1
|
Stridh S, Palm F, Takahashi T, Ikegami-Kawai M, Friederich-Persson M, Hansell P. Hyaluronan Production by Renomedullary Interstitial Cells: Influence of Endothelin, Angiotensin II and Vasopressin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122701. [PMID: 29236055 PMCID: PMC5751302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of hyaluronan (HA) in the interstitium of the renal medulla changes in relation to body hydration status. We investigated if hormones of central importance for body fluid homeostasis affect HA production by renomedullary interstitial cells in culture (RMICs). Simultaneous treatment with vasopressin and angiotensin II (Ang II) reduced HA by 69%. No change occurred in the mRNA expressions of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) or hyaluronidases (Hyals), while Hyal activity in the supernatant increased by 67% and CD44 expression reduced by 42%. The autocoid endothelin (ET-1) at low concentrations (10−10 and 10−8 M) increased HA 3-fold. On the contrary, at a high concentration (10−6 M) ET-1 reduced HA by 47%. The ET-A receptor antagonist BQ123 not only reversed the reducing effect of high ET-1 on HA, but elevated it to the same level as low concentration ET-1, suggesting separate regulating roles for ET-A and ET-B receptors. This was corroborated by the addition of ET-B receptor antagonist BQ788 to low concentration ET-1, which abolished the HA increase. HAS2 and Hyal2 mRNA did not alter, while Hyal1 mRNA was increased at all ET-1 concentrations tested. Hyal activity was elevated the most by high ET-1 concentration, and blockade of ET-A receptors by BQ123 prevented about 30% of this response. The present study demonstrates an important regulatory influence of hormones involved in body fluid balance on HA handling by RMICs, thereby supporting the concept of a dynamic involvement of interstitial HA in renal fluid handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stridh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (T.T.); (M.I.-K.)
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (T.T.); (M.I.-K.)
| | - Malou Friederich-Persson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
| | - Peter Hansell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-184-714-130
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Wu F, Zhang K, He Z, Zou D, Luo X, Fan Y, Yang P, Zhao A, Huang N. Controlling Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid Conjugated on Amine-rich Surface: Toward Better Multifunctional Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Implants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30343-30358. [PMID: 28836435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular weights (MWs) of hyaluronic acid (HA) in extracellular matrix secreted from both vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play crucial roles in the cardiovascular physiology, as HA with appropriate MW influences important pathways of cardiovascular homeostasis, inhibits VSMC synthetic phenotype change and proliferation, inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, promotes endothelial monolayer repair and functionalization, and prevents inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this study, HA samples with gradients of MW (4 × 103, 1 × 105, and 5 × 105 Da) were prepared by covalent conjugation to a copolymerized film of polydopamine and hexamethylendiamine (PDA/HD) as multifunctional coatings (PDA/HD-HA) with potential to improve the biocompatibility of cardiovascular biomaterials. The coatings immobilized with high-MW-HA (PDA/HD-HA-2: 1 × 105 Da; PDA/HD-HA-3: 5 × 105 Da) exhibited a remarkable suppression of platelet activation/aggregation and thrombosis under 15 dyn/cm2 blood flow and simultaneously suppressed the adhesion and proliferation of VSMC and the adhesion, activation, and inflammatory cytokine release of macrophages. In particular, PDA/HD-HA-2 significantly enhanced VEC adhesion, proliferation, migration, and functional factors release, as well as the captured number of endothelial progenitor cells under dynamic condition. The in vivo results indicated that the multifunctional surface (PDA/HD-HA-2) created a favorable microenvironment of endothelial monolayer formation and functionalization for promoting reendothelialization and reducing restenosis of cardiovascular biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , 40 University Road, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zikun He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Olfactory dysfunction in acute rhinosinusitis: intranasal sodium hyaluronate as adjuvant treatment. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:803-808. [PMID: 27568351 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is defined as an inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses and affects 1-5 % of general population in Europe. Sinonasal diseases represent the main cause of smell alterations in adult patients and lead to mucosal congestion, increased quantity and density of secretions and altered mucociliary transport. For this reason the odorous molecules contained in the inspired air, cannot interact with the olfactory epithelium. Medical therapy of ARS has to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms and prevent complications. Recent studies have shown that Sodium hyaluronate modulate inflammation and has a reparative effect on the nasal mucosa. 