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Nobili S, Micheli L, Lucarini E, Toti A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine associated with analgesics: Effects against persistent pain. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108649. [PMID: 38615798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Current epidemiological data estimate that one in five people suffers from chronic pain with considerable impairment of health-related quality of life. The pharmacological treatment is based on first- and second-line analgesic drugs, including COX-2 selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs and opioids, that are characterized by important side effects. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is a body's own fatty-acid ethanolamide belonging to the family of autacoid local injury antagonist amides. The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of PEA have been recognized for decades and prompted to depict its role in the endogenous mechanisms of pain control. Together with its relative abundance in food sources, this opened the way to the use of PEA as a pain-relieving nutritional intervention. Naïve PEA is a large particle size lipid molecule with low solubility and bioavailability. Reducing particle size is a useful method to increase surface area, thereby improving dissolution rate and bioavailability accordingly. Micron-size formulations of PEA (e.g., ultramicronized and co-(ultra)micronized) have shown higher oral efficacy compared to naïve PEA. In particular, ultramicronized PEA has been shown to efficiently cross the intestinal wall and, more importantly, the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ultramicronized PEA. This narrative review summarizes the available pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data on ultramicronized PEA and focuses to its contribution to pain control, in particular as 'add-on' nutritional intervention. Data showing the ability of ultramicronized PEA to limit opioid side effects, including the development of tolerance, have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Li Y, Yang B, Wang Y, Huang Z, Wang J, Pu X, Wen J, Ao Q, Xiao K, Wu J, Yin G. Postoperatively Noninvasive Optogenetic Stimulation via Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhancing Sciatic Nerve Repair. Nano Lett 2024; 24:5403-5412. [PMID: 38669639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of electrical stimulation facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration is evidenced extensively, while the associated secondary damage resulting from repeated electrode invasion and indiscriminate stimulation is inevitable. Here, we present an optogenetics strategy that utilizes upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to convert deeply penetrating near-infrared excitation into blue emission, which activates an adeno-associated virus-encoding ChR2 photoresponsive ion channel on cell membranes. The induced Ca2+ flux, similar to the ion flux in the electrical stimulation approach, efficiently regulates viability and proliferation, secretion of nerve growth factor, and neural function of RSC96 cells. Furthermore, deep near-infrared excitation is harnessed to stimulate autologous Schwann cells in situ via a UCNP-composited scaffold, which enhances nerve sprouting and myelination, consequently promoting functional recovery, electrophysiological restoration, and reinnervation of damaged nerves. This developed postoperatively noninvasive optogenetics strategy presents a novel, minimally traumatic, and enduring therapeutic stimulus to effectively promote peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jirui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Precision Medicine Research Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Theoharides TC, Twahir A, Kempuraj D. Mast cells in the autonomic nervous system and potential role in disorders with dysautonomia and neuroinflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:440-454. [PMID: 37951572 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are ubiquitous in the body, and they are critical for not only in allergic diseases but also in immunity and inflammation, including having potential involvement in the pathophysiology of dysautonomias and neuroinflammatory disorders. MC are located perivascularly close to nerve endings and sites such as the carotid bodies, heart, hypothalamus, the pineal gland, and the adrenal gland that would allow them not only to regulate but also to be affected by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). MC are stimulated not only by allergens but also many other triggers including some from the ANS that can affect MC release of neurosensitizing, proinflammatory, and vasoactive mediators. Hence, MC may be able to regulate homeostatic functions that seem to be dysfunctional in many conditions, such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and Long-COVID syndrome. The evidence indicates that there is a possible association between these conditions and diseases associated with MC activation. There is no effective treatment for any form of these conditions other than minimizing symptoms. Given the many ways MC could be activated and the numerous mediators released, it would be important to develop ways to inhibit stimulation of MC and the release of ANS-relevant mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Assma Twahir
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
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Bugara K, Pacwa A, Smedowski A. Molecular pathways in experimental glaucoma models. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1363170. [PMID: 38562304 PMCID: PMC10982327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1363170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex and progressive disease that primarily affects the optic nerve axons, leading to irreversible vision loss. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis are not fully understood, it is believed that except increased intraocular pressure, a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the disease. Animal models have been widely used in the study of glaucoma, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and excitotoxic-induced neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the most important knowledge about molecular mechanisms involved in the glaucoma development. Although much research has been done to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, there is still much to be learned to develop effective treatments and prevent vision loss in those affected by glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Bugara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Pacwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Baglioni V, Bozza F, Beatrice A, Cameli N, Colacino Cinnante EM, Lentini G, Faedda N, Natalucci G, Guidetti V. Non-Pharmacological Treatments in Paediatric Migraine. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1278. [PMID: 38592096 PMCID: PMC10932388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological, social, and biological aspects contribute synergistically to the maintenance and chronicity of pain in primary headaches. An integrated intervention seems to be the most appropriate in the management of these conditions, taking advantage not only of pharmacological strategies, but also of different approaches according to the global assessment and patient necessities. In this perspective, non-pharmacological treatments are becoming increasingly used to overcome these issues also in paediatric migraine treatment. Particularly, nutraceuticals, non-invasive neuromodulation, and behavioural approaches are well tolerated and of potential interest. This paper aims to present the main approaches reported in the literature in the management of migraine in children and adolescents presenting an up-to-date review of the current literature. We therefore performed a narrative presentation for each of these three categories: nutraceuticals (riboflavin; magnesium; melatonin; vitamin D; coenzyme Q10; and polyunsaturated fatty acid); non-invasive neuromodulation (trigeminal nerve stimulator; non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation; and remote electrical neuromodulation), and behavioural therapies (biofeedback; cognitive behavioural therapy; and mindfulness-based therapy). These approaches are increasingly seen as a valid treatment option in primary headache management also in paediatrics, avoiding medication overuse and drug treatment contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baglioni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (A.B.); (N.C.); (E.M.C.C.); (G.L.); (N.F.); (G.N.); (V.G.)
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Ferraguti G, Terracina S, Tarani L, Fanfarillo F, Allushi S, Caronti B, Tirassa P, Polimeni A, Lucarelli M, Cavalcanti L, Greco A, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor and the Role of Inflammation in Tumor Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:965-989. [PMID: 38392180 PMCID: PMC10888178 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a dual role both in inflammatory states and cancer, acting both as a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic factor and as an anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mediator in a context-dependent way based on the signaling networks and its interaction with diverse cellular components within the microenvironment. This report aims to provide a summary and subsequent review of the literature on the role of NGF in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and tumor cell growth, survival, and death. The role of NGF in inflammation and tumorigenesis as a component of the inflammatory system, its interaction with the various components of the respective microenvironments, its ability to cause epigenetic changes, and its role in the treatment of cancer have been highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanfarillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Allushi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Caronti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cavalcanti
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Gugliandolo E, Franco GA, Marino Y, Peritore AF, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Macrì F, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. Uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of dietary supplementation with micronized palmitoyl-glucosamine and hesperidin in a chronic model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327102. [PMID: 38249555 PMCID: PMC10797840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline idiopathic cystitis is a common, chronic-relapsing disorder of the lower urinary tract. In addition to environmental modification/enrichment, long-term and safe treatment targeting specific pathophysiological changes may be of help. In this context, effective dietary interventions hold clinical promise. Palmitoyl-glucosamine (PGA) and hesperidin (HSP) are safe and authorized feed ingredients for animal nutrition under European regulations. Methods The current study aimed to investigate whether a 3:1 mixture of micronized PGA and HSP could represent a novel mechanism-oriented approach to chronic cystitis management. A newly validated rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced chronic cystitis was used (40 mg/kg, three intraperitoneal injections every 3rd day). Animals were randomized to orally receive either vehicle or PGA-HSP at a low (72 + 24 mg/kg) or high (doubled) dose for 13 days, starting 3 days before the chronic CYP protocol, with mesna (2-mercaptoethane-sulfonate) being used as a reference drug. Results Higher PGA-HSP dose was effective at relieving chronic visceral pain, as measured by mechanical allodynia test (von Frey test). The severity of cystitis was also significantly improved, as shown by the reduced sonographic thickening of the bladder wall, as well as the decrease in edema, bleeding and bladder to body weight ratio compared to the vehicle treated group. A significant decrease of MPO activity, MDA level and fibrosis at Masson's trichrome staining was also observed in animals administered PGA-HSP in comparison to vehicle treated ones. The CYP-induced increase in bladder mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly counteracted by the study mixture. Moreover, CYP-induced bladder mast cell accumulation and releasability were significantly decreased by PGA-HSP (even at the low dose), as determined by metachromatic staining, chymase and tryptase immunostaining as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for histamine and 5-hydoxytriptamine. Discussion PGA-HSP is able to block CYP-induced decrease of tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, thus preserving the urothelial bladder function. Finally, neuroinflammatory changes were investigated, showing that dietary supplementation with PGA-HSP prevented the activation of neurons and non-neuronal cells (i.e., microglia, astrocytes and mast cells) at the spinal level, and counteracted CYP-induced increase of spinal mRNA encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, the present findings confirm the uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of PGA-HSP and pave the way to potential and relevant clinical applications of the study supplement in feline idiopathic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fanfarillo F, Ferraguti G, Lucarelli M, Francati S, Barbato C, Minni A, Ceccanti M, Tarani L, Petrella C, Fiore M. The Impact of ROS and NGF in the Gliomagenesis and their Emerging Implications in the Glioma Treatment. