agents, including a number of agricultural and industrial chemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and several forms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and PD. Interestingly, substantia nigra of patients with PD has been shown to have a mild deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial toxicants in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons targeting the electron transport system that leads to Parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Nunar Campus, Ganderbal - 191201, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paccione N, Rahmani M, Barcia E, Negro S. Antiparkinsonian Agents in Investigational Polymeric Micro- and Nano-Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010013. [PMID: 36678642 PMCID: PMC9866990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive destruction of dopaminergic tissue in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, there is no cure for the disease, with current pharmacological treatments aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In addition to new therapeutic options, there exists the need for improved efficiency of the existing ones, as many agents have difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve therapeutic levels in the CNS or exhibit inappropriate pharmacokinetic profiles, thereby limiting their clinical benefits. To overcome these limitations, an interesting approach is the use of drug delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) that allow for the controlled release of the active ingredients targeting to the desired site of action, increasing the bioavailability and efficacy of treatments, as well as reducing the number of administrations and adverse effects. Here we review the polymeric micro- and nano-systems under investigation as potential new therapies for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Paccione
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahdieh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913941741
| | - Emilia Barcia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Negro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
In Silico Evaluation and In Vitro Determination of Neuroprotective and MAO-B Inhibitory Effects of Pyrrole-Based Hydrazones: A Therapeutic Approach to Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238485. [PMID: 36500572 PMCID: PMC9737692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a huge burden in modern medicinal practice. A serious drawback of current antiparkinsonian therapy is its symptomatic nature. This directed our investigations in the search for new more potent derivatives, affecting not only the loss of dopaminergic neurons but also the oxidative damage of neuronal cells. Thus in vitro neurotoxicity and neuroprotective analysis on a group of N-pyrrolyl hydrazide-hydrazones were performed. The neurotoxicity of the target derivatives was determined on a subcellular level in isolated rat synaptosomes, mitochondria and microsomes determining their effect on cellular vitality, GSH depletion and MDA production. The neuroprotective effects of the evaluated hydrazones were measured in three models of induced oxidative stress: 6-OHDA, t-BuOOH and Fe2+/AA-induced lipid peroxidation. Molecular docking simulations along with in vitro evaluation of MAO-B inhibitory potential of the target molecules were also performed. The results identified the ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (12) as the most promising compound with the lowest neurotoxicity and highest neuroprotection on all evaluated parameters and inhibiting the hMAOB enzyme by 50%, comparable with the activity of the reference, Selegiline. The compatibility of the in silico and in vitro evaluations is a good prerequisite for these methods to be applied in future assessment of pyrrole-based compounds as anti-Parkinson agents.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassan W, Noreen H, Rehman S, Kamal MA, Teixeira da Rocha JB. Association of Oxidative Stress with Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1046-1072. [PMID: 34781871 PMCID: PMC9886831 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211111141246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGORUND Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, neuronal membranes have polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are predominantly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). OS is the imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant potential. This may lead to various pathological conditions and diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS We used different search terms like "oxidative stress and neurological disorders" "free radicals and neurodegenerative disorders" "oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological disorders" and "association of oxidative stress with the name of disorders taken from the list of neurological disorders. We tried to summarize the source, biological effects, and physiologic functions of ROS. RESULTS Finally, it was noted that more than 190 neurological disorders are associated with oxidative stress. CONCLUSION More elaborated studies in the future will certainly help in understanding the exact mechanism involved in neurological diseases and provide insight into revelation of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; E-mail:
| | - Hamsa Noreen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shakila Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathania A, Garg P, Sandhir R. Impaired mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease: comparison of mice strains and dose regimens. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2343-2357. [PMID: 34648126 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterogenous diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) needs an efficient animal model to enhance understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to develop therapeutics. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin, has been widely used to replicate the pathophysiology of PD in rodents, however, the knowledge about its effects on energy metabolism is limited. Moreover, susceptibility to different dose regimens of MPTP also varies among mice strains. Thus, the present study compares the effect of acute and sub-acute MPTP administration on mitochondrial functions in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In addition, activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism was also studied along with behavioural alterations. The findings show that acute dose of MPTP in C57BL/6 mice had more profound effect on the activity of electron transport chain complexes. Further, the activity of MAO-B was increased following acute and sub-acute MPTP administration in C57BL/6 mice. However, no significant change was observed in BALB/c mice. Acute MPTP treatment resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential along with increased swelling of mitochondria in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, perturbations were observed in hexokinase, the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase, the enzymes that connects glycolysis and TCA cycle. The activity of TCA cycle enzymes; citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and fumarase were also altered following MPTP intoxication. Furthermore, acute MPTP administration led to drastic reduction in dopamine levels in striatum of C57BL/6 as compared to BALB/c mice. Behavioral tests such as open field, narrow beam walk and footprint analysis revealed severe impairment in locomotor activity in C57BL/6 mice. These results clearly demonstrate that C57BL/6 strain is more vulnerable to MPTP-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, perturbations in energy metabolism and motor defects as compared to BALB/c strain. Thus, the findings suggest that the dose and strain of mice need to be considered for pre-clinical studies using MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian Y, He M, Pan L, Yuan X, Xiong M, Meng L, Yao Z, Yu Z, Ye K, Zhang Z. Transgenic Mice Expressing Human α-Synuclein 1-103 Fragment as a Novel Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:760781. [PMID: 34744697 PMCID: PMC8569470 