48 patients affected by acute rhinosinusitis proven by CT scan, were enrolled. They were submitted to nasal endoscopy, olfactometric and mucociliary transport evaluation (MCTt), Visual Analogue Scale Questionnaire (VAS) at T0, after 14-18 days (T1) and after 30-35 days (T2). The patients were randomized into two treatment groups, A and B, and were treated for 30 days; each group was composed of 24 subjects. All patients received Levofloxacin (500 mg for 10 days) and Prednisone (50 mg for 8 days, 25 mg for 4 days and 12, 5 mg for 4 days). Moreover, Group A received twice a day for 30 days high molecular weight Sodium Hyaluronate (3 %) plus saline solution (3 mL sodium chloride-NaCl-0.9 %) using a nebulizer ampoule for nasal douche. Group B received twice a day for 30 days saline solution (6 mL sodium chloride-NaCl-0.9 %) using a nebulizer ampoule for nasal douche. At T1 Group A shown lower values in MCTt and threshold score was significantly higher than in Group B. VAS showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, in particular for smell, nasal obstruction and for nasal discharge. At T2 Group A MCTt was significantly lower than in Group B; odour threshold improved in both groups but in Group A was still significantly higher than in Group B. No statistical differences between two groups regarding odour discrimination and odour identification were confirmed at T1 and T2. VASy score showed statistically significant differences between the two groups only for nasal discharge.
Collapse
|
4
|
Casale M, Vella P, Moffa A, Oliveto G, Sabatino L, Grimaldi V, Ferrara P, Salvinelli F. Hyaluronic acid and upper airway inflammation in pediatric population: A systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 85:22-6. [PMID: 27240491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory disease of upper airway in pediatric population represents a social problem for both the pharmaco-economic impact and a burden for the family. To date, the use of topical therapies represents a significant therapeutic progress because they are able to reduce mucosal inflammation and improve tissue healing. Topical Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a promising molecule that has been recently proposed as adjuvant treatment in the inflammatory disease of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) infections. AIMS The aim of our work was to review the published literature regarding all the potential therapeutic effects of HA in the inflammatory disease of upper airway in pediatric population and evaluate the effectiveness of HA, alone or in combination, in children affected by cystic fibrosis. METHODS Relevant published studies about use of HA in UADT in pediatrics were searched in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid using various keywords with no limit for the year of publication. Studies based on the use of HA with nasal packing and with invasive administration of HA were excluded. RESULTS At the end of our selection process, four publications have been included: one of them in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, one of them in children with bacterial acute rhinopharyngitis, two of them in children affected by cystic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Topical administration of HA plays a pivotal role in all the children suffering from UADT inflammatory disease, and positive results are generally observed in children with cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Casale
- Unit of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Vella
- Unit of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Moffa
- Unit of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Unit of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sabatino
- Unit of Otolaryngology University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Ferrara
- Unit of Pediatry, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macchi A, Castelnuovo P, Terranova P, Digilio E. Effects of sodium hyaluronate in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections: results of a randomised controlled study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:127-35. [PMID: 23527715 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is a major component of many extracellular matrices that plays a role in the regulation of vasomotor tone and mucous gland secretion, and in the modulation of the inflammatory process in upper and lower airways. This pilot study was aimed at evaluating the effects of nasal washes with 9 mg nebulised sodium hyaluronate given for 15 days per month over 3 months in 75 paediatric patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Eligible patients were randomized to treatment with nasal washes containing 9 mg sodium hyaluronate plus saline solution or saline alone, according to an open-label, parallel group design, with blind observer assessment. Ciliary motility, which was assessed based on a 0-3 point rating scale (0 = absent, 1 = less than 5 minutes, 2 = greater than or equal to 5 and ≤ 10 minutes, 3 = greater than 10 minutes) was the primary study endpoint. The secondary efficacy variables included cytological (presence of neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells), microbiological (presence of bacteria and mycetes), endoscopical (presence of adenoid hypertrophy and biofilm) and clinical (presence of rhinitis, post-nasal drip, nasal dyspnoea) parameters. The two treatment groups (mean age 7.5 years, 53percent of males) were comparable