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:449-462. [PMID: 37016521 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230403105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS sources can be endogenous, such as cellular organelles and inflammatory cells, or exogenous, such as ionizing radiation, alcohol, food, tobacco, chemotherapeutical agents and infectious agents. Oxidative stress results in damage of several cellular structures (lipids, proteins, lipoproteins, and DNA) and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. A large body of studies showed that ROS plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Indeed, increased production of ROS causes accumulation in DNA damage leading to tumorigenesis. Various investigations demonstrated the involvement of ROS in gliomagenesis. The most common type of primary intracranial tumor in adults is represented by glioma. Furthermore, there is growing attention on the role of the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in brain tumor pathogenesis. NGF is a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. It is involved in neuronal differentiation, proliferation and survival. Studies were conducted to investigate NGF pathogenesis's role as a pro- or anti-tumoral factor in brain tumors. It has been observed that NGF can induce both differentiation and proliferation in cells. The involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of brain tumors leads to the hypothesis of a possible implication of NGF in new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have focused on the role of neurotrophin receptors as potential targets in glioma therapy. This review provides an updated overview of the role of ROS and NGF in gliomagenesis and their emerging role in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Oxidative Stress and the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Certain Exogenous and Endogenous Nrf2 Activators and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17223. [PMID: 38139050 PMCID: PMC10743556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that, in genetically susceptible subjects, T lymphocytes undergo activation in the peripheral compartment, pass through the BBB, and cause damage in the CNS. They produce pro-inflammatory cytokines; induce cytotoxic activities in microglia and astrocytes with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other highly reactive radicals; activate B cells and macrophages and stimulate the complement system. Inflammation and neurodegeneration are involved from the very beginning of the disease. They can both be affected by oxidative stress (OS) with different emphases depending on the time course of MS. Thus, OS initiates and supports inflammatory processes in the active phase, while in the chronic phase it supports neurodegenerative processes. A still unresolved issue in overcoming OS-induced lesions in MS is the insufficient endogenous activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which under normal conditions plays an essential role in mitochondria protection, OS, neuroinflammation, and degeneration. Thus, the search for approaches aiming to elevate endogenous Nrf2 activation is capable of protecting the brain against oxidative damage. However, exogenous Nrf2 activators themselves are not without drawbacks, necessitating the search for new non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to modulate OS. The purpose of the present review is to provide some relevant preclinical and clinical examples, focusing on certain exogenous and endogenous Nrf2 activators and the modulation of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The increased plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in response to TPE treatment of MS patients suggest their antioxidant potential for endogenous Nrf2 enhancement via NGF/TrkA/PI3K/Akt and NGF/p75NTR/ceramide-PKCζ/CK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Tringali G, Pizzoferrato M, Lisi L, Marinelli S, Buccarello L, Falsini B, Cattaneo A, Navarra P. A Vicious NGF-p75 NTR Positive Feedback Loop Exacerbates the Toxic Effects of Oxidative Damage in the Human Retinal Epithelial Cell Line ARPE-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16237. [PMID: 38003427 PMCID: PMC10671591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of its variety of biological activities, the clinical exploitation of human NGF (hNGF) is currently limited to ocular pathologies. It is therefore interesting to test the effects of hNGF in preclinical models that may predict their efficacy and safety in the clinical setting of ocular disorders and compare the effects of hNGF with those of its analogs. We used a human retinal pigment cell line, ARPE-19 cells, to investigate the effects of hNGF and its analogs, mouse NGF (mNGF) and painless NGF (pNGF), on cell viability under basal conditions and after exposure to oxidative stimuli, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ultraviolet (UV)-A rays. The effects of hNGF and pNGF were also tested on the gene expression and protein synthesis of the two NGF receptor subtypes, p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) and tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptors. We drew the following conclusions: (i) the exposure of ARPE-19 cells to H2O2 or UV-A causes a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells; (ii) under baseline conditions, hNGF, but not pNGF, causes a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability in the range of doses 1-100 ng/mL; (iii) hNGF, but not pNGF, significantly potentiates the toxic effects of H2O2 or of UV-A on ARPE-19 cells in the range of doses 1-100 ng/mL, while mNGF at the same doses presents an intermediate behavior; (iv) 100 ng/mL of hNGF triggers an increase in p75NTR expression in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells, while pNGF at the same dose does not; (v) pNGF, but not hNGF (both given at 100 ng/mL), increases the total cell fluorescence intensity for TrkA receptors in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. The present findings suggest a vicious positive feedback loop through which NGF-mediated upregulation of p75NTR contributes to worsening the toxic effects of oxidative damage in the human retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19. Looking at the possible clinical relevance of these findings, one can postulate that pNGF might show a better benefit/risk ratio than hNGF in the treatment of ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tringali
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.P.)
| | - Michela Pizzoferrato
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.P.)
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.P.)
| | - Silvia Marinelli
- European Brain Research Institute-Fondazione Rita Levi Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy (L.B.)
| | - Lucia Buccarello
- European Brain Research Institute-Fondazione Rita Levi Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy (L.B.)
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- UOC Ophtalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- European Brain Research Institute-Fondazione Rita Levi Montalcini, 00161 Rome, Italy (L.B.)
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Catholic University Medical School, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy (M.P.)
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11
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Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. To Go Where Nature Leads: Focus on Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides as Innovative Approach to Neuroinflammatory and Pain-Related Disease States in Honor of Doctor Francesco Della Valle. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1583. [PMID: 38002265 PMCID: PMC10669693 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dr [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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12
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7749-7774. [PMID: 37886933 PMCID: PMC10605592 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is predominantly an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology with a possible genetic predisposition and effect of certain environmental factors. It is generally accepted that the disease begins with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction targeting oligodendrocytes followed by a rapid depletion of their regenerative capacity with subsequent permanent neurodegenerative changes and disability. Recent research highlights the central role of B lymphocytes and the corresponding IgG and IgM autoantibodies in newly forming MS lesions. Thus, their removal along with the modulation of certain bioactive molecules to improve neuroprotection using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) becomes of utmost importance. Recently, it has been proposed to determine the levels and precise effects of both beneficial and harmful components in the serum of MS patients undergoing TPE to serve as markers for appropriate TPE protocols. In this review we discuss some relevant examples, focusing on the removal of pathogenic circulating factors and altering the plasma levels of nerve growth factor and sphingosine-1-phosphate by TPE. Altered plasma levels of the reviewed molecular compounds in response to TPE reflect a successful reduction of the pro-inflammatory burden at the expense of an increase in anti-inflammatory potential in the circulatory and CNS compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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13
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Machairiotis N, Vrachnis D, Antonakopoulos N, Loukas N, Fotiou A, Pergialiotis V, Stavros S, Mantzou A, Maroudias G, Iavazzo C, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Drakakis P, Troupis T, Vlasis K, Vrachnis N. Detection and Quantification of Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Levels in Early Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid: Investigation into a Possible Correlation with Abnormal Fetal Growth Velocity Patterns. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4131. [PMID: 37373824 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal fetal growth is associated with adverse perinatal and long-term outcomes. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions are still to be clarified. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are two neurotrophins that are mainly involved in the neuroprotection process, namely promotion of growth and differentiation, maintenance, and survival of neurons. During pregnancy, they have been correlated with placental development and fetal growth. In this study, we aimed to determine the early 2nd trimester amniotic fluid levels of NGF and NT-3 and to investigate their association with fetal growth. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. A total of 51 amniotic fluid samples were collected from women undergoing amniocentesis early in the second trimester and were stored at -80 °C. Pregnancies were followed up until delivery and birth weight was recorded. Based on birth weight, the amniotic fluid samples were divided into three groups: appropriate for gestational age (AGA), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). NGF and NT-3 levels were determined by using Elisa kits. RESULTS NGF concentrations were similar between the studied groups; median values were 10.15 pg/mL, 10.15 pg/mL, and 9.14 pg/mL in SGA, LGA, and AGA fetuses, respectively. Regarding NT-3, a trend was observed towards increased NT-3 levels as fetal growth velocity decreased; median concentrations were 11.87 pg/mL, 15.9 pg/mL, and 23.5 pg/mL in SGA, AGA, and LGA fetuses, respectively, although the differences among the three groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that fetal growth disturbances do not induce increased or decreased production of NGF and NT-3 in early second trimester amniotic fluid. The trend observed towards increased NT-3 levels as fetal growth velocity decreased shows that there may be a compensatory mechanism in place that operates in conjunction with the brain-sparing effect. Further associations between these two neurotrophins and fetal growth disturbances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antonakopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Patras, Medical School, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Loukas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Alexandros Fotiou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Maroudias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Christos Iavazzo
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, 18537 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, 18537 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlasis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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14
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Duarte FV, Ciampi D, Duarte CB. Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:173. [PMID: 37266732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are present in the pre- and post-synaptic regions, providing the energy required for the activity of these very specialized neuronal compartments. Biogenesis of synaptic mitochondria takes place in the cell body, and these organelles are then transported to the synapse by motor proteins that carry their cargo along microtubule tracks. The transport of mitochondria along neurites is a highly regulated process, being modulated by the pattern of neuronal activity and by extracellular cues that interact with surface receptors. These signals act by controlling the distribution of mitochondria and by regulating their activity. Therefore, mitochondria activity at the synapse allows the integration of different signals and the organelles are important players in the response to synaptic stimulation. Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniele Ciampi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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16