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.760781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms still wrap in the mist. This is partially caused by the absence of appropriate animal models mimicking sporadic PD that constitutes the majority of cases. Previously, we reported that a cysteine protease, asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), is activated in an age-dependent manner, and cleaves α-synuclein in the brain of sporadic PD patients. The AEP-derived α-synuclein 1-103 fragment is required for the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, we designed and characterized a novel transgenic mouse line expressing α-synuclein 1-103 (designated N103 mice). This model shows an abundant accumulation of pathological α-synuclein in the central nervous system, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and progressive striatal synaptic degeneration. The N103 mice also manifest age-dependent PD-like behavioral impairments. Notably, the mice show weight loss and constipation, which are the common non-motor symptoms in PD. The RNA-sequencing analysis found that the transcriptomics pattern was extensively altered in N103 mice. In conclusion, the N103 mouse line, as a brand-new tool, might provide new insights into PD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nardosinone Alleviates Parkinson's Disease Symptoms in Mice by Regulating Dopamine D2 Receptor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6686965. [PMID: 34426745 PMCID: PMC8380167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6686965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma (nardostachys) is the root and rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Recent studies have shown that nardostachys may exert an anti-PD effect. In this study, the UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS method was used to analyze the brain components of nardostachys in rats. Based on the results of UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS analysis, nardosinone was identified to be the most effective anti-PD compound in nardostachys. To further verify this inference, a mouse PD model was established and the effect of nardosinone on PD mice was determined using classic behavioral tests. The results showed that nardosinone was indeed effective for relieving PD symptoms in mice. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-PD effect of nardosinone. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) was identified as the key target of nardosinone-PD interaction network, which was further verified by molecular docking and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that nardosinone and DRD2 could interact with each other. Furthermore, the expression level of DRD2 was decreased in the brain tissue of PD mice, and nardosinone could restore its expression to a certain extent. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nardosinone may reduce the motor and cognitive symptoms in the animal PD model by regulating DRD2 expression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pramod Kumar P, Harish Prashanth KV. Diet with Low Molecular Weight Chitosan exerts neuromodulation in Rotenone induced Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111860. [PMID: 33212211 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT) is well known pesticide been used in agriculture due to its low cost and rapid action. This has also been widely used to establish Parkinson's disease (PD) models in rodents. Here we have evaluated the role of well established potent molecule 'Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC)' against ROT induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Male adult flies (8-10 days) were induced for neurotoxicity using ROT (500 μM) and treated with LMWC (5 & 10 mg/mL basal media) during 7 days experiment. Subsequently, neurodegenerative and behavioural parameters were assessed. As a result, flies exposed to ROT alone showed decreased locomotor behaviour in negative geotaxis and open-field studies and had a higher incidence of mortality compared to control group. These effects were accompanied by decrease in dopamine level, ETC complexes and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cholinergic activities in head and body of the flies, suggesting ROT was able to induce oxidative stress. Co-exposure of LMWC reversed the ROT induced locomotor impairment, exploratory deficits and changes the biochemical parameters to normal level and increased the survival rate to 16 days. Thus, we suggested LMWC may be considered as better supplement in the prevention and management of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pramod Kumar
- Functional Biopolymer Lab, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka State, India
| | - K V Harish Prashanth
- Functional Biopolymer Lab, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Predoi G, Serban AI. Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112891. [PMID: 33032084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. Reactive oxygen species in limited amounts are necessary for cell homeostasis and redox signaling. Excessive reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species production, which counteracts the organism's defense systems, is known as oxidative stress. Sustained attack of endogenous and exogenous ROS results in conformational and oxidative alterations in key biomolecules. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with oxidative modifications occurring in key biomolecules: lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) adduct formation, nitration, sulfoxidation, DNA impairment such strand breaks or nucleobase oxidation. Oxidative stress is tightly linked to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, eye disease. The deleterious action of reactive oxygenated species and their role in the onset and progression of pathologies are discussed. The results of oxidative attack become themselves sources of oxidative stress, becoming part of a vicious cycle that amplifies oxidative impairment. The term antioxidant refers to a compound that is able to impede or retard oxidation, acting at a lower concentration compared to that of the protected substrate. Antioxidant intervention against the radicalic lipid peroxidation can involve different mechanisms. Chain breaking antioxidants are called primary antioxidants, acting by scavenging radical species, converting them into more stable radicals or non-radical species. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Moreover, four reactivity-based lines of defense have been identified: preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and those relying on adaptation mechanisms. The specific mechanism of a series of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in particular aspects of oxidative stress, is detailed. The final section resumes critical conclusions regarding antioxidant supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Carotenoids in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153453. [PMID: 32751250 PMCID: PMC7436041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, programmed cell death type I, is a critical part of neurodegeneration in cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. Apoptosis begins with activation of pro-death proteins Bax and Bak, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases, loss of membrane integrity of intracellular organelles, and ultimately cell death. Approaches that block apoptotic pathways may prevent or delay neurodegenerative processes. Carotenoids are a group of pigments found in fruits, vegetables, and seaweeds that possess antioxidant properties. Over the last several decades, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated a protective role of carotenoids in neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we describe functions of commonly consumed carotenoids including lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin and their roles in neurodegenerative disease models. We also discuss the underlying cellular mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated neuroprotection, including their antioxidant properties, role as signaling molecules, and as gene regulators that alleviate apoptosis-associated brain cell death.