for baseline data, except a higher mean age in the control group than in the treated group. Treatment with 9 mg sodium hyaluronate was associated with significantly greater improvements (p less than 0.001 between groups) in primary outcome ciliary motility [odds ratio (OR) 13.61; 95 percent CI 4.51-41.00 in the univariate regression analysis that examined the probability of improvement]. Treatment with 9 mg sodium hyaluronate was also significantly superior to saline alone in adenoid hypertrophy (p less than 0.001; OR 14.72; 95 percent CI 4.74-45.68), presence of bacteria (p = 0.026; OR 2.95; 95 percent CI 1.15-7.55), neutrophils (p = 0.002; OR 4.51; 95 percent CI 1.75-11.62), rhinitis (p = 0.040; OR 10.47; 95 percent CI 3.10-35.31), nasal dyspnoea (p = 0.047; OR 3.80; 95 percent CI 1.09-13.19) and biofilm (p = 0.049; OR 9.90; 95 percent CI 2.61-37.47). Advantages of 9 mg of sodium hyaluronate over control on post-nasal drip and presence of mycetes (although evident) did not reach the level of statistical significance. The superiority of the treated group over saline alone was confirmed in a multivariate logistic regression analysis that took into account age as confounding factor. The number of days of absence from school was significantly lower in the 9 mg sodium hyaluronate group compared to controls (p less than 0.001 between groups). A 3-month intermittent treatment with 9 mg sodium hyaluronate with nasal washes plus saline solution was associated with significant improvements in ciliary motility and in cytological, microbiological, endoscopic and clinical outcomes compared to saline, in children with recurrent URTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Macchi
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gelardi M, Iannuzzi L, Quaranta N. Intranasal sodium hyaluronate on the nasal cytology of patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 3:807-13. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gelardi
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Lucia Iannuzzi
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Section of Otolaryngology; Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari; Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solini A, Santini E, Madec S, Cuccato S, Ferrannini E. Effects of endothelin-1 on fibroblasts from type 2 diabetic patients: Possible role in wound healing and tissue repair. Growth Factors 2007; 25:392-9. [PMID: 18365870 DOI: 10.1080/08977190801892341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) promotes the contractile ability of fibroblasts, essential for wound closure and reconstitution of the dermis. Wound healing is impaired in type 2 diabetic patients (D). We compared the effect of ET-1 on proliferative transforming growth factor (TGFbeta(1)) expression, fibronectin and laminin release), differentiative [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression] and inflammatory [monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression] responses in skin fibroblasts of healthy subjects (C) and D, testing the relative role of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in mediating these responses. ET-1 did not influence TGFbeta(1), fibronectin or laminin production. alpha-SMA was more abundant and more stimulated in D, as well as MCP-1 and IL-6 expression and release. These effects were prevented by BMS-182874, selective antagonist of ET(A), more abundant than ET(B) in both cell strains and whose expression rose more in D than C upon stimulation with ET-1. This peculiar pattern of responses to ET-1, presumably acquired during the chronic in vivo exposure to hyperglycemia along the natural history of the disease, may partially explain the increased susceptibility of D to chronic ulcerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Massie JB, Schimizzi AL, Huang B, Kim CW, Garfin SR, Akeson WH. Topical high molecular weight hyaluronan reduces radicular pain post laminectomy in a rat model. Spine J 2005; 5:494-502. [PMID: 16153575 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT A controversy exists about the mechanism of causation of the post-laminectomy pain syndrome. Some believe that epidural scarring, and attendant spinal nerve and nerve root scarring and tethering to the disc or pedicle at the site of surgery contributes to post-laminectomy pain in such patients. However, clinical outcome studies on this question are inconclusive and the assertion remains controversial. Definitive studies to help resolve the question are needed. Previously our laboratory has reported on a preclinical post-laminectomy model that mimics the postoperative proliferative fibrotic response grossly, as well as by biochemical assessment of the collagen content within the spinal canal. The post-laminectomy fibrotic response was attenuated in that study by application of a topical antifibrotic (high molecular weight hyaluronan gel) or by insertion of an absorbable roofing barrier (0.2-mm-thick Macropore sheet material) over the laminectomy defect before wound closure. The question remains of relevance of the attenuation of the fibrotic response to post-laminectomy chronic pain syndromes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of therapeutic attenuation of proliferative scar within the spinal canal post laminectomy on the pain-related behavioral response in a preclinical rat model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING An established L5-L6 rat laminectomy