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Pacifico P, Testa G, Amodeo R, Mainardi M, Tiberi A, Convertino D, Arevalo JC, Marchetti L, Costa M, Cattaneo A, Capsoni S. Human TrkAR649W mutation impairs nociception, sweating and cognitive abilities: a mouse model of HSAN IV. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1380-1400. [PMID: 36537577 PMCID: PMC10077510 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional nerve growth factor NGF-Tropomyosin Receptor kinase A (TrkA) system is an essential requisite for the generation and maintenance of long-lasting thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in adult mammals. Indeed, mutations in the gene encoding for TrkA are responsible for a rare condition, named Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), characterized by the loss of response to noxious stimuli, anhidrosis and cognitive impairment. However, to date, there is no available mouse model to properly understand how the NGF-TrkA system can lead to pathological phenotypes that are distinctive of HSAN IV. Here, we report the generation of a knock-in mouse line carrying the HSAN IV TrkAR649W mutation. First, by in vitro biochemical and biophysical analyses, we show that the pathological R649W mutation leads to kinase-inactive TrkA also affecting its membrane dynamics and trafficking. In agreement with the HSAN IV human phenotype, TrkAR649W/m mice display a lower response to thermal and chemical noxious stimuli, correlating with reduced skin innervation, in addition to decreased sweating in comparison to TrkAh/m controls. Moreover, the R649W mutation decreases anxiety-like behavior and compromises cognitive abilities, by impairing spatial-working and social memory. Our results further uncover unexplored roles of TrkA in thermoregulation and sociability. In addition to accurately recapitulating the clinical manifestations of HSAN IV patients, our findings contribute to clarifying the involvement of the NGF-TrkA system in pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pacifico
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giovanna Testa
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosy Amodeo
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa 56127, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alexia Tiberi
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Domenica Convertino
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa 56127, Italy
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Arevalo
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Patología, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa 56127, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Mario Costa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (IN-CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy
- Pisa Center for Research and Clinical Implementation Flash Radiotherapy (CPFR@CISUP), Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Rita Levi-Montalcini European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Simona Capsoni
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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17
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van Amersfort K, van der Lee A, Hagen-Plantinga E. Evidence-base for the beneficial effect of nutraceuticals in canine dermatological immune-mediated inflammatory diseases - A literature review. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36938651 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are associated with an abnormal immune response, resulting in a disturbed homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Most canine dermatological IMIDs (cDIMIDs), such as allergies, autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases, require long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs with potential adverse effects. In general, nutraceuticals are thought to be safe. As a result, there is a tendency for the more frequent use of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to present evidence-based proof for the use of various nutraceuticals in the treatment of cDIMIDs and, where possible, to provide conclusions to guide their use in veterinary dermatological practice. METHODS A comprehensive literature search on common cDIMIDs and nutraceuticals was performed. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English and related to the study topic were included. A total of 64 eligible publications were classified in five categories based on study design and substantively assessed on additional criteria such as standardisation of diets and number of included animals. For final appraisal, classification of major, minor or no evidence was used whereby efficacy was based on clinical outcome measurements. CONCLUSIONS Minor evidence for the beneficial use of several nutraceuticals, including essential fatty acids, niacinamide and probiotics, was found for treatment of specific cDIMIDs. These nutraceuticals may improve clinical signs or reduce the required dose of concurrent medication (e.g. drug-sparing effect) in some dogs. Some nutraceuticals also may be used for long-term maintenance therapy. Despite some promising findings, major evidence for the use of nutraceuticals in cDIMIDs is lacking, warranting further research.
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18
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Theoharides TC, Kempuraj D. Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID. Cells 2023; 12:688. [PMID: 36899824 PMCID: PMC10001285 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a few months after the initial infection and develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), referred to as "Long-COVID," characterized by persistent physical and mental fatigue. However, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms affecting the brain are still not well-understood. There is increasing evidence of neurovascular inflammation in the brain. However, the precise role of the neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the disease severity of COVID-19 and long COVID pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Here, we review the reports that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can cause blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and damage neurons either directly, or via activation of brain mast cells and microglia and the release of various neuroinflammatory molecules. Moreover, we provide recent evidence that the novel flavanol eriodictyol is particularly suited for development as an effective treatment alone or together with oleuropein and sulforaphane (ViralProtek®), all of which have potent anti-viral and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Song H, Kim DI, Abbasi SA, Latifi Gharamaleki N, Kim E, Jin C, Kim S, Hwang J, Kim JY, Chen XZ, Nelson BJ, Pané S, Choi H. Multi-target cell therapy using a magnetoelectric microscale biorobot for targeted delivery and selective differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via magnetically driven cell stamping. Mater Horiz 2022; 9:3031-3038. [PMID: 36129054 PMCID: PMC9704487 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00693f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy refers to a treatment that involves the delivery of cells or cellular material by means of injection, grafting, or implantation in order to replace damaged tissue and restore its function, or to aid the body in fighting disease. However, limitations include poor targeting delivery and low therapeutic efficacy due to low cell survival. Hence, novel approaches are required to increase cell delivery efficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy via selective cell differentiation at target areas. Here, we present a stamping magnetoelectric microscale biorobot (SMMB) consisting of neuron-like cell spheroids loaded with magnetoelectric nanoparticles. The SMMB enables not only effective targeted delivery of cells to multiple target areas (via minimally invasive stamping employing magnetic actuation) but also facilitates selective neuronal differentiation via magnetoelectric (ME) stimulation. This ensures rapid colonization and enhances efficacy. SMMBs were fabricated using SH-SY5Y cells. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles for ME stimulation responded to an alternating magnetic field that ensured targeted cell differentiation. Multi-target cell therapy facilitated the targeted delivery and selective differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells to multiple regions using a single SMMB with rotating and alternating magnetic fields for delivery and ME stimulation. This promising tool may overcome the limitations of existing cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Song
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Kim
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Abbasi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nader Latifi Gharamaleki
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- IMsystem Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Jin
- Department of Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Samhwan Kim
- Brain Science Department, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) 711-873, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Junsun Hwang
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- IMsystem Co., Ltd., Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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20
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Testa G, Mainardi M, Vannini E, Pancrazi L, Cattaneo A, Costa M. Disentangling the signaling complexity of nerve growth factor receptors by
CRISPR
/Cas9. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22498. [PMID: 37036720 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101760rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and p75NTR receptors activates a large variety of pathways regulating critical processes as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, membrane potential, synaptic plasticity, and pain. To ascertain the details of TrkA-p75NTR interaction and cooperation, a plethora of experiments, mostly based on receptor overexpression or downregulation, have been performed. Among the heterogeneous cellular systems used for studying NGF signaling, the PC12 pheochromocytoma-derived cell line is a widely used model. By means of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we created PC12 cells lacking TrkA, p75NTR , or both. We found that TrkA-null cells become unresponsive to NGF. Conversely, the absence of p75NTR enhances the phosphorylation of TrkA and its effectors. Using a patch-clamp, we demonstrated that the individual activation of TrkA and p75NTR by NGF results in antagonizing effects on the membrane potential. These newly developed PC12 cell lines can be used to investigate the specific roles of TrkA and p75NTR in a genetically defined cellular model, thus providing a useful platform for future studies and further gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Testa
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS” Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS” Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Pisa Italy
| | - Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Pisa Italy
| | - Laura Pancrazi
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Pisa Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS” Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy
- European Brain Research Institute “Rita Levi Montalcini” (EBRI) Rome Italy
| | - Mario Costa
- Laboratory of Biology “Bio@SNS” Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy
- Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR) Pisa Italy
- Centro Pisano ricerca e implementazione clinica Flash Radiotherapy “CPFR@CISUP”, “S. Chiara” Hospital Pisa Italy
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21
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della Rocca G, Re G. Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides for Small Animal Health: State of the Art. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091186. [PMID: 36139024 PMCID: PMC9496254 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ALIAmides are a family of fatty acid amides whose name comes from their mechanism of action, i.e., the Autacoid Local Injury Antagonism (ALIA). Actually, the ALIAmide parent molecule, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), is locally produced on demand from a cell membrane precursor in order to control immune-inflammatory cell responses, avert chronic non-resolving inflammation, and limit the resulting clinical signs. ALIAmide sister compounds, such as Adelmidrol and palmitoylglucosamine, share mechanisms of action with PEA and may also increase endogenous levels of PEA. Provided that their respective bioavailability is properly addressed (e.g., through decreasing the particle size through micronization), exogenously administered ALIAmides thus mimic or sustain the prohomeostatic functions of endogenous PEA. The aim of the present paper is to review the main findings on the use of ALIAmides in small animals as a tribute to the man of vision who first believed in this “according-to-nature” approach, namely Francesco della Valle. After briefly presenting some key issues on the molecular targets, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of PEA and related ALIAmides, here we will focus on the preclinical and clinical studies performed in dogs and cats. Although more data are still needed, ALIAmides may represent a novel and promising approach to small animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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22
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Xu JY, Zhao AL, Xin P, Geng JZ, Wang BJ, Xia T. Acupuncture for Female Infertility: Discussion on Action Mechanism and Application. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:3854117. [PMID: 35832528 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3854117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A higher incidence of female infertility has been reported with an unexpectedly early appearance in recent years. The female infertility treatment and application of assisted reproductive technology have recently gained immense interest from scientists. Many studies have discussed the beneficial effects of acupuncture on female infertility. With advancements in science and medical technology, acupuncture-related research has increased in investigating its effectiveness in treating female infertility. This review focuses on a compilation of research in recent years on acupuncture for female infertility treatment and the exploration of the underlying mechanism. For this purpose, literature was searched using various search engines like PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was refined by only focusing on recent studies on acupuncture effectiveness and mechanism in female infertility and evaluating pregnancy outcomes.