Collapse
|
19
|
Park HA, Ellis AC. Dietary Antioxidants and Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070570. [PMID: 32630250 PMCID: PMC7402163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, the movement center of the brain. Approximately 60,000 people are diagnosed with PD in the United States each year. Although the direct cause of PD can vary, accumulation of oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage due to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or impaired intracellular antioxidant defenses invariably occurs at the cellular levels. Pharmaceuticals such as dopaminergic prodrugs and agonists can alleviate some of the symptoms of PD. Currently, however, there is no treatment to halt the progression of PD pathology. Due to the nature of PD, a long and progressive neurodegenerative process, strategies to prevent or delay PD pathology may be well suited to lifestyle changes like dietary modification with antioxidant-rich foods to improve intracellular redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss cellular and genetic factors that increase oxidative stress in PD. We also discuss neuroprotective roles of dietary antioxidants including vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, and polyphenols along with their potential mechanisms to alleviate PD pathology.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahman MM, Chakraborti RR, Potol MA, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Alam M, Khan MFR, Afrin R, Jannat H, Wadud R, Habib ZF. Epalrestat improves motor symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reserpine induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:9-21. [PMID: 32318655 PMCID: PMC7167235 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large number of elderly people worldwide. The current therapies for PD are symptom-based; they do not provide a cure but improve the quality of life. Muscular dysfunction is the hallmark clinical feature of PD and oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in its pathogenesis. Epalrestat is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and is known to improve antioxidative defense mechanisms in the CNS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Epalrestat in the reserpine induced mouse model of PD. METHOD We used Swiss Albino mice for the PD model and tested for akinesia/bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, palpebral ptosis, and tremor, as well as conducting swim and open field tests. Brain samples were used to determine oxidative stress parameters and infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS Epalrestat treatment significantly improved akinesia and bradykinesia, muscular dysfunctions, tremor level, and gait functions compared to the reserpine group. It also improved the latency in the swim test. Eplarestat significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and NO concentration in different brain tissues and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, Epalrestat reduced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of infiltrating immune cells. CONCLUSION Eplarestat improves muscular dysfunction in PD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rupali Rani Chakraborti
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Potol
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Fazlur Rahman Khan
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rownock Afrin
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Humayra Jannat
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Rasiqh Wadud
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Zaki Farhad Habib
- Laboratory of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Health & Life SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trist BG, Hare DJ, Double KL. Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13031. [PMID: 31432604 PMCID: PMC6826160 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease prevalence is rapidly increasing in an aging global population. With this increase comes exponentially rising social and economic costs, emphasizing the immediate need for effective disease‐modifying treatments. Motor dysfunction results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. While a specific biochemical mechanism remains elusive, oxidative stress plays an undeniable role in a complex and progressive neurodegenerative cascade. This review will explore the molecular factors that contribute to the high steady‐state of oxidative stress in the healthy substantia nigra during aging, and how this chemical environment renders neurons susceptible to oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. Contributing factors to oxidative stress during aging and as a pathogenic mechanism for Parkinson's disease will be discussed within the context of how and why therapeutic approaches targeting cellular redox activity in this disorder have, to date, yielded little therapeutic benefit. We present a contemporary perspective on the central biochemical contribution of redox imbalance to Parkinson's disease etiology and argue that improving our ability to accurately measure oxidative stress, dopaminergic neurotransmission and cell death pathways in vivo is crucial for both the development of new therapies and the identification of novel disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
- Elemental Bio‐imaging Facility University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu F, Le ZS, Chen LH, Qian H, Yu B, Chen WH. Identification of Biomolecular Information in Rotenone-Induced Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease by Public Microarray Data Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:888-903. [PMID: 31593492 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the expression changes of genes and the pathological processes-related genetic information in Parkinson's disease (PD) model induced by rotenone. The microarray data set "GSE37178" was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) at different concentration and time points were examined and clustered using Mfuzz. Functional enrichment was analyzed with The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to perform the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and functional module analysis of PPI was constructed with Cytoscape. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) and microRNA (miRNA) target were screened with TRRUST and WebGestalt GAST, respectively. In total, 680 DEGs were examined in the group with rotenone treatment. Clustering analysis revealed that 115 genes presented a consistent rising trend, and 138 genes presented a falling trend. Functional enrichment analysis uncovered that the upregulated genes associated with "type I interferon signaling pathway," and the downregulated genes were related to "proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process." The PPI network included 156 nodes and 298 interactions, and ISG15, RRM2, FBXW11, and FOXM1 were the hub genes. Meanwhile, 38 TF-target and 269 miRNA-target interactions were obtained; the mRNAs of the MIR-181 family have more target genes, such as TRIM13. Our study showed that aberrant expression of ISG15, RRM2, FBXW11, FOXM1, and MIR-181 family were associated with pathological processes in PD, and they could be the research focuses to further investigate the mechanism of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Sen Le
