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Blanchard Rohner G, Chatzis O, Chinwangso P, Rohr M, Grillet S, Salomon C, Lemaître B, Boonrak P, Lawpoolsri S, Clutterbuck E, Poredi IK, Wijagkanalan W, Spiegel J, Pham HT, Viviani S, Siegrist CA. Boosting Teenagers With Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Containing Recombinant or Chemically Inactivated Pertussis Toxin: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1213-1222. [PMID: 30759183 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection induced by acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines is partial and short-lived, especially in teenagers, calling for novel immunization strategies. METHODS We conducted an investigator-driven proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial in aP-primed adolescents in Geneva to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a novel recombinant aP (r-aP) vaccine including recombinant pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) coadministered with tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td), compared to a licensed tetanus-diphtheria-aP vaccine containing chemically detoxified PT (cd/Tdap). The primary immunological endpoints were day 28/365 geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of total and neutralizing anti-PT antibodies. Memory B cells were assessed. RESULTS Sixty-two aP-primed adolescents were randomized and vaccinated with r-aP + Td or cd/Tdap. Reactogenicity, adverse events, and baseline GMCs were similar between the groups. Day 28 PT-neutralizing GMCs were low after cd/Tdap (73.91 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 49.88-109.52] IU/mL) and approximately 2-fold higher after r-aP + Td (127.68 [95% CI, 96.73-168.53] IU/mL; P = .0162). Anti-PT GMCs were also low after cd/Tdap (52.43 [95% CI, 36.41-75.50] IU/mL) and 2-fold higher after r-aP + Td (113.74 [95% CI, 88.31-146.50] IU/mL; P = .0006). Day 28 anti-FHA GMCs were similar in both groups. Day 365 anti-PT (but not PT-neutralizing) GMCs remained higher in r-aP + Td vaccinees. PT-specific memory B cells increased significantly after r-aP + Td but not cd/Tdap boosting. CONCLUSIONS Boosting aP-primed adolescents with r-aP induced higher anti-PT and PT-neutralizing responses than cd/Tdap and increased PT-specific memory B cells. Despite this superior immunogenicity, r-aP may have to be given repeatedly, earlier, and/or with novel adjuvants to exert an optimal influence in aP-primed subjects. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02946190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Blanchard Rohner
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Chatzis
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Rohr
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grillet
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Salomon
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva
| | - Barbara Lemaître
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pitchaya Boonrak
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elizabeth Clutterbuck
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva.,Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Pathology-Immunology, Medical Faculty and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
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Burdin N, Handy LK, Plotkin SA. What Is Wrong with Pertussis Vaccine Immunity? The Problem of Waning Effectiveness of Pertussis Vaccines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:a029454. [PMID: 28289064 PMCID: PMC5710106 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is resurgent in some countries, particularly those in which children receive acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in early infancy and boosters later in life. Immunologic studies show that, whereas whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines orient the immune system toward Th1/Th17 responses, acellular pertussis vaccines orient toward Th1/Th2 responses. Although aP vaccines do provide protection during the first years of life, the change in T-cell priming results in waning effectiveness of aP as early as 2-3 years post-boosters. Although other factors, such as increased virulence of pertussis strains, better diagnosis, and better surveillance may play a role, the increase in pertussis appears to be the result of waning immunity. In addition, studies in baboon models, requiring confirmation in humans, show that aP is less able to prevent nasopharyngeal colonization of Bordetella pertussis than wP or natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Burdin
- EU Research and Non Clinical Safety, R&D, Sanofi Pasteur, Campus Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Lori Kestenbaum Handy
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803
| | - Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902
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CD71 + erythroid suppressor cells impair adaptive immunity against Bordetella pertussis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7728. [PMID: 28798335 PMCID: PMC5552872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant’s immune system cannot control infection or respond to vaccination as efficiently as older individuals, a phenomenon that has been attributed to immunological immaturity. Recently, we challenged this notion and proposed the presence of actively immunosuppressive and physiologically enriched CD71+ erythroid cells in neonates. Here we utilized Bordetella pertussis, a common neonatal respiratory tract pathogen, as a proof of concept to investigate the role of these cells in adaptive immunity. We observed that CD71+ cells have distinctive immunosuppressive properties and prevent recruitment of immune cells to the mucosal site of infection. CD71+ cells ablation unleashed induction of B. pertussis-specific protective cytokines (IL-17 and IFN-γ) in the lungs and spleen upon re-infection or vaccination. We also found that CD71+ cells suppress systemic and mucosal B. pertussis-specific antibody responses. Enhanced antigen-specific adaptive immunity following CD71+ cells depletion increased resistance of mice to B. pertussis infection. Furthermore, we found that human cord blood CD71+ cells also suppress T and B cell functions in vitro. Collectively, these data provide important insight into the role of CD71+ erythroid cells in adaptive immunity. We anticipate our results will spark renewed investigation in modulating the function of these cells to enhance host defense to infections in newborns.