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23
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Tiberi A, Capsoni S, Cattaneo A. A Microglial Function for the Nerve Growth Factor: Predictions of the Unpredictable. Cells 2022; 11:1835. [PMID: 35681529 PMCID: PMC9180430 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the only immune cell population present in the brain parenchyma. Their vantage position in the central nervous system (CNS) enables these myeloid cells to perform the most disparate of tasks: from the classical immune functions of fighting infections and surveilling the extracellular space for pathogens and damage, to sculpting the neuronal circuitry by pruning unnecessary synapses and assisting neurons in spine formation, aiding in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. The neurotrophin field has always been dominated by the neurocentric view that the primary target of these molecules must be neurons: this holds true even for the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), which owes its popularity in the neuroscience community to its trophic and tropic activity towards sensory and sympathetic neurons in the peripheral nervous system, and cholinergic neurons in the CNS. The increasing evidence that microglia are an integral part of neuronal computation calls for a closer look as to whether these glial cells are capable of responding directly to NGF. In this review, we will first outline evidence in support of a role for NGF as a molecule mediating neuroimmune communication. Then, we will illustrate some of those non-immune features that have made microglial cells one of the hottest topics of this last decade. In conclusion, we will discuss evidence in support of a microglial function for NGF.
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24
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Seidel MF, Hügle T, Morlion B, Koltzenburg M, Chapman V, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Lane NE, Perrot S, Zieglgänsberger W. Neurogenic inflammation as a novel treatment target for chronic pain syndromes. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114108. [PMID: 35551902 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain syndrome is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by several pathological mechanisms. One in five adults in Europe may experience chronic pain. In addition to the individual burden, chronic pain has a significant societal impact because of work and school absences, loss of work, early retirement, and high social and healthcare costs. Several anti-inflammatory treatments are available for patients with inflammatory or autoimmune diseases to control their symptoms, including pain. However, patients with degenerative chronic pain conditions, some with 10-fold or more elevated incidence relative to these manageable diseases, have few long-term pharmacological treatment options, limited mainly to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids. For this review, we performed multiple PubMed searches using keywords such as "pain," "neurogenic inflammation," "NGF," "substance P," "nociception," "BDNF," "inflammation," "CGRP," "osteoarthritis," and "migraine." Many treatments, most with limited scientific evidence of efficacy, are available for the management of chronic pain through a trial-and-error approach. Although basic science and pre-clinical pain research have elucidated many biomolecular mechanisms of pain and identified promising novel targets, little of this work has translated into better clinical management of these conditions. This state-of-the-art review summarizes concepts of chronic pain syndromes and describes potential novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F Seidel
- Department of Rheumatology, Spitalzentrum Biel-Centre Hospitalier Bienne, 2501 Biel-Bienne, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Hügle
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barton Morlion
- The Leuven Center for Algology and Pain Management, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Koltzenburg
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Serge Perrot
- Unité INSERM U987, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Paris Descartes University, Boulogne Billancourt, France; Centre d'Evaluation et Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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25
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Micheli L, Lucarini E, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Parisio C, Bartolucci G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Effects of Ultramicronized N-Palmitoylethanolamine Supplementation on Tramadol and Oxycodone Analgesia and Tolerance Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020403. [PMID: 35214131 PMCID: PMC8875545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain management requires increasing doses of opioids, the milestone of painkillers, which may result in the onset of tolerance with exacerbated side effects. Maintaining stable analgesia with low doses of opioids is thus imperative. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is an endogenous lipid compound endowed with pain-relieving as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The ultramicronized formulation of PEA was recently demonstrated to be able to modulate morphine’s effects, delaying tolerance and improving efficacy. To evaluate the possible application to other opioids, in this study, we analysed the capacity of ultramicronized PEA to regulate analgesia and tolerance induced by oxycodone and tramadol. Pre-emptive and continuative treatment with ultramicronized PEA (30 mg kg−1, daily, per os) delayed the onset of opioid tolerance and enhanced opioid analgesia when it was acutely administered in association with tramadol (20 mg kg−1, daily, subcutaneously) or oxycodone (0.5 mg kg−1, daily, subcutaneously). Moreover, PEA exerted antinociceptive effects on tolerant rats, suggesting the use of PEA together with opioids for stable, long-lasting analgesia. To that purpose, the oxycodone dose needed to be increased from 0.3 mg kg−1 (day 1) up to 1 mg kg−1 (day 31) in the oxycodone + vehicle group; the tramadol dose was progressively enhanced from 15 mg kg−1 to 50 mg kg−1 in 31 days in the tramadol + vehicle group. Acute oral co-treatment with PEA (120 mg kg−1) achieved the same analgesia without increasing the dose of both opioids. The behavioural effects of PEA on opioid chronic treatment paralleled a decrease in astrocyte activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (a marker of the development of opioid tolerance) and with a modulation of mRNA expression of IL-6 and serpin-A3. In conclusion, pre- and co-administration of ultramicronized PEA delayed the development of tramadol tolerance, potentiating either oxycodone or tramadol analgesia and allowing a long-lasting analgesic effect with a low opioid dose regimen. The use of PEA is suggested for clinical purposes to support the opioid-based management of persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758-395
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.L.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (C.G.)