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fifth Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang H, Zhuang R, Li Y, Li T, Yuan X, Lei B, Xie Y, Wang M. Cold-inducible protein RBM3 mediates hypothermic neuroprotection against neurotoxin rotenone via inhibition on MAPK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7010-7020. [PMID: 31436914 PMCID: PMC6787511 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypothermia and its key product, cold-inducible protein RBM3, possess robust neuroprotective effects against various neurotoxins. However, we previously showed that mild hypothermia fails to attenuate the neurotoxicity from MPP+ , one of typical neurotoxins related to the increasing risk of Parkinson disease (PD). To better understand the role of mild hypothermia and RBM3 in PD progression, another known PD-related neurotoxin, rotenone (ROT) was utilized in this study. Using immunoblotting, cell viability assays and TUNEL staining, we revealed that mild hypothermia (32°C) significantly reduced the apoptosis induced by ROT in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, when compared to normothermia (37°C). Meanwhile, the overexpression of RBM3 in SH-SY5Y cells mimicked the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia on ROT-induced cytotoxicity. Upon ROT stimulation, MAPK signalling like p38, JNK and ERK, and AMPK and GSK-3β signalling were activated. When RBM3 was overexpressed, only the activation of p38, JNK and ERK signalling was inhibited, leaving AMPK and GSK-3β signalling unaffected. Similarly, mild hypothermia also inhibited the activation of MAPKs induced by ROT. Lastly, it was demonstrated that the MAPK (especially p38 and ERK) inhibition by their individual inhibitors significantly decreased the neurotoxicity of ROT in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that RBM3 mediates mild hypothermia-related neuroprotection against ROT by inhibiting the MAPK signalling of p38, JNK and ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jie Yang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
- Henan Key Lab of Biological PsychiatrySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Rui‐Juan Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuan‐Bo Li
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Tian Li
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Bing‐Bing Lei
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Yun‐Fei Xie
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Mian Wang
- School of Life Science and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen ZZ, Niu YY. Stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease using non-human primate models. Zool Res 2019; 40:349-357. [PMID: 31343853 PMCID: PMC6755115 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy (SCT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has received considerable attention in recent years. Non-human primate (NHP) models of PD have played an instrumental role in the safety and efficacy of emerging PD therapies and facilitated the translation of initiatives for human patients. NHP models of PD include primates with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism, who are responsive to dopamine replacement therapies, similar to human PD patients. Extensive research in SCT has been conducted to better treat the progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration that underlies PD. For effective application of SCT in PD, however, a number of basic parameters still need to be tested and optimized in NHP models, including preparation and storage of cells for engraftment, methods of transplantation, choice of target sites, and timelines for recovery. In this review, we discuss the current status of NHP models of PD in stem cell research. We also analyze the advances and remaining challenges for successful clinical translation of SCT for this persistent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500
| | - Yu-Yu Niu
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia W, Li Y, Wu M, Yin J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang A. Inhibition of mitochondrial activity ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice via suppressing vascular smooth cell activation and macrophage foam cell formation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17767-17778. [PMID: 31131474 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xia
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peng K, Xiao J, Yang L, Ye F, Cao J, Sai Y. Mutual Antagonism of PINK1/Parkin and PGC-1α Contributes to Maintenance of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:331-343. [PMID: 30242625 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, selective, and age-related neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenic focus of PD is mitochondrial dysfunction. When mitochondrial homeostasis was damaged, it can lead to reactive oxygen species formation to further accelerate the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in a vicious cycle harmful to the neuron. PINK1 and Parkin, two proteins that are linked to PD, play vital roles in mitophagy, which was very important in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, at present, we explored mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and fission/fusion in rotenone-induced dopamine neurotoxicity. In particular, we focused on interactions between the PINK1/Parkin pathway and PGC-1α in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis impairment. The results indicated that both the autophagy and mitophagy levels increased significantly and were accompanied by altered levels of PINK1/Parkin proteins in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. PINK1 influenced mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting PGC-1α and mtTFA protein expression as well as the mtDNA copy number. PGC-1α, in turn, inhibited PINK1/Parkin protein expression and the mitophagy levels. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that PINK1 influenced mitochondrial fission/fusion by regulating MFN2 and phosphorylating Drp1. In summary, mutual antagonism of the PINK1/Parkin pathway and PGC-1α formed a balance that regulated mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion, and mitophagy. These effects contributed to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Peng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Xiao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Likui Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sai
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohite GM, Navalkar A, Kumar R, Mehra S, Das S, Gadhe LG, Ghosh D, Alias B, Chandrawanshi V, Ramakrishnan A, Mehra S, Maji SK. The Familial α-Synuclein A53E Mutation Enhances Cell Death in Response to Environmental Toxins Due to a Larger Population of Oligomers. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5014-5028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M. Mohite
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Laxmikant G. Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Basil Alias
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Vikas Chandrawanshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Aishwarya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Raninga PV, Di Trapani G, Tonissen KF. The Multifaceted Roles of DJ-1 as an Antioxidant. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1037:67-87. [PMID: 29147904 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The DJ-1 protein was originally linked with Parkinson's disease and is now known to have antioxidant functions. The protein has three redox-sensitive cysteine residues, which are involved in its dimerisation and functional properties. A mildly oxidised form of DJ-1 is the most active form and protects cells from oxidative stress conditions. DJ-1 functions as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including a weak direct antioxidant activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species. DJ-1 also regulates a number of signalling pathways, including the inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-induced apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions. Other proteins regulated by DJ-1 include enzymes, chaperones, the 20S proteasome and transcription factors, including Nrf2. Once activated by oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulates antioxidant gene expression including members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways, which in turn mediate an antioxidant protective function. Crosstalk between DJ-1 and both the thioredoxin and glutathione systems has also been identified. Thioredoxin reduces a cysteine residue on DJ-1 to modulate its activity, while glutaredoxin1 de-glutathionylates DJ-1, preventing degradation of DJ-1 and resulting in its accumulation. DJ-1 also regulates the activity of glutamate cysteine ligase, which is the rate-limiting step for glutathione synthesis. These antioxidant functions of DJ-1 are key to its role in protecting neurons from oxidative stress and are hypothesised to protect the brain from the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and to protect cardiac tissues from ischaemic-reperfusion injury. However, DJ-1, as an antioxidant, also protects cancer cells from undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad V Raninga