model with a unilateral L5-6 disc injury was employed to assess postoperative proliferative fibrosis of the L5 spinal nerves using quantitative biochemical hydroxyproline assessment of the collagen content in four experimental groups. These observations were correlated with gross descriptions of spinal nerve scarring or tethering. Associated manifestations of a sensory pain-related response in the L5 spinal nerve receptor area of the hind paws was studied using standard tactile allodynia assessment with the von Frey hair technique. The tactile allodynia findings were supplemented by weekly descriptors of behavioral pain manifestations. METHODS Bilateral laminectomies at L5 and L6 and a unilateral right disc injury (L5-6) were performed on 35 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 400+ grams (approved by the VA Institutional Animal Care Use Committee). The study consisted of four groups: 1) normal nonoperative control; 2) a sham-operated group; 3) an untreated laminectomy-disc injury group; and 4) a laminectomy-disc injury treatment group in which 0.1 cc topical high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW HA) gel was layered over the dura and into the laminectomy canal before closure. Before animals were entered into the study, they were checked for the presence of abnormal response to the tactile testing procedure of the L5 sensory receptor area. Animals exhibiting anomalous responses were excluded from the study. Behavioral testing for tactile allodynia was performed at weekly intervals post laminectomy beginning at 3 weeks. Pain-related behavior was characterized at weekly intervals. A behavioral test cage with a wire mesh floor allowed for tactile allodynia testing. Graduated von Frey hairs whose stiffness increased logarithmically from 0.41 to 15 g were used for tactile allodynia tests. The animals were killed 8 weeks postoperatively for analysis. The dissected spinal nerve and nerve root specimens were studied biochemically for hydroxyproline content to estimate total collagen in and around the L5 neural structures. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance and a Fisher comparison t test. RESULTS The major observations on the untreated preclinical post-laminectomy rat model previously described by this laboratory were confirmed. All untreated animals developed a tail contracture concave toward the right (disc injury side) consistent with asymmetrical lumbar muscle spasm. Only one animal in the HA gel treatment group had a tail contracture. It was of mild degree and occurred in an animal that demonstrated slightly increased right L5 tactile sensitivity. Gross inspection of the dissected specimens demonstrated spinal nerve scarring and tethering to the disc and pedicle greater on the right than the left in untreated animals, findings that were markedly reduced in the treatment group. Collagen content of the L5 spinal nerve and nerve roots with attached scar were significantly lower in the HA gel treatment group than in the untreated laminectomy group (p=.0014). Pain behavioral testing of the L5 receptor area of the right hind paw in the untreated laminectomy group showed markedly increased sensitivity to tactile allodynia testing compared with the corresponding limb of the control group (p=.0001), to the corresponding limb of the sham group (p=.0001), and compared with the HMW HA gel treatment group (p=.0010). Comparisons of the pain behavioral data between the sham and the post-laminectomy HA gel treatment group and the control animals lacked statistical significance. CONCLUSION This study supports the concept of a relationship between perineural fibrosis and radicular neuropathy in the model described, and emphasizes the role of disc injury and spinal nerve retraction in the post-laminectomy fibrotic process. Furthermore, it shows promise for preliminary assessment of interventions with other anti-inflammatory agents, for characterization of the neurochemical profile of the post-laminectomy pain state, and for exploration of newer pharmaceutical agents potentially useful in the prevention or management of the post-laminectomy syndrome. Post-laminectomy scar is but one of many potential causes of the post-laminectomy pain syndrome. Furthermore, a cautionary note must be emphasized as in all studies using preclinical models, conclusions drawn from the studies cannot be extended directly to patients without confirmatory clinical follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Massie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Veterans Administration San Diego Health Care System and University of California, San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hellström M, Engström-Laurent A, Hellström S. Expression of the CD44 Receptor in the Blood Vessel System: An Experimental Study in Rat. Cells Tissues Organs 2005; 179:102-8. [PMID: 15947460 DOI: 10.1159/000085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD44 receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on a variety of cells like endothelial, epithelial and smooth muscle cells. This molecule has many important functions, e.g. in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and signal transduction. The main ligand for CD44 is hyaluronan (HYA). HYA is a glycosaminoglycan with structural and cell biological properties. The localization of HYA in the vessel wall of arteries and veins in the healthy adult and newborn rat has been described earlier. In