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Kagan T, Stoyanova G, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis induces neuronal differentiation, whereas de novo ceramide synthesis and sphingomyelin hydrolysis initiate apoptosis after NGF withdrawal in PC12 Cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:15. [PMID: 35101031 PMCID: PMC8802477 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ceramide, important for both neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, resides in several membranes, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and nuclear membranes, and can be further processed into glycosphingolipids or sphingomyelin. Ceramide may also be generated by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by neutral or acidic sphingomyelinases in lysosomes and other membranes. Here we asked whether the differing functions of ceramide derived from different origins. Methods We added NGF to PC12 cells and to TrkA cells. These latter overexpress NGF receptors and are partially activated to differentiate, whereas NGF is required for PC12 cells to differentiate. We differentiated synthesis from hydrolysis by the use of appropriate inhibitors. Ceramide and sphingomyelin were measured by radiolabeling. Results When NGF is added, the kinetics and amounts of ceramide and sphingomyelin indicate that the ceramide comes primarily from hydrolysis but, when hydrolysis is inhibited, can also come from neosynthesis. When NGF is removed, the ceramide comes from both neosynthesis and hydrolysis. Conclusion We conclude that the function of ceramide depends heavily on its intracellular location, and that further understanding of its function will depend on resolving its location during changes of cell status. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00767-2. Ceramide and sphingomyelin reportedly are important both for differentiation of nerve cells and for their death. We studied PC12 cells, which can differentiate into neuron-like cells in the presence of nerve growth factor and cells that overexpress receptors for nerve growth factor. By combining various inhibitors, we conclude that in the presence of nerve growth factor ceramide comes from hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, but when nerve growth factor is removed and the cells atrophy and die, sphingomyelin comes from both neosynthesis and hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Kagan
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Gloria Stoyanova
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.,St. Johns University, Jamaica, NY, USA
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Jesus JBD, Sena CBCD, Macchi BDM, do Nascimento JLM. Cyclosporin A as an Alternative Neuroimmune Strategy to Control Neurites and Recover Neuronal Tissues in Leprosy. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:15-20. [PMID: 34350891 DOI: 10.1159/000517993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, continues to have a substantial impact on infectious diseases throughout the world. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae and shows a wide clinical and immunopathological spectrum related to the immune response of the host. This disease affects the skin and other internal organs with a predilection to infect Schwann cells, which play an active role during axonal degeneration, affecting peripheral nerves and promoting neurological damage. This chronic inflammation influences immune function, leading to neuroimmune disorders. Leprosy is also associated with neuroimmune reactions, including type 1 (reverse) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum) reactions, which are immune-mediated inflammatory complications that can occur during the disease and appear to worsen dramatically; these complications are the main concerns of patients. The reactions may induce neuritis and neuropathic pain that progressively worsen with irreversible deformity and disabilities responsible for the immunopathological damage and glial/neuronal death. However, the neuronal damage is not always associated with the reactional episode. Also, the efficacy in the treatment of reactions remains low because of the nonexistence of a specific treatment and missing informations about the immunopathogenesis of the reactional episode. There is increasing evidence that peripheral neuron dysfunction strongly depends on the activity of neurotrophins. The most important neurotrophin in leprosy is nerve growth factor (NGF), which is decreased in the course of leprosy, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against NGF in all clinical forms of leprosy and neuroimmune reactions. The levels of autoantibodies against NGF are decreased by the immunomodulatory activity of cyclosporin A, which mainly controls pain and improves motor function and sensitivity. Therefore, the suppression of anti-NGF and the regulation of NGF levels can be attractive targets for immunomodulatory treatment and for controlling the neuroimmune reactions of leprosy, although further studies are needed to clarify this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Batista de Jesus
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Chubert Bernardo Castro de Sena
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT - NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbarella de Matos Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT - NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Martins do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT - NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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Lingegowda H, Miller JE, McCallion A, Childs T, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Implications of dysregulated endogenous cannabinoid family members in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. F S Sci 2021; 2:419-430. [PMID: 35559864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the involvement of the endocannabinoid (EC) family member in the pathophysiology of endometriosis (EMS). DESIGN Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma and tissue samples from patients with EMS, controls, and a mouse model of EMS and messenger RNA and immunohistochemistry analysis of the samples from patients with EMS and controls. SETTING Academic teaching hospital and university. PATIENT(S) Patients with EMS and healthy fertile control subjects. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endocannabinoid analysis in patient plasma, EMS lesions, and healthy endometrial samples. RESULT(S) Circulating ECs were detected in the plasma samples, whereas no significant changes were observed in patients with EMS compared with healthy fertile controls. However, the palmitoylethanolamide levels were significantly higher in the EMS lesions than in the endometrium from patients with EMS. Similarly, genes involved in the EC signaling pathways were differentially expressed in the EMS lesions. Analysis of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors in the EMS lesions revealed a significantly lower cannabinoid 2 receptor expression, whereas no significant changes were observed in cannabinoid 1 receptor expression compared with those in the endometrium from both patients with EMS and healthy fertile controls. The palmitoylethanolamide levels were significantly elevated in plasma from EMS mice compared with that from sham controls and in EMS lesions compared with uterine samples. CONCLUSION(S) Together, we provide evidence toward dysregulation of members of the ECs in both patients with EMS and the mouse model of EMS. These findings will advance the knowledge of the role of ECs in EMS and their potential implications as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison McCallion
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Childs
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Ogunmokun G, Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Valupadas C, Chaudhary A, Kolli V, Anand U, Vallamkondu J, Goel P, Paluru HPR, Gill KD, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Potential Role of Cytokines and Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:2790. [PMID: 34685770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prominent neurodegenerative diseases, which impairs cognitive function in afflicted individuals. AD results in gradual decay of neuronal function as a consequence of diverse degenerating events. Several neuroimmune players (such as cytokines and growth factors that are key players in maintaining CNS homeostasis) turn aberrant during crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immunities. This aberrance underlies neuroinflammation and drives neuronal cells toward apoptotic decline. Neuroinflammation involves microglial activation and has been shown to exacerbate AD. This review attempted to elucidate the role of cytokines, growth factors, and associated mechanisms implicated in the course of AD, especially with neuroinflammation. We also evaluated the propensities and specific mechanism(s) of cytokines and growth factors impacting neuron upon apoptotic decline and further shed light on the availability and accessibility of cytokines across the blood-brain barrier and choroid plexus in AD pathophysiology. The pathogenic and the protective roles of macrophage migration and inhibitory factors, neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic-related growth factors, TAU phosphorylation, advanced glycation end products, complement system, and glial cells in AD and neuropsychiatric pathology were also discussed. Taken together, the emerging roles of these factors in AD pathology emphasize the importance of building novel strategies for an effective therapeutic/neuropsychiatric management of AD in clinics.
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Liu S, Shen Y, Chen P, Guo C, Zhang G, Jiang X, He J, Yang J. Preparation and characterization of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 189:105966. [PMID: 34627999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is produced and released in injured tissues or chronic pain tissues caused by other diseases. Studies have shown that monoclonal antibodies targeting NGF have a good efficacy in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain and chronic pain, which may be a promising therapy. In this study, DNA sequences of NGF-his and NGF-hFc were synthesized using eukaryotic expression system and subcloned into pTT5 expression vector. After that, NGF proteins were expressed by transient expression in HEK293E cells. We immunized mice with NGF-hFc protein and fused mouse spleen cells to prepare hybridomas. NGF-His protein was used to screen out the hybridoma supernatant that could directly bind to NGF. Antibodies were purified from hybridioma supernatant. Futhermore, via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) screening, six anti-NGF mAbs were screened to block the binding of NGF and TrkA receptor in the treatment of chronic pain. Among them, 58F10G10H showed high affinity (KD = 1.03 × 10-9 M) and even better than that of positive control antibody Tanezumab (KD = 1.53 × 10-9 M). Moreover, the specific reactivity of 58F10G10H was demonstrated by TF-1 cell proliferation activity experiments, competitive binding Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the arthritis animal models in mice, respectively. In conclusion, in this study, a method for the preparation of high-yield NGF-HFC and NGF-His proteins was designed, and a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against NGF with potential for basic research and clinical application was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yunlong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; R & D Department of Biotech Solution and Discovery Co.Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Pengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cuiyu Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guangbing Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianxiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Do Carmo S, Kannel B, Cuello AC. Nerve Growth Factor Compromise in Down Syndrome. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:719507. [PMID: 34434101 PMCID: PMC8381049 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.719507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system relies on trophic support by nerve growth factor (NGF) to maintain its phenotype and function. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) undergo progressive atrophy, suggesting a deficit in NGF trophic support. Within the central nervous system, NGF maturation and degradation are tightly regulated by an activity-dependent metabolic cascade. Here, we present a brief overview of the characteristics of Alzheimer's pathology in Down syndrome (DS) with an emphasis on this NGF metabolic pathway's disruption during the evolving Alzheimer's pathology. Such NGF dysmetabolism is well-established in Alzheimer's brains with advanced pathology and has been observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-demented individuals with elevated brain amyloid levels. As individuals with DS inexorably develop AD, we then review findings that support the existence of a similar NGF dysmetabolism in DS coinciding with atrophy of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Lastly, we discuss the potential of NGF-related biomarkers as indicators of an evolving Alzheimer's pathology in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Kannel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Papetti L, Moavero R, Ferilli MAN, Sforza G, Tarantino S, Ursitti F, Ruscitto C, Vigevano F, Valeriani M. Truths and Myths in Pediatric Migraine and Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:2714. [PMID: 34444875 PMCID: PMC8399652 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between migraine and nutrition can be explored from several points of view. Lifestyle and, in particular, aspects of nutrition can have a significant impact on the course of pediatric migraine. In addition, some dietary treatments, such as the ketogenic diet, and some active ingredients present in foods (nutraceuticals) may have a therapeutic effect on migraine. A diet that can control weight gain and obesity has beneficial effects on migraine severity. On the other hand, when we talk about the link between nutrition and headaches, it is also necessary to point out that some public information is actually fake news that has no scientific basis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the salient points linking pediatric migraine to nutritional principles, focusing on the relationship between weight and headaches, the therapeutic effect of food for medical purposes, the ketogenic diet as a migraine treatment, and the relationship between migraine and dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Papetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Romina Moavero
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
- Child Neurology Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michela A. N. Ferilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Giorgia Sforza
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Samuela Tarantino
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Fabiana Ursitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudia Ruscitto
- Child Neurology Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (M.A.N.F.); (G.S.); (S.T.); (F.U.); (F.V.); (M.V.)