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Giovanna Di Trapani
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Kathryn F Tonissen
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pamies D, Block K, Lau P, Gribaldo L, Pardo CA, Barreras P, Smirnova L, Wiersma D, Zhao L, Harris G, Hartung T, Hogberg HT. Rotenone exerts developmental neurotoxicity in a human brain spheroid model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:101-114. [PMID: 29428530 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing concern suggests that some chemicals exert (developmental) neurotoxicity (DNT and NT) and are linked to the increase in incidence of autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. The high cost of routine tests for DNT and NT assessment make it difficult to test the high numbers of existing chemicals. Thus, more cost effective neurodevelopmental models are needed. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in combination with the emerging human 3D tissue culture platforms, present a novel tool to predict and study human toxicity. By combining these technologies, we generated multicellular brain spheroids (BrainSpheres) from human iPSC. The model has previously shown to be reproducible and recapitulates several neurodevelopmental features. Our results indicate, rotenone's toxic potency varies depending on the differentiation status of the cells, showing higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher mitochondrial dysfunction during early than later differentiation stages. Immuno-fluorescence morphology analysis after rotenone exposure indicated dopaminergic-neuron selective toxicity at non-cytotoxic concentrations (1 μM), while astrocytes and other neuronal cell types were affected at (general) cytotoxic concentrations (25 μM). Omics analysis showed changes in key pathways necessary for brain development, indicating rotenone as a developmental neurotoxicant and show a possible link between previously shown effects on neurite outgrowth and presently observed effects on Ca2+ reabsorption, synaptogenesis and PPAR pathway disruption. In conclusion, our BrainSpheres model has shown to be a reproducible and novel tool to study neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity. Results presented here support the idea that rotenone can potentially be a developmental neurotoxicant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katharina Block
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pierre Lau
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Reference Laboratory - European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (EURL ECVAM), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, Ispra, VA 21027, Italy
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, European Reference Laboratory - European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (EURL ECVAM), Via Enrico Fermi 2749, Ispra, VA 21027, Italy
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Paula Barreras
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daphne Wiersma
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, 650 Orleans Street, CRB1, Rm 464, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Konstanz, CAAT-Europe, Universitätsstr. 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternative to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guo JD, Zhao X, Li Y, Li GR, Liu XL. Damage to dopaminergic neurons by oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1817-1825. [PMID: 29393357 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a central event contributing to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is implicated as a causative factor in PD, the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress with dopaminergic neuron death are complex and not well characterized. The primary insults cause the greatest production of ROS, which contributes to oxidative damage by attacking all macromolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, leading to defects in their physiological function. Consequently, the defects in these macromolecules result in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which subsequently enhance the production of ROS and ultimately neuronal damage. The interaction between these various mechanisms forms a positive feedback loop that drives the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD, and oxidative stress‑mediated neuron damage appears to serve a central role in the neurodegenerative process. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to the loss of dopaminergic neurons may provide a promising therapeutic approach in PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu XL, Wang YD, Yu XM, Li DW, Li GR. Mitochondria-mediated damage to dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:615-623. [PMID: 29207041 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in virtually all eukaryotic cells, and are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Besides the generation of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, mitochondria are also involved in calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species production and the activation of the intrinsic cell death pathway, thus determining cell survival and death. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and considered as a primary cause and central event responsible for the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, reversion or attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction should alleviate the severity or progression of the disease. The present review systematically summarizes the possible mechanisms associated with mitochondria‑mediated dopaminergic neuron damage in PD, in an attempt to elucidate the requirement for further studies for the development of effective PD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 132021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yu
- Department of Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Velasques J, Cardoso MH, Abrantes G, Frihling BE, Franco OL, Migliolo L. The rescue of botanical insecticides: A bioinspiration for new niches and needs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:14-25. [PMID: 29183583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop protection is the basis of plant production and food security. Additionally, there are many efforts focused on increasing defensive mechanisms in order to avoid the damaging effects of insects, which still represent significant losses worldwide. Plants have naturally evolved different mechanisms to discourage herbivory, including chemical barriers such as the induction of defensive proteins and secondary metabolites, some of which have a historical link with bio-farming practices and others that are yet to be used. In the context of global concern regarding health and environmental impacts, which has been translated into political action and restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, this review deals with a description of some historical commercial phytochemicals and promising proteinaceous compounds that plants may modulate to defeat insect attacks. We present a broader outlook on molecular structure and mechanisms of action while we discuss possible tools to achieve effective methods for the biological control of pests, either by the formulation of products or by the development of new plant varieties with enhanced chemical defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannaina Velasques