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Dunsmore G, Bozorgmehr N, Delyea C, Koleva P, Namdar A, Elahi S. Erythroid Suppressor Cells Compromise Neonatal Immune Response against Bordetella pertussis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2081-2095. [PMID: 28779022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Newborns are highly susceptible to infection. The underlying mechanism of neonatal infection susceptibility has generally been associated with neonatal immune cell immaturity. In this study, we challenged this notion and built upon our recent discovery that neonates are physiologically enriched with erythroid TER119+CD71+ cells (Elahi et al. 2013. Nature 504: 158-162). We have used Bordetella pertussis, a common neonatal respiratory tract infection, as a proof of concept to investigate the role of these cells in newborns. We found that CD71+ cells have distinctive immune-suppressive properties and suppress innate immune responses against B. pertussis infection. CD71+ cell ablation unleashed innate immune response and restored resistance to B. pertussis infection. In contrast, adoptive transfer of neonatal CD71+ cells into adult recipients impaired their innate immune response to B. pertussis infection. Enhanced innate immune response to B. pertussis was characterized by increased production of protective cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12, as well as recruitment of NK cells, CD11b+, and CD11c+ cells in the lung. Neonatal and human cord blood CD71+ cells express arginase II, and this enzymatic activity inhibits phagocytosis of B. pertussis in vitro. Thus, our study challenges the notion that neonatal infection susceptibility is due to immune cell-intrinsic defects and instead highlights active immune suppression mediated by abundant CD71+ cells in the newborn. Our findings provide additional support for the novel theme in neonatal immunology that immunosuppression is essential to dampen robust immune responses in the neonate. We anticipate that our results will spark renewed investigation in modulating the function of these cells and developing novel strategies for enhancing host defense to infections in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Cole Delyea
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Petya Koleva
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Elahi S, Van Kessel J, Kiros TG, Strom S, Hayakawa Y, Hyodo M, Babiuk LA, Gerdts V. c-di-GMP enhances protective innate immunity in a murine model of pertussis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109778. [PMID: 25333720 PMCID: PMC4198122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens in the respiratory tract. Innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and granulocytes contain specific pathogen-recognition molecules which induce the production of cytokines and subsequently activate the adaptive immune response. c-di-GMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that stimulates innate immunity and regulates biofilm formation, motility and virulence in a diverse range of bacterial species with potent immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, c-di-GMP was used to enhance the innate immune response against pertussis, a respiratory infection mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis. Intranasal treatment with c-di-GMP resulted in the induction of robust innate immune responses to infection with B. pertussis characterized by enhanced recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. The immune responses were associated with an earlier and more vigorous expression of Th1-type cytokines, as well as an increase in the induction of nitric oxide in the lungs of treated animals, resulting in significant reduction of bacterial numbers in the lungs of infected mice. These results demonstrate that c-di-GMP is a potent innate immune stimulatory molecule that can be used to enhance protection against bacterial respiratory infections. In addition, our data suggest that priming of the innate immune system by c-di-GMP could further skew the immune response towards a Th1 type phenotype during subsequent infection. Thus, our data suggest that c-di-GMP might be useful as an adjuvant for the next generation of acellular pertussis vaccine to mount a more protective Th1 phenotype immune response, and also in other systems where a Th1 type immune response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (SE); (VG)
| | - Jill Van Kessel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tedele G. Kiros
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan
| | - Lorne A. Babiuk
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (SE); (VG)
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Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Guadalupe I, Sandoval CA, Mitre E, Platts-Mills TAE, Barreto ML, Rodrigues LC, Strachan DP, Griffin GE. Impact of early life exposures to geohelminth infections on the development of vaccine immunity, allergic sensitization, and allergic inflammatory diseases in children living in tropical Ecuador: the ECUAVIDA birth cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:184. [PMID: 21714922 PMCID: PMC3141416 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Geohelminth infections are highly prevalent infectious diseases of childhood in many regions of the Tropics, and are associated with significant morbidity especially among pre-school and school-age children. There is growing concern that geohelminth infections, particularly exposures occurring during early life in utero through maternal infections or during infancy, may affect vaccine immunogenicity in populations among whom these infections are endemic. Further, the low