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Denmark Neurology Unit, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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Bae YU, You JH, Cho NH, Kim LE, Shim HM, Park JH, Cho HC. Association of Protein Z with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:637-646. [PMID: 34074095 PMCID: PMC8258334 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease. Early detection of prediabetes is important to reduce the risk of T2DM. Some cytokines are known to be associated with T2DM. Therefore, we aimed to identify cytokines as novel biomarkers of glucose dysmetabolism. METHODS The first stage of the study included 43 subjects (13 subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM, 13 with prediabetes, and 16 with normoglycemia) for cytokine microarray analysis. Blood samples of the subjects were assessed for 310 cytokines to identify potential indicators of prediabetes. The second stage included 142 subjects (36 subjects with T2DM, 35 with prediabetes, and 71 with normoglycemia) to validate the potential cytokines associated with prediabetes. RESULTS We identified 41 cytokines that differed by 1.5-fold or more in at least one out of the three comparisons (normoglycemia vs. prediabetes, normoglycemia vs. T2DM, and prediabetes vs. T2DM) among 310 cytokines. Finally, we selected protein Z (PROZ) and validated this finding to determine its association with prediabetes. Plasma PROZ levels were found to be decreased in patients with prediabetes (1,490.32±367.19 pg/mL) and T2DM (1,583.34±465.43 pg/mL) compared to those in subjects with normoglycemia (1,864.07±450.83 pg/mL) (P<0.001). There were significantly negative correlations between PROZ and fasting plasma glucose (P=0.001) and hemoglobin A1c (P=0.010). CONCLUSION PROZ levels were associated with prediabetes and T2DM. We suggest that PROZ may be a promising biomarker for the early detection of prediabetes. Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the relationship and mechanism between PROZ and prediabetes and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Ji Hong You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Nan Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Leah Eunjung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Hye Min Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Ho Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
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Guo R, Chen Y, Liu L, Wen J, Yang H, Zhu Y, Gao M, Liang H, Lai W, Long H. Nerve Growth Factor Enhances Tooth Mechanical Hyperalgesia Through C-C Chemokine Ligand 19 in Rats. Front Neurol 2021; 12:540660. [PMID: 34149584 PMCID: PMC8211465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.540660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in the regulation of neuropathic pain. It has been demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a well-known contributor to neurogenic inflammation, increases neuroinflammatory pain induced by NGF. The inflammatory mediator that NGF most strongly induces is C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), which can recruit inflammatory cells by binding to the receptor CCR7 followed by promoting the response of neuroinflammation. However, the regulatory mechanism of NGF and CCL19 in tooth movement orofacial pain and the interaction between both are still unclear. In this study, male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to study the modulation of NGF on orofacial pain through CCL19 and the role of each in tooth movement pain in rats. The expression levels of CCL19 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Pain levels were assessed by measuring the rats' bite force, which drops as pain rises. Meanwhile, by verifying the relationship between CGRP and CCL19, it was laterally confirmed that NGF could modulate tooth movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia through CCL19. The results showed that the expression level of CCL19 rose with the increased NGF, and neurons expressing CGRP can express stronger CCL19. Compared with the baseline level, the bite force for all rats dropped sharply on day 1, reached its lowest level on day 3, and recovered gradually on day 5. All results indicated that NGF played an important role in tooth movement orofacial pain via positively regulating CCL19 expression in the trigeminal ganglia of rats. Additionally, CCL19 increased the sensitivity to experimental tooth movement orofacial pain. NGF can regulate CCL19 expression, although it may regulate other inflammatory pathways as well. This is the first report on the interactions and modulations of tooth movement orofacial pain by NGF through CCL19 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Wound healing is an important and complicated process that includes four highly integrated and overlapping phases, haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first member of a family of neurotrophic factors to be discovered, and is an essential neurotrophic factor for the development and maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several studies have proposed that NGF and its receptors, tropomyosin-related kinase receptor 1 and NGF receptor, are involved in the wound healing process, and are important components of the healing of several wounds both in vivo and in vitro. Topical application of NGF significantly promotes the healing of different types of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and corneal wounds. The present review summarizes the status of NGF and its receptors in current literature, and discusses data obtained in the last few years on the healing action of NGF in cutaneous, corneal and oral wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Malerba F, Bruni Ercole B, Florio R, Cattaneo A. A Quantitative Bioassay to Determine the Inhibitory Potency of NGF-TrkA Antagonists. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:823-830. [PMID: 33874771 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate and validate a new bioassay named the NTAB [NGF-TrkA (nerve growth factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase A) antagonist bioassay] for the determination of the inhibitory potency of NGF-TrkA antagonists, based on the inhibition of NGF-dependent proliferation of the human TF1 erythroleukemic cell line.It is well known that NGF holds great therapeutic potential due to its neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. NGF is also involved in some pathways, however, principally driven by TrkA that, if not correctly regulated, can lead to unwanted pathological outcomes linked to pain, angiogenesis, and cancer.Indeed, there is an increasing interest, from a therapeutic perspective, in designing new effective molecules (antibodies, antibody fragments, or small molecules) able to inhibit the undesired NGF-TrkA pathway. For these reasons, there is an interest to develop functional cell-based assays for determination of the inhibition potency of compounds inhibiting the NGF-TrkA axis. The NTAB presents significant advantages over other published NGF-TrkA functional bioassays, for these reasons: (1) It is quantitative, (2) it measures a pure TrkA response, (3) it is simpler, (4) it is based on a natural biological response, and (5) it is easily scalable from a lab scale to an automated industrial assay.The NTAB assay was validated with a panel of well-characterized NGF-TrkA inhibitors, yielding characteristic dose-response curves, from which the relative strength of the inhibitors was quantitatively determined and used for comparisons. This new bioassay will be very useful to assist in the validation and prioritization of the best inhibitors among a large number of candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malerba
- Fondazione EBRI (European Brain Research Institute) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Bruni Ercole
- Fondazione EBRI (European Brain Research Institute) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Florio
- Fondazione EBRI (European Brain Research Institute) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Fondazione EBRI (European Brain Research Institute) Rita Levi-Montalcini, Rome, Italy.,BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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Noce A, Albanese M, Marrone G, Di Lauro M, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Palazzetti D, Guerriero C, Paolino A, Pizzenti G, Di Daniele F, Romani A, D'Agostini C, Magrini A, Mercuri NB, Di Daniele N. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA): A New Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:336. [PMID: 33917573 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 100,000,000 cases of coronavirus infection in the world in just a year, of which there were 2 million deaths. Its clinical picture is characterized by pulmonary involvement that culminates, in the most severe cases, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, COVID-19 affects other organs and systems, including cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Currently, unique-drug therapy is not supported by international guidelines. In this context, it is important to resort to adjuvant therapies in combination with traditional pharmacological treatments. Among natural bioactive compounds, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) seems to have potentially beneficial effects. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an ongoing clinical trial with ultramicronized (um)-PEA as an add-on therapy in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In support of this hypothesis, in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and pain-relieving effects of PEA, especially in its um form. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential use of um-PEA as an adjuvant treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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della Rocca G, Gamba D. Chronic Pain in Dogs and Cats: Is There Place for Dietary Intervention with Micro-Palmitoylethanolamide? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:952. [PMID: 33805489 PMCID: PMC8065429 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic pain is an integral challenge of small animal veterinary practitioners. Multiple pharmacological agents are usually employed to treat maladaptive pain including opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and others. In order to limit adverse effects and tolerance development, they are often combined with non-pharmacologic measures such as acupuncture and dietary interventions. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells such as mast cells and microglia play active roles in the pathogenesis of maladaptive pain. Accordingly, these cells are currently viewed as potential new targets for managing chronic pain. Palmitoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound found in several food sources and considered a body's own analgesic. The receptor-dependent control of non-neuronal cells mediates the pain-relieving effect of palmitoylethanolamide. Accumulating evidence shows the anti-hyperalgesic effect of supplemented palmitoylethanolamide, especially in the micronized and co-micronized formulations (i.e., micro-palmitoylethanolamide), which allow for higher bioavailability. In the present paper, the role of non-neuronal cells in pain signaling is discussed and a large number of studies on the effect of palmitoylethanolamide in inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain are reviewed. Overall, available evidence suggests that there is place for micro-palmitoylethanolamide in the dietary management of chronic pain in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Gamba