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Abrantes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Breno Emanuel Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Arshad AR, Sulaiman SA, Saperi AA, Jamal R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Abdul Murad NA. MicroRNAs and Target Genes As Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Early Onset of Parkinson Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:352. [PMID: 29163029 PMCID: PMC5671573 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most common disorder with a higher prevalence in individuals aged over 60 years old. Younger individuals may also be affected with PD which is known as early onset PD (EOPD). Despite similarities between the characteristics of EOPD and late onset PD (LODP), EOPD patients experience much longer disease manifestations and poorer quality of life. Although some individuals are more prone to have EOPD due to certain genetic alterations, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate between EOPD and LOPD remains unclear. Recent findings in PD patients revealed that there were differences in the genetic profiles of PD patients compared to healthy controls, as well as between EOPD and LOPD patients. There were variants identified that correlated with the decline of cognitive and motor symptoms as well as non-motor symptoms in PD. There were also specific microRNAs that correlated with PD progression, and since microRNAs have been shown to be involved in the maintenance of neuronal development, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, there is a strong possibility that these microRNAs can be potentially used to differentiate between subsets of PD patients. PD is mainly diagnosed at the late stage, when almost majority of the dopaminergic neurons are lost. Therefore, identification of molecular biomarkers for early detection of PD is important. Given that miRNAs are crucial in controlling the gene expression, these regulatory microRNAs and their target genes could be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD. In this article, we discussed the genes involved and their regulatory miRNAs, regarding their roles in PD progression, based on the findings of significantly altered microRNAs in EOPD studies. We also discussed the potential of these miRNAs as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R. Arshad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Siti A. Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Amalia A. Saperi
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Darbinyan L, Hambardzumyan L, Simonyan K, Chavushyan V, Manukyan L, Sarkisian V. Rotenone impairs hippocampal neuronal activity in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
36
|
Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4866-4878. [PMID: 27514753 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are the current hypothesized mechanisms for PD pathogenesis. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the major bioactive component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (ChuanXiong), Family Apiaceae, reportedly has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the role of 'TMP' in preventing rotenone-induced neurobiological and behavioral sequelae. A preliminary dose-response study was conducted where rats received TMP (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Catalepsy, locomotor activity, striatal dopamine content, and tyrosine hydroxylase "TH" and α-synuclein immunoreactivity were evaluated. The selected TMP dose (20 mg/kg) was used for western blot analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and DJ-1, immunohistochemical detection of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, in addition to biochemical analysis of caspase-3 activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Results showed that TMP (20 mg/kg) significantly improved midbrain and striatal TH expression and striatal dopamine content as well as the motor deficits, compared to rotenone-treated group. These results were correlated with reduction in caspase-3 activity and α-synuclein expression, along with improvement of midbrain and striatal Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to rotenone-treated group. TMP also attenuated rotenone-induced upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, TMP downregulated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation markers: NF-кB, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP expression in both the midbrain and striatum. Taken together, the current study suggests that TMP is entitled to, at least partially, preventing PD neurobiological and behavioral deficits by virtue of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
As a key regulator of cell metabolism and survival, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) emerges as a novel therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD). A growing body of research indicates that restoring perturbed mTOR signaling in PD models can prevent neuronal cell death. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms underlying mTOR-mediated effects in PD have not been fully understood yet. Here, we review recent progress in characterizing the association of mTOR signaling with PD risk factors and further discuss the potential roles of mTOR in PD.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang JY, Yuan YH, Yan JQ, Wang YN, Chu SF, Zhu CG, Guo QL, Shi JG, Chen NH. 20C, a bibenzyl compound isolated from Gastrodia elata, protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via activation of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:731-40. [PMID: 27180985 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our preliminary study shows that a bibenzyl compound isolated from Gastrodia elata, 2-[4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)benzyl]-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol (designated 20C), protects PC12 cells against H2O2-induced injury. In this study we investigated whether 20C exerted neuroprotective action in a cell model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS A cell model of Parkinson's disease was established in PC12 cells by exposure to rotenone (4 μmol/L) for 48 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed, and intracellular ROS level and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and oxidative stress-related proteins Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were examined using Western blotting. The mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO1 were determined with RT-PCR. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was observed with immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Treatment with rotenone significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells, accompanied by marked increases in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Rotenone also increased ROS accumulation, reduced MMP, and increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the Nrf2 downstream target genes HO-1 and NQO1 in PC12 cells. Co-treatment with 20C (0.01-1 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated rotenone-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Nrf2 knockdown by siRNA partially reversed the protective effects of 20C in rotenone-treated PC12 cells. CONCLUSION The bibenzyl compound 20C protects PC12 cells from rotenone-induced apoptosis, at least in part, via activation of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
39
|
