1
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Inaba M, Doi Y. Host stress hormone norepinephrine reduces in vitro activity of aminoglycoside against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024:dkae113. [PMID: 38635670 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Inaba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Central Japan International Medical Center, Mino-Kamo, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Liu P, Kang X, Chen X, Luo X, Li C, Wang G. Quercetin targets SarA of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to mitigate biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0272223. [PMID: 38018987 PMCID: PMC10783115 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02722-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anti-biofilm is an important strategy against Staphylococcus aureus chronic infection. SarA is a positive regulator of biofilm formation in S. aureus. In this study, we identified the SarA inhibitor quercetin using computer simulation screening. Previous studies have shown that quercetin inhibits biofilm; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study revealed the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the SarA protein. We also isolated the SarA protein and confirmed its interaction with quercetin in vitro. Besides, the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the transcription and translation levels of the SarA protein was also determined. The effects of quercetin on S. aureus biofilm inhibition and biofilm components were consistent with the changes in the transcription level of biofilm-related genes regulated by SarA. In summary, our study revealed the mechanism by which quercetin affects biofilm formation by inhibiting the transcriptional regulator SarA of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinyun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caixia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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3
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Li P, Pan J, Dong Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liao K, Chen Y, Deng X, Yu S, Hu H. Microenvironment responsive charge-switchable nanoparticles act on biofilm eradication and virulence inhibition for chronic lung infection treatment. J Control Release 2024; 365:219-235. [PMID: 37992874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common lung disease with high mortality, posing severe threats to public health. Highly resistant biofilm and intrinsic resistance make P. aeruginosa hard to eradicate, while powerful virulence system of P. aeruginosa may give rise to the recurrence of infection and eventual failure of antibiotic therapy. To address these issues, infection-microenvironment responsive nanoparticles functioning on biofilm eradication and virulence inhibition were simply prepared by electrostatic complexation between dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) modified negatively charged coating and epsilon-poly(l-lysine) derived cationic nanoparticles loaded with azithromycin (AZI) (DA-AZI NPs). Charge reversal responsive to acidic condition enabled DA-AZI NPs to successively penetrate through both mucus and biofilms, followed by targeting to P. aeruginosa and permeabilizing its outer/inner membrane. Then in situ released AZI, which was induced by the lipase-triggered NPs dissociation, could easily enter into bacteria to take effects. DA-AZI NPs exhibited enhanced eradication activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms with a decrease of >99.999% of bacterial colonies, as well as remarkable inhibitory effects on the production of virulence factors and bacteria re-adhesion & biofilm re-formation. In a chronic pulmonary infection model, nebulization of DA-AZI NPs into infected mice resulted in prolonged retention and increased accumulation of the NPs in the infected sites of the lungs. Moreover, they significantly reduced the burden of P. aeruginosa, effectively alleviating lung tissue damages and inflammation. Overall, the proposed DA-AZI NPs highlight an innovative strategy for treating chronic pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jieyi Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yating Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yalong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kang Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Shihui Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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4
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Haas B, James S, Parker AE, Gagnon MC, Goulet N, Labrie P. Comparison of quantification methods for an endoscope lumen biofilm model. Biofilm 2023; 6:100163. [PMID: 37941805 PMCID: PMC10630603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm has been implicated in multi-drug resistant organism outbreaks following endoscopic procedures. Automated Endoscope Reprocessors (AER) are devices validated to clean and disinfect endoscopes per applicable standards. The ISO 15883 part 4 standard guides performance testing validation of AERs, including cleaning performance using a biofilm test soil. The standard recommends assessment of biofilm reduction using protein or carbohydrate quantification methods. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of various quantification methods using the ISO biofilm model. The ISO 15883 part 5 biofilm test soil method was used to grow biofilm within lumens representative of endoscopes channels. The biofilm was then quantified using five methods: Crystal Violet (CV), Colony Forming Units (CFU), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), protein assay with Orthophtalaldehyde (OPA), and protein assay by micro bicinchoninic acid (μBCA). The five methods were statistically analyzed for their ability to assess biofilm reduction on samples accurately and precisely. In addition, the quantification methods were compared to demonstrate statistical equivalency, and thus their suitability for assessing biofilm cleaning performance testing of AERs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert E. Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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5
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Pippi B, Loreto ES, Merkel S, Joaquim AR, Krummenauer ME, Reginatto P, Vainstein MH, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM, Santurio JM, Zanette RA. Pythium insidiosum: insights into biofilm formation and antibiofilm activity of antifungal drugs. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2603-2607. [PMID: 37702922 PMCID: PMC10689302 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the ability of Pythium insidiosum to form biofilms across various substrates and the antibiofilm efficacy of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8-HQs). Biofilms of P. insidiosum were cultured on polystyrene plates, contact lenses, and horsehair. We provide the first evidence of P. insidiosum's biofilm-forming capability, thus considerably expanding our understanding of its transmission and pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate that 8-HQs effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate pre-existing biofilms, underscoring their potential as a novel treatment strategy for pythiosis, a disease currently lacking a gold-standard treatment. This finding has particular relevance for ocular pythiosis associated with contact lens usage and potential infection sources in animals. Our results contribute to the scientific knowledge base and directly impact innovative therapeutic interventions' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pippi