- Operational Unit of Anesthesia, Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Roma, Italy;
- Freelance, DG Vet Pain Therapy, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
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Abstract
Structural and functional aspects of bronchial airways are key throughout life and play critical roles in diseases such as asthma. Asthma involves functional changes such as airway irritability and hyperreactivity, as well as structural changes such as enhanced cellular proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM), epithelium, and fibroblasts, and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis, all modulated by factors such as inflammation. There is now increasing recognition that disease maintenance following initial triggers involves a prominent role for resident nonimmune airway cells that secrete growth factors with pleiotropic autocrine and paracrine effects. The family of neurotrophins may be particularly relevant in this regard. Long recognized in the nervous system, classical neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nonclassical ligands such as glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are now known to be expressed and functional in non-neuronal systems including lung. However, the sources, targets, regulation, and downstream effects are still under investigation. In this chapter, we discuss current state of knowledge and future directions regarding BDNF and GDNF in airway physiology and on pathophysiological contributions in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacob J Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bhallamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mallone F, Sacchetti M, Bruscolini A, Scuderi L, Marenco M, Lambiase A. Neurotrophic Factors in Glaucoma and Innovative Delivery Systems. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:9015. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease and a worldwide leading cause of irreversible vision loss. In the last decades, high efforts have been made to develop novel treatments effective in inducing protection and/or recovery of neural function in glaucoma, including neurotrophic factors (NTFs). These approaches have shown encouraging data in preclinical setting; however, the challenge of sustained, targeted delivery to the retina and optic nerve still prevents the clinical translation. In this paper, the authors review and discuss the most recent advances for the use of NTFs treatment in glaucoma, including intraocular delivery. Novel strategies in drug and gene delivery technology for NTFs are proving effective in promoting long-term retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival and related functional improvements. Results of experimental and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of biodegradable slow-release NTF-loaded microparticle devices, encapsulated NTF-secreting cells implants, mimetic ligands for NTF receptors, and viral and non-viral NTF gene vehicles are discussed. NTFs are able to prevent and even reverse apoptotic ganglion cell death. Nevertheless, neuroprotection in glaucoma remains an open issue due to the unmet need of sustained delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. The recent advances in intraocular delivery systems pave the way for possible future use of NTFs in clinical practice for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Petrosino S, Schiano Moriello A. Palmitoylethanolamide: A Nutritional Approach to Keep Neuroinflammation within Physiological Boundaries-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249526. [PMID: 33333772 PMCID: PMC7765232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a physiological response aimed at maintaining the homodynamic balance and providing the body with the fundamental resource of adaptation to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Although the response is initiated with protective purposes, the effect may be detrimental when not regulated. The physiological control of neuroinflammation is mainly achieved via regulatory mechanisms performed by particular cells of the immune system intimately associated with or within the nervous system and named “non-neuronal cells.” In particular, mast cells (within the central nervous system and in the periphery) and microglia (at spinal and supraspinal level) are involved in this control, through a close functional relationship between them and neurons (either centrally, spinal, or peripherally located). Accordingly, neuroinflammation becomes a worsening factor in many disorders whenever the non-neuronal cell supervision is inadequate. It has been shown that the regulation of non-neuronal cells—and therefore the control of neuroinflammation—depends on the local “on demand” synthesis of the endogenous lipid amide Palmitoylethanolamide and related endocannabinoids. When the balance between synthesis and degradation of this bioactive lipid mediator is disrupted in favor of reduced synthesis and/or increased degradation, the behavior of non-neuronal cells may not be appropriately regulated and neuroinflammation exceeds the physiological boundaries. In these conditions, it has been demonstrated that the increase of endogenous Palmitoylethanolamide—either by decreasing its degradation or exogenous administration—is able to keep neuroinflammation within its physiological limits. In this review the large number of studies on the benefits derived from oral administration of micronized and highly bioavailable forms of Palmitoylethanolamide is discussed, with special reference to neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
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Cao Z, Zhou J, Long Z, Li Y, Sun J, Luo Y, Wang W. Targeting nerve growth factor, a new option for treatment of osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of comparative efficacy and safety with traditional drugs. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1051-1070. [PMID: 33293475 PMCID: PMC7835067 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly population. Most guidelines recommend the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids for the non-operative treatment of OA. Monoclonal nerve growth factor (NGF) antibodies are new drugs with the potential to provide pain relief and functional improvement in OA. We compared the efficacy (pain reduction and functional improvement), and safety of monoclonal NGF antibodies with NSAIDs and opioids in the treatment of OA with a Bayesian network meta-analysis. RESULTS 38 articles, comprising 41 trials and 20489 patients with OA were included. Overall from the network meta-analysis, anti-NGFs were the most effective drugs for pain relief (Standardized Mean Difference or SMD compared with placebo 4.25, 95% CI 2.87 to 5.63, Surface Under the Cumulative RAnking curve or SUCRA=93.7%) and for functional improvement (SMD 4.90, 95% CI 3.46 to 6.33, SUCRA=98.3%). Although anti-NGFs were associated with higher risk of peripheral sensation abnormality (paresthesia and pruritus), they were not associated with higher risk of other AEs (headaches and nausea) or with higher withdrawal rates related to AEs. CONCLUSIONS Monoclonal NGF antibodies provide significantly greater pain relief and functional improvement in OA compared to NSAIDs and opioids. Monoclonal NGF antibodies are not associated with severe AEs. More studies are needed to confirm these findings. METHODS PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies (OA treated with anti-NGFs, opioids, selective COX-2 inhibitors or NSAIDs) published between January 1999 to January 2020. Bayesian network and conventional meta-analyses were conducted. Pain relief, functional improvement and AEs were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeling Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingquan Luo
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lobentanzer S, Hanin G, Klein J, Soreq H. Integrative Transcriptomics Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Control of the Cholinergic/Neurokine Interface in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Cell Rep 2020; 29:764-777.e5. [PMID: 31618642 PMCID: PMC6899527 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing analyses are often limited to identifying lowest p value transcripts, which does not address polygenic phenomena. To overcome this limitation, we developed an integrative approach that combines large-scale transcriptomic meta-analysis of patient brain tissues with single-cell sequencing data of CNS neurons, short RNA sequencing of human male- and female-originating cell lines, and connectomics of transcription factor and microRNA interactions with perturbed transcripts. We used this pipeline to analyze cortical transcripts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Although these pathologies show massive transcriptional parallels, their clinically well-known sexual dimorphisms remain unexplained. Our method reveals the differences between afflicted men and women and identifies disease-affected pathways of cholinergic transmission and gp130-family neurokine controllers of immune function interlinked by microRNAs. This approach may open additional perspectives for seeking biomarkers and therapeutic targets in other transmitter systems and diseases. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal a unique profile of cortical cholinergic neurons Female- and male-derived cells show distinct neurokine-induced miRNA responses Differentially enriched microRNA families constitute a self-organizing network Integrative analysis identifies mir-10/mir-199 regulators of cholinergic function
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lobentanzer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Geula Hanin
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and the Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and the Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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Sacchetti M, Bruscolini A, Lambiase A. Neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor in ocular allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:510-6. [PMID: 31145195 DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During allergic reaction, nervous and immune systems mutually interact through release of mediators, including neurotrophic factors and nerve growth factor (NGF). These mediators modulate allergic reaction through binding their receptors expressed by immune and structural cells and by stimulating neuropeptide release by nerves. The role of neuropeptides and NGF has been demonstrated in allergic asthma and rhinitis, and, to a lesser extent, in allergic conjunctivitis. The aim of this review are to elucidate the evidence of the role of NGF and neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of allergic conjunctivitis. RECENT FINDINGS NGF modulates allergic reaction by stimulating release of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides by immune and structural cells and nerve endings at the site of inflammation. Evidence showed that local and systemic NGF levels increase in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, including allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. We recently described an increase of conjunctival p75NTR expression in patients with allergic rhinoconjuncivitis, and an increase of tear levels of NGF after conjunctival provocation test with allergen. SUMMARY NGF modulates ocular allergic reaction. Increasing understanding of the role of neuropeptides in allergic conjunctivitis may pave the way to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and improvement of patients' management.