this study the occurrence of the CD44 receptor was investigated in the same vessels and compared to the localization of HYA. Both CD44 and its ligand showed an increased expression in the vessel wall of newborn rats compared to that of adult rats. Although HYA is abundant in the adventitia of adult rats, virtually no expression of CD44 was observed. Our results indicate that the CD44 receptor expression is increased during the stage of maturation of the vessel tree whereas the CD44 receptor is less needed by HYA in the healthy vessel wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hellström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sheehan KM, DeLott LB, Day SM, DeHeer DH. Hyalgan has a dose-dependent differential effect on macrophage proliferation and cell death. J Orthop Res 2003; 21:744-51. [PMID: 12798077 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(03)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intra-articular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has been reported to be an effective treatment for pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. However, the mechanism by which HA exerts its effect is unknown. To explore HA's influence on the growth of U937 human macrophages, cells were incubated for 168 h with three concentrations, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL, of Hyalgan, a high molecular weight HA preparation. At 24-h increments, the cells were examined for proliferation, cell cycle distribution as well as the number of apoptotic and dead cells. Exposing macrophages to 1 mg/mL Hyalgan significantly reduced the rate of cellular proliferation and altered the cell cycle distribution to yield decreased proportions of G0/G1 cells but increased S and G2/M cells. Concomitantly, a 10-fold increase in apoptotic cells and a 12-fold increase in dead cells were observed. The population doubling time (PDT) for cells treated with 1.0 mg/mL Hyalgan increased from 23.6 to 52.9 h. By contrast, the two lower Hyalgan concentrations significantly promoted macrophage proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also increased the proportion of G2/M cells, but had no effect on the number of apoptotic or dead cells. The PDTs of 21.5 and 22.2 h were less than the control time of 23.6 h. These results demonstrate that Hyalgan concentrations have a differential effect on macrophage growth dynamics and suggest an anti-inflammatory effect at high HA concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Sheehan
- Calvin College, Department of Biology, S.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Karvinen S, Kosma VM, Tammi MI, Tammi R. Hyaluronan, CD44 and versican in epidermal keratinocyte tumours. Br J Dermatol 2003; 148:86-94. [PMID: 12534600 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high molecular weight polysaccharide hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix between the vital cells of human skin epidermis. The levels of hyaluronan, and those of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and the hyaluronan binding proteoglycan versican, correlate with the aggressiveness of different human carcinomas of epithelial origin. OBJECTIVES To study skin keratinocyte tumours for the expression of hyaluronan, the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and the hyaluronan binding proteoglycan versican. METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections of 114 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 31 in situ carcinomas (ISC) and 35 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were stained with a hyaluronan specific probe, biotinylated hyaluronan binding complex, and with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 and versican. RESULTS Compared with normal epidermis, ISC and well differentiated SCCs showed an enhanced hyaluronan signal on carcinoma cells while CD44 expression level resembled that of normal skin. Less differentiated SCCs showed reduced and irregular expression of both hyaluronan and CD44 on carcinoma cells. In BCCs, hyaluronan and CD44 signals were absent or very low on the surface of carcinoma cells. However, hyaluronan was frequently present on BCC cell nuclei, a feature completely absent in ISC, SCC and normal epidermis. An accumulation of hyaluronan in the connective tissue stroma around the tumour was more frequent in SCCs than BCCs. Versican staining was positive around hair follicles and dermal blood vessels of normal skin. Peritumoral versican signal was present in a part of the BCCs but not in other tumours. CONCLUSIONS The completely different hyaluronan and CD44 expression patterns in BCC and SCC probably reflect the different origins of the tumours, with BCC an undifferentiated keratinocyte and SCC a keratinocyte at an early stage in the differentiation pathway. The difference in hyaluronan and CD44 expression between these tumours may also contribute to the difference in their capacity to metastasize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Karvinen