prevalence of allergic disease in the rural Tropics has been attributed to the immune modulatory effects of these infections and there is concern that widespread use of anthelmintic treatment in high-risk groups may be associated with an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases. Because the most widely used vaccines are administered during the first year of life and the antecedents of allergic disease are considered to occur in early childhood, the present study has been designed to investigate the impact of early exposures to geohelminths on the development of protective immunity to vaccines, allergic sensitization, and allergic disease. Methods/Design A cohort of 2,403 neonates followed up to 8 years of age. Primary exposures are infections with geohelminth parasites during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first 2 years of life. Primary study outcomes are the development of protective immunity to common childhood vaccines (i.e. rotavirus, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Hepatitis B, tetanus toxoid, and oral poliovirus type 3) during the first 5 years of life, the development of eczema by 3 years of age, the development of allergen skin test reactivity at 5 years of age, and the development of asthma at 5 and 8 years of age. Potential immunological mechanisms by which geohelminth infections may affect the study outcomes will be investigated also. Discussion The study will provide information on the potential effects of early exposures to geohelminths (during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life) on the development of vaccine immunity and allergy. The data will inform an ongoing debate of potential effects of geohelminths on child health and will contribute to policy decisions on new interventions designed to improve vaccine immunogenicity and protect against the development of allergic diseases. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41239086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Cooper
- Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Wilson-Welder JH, Torres MP, Kipper MJ, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Vaccine adjuvants: current challenges and future approaches. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1278-316. [PMID: 18704954 PMCID: PMC8092333 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For humans, companion animals, and food producing animals, vaccination has been touted as the most successful medical intervention for the prevention of disease in the twentieth century. However, vaccination is not without problems. With the development of new and less reactogenic vaccine antigens, which take advantage of molecular recombinant technologies, also comes the need for more effective adjuvants that will facilitate the induction of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, current vaccine adjuvants are successful at generating humoral or antibody mediated protection but many diseases currently plaguing humans and animals, such as tuberculosis and malaria, require cell mediated immunity for adequate protection. A comprehensive discussion is presented of current vaccine adjuvants, their effects on the induction of immune responses, and vaccine adjuvants that have shown promise in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wilson-Welder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Mallapragada SK, Narasimhan B. Immunomodulatory biomaterials. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hurtado AM, Lambourne CA, James P, Hill K, Cheman K, Baca K. HUMAN RIGHTS, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES AMONG SOUTH AMERICAN INDIGENOUS GROUPS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efforts of international health agencies to reduce global health inequalities, indigenous populations around the world remain largely unaffected by such initiatives. This chapter reviews the biomedical literature indexed by the PubMed database published between 1963 and 2003 on South American indigenous populations, a total of 1864 studies that include 63,563 study participants. Some language family groupings are better represented than are others, and lowland groups are better represented than are highland groups. Very few studies focus on major health threats (e.g., tuberculosis, influenza), public health interventions, or mestizo-indigenous epidemiological comparisons. The prevalence rates of three frequently studied infections—parasitism, human T-cell lymphotropic viral infection (HTLV), and hepatitis—are extraordinarily high, but these facts have been overlooked by national and international health agencies. This review underscores the urgent need for interventions based on known disease prevalence rates to reduce the burden of infectious diseases in indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Magdalena Hurtado
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131;, , , ,
| | - Carol A. Lambourne
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131;, , , ,
| | - Paul James
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131;, , , ,
| | - Kim Hill
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131;, , , ,
| | - Karen Cheman
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724
| | - Keely Baca
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131;, , , ,