Liou CW, Chuang JH, Chen JB, Tiao MM, Wang PW, Huang ST, Huang TL, Lee WC, Weng SW, Huang PH, Chen SD, Chen RS, Lu CS, Lin TK. Mitochondrial DNA variants as genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1289-300. [PMID: 27160373 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Investigation of the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and Parkinson disease (PD) remains an issue awaiting more supportive evidence. Moreover, an affirming cellular model study is also lacking. METHODS The index mtDNA variants and their defining mitochondrial haplogroup were determined in 725 PD patients and 744 non-PD controls. Full-length mtDNA sequences were also conducted in 110 cases harboring various haplogroups. Cybrid cellular models, composed by fusion of mitochondria-depleted rho-zero cells and donor mitochondria, were used for a rotenone-induced PD simulation study. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects harboring the mitochondrial haplogroup B5 have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.78; P = 0.002). Furthermore, a composite mtDNA variant group consisting of A10398G and G8584A at the coding region was found to have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.78; P = 0.001). In cellular studies, B4 and B5 cybrids were selected according to their higher resistance to rotenone, in comparison with cybrids harboring other haplogroups. The B5 cybrid, containing G8584A/A10398G variants, showed more resistance to rotenone than the B4 cybrid not harboring these variants. This is supported by findings of low reactive oxygen species generation and a low apoptosis rate in the B5 cybrid, whereas a higher expression of autophagy was observed in the B4 cybrid particularly under medium dosage and longer treatment time with rotenone. CONCLUSIONS Our studies, offering positive results from clinical investigations and cybrid experiments, provide data supporting the role of variant mtDNA in the risk of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - J H Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J B Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M M Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P W Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S T Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T L Huang
- Department of Psychiatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W C Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S W Weng
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P H Huang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S D Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R S Chen
- Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C S Lu
- Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T K Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jin Z, Wu J, Yan LJ. Chemical Conditioning as an Approach to Ischemic Stroke Tolerance: Mitochondria as the Target. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:351. [PMID: 27005615 PMCID: PMC4813212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the brain can be prepared to resist or tolerate ischemic stroke injury, and mitochondrion is a major target for this tolerance. The preparation of ischemic stroke tolerance can be achieved by three major approaches: ischemic conditioning, hypoxic conditioning and chemical conditioning. In each conditioning approach, there are often two strategies that can be used to achieve the conditioning effects, namely preconditioning (Pre-C) and postconditioning (Post-C). In this review, we focus on chemical conditioning of mitochondrial proteins as targets for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke injury. Mitochondrial targets covered include complexes I, II, IV, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP), adenine dinucleotide translocase (ANT) and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). While numerous mitochondrial proteins have not been evaluated in the context of chemical conditioning and ischemic stroke tolerance, the paradigms and approaches reviewed in this article should provide general guidelines on testing those mitochondrial components that have not been investigated. A deep understanding of mitochondria as the target of chemical conditioning for ischemic stroke tolerance should provide valuable insights into strategies for fighting ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang P, Shao XY, Qi GJ, Chen Q, Bu LL, Chen LJ, Shi J, Ming J, Tian B. Cdk5-Dependent Activation of Neuronal Inflammasomes in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31:366-76. [PMID: 26853432 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasomes, which mediate the activation of caspase-1 and maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, have been unambiguously verified to participate in many diseases, such as lung diseases, infectious diseases and Alzheimer's disease, but the relation between Parkinson's disease and inflammasomes is poorly understood. METHODS The expression, maturation, and secretion of inflammasomes in neurons were measured. The activation of inflammasomes in the substantia nigra of the brain was tested in acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and an α-synuclein transgenic mouse model. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and control subjects were measured. The role of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in neuronal inflammasome activation was evaluated using the pharmacological Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine or Cdk5-targeted deletion. RESULTS Here, we observed the expression of core molecules of inflammasomes, including NALP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, in neuronal cells. The PD inducer rotenone could activate neuronal inflammasomes and promote the maturation and secretion of the cleaved IL-1β and IL-18 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also detected the activation of inflammasomes in the substantia nigra of a PD mouse model and in cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients. Furthermore, Cdk5 is required for the activation of inflammasomes, and both inhibition and deletion of Cdk5 could efficiently block inflammasome activation in PD models. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicated that Cdk5-dependent activation of neuronal inflammasomes was involved in the progression of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Jian Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Bu
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ming
- Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fifel K, Piggins H, Deboer T. Modeling sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease: How close are we to valid translational animal models? Sleep Med Rev 2016; 25:95-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
43
|
Li DW, Li GR, Zhang BL, Feng JJ, Zhao H. Damage to dopaminergic neurons is mediated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen through the p53 pathway under conditions of oxidative stress in a cell model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:429-35. [PMID: 26677001 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is widely considered as a central event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms underlying the oxidative damage-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD are not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative DNA damage plays a crucial role in programmed neuronal cell death, and is considered to be at least partly responsible for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. This process involves a number of signaling cascades and molecular proteins. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a pleiotropic protein affecting a wide range of vital cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, DNA repair and cell cycle control, by interacting with a number of enzymes and regulatory proteins. In the present study, the exposure of PC12 cells to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) led to the loss of cell viability and decreased the expression levels of PCNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that this protein may be involved in the neurotoxic actions of MPP+ in dopaminergic neuronal cells. In addition, a significant upregulation in p53 expression was also observed in this cellular model of PD. p53 is an upstream inducer of PCNA and it has been recognized as a key contributor responsible for dopaminergic neuronal cell death in mouse models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD. This indicates that MPP+-induced oxidative damage is mediated by the downregulation of PCNA through the p53 pathway in a cellular model of PD. Thus, our results may provide some novel insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of PD and provide new possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Lin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Feng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Resveratrol Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fission/Fusion