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lazaar AL, Plotnick MI, Kucich U, Crichton I, Lotfi S, Das SKP, Kane S, Rosenbloom J, Panettieri RA, Schechter NM, Puré E. Mast cell chymase modifies cell-matrix interactions and inhibits mitogen-induced proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:1014-20. [PMID: 12097409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of chronic, severe asthma include prominent airway inflammation and airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypertrophy and hyperplasia. One of the factors that contribute to the injury and repair process within the airway is activation of proteases and turnover of extracellular matrix components. Mast cells, which are present in increased numbers in the asthmatic airway, are a rich source of the neutral protease chymase, which can degrade several basement membrane components. Recent data suggest that proteases also play a critical role in regulating the expression of CD44, the primary receptor for the matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. In this study we investigated the effects of chymase treatment on human ASM cell function. We found that chymase degraded the smooth muscle cell pericellular matrix. This was accompanied by an increased release of fibronectin and soluble CD44, but not soluble ICAM-1 or soluble hyaluronan, into the conditioned medium. In addition, chymase inhibited T cell adhesion to ASM and dramatically reduced epidermal growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation. These data suggest that the local release of mast cell chymase may have profound effects on ASM cell function and airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aili L Lazaar
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Endothelins are a family of peptides, which comprises endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2) and endothelin-3 (ET-3), each containing 21 amino-acids. ET-1 is a peptide secreted mostly by vascular endothelial cells, the predominant isoform expressed in vasculature and the most potent vasoconstrictor currently known. ET-1 also has inotropic, chemotactic and mitogenic properties. In addition, it influences salt and water homeostasis through its effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide and stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. The overall action of endothelin is to increase blood pressure and vascular tone. Therefore, endothelin antagonists may play an important role in the treatment of cardiac, vascular and renal diseases associated with regional or systemic vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, such as essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, chronic heart failure and chronic renal failure. Long-term anti-endothelin therapy may improve symptoms and favourably alter the progression of heart failure. Endothelin appears to participate in induction and progression of sclerotic renal changes, leading to progression to end-stage renal disease. Anti-endothelin therapy might offer additional benefits in the prevention of progression of chronic renal failure in addition to the known benefits of RAAS inhibition. Clinical trials have demonstrated potentially important benefits of endothelin antagonists for patients with essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of anti-endothelin therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and determine the different roles of selective receptor antagonism vs. mixed ET(A/B)-receptor antagonism in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Agapitov
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cuff CA, Kothapalli D, Azonobi I, Chun S, Zhang Y, Belkin R, Yeh C, Secreto A, Assoian RK, Rader DJ, Puré E. The adhesion receptor CD44 promotes atherosclerosis by mediating inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular cell activation. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:1031-40. [PMID: 11581304 PMCID: PMC200948 DOI: 10.1172/jci12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis causes most acute coronary syndromes and strokes. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis includes recruitment of inflammatory cells to the vessel wall and activation of vascular cells. CD44 is an adhesion protein expressed on inflammatory and vascular cells. CD44 supports the adhesion of activated lymphocytes to endothelium and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, ligation of CD44 induces activation of both inflammatory and vascular cells. To assess the potential contribution of CD44 to atherosclerosis, we bred CD44-null mice to atherosclerosis-prone apoE-deficient mice. We found a 50-70% reduction in aortic lesions in CD44-null mice compared with CD44 heterozygote and wild-type littermates. We demonstrate that CD44 promotes the recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, we show that CD44 is required for phenotypic dedifferentiation of medial smooth muscle cells to the "synthetic" state as measured by expression of VCAM-1. Finally, we demonstrate that hyaluronan, the principal ligand for CD44, is upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-deficient mice and that the low-molecular-weight proinflammatory forms of hyaluronan stimulate VCAM-1 expression and proliferation of cultured primary aortic smooth muscle cells, whereas high-molecular-weight forms of hyaluronan inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. We conclude that CD44 plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Cuff
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cuff CA, Kothapalli D, Azonobi I, Chun S, Zhang Y, Belkin R, Yeh C, Secreto A, Assoian RK, Rader DJ, Puré E. The adhesion receptor CD44 promotes atherosclerosis by mediating inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular cell activation. J Clin Invest 2001. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|