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Hellwig SM, van Spriel AB, Schellekens JF, Mooi FR, van de Winkel JG. Immunoglobulin A-mediated protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4846-50. [PMID: 11447159 PMCID: PMC98573 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.4846-4850.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, is followed by the production of antibodies of several isotypes, including immunoglobulin A (IgA). Little is known, however, about the role of IgA in immunity against pertussis. Therefore, we studied targeting of B. pertussis to the myeloid receptor for IgA, FcalphaRI (CD89), using either IgA purified from immune sera of pertussis patients or bispecific antibodies directed against B. pertussis and FcalphaRI (CD89 BsAb). Both IgA and CD89 BsAb facilitated FcalphaRI-mediated binding, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and PMNL originating from human FcalphaRI-transgenic mice. Importantly, FcalphaRI targeting resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance in lungs of transgenic mice. These data support the capacity of IgA to induce anti-B. pertussis effector functions via the myeloid IgA receptor, FcalphaRI. Increasing the amount of IgA antibodies induced by pertussis vaccines may result in higher vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hellwig
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Chemokines play well established roles as attractants of naïve and effector T cells. New studies indicate that chemokines also have roles in regulating T cell differentiation. Blocking Gi protein-coupled receptor signaling by pertussis toxin as well as deficiencies in G alpha 12, chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), CCR5, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, or MCP-1), CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, or MIP-1 alpha) and CCL5 (RANTES) have all been found to have effects on the magnitude and cytokine polarity of the T cell response. Here we focus on findings in the CCL2-CCR2 and CCL3-CCR5 ligand-receptor systems. The roles of these molecules in regulating T cell fate include possible indirect effects on antigen-presenting cells and direct effects on differentiating T cells. Models to account for the action of chemokines and G protein-coupled receptor signals in regulating T cell differentiation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Luther
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.
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Brok HP, Uccelli A, Kerlero De Rosbo N, Bontrop RE, Roccatagliata L, de Groot NG, Capello E, Laman JD, Nicolay K, Mancardi GL, Ben-Nun A, Hart BA. Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in common marmosets: the encephalitogenic T cell epitope pMOG24-36 is presented by a monomorphic MHC class II molecule. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:1093-101. [PMID: 10878388 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunization of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with a single dose of human myelin in CFA, without administration of Bordetella pertussis, induces a form of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) resembling in its clinical and pathological expression multiple sclerosis in humans. The EAE incidence in our outbred marmoset colony is 100%. This study was undertaken to assess the genetic and immunological basis of the high EAE susceptibility. To this end, we determined the separate contributions of immune reactions to myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and myelin basic protein to the EAE induction. Essentially all pathological features of myelin-induced EAE were also found in animals immunized with MOG in CFA, whereas in animals immunized with myelin basic protein in CFA clinical and pathological signs of EAE were lacking. The epitope recognition by anti-MOG Abs and T cells were assessed. Evidence is provided that the initiation of EAE is based on T and B cell activation by the encephalitogenic phMOG14-36 peptide in the context of monomorphic Caja-DRB*W1201 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Brok
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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He J, Gurunathan S, Iwasaki A, Ash-Shaheed B, Kelsall BL. Primary role for Gi protein signaling in the regulation of interleukin 12 production and the induction of T helper cell type 1 responses. J Exp Med 2000; 191:1605-10. [PMID: 10790434 PMCID: PMC2213427 DOI: 10.1084/jem.191.9.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the role of Gi protein signaling in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-12 production and T helper cell type 1 (Th1) T cell differentiation. In initial studies, we showed that treatment of normal mice with pertussis toxin (PT), which inhibits Gi protein signaling, enhanced the capacity of splenocytes to produce IL-12 in response to both microbial and nonmicrobial stimuli. In addition, PT treatment increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-10 by stimulated cells. These findings were corroborated by the fact that untreated Gi2alpha(2/-) mice exhibited enhanced production of IL-12 and TNF-alpha by splenocytes, and of IL-12 p40 by purified spleen CD8alpha(+) lymphoid dendritic cells. Finally, we showed that while normal BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major exhibited a nonhealing phenotype, those treated with PT when infection was initiated exhibited a healing phenotype along with an enhancement of leishmania-specific Th1 responses in draining lymph nodes. Further, healing was prevented by coadministration of anti-IL-12 and PT. These data demonstrate that endogenous Gi protein signaling has a primary role in the regulation of IL-12 production and the induction of Th1 responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping He
- Immune Cell Interaction Unit, Mucosal Immunity Section
| | - Sanjay Gurunathan
- Clinical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Immune Cell Interaction Unit, Mucosal Immunity Section
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