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D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. ALIAmides Update: Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Formulations on Management of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155330. [PMID: 32727084 PMCID: PMC7432736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system and it remains largely difficult to treat. Peripheral neuropathic pain originates from injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and manifests as a series of symptoms and complications, including allodynia and hyperalgesia. The aim of this review is to discuss a novel approach on neuropathic pain management, which is based on the knowledge of processes that underlie the development of peripheral neuropathic pain; in particular highlights the role of glia and mast cells in pain and neuroinflammation. ALIAmides (autacoid local injury antagonist amides) represent a group of endogenous bioactive lipids, including palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which play a central role in numerous biological processes, including pain, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. These compounds are emerging thanks to their anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects, due to the down-regulation of activation of mast cells. Collectively, preclinical and clinical studies support the idea that ALIAmides merit further consideration as therapeutic approach for controlling inflammatory responses, pain, and related peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-90-6765208
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
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Huang C, Kogure M, Tomata Y, Sugawara Y, Hozawa A, Momma H, Tsuji I, Nagatomi R. Association of serum adiponectin levels and body mass index with worsening depressive symptoms in elderly individuals: a 10-year longitudinal study. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:725-731. [PMID: 30884953 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1584877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Data regarding the association between adiponectin levels and body mass index (BMI) and long-term changes in depressive symptoms are limited and inconsistent. Thus, we investigated whether circulating adiponectin levels and BMI were independently and combinedly correlated to longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms.Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 269 elderly Japanese individuals aged ≥70 years who participated in the Tsurugaya Project conducted between 2002 and 2012. A short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depressive status. Serum adiponectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. BMI was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m2).Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with changes in GDS scores (β = 0.14, P = 0.035). However, no association was observed after adjusting for BMI (β = 0.09, P = 0.185). Low BMI was associated with increased GDS scores at the 10-year follow-up (β = -0.14, P = 0.033). Participants with a combination of high adiponectin levels and low BMI had a 3.3-fold higher risk of worsening depressive symptoms than those with low adiponectin levels and high BMI (odds ratio: 3.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.60-7.00; P = 0.001).Conclusions: This longitudinal study indicated that high serum adiponectin levels and low BMI were both associated with worsening depressive symptoms among older Japanese individuals. Furthermore, the combination of high adiponectin levels and low BMI was associated with worsening depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku Universit, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku Universit, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Momma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Matrisciano F, Pinna G. PPAR and functional foods: Rationale for natural neurosteroid-based interventions for postpartum depression. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 12:100222. [PMID: 32426424 PMCID: PMC7226878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, a GABAergic neurosteroid and progesterone derivative, was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of PPD, including neuroendocrine dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter alterations, genetic and epigenetic modifications. Recent evidence highlights the higher risk for incidence of PPD in mothers exposed to unhealthy diets that negatively impact the microbiome composition and increase inflammation, all effects that are strongly correlated with mood disorders. Conversely, healthy diets have consistently been reported to decrease the risk of peripartum depression and to protect the body and brain against low-grade systemic chronic inflammation. Several bioactive micronutrients found in the so-called functional foods have been shown to play a relevant role in preventing neuroinflammation and depression, such as vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids and flavonoids. An intriguing molecular substrate linking functional foods with improvement of mood disorders may be represented by the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, which can regulate allopregnanolone biosynthesis and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and thereby may reduce inflammation and elevate mood. Herein, we discuss the potential connection between functional foods and PPAR and their role in preventing neuroinflammation and symptoms of PPD through neurosteroid regulation. We suggest that healthy diets by targeting the PPAR-neurosteroid axis and thereby decreasing inflammation may offer a suitable functional strategy to prevent and safely alleviate mood symptoms during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Matrisciano
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
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Papetti L, Sforza G, Tullo G, Alaimo di Loro P, Moavero R, Ursitti F, Ferilli MAN, Tarantino S, Vigevano F, Valeriani M. Tolerability of Palmitoylethanolamide in a Pediatric Population Suffering from Migraine: A Pilot Study. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:3938640. [PMID: 32377286 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3938640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is emerging as a new therapeutic approach in pain and inflammatory conditions, and it has been evaluated in studies on various painful diseases. The aim of this open-label study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultramicronized PEA (umPEA) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Methods The study included 70 patients with mean age of 10.3 ± 2.7 (24.5% M and 75.5% F). All patients had a diagnosis of migraine without aura (ICHD 3 criteria) and received umPEA (600 mg/day orally) for three months. We compared the attack frequency (AF) and attack intensity at baseline and after three months. Patients were asked to classify the intensity of the attack with a value ranging from 1 to 3, where 1 means mild attack, 2 moderate, and 3 severe attack. Results Nine patients discontinued treatment before the target time of 12 weeks. After 3 months of treatment with umPEA, the headache frequency was reduced by >50% per month in 63.9% patients. The number of monthly attacks at T1 decreased significantly compared with the baseline assessment (from 13.9 ± 7.5 SD of T0 to 6.5 ± 5.9 SD of T1; p < 0.001). The mean intensity of the attacks dropped from 1.67 ± 0.6 (T0) to 1.16 ± 0.5 (T1) (p < 0.001), and the percentage of patients with severe attacks decreased after treatment (from 8.2% to 1.6%; p < 0.05). The monthly assumptions of drugs for the attack reduced from 9.5 ± 4.4 to 4.9 ± 2.5 (p < 0.001). Only one patient developed mild side effects (nausea and floating). Conclusions Our preliminary data show that umPEA administered for three month reduces pain intensity and the number of attacks per month in pediatric patients with migraine. Although the small number of patients and the lack of control group do not allow us to consider these initial results as definitely reliable, they encourage us to expand the sample.
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Pondeljak N, Lugović-Mihić L. Stress-induced Interaction of Skin Immune Cells, Hormones, and Neurotransmitters. Clin Ther 2020; 42:757-770. [PMID: 32276734 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although scientific articles mention the impact of psychological stress on skin diseases, few review the latest research on factors involved in this correlation. The skin actively responds to psychological stress, with involvement of skin immune cells, hormones, neurotransmitters. Skin immune cells actively regulate tissue inflammation with their proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Stress-induced skin reactions primarily include cytokine secretion (e.g. interleukin-6, interleukin-1, interferon-γ) and activation of skins peripheral corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-corticosteroids axis, which leads to acute/chronic secretion of corticosteroids in the skin. METHODS This narrative review presents the current knowledge and latest findings regarding the impact of psychological stress on skin diseases, including information concerning psychoneuroimmune factors in stress-induced skin responses. Recent articles published in English available through the PubMed database and other prominent literature are discussed. FINDINGS Stress mediators, including cortisol, ACTH, and CRH from hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, induce various skin immune responses. Skin cells themselves can secrete these hormones and participate in skin inflammation. Thus, the local skin CRH-POMC-ACTH-corticosteroids axis plays a prominent role in stress-induced responses. Also, keratinocytes and fibroblasts produce hypothalamic and pituitary signal peptides and express receptors for them (CRH with receptors and POMC degradation peptides with melanocortin receptors), which allows them to respond to CRH by activating the POMC gene, which is then followed by ACTH and subsequently corticosteroids excretion. In addition, keratinocytes can express receptors for neurotransmitters (e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine), neurotrophins, and neuropeptides (e.g. substance P, nerve growth factor), which are important in linking psychoneuroimmunologic mechanisms. IMPLICATIONS Psychoneuroimmunology provides an understanding that the skin is target and source of stress mediators. This locally expressed complex stress-induced network has been confirmed as active in many skin diseases (e.g. vulgar psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, human papillomavirus infections/warts, hair loss, acne). Skin reactions to stress and its influence on skin diseases may have implications for disease severity and exacerbation frequency, given the effect of locally secreted corticosteroids and other mediators that affect skin integrity, inflammation, and healing potential. Studies have also shown that introducing psychiatric treatment (drugs or psychotherapeutic methods) can have positive effects on dermatologic diseases influenced by psychological stress exposure. We hope this review provides clinicians and scientists with more complete background for further research in this field of skin psychoneuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pondeljak
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Spaterna A, Dalle Vedove E, Bachetti B, Massimini M, Di Pierro F, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M. Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Canine Dermatological Disorders. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E38. [PMID: 32260299 PMCID: PMC7355824 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements, also known as complementary feeds, are products administered with the aim of furnishing health benefits, regardless of nutritional needs. They have been used since ancient times in veterinary dermatology, and a number of studies have focused on investigating the health benefits of some ingredients found in commercially available complementary feed for dogs. The aim of this paper is to review the literature available on the use of nutritional supplementation for the management of canine skin diseases, critically appraising the clinical efficacy of such interventions and summarizing the current state of knowledge. This review highlights how these feeds can be considered useful in the management of dermatological disorders and outlines their beneficial effects in the prevention of dietary deficiencies and treatment of diseases, alone, or in addition to conventional pharmacological therapy. In recent years, nutritional supplements have found increasing potential application in veterinary medicine, and the scientific proofs of their beneficial effects are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Dalle Vedove
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Benedetta Bachetti
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcella Massimini
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
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