to Attenuate Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6705621. [PMID: 26770656 PMCID: PMC4684867 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6705621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been confirmed that mitochondrial impairment may underlie both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis are key processes in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Therefore, we explored whether the protective effect of resveratrol in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity was associated with mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis. The results showed that resveratrol could not only promote mitochondrial mass and DNA copy number but also improve mitochondrial homeostasis and neuron function in rats and PC12 cells damaged by rotenone. We also observed effects with alterations in proteins known to regulate mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis in rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, our findings suggest that resveratrol may prevent rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hou L, Xiong N, Liu L, Huang J, Han C, Zhang G, Li J, Xu X, Lin Z, Wang T. Lithium protects dopaminergic cells from rotenone toxicity via autophagy enhancement. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:82. [PMID: 26608648 PMCID: PMC4658766 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated that enhancement of autophagy lysosome pathway may be beneficial for Parkinson’s disease (PD), in which aberrant accumulation of aggregated/misfolded proteins and mitochondrial dysfunction are considered as crucial pathogenesis. Recently, a number of studies have suggested the neuroprotective effects of lithium in models of several neurodegenerative diseases including PD. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain unclear. In our study, rotenone-exposed SH-SY5Y cells were used as an in vitro parkinsonian model to assess the autophagy-enhancing effect of lithium and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. Results Similar to the common used autophagy enhancer rapamycin (Rap, 0.2 μM), lithium (LiCl, 10 mM) significantly recovered the shrinkage of SH-SY5Y cells, and alleviated rotenone-induced cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Furthermore, the protective effects induced by LiCl were partially blocked by the co-treatment of autophagy inhibitors such as 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 10 mM) or chloroquine (CHL, 10 μM). Moreover, 3-MA or Chl suppressed LiCl-induced autophagy in the immunoblot assay. In addition, the co-localization of LC3 and mitochondria and the preservation of mitochondrial function within LiCl-treated cells were observed, confirming that the damaged mitochondria were cleared through autophagy (mitophagy). Conclusions These findings suggested that lithium exerted neuroprotection against rotenone-induced injuries partially through the autophagy pathway. Pharmacologically induction of autophagy by lithium may represent a novel therapeutic strategy as a disease-modifier in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hou
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Autophagy-related protein expression in the substantia nigra and eldepryl intervention in rat models of Parkinson׳s disease. Brain Res 2015; 1625:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
47
|
Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Jeong JE, Baek JY, Jeong J, Kim S, Kim YM, Kim Y, Nam JH, Huh SH, Seo J, Jin BK, Lee KJ. N-terminal truncated UCH-L1 prevents Parkinson's disease associated damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99654. [PMID: 24959670 PMCID: PMC4069018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) has been proposed as one of the Parkinson's disease (PD) related genes, but the possible molecular connection between UCH-L1 and PD is not well understood. In this study, we discovered an N-terminal 11 amino acid truncated variant UCH-L1 that we called NT-UCH-L1, in mouse brain tissue as well as in NCI-H157 lung cancer and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. In vivo experiments and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS) studies showed that NT-UCH-L1 is readily aggregated and degraded, and has more flexible structure than UCH-L1. Post-translational modifications including monoubiquitination and disulfide crosslinking regulate the stability and cellular localization of NT-UCH-L1, as confirmed by mutational and proteomic studies. Stable expression of NT-UCH-L1 decreases cellular ROS levels and protects cells from H2O2, rotenone and CCCP-induced cell death. NT-UCH-L1-expressing transgenic mice are less susceptible to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons seen in the MPTP mouse model of PD, in comparison to control animals. These results suggest that NT-UCH-L1 may have the potential to prevent neural damage in diseases like PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Jeong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeob Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Jeong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Mee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youhwa Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Hee Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jawon Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (KJL); (BKJ)
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (KJL); (BKJ)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The neuroprotective effect of human uncoupling protein 2 (hUCP2) requires cAMP-dependent protein kinase in a toxin model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 69:180-91. [PMID: 24965893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), caused by selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, is the most common movement disorder with no cure or effective treatment. Exposure to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone recapitulates pathological hallmarks of PD in rodents and selective loss of DA neurons in Drosophila. However, mechanisms underlying rotenone toxicity are not completely resolved. We previously reported a neuroprotective effect of human uncoupling protein 2 (hUCP2) against rotenone toxicity in adult fly DA neurons. In the current study, we show that increased mitochondrial fusion is protective from rotenone toxicity whereas increased fission sensitizes the neurons to rotenone-induced cell loss in vivo. In primary DA neurons, rotenone-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and lethality is attenuated as the result of hucp2 expression. To test the idea that the neuroprotective mechanism of hUCP2 involves modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, we detect preserved mitochondrial network, mobility and fusion events in hucp2 expressing DA neurons exposed to rotenone. hucp2 expression also increases intracellular cAMP levels. Thus, we hypothesize that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) might be an effector that mediates hUCP2-associated neuroprotection against rotenone. Indeed, PKA inhibitors block preserved mitochondrial integrity, movement and cell survival in hucp2 expressing DA neurons exposed to rotenone. Taken together, we present strong evidence identifying a hUCP2-PKA axis that controls mitochondrial dynamics and survival in DA neurons exposed to rotenone implicating a novel therapeutic strategy in modifying the progression of PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Daviaud N, Garbayo E, Schiller PC, Perez-Pinzon M, Montero-Menei CN. Organotypic cultures as tools for optimizing central nervous system cell therapies. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:429-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
50
|
Neuroprotective Effect of CNB-001, a Novel Pyrazole Derivative of Curcumin on Biochemical and Apoptotic Markers Against Rotenone-Induced SK-N-SH Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:863-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|