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - E S Loreto
- Sobresp Faculty of Health Sciences, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S Merkel
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - A R Joaquim
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Krummenauer
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P Reginatto
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M H Vainstein
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S F Andrade
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A M Fuentefria
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Santurio
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Zanette
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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6
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Zhang Y, Young P, Traini D, Li M, Ong HX, Cheng S. Challenges and current advances in in vitro biofilm characterization. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300074. [PMID: 37477959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix, which develop over time and exhibit temporal responses to stimuli from internal biological processes or external environmental changes. They can be detrimental, threatening public health and causing economic loss, while they also play beneficial roles in ecosystem health, biotechnology processes, and industrial settings. Biofilms express extreme heterogeneity in their physical properties and structural composition, resulting in critical challenges in understanding them comprehensively. The lack of detailed knowledge of biofilms and their phenotypes has deterred significant progress in developing strategies to control their negative impacts and take advantage of their beneficial applications. A range of in vitro models and characterization tools have been developed and used to study biofilm growth and, specifically, to investigate the impact of environmental and growth factors on their development. This review article discusses the existing knowledge of biofilm properties and explains how external factors, such as flow condition, surface, interface, and host factor, may impact biofilm growth. The limitations of current tools, techniques, and in vitro models that are currently used for biofilms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Kragh KN, Tolker-Nielsen T, Lichtenberg M. The non-attached biofilm aggregate. Commun Biol 2023; 6:898. [PMID: 37658117 PMCID: PMC10474055 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms have conventionally been perceived as dense bacterial masses on surfaces, following the five-step model of development. Initial biofilm research focused on surface-attached formations, but detached aggregates have received increasing attention in the past decade due to their pivotal role in chronic infections. Understanding their nature sparked fervent discussions in biofilm conferences and scientific literature. This review consolidates current insights on non-attached aggregates, offering examples of their occurrence in nature and diseases. We discuss their formation and dispersion mechanisms, resilience to antibiotics and immune-responses, drawing parallels to surface-attached biofilms. Moreover, we outline available in vitro models for studying non-attached aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper N Kragh
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Lichtenberg
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Ladewig L, Gloy L, Langfeldt D, Pinnow N, Weiland-Bräuer N, Schmitz RA. Antimicrobial Peptides Originating from Expression Libraries of Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi Prevent Biofilm Formation of Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2184. [PMID: 37764028 PMCID: PMC10537229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for novel antimicrobial compounds is rapidly growing due to the rising appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria; accordingly, alternative approaches are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising, since they are a naturally occurring part of the innate immune system and display remarkable broad-spectrum activity and high selectivity against various microbes. Marine invertebrates are a primary resource of natural AMPs. Consequently, cDNA expression (EST) libraries from the Cnidarian moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita and the Ctenophore comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi were constructed in Escherichia coli. Cell-free size-fractionated cell extracts (<3 kDa) of the two libraries (each with 29,952 clones) were consecutively screened for peptides preventing the biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogens using the crystal violet assay. The 3 kDa fraction of ten individual clones demonstrated promising biofilm-preventing activities against Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sequencing the respective activity-conferring inserts allowed for the identification of small ORFs encoding peptides (10-22 aa), which were subsequently chemically synthesized to validate their inhibitory potential. Although the peptides are likely artificial products from a random translation of EST inserts, the biofilm-preventing effects against K. oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus were verified for five synthetic peptides in a concentration-dependent manner, with peptide BiP_Aa_5 showing the strongest effects. The impact of BiP_Aa_2, BiP_Aa_5, and BiP_Aa_6 on the dynamic biofilm formation of K. oxytoca was further validated in microfluidic flow cells, demonstrating a significant reduction in biofilm thickness and volume by BiP_Aa_2 and BiP_Aa_5. Overall, the structural characteristics of the marine invertebrate-derived AMPs, their physicochemical properties, and their promising antibiofilm effects highlight them as attractive candidates for discovering new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ladewig
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Leon Gloy
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Langfeldt
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Pinnow
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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9
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Lake FB, van Overbeek LS, Baars JJP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Growth performance of Listeria monocytogenes and background microbiota from mushroom processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 395:110183. [PMID: 37001480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between Listeria monocytogenes and resident background microbiota may occur in food processing environments and may influence the survival of this pathogen in a factory environment. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize the growth performance of microbiota isolated from the processing environments of frozen sliced mushrooms, and to investigate the competitive performance of L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with accompanying environmental microbiota. Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were the most prominent background microbiota isolated from the processing environment of frozen sliced mushrooms. All individual microbiota strains were able to grow and form biofilm in filter-sterilized mushroom medium, with the mannitol-consumers Raoultella and Ewingella as top performers, reaching up to 9.6 and 9.8 log CFU/mL after 48 h incubation at room temperature. When L. monocytogenes mushroom isolates were co-cultured with the microbiota strains, L. monocytogenes counts ranged from 7.6 to 8.9 log CFU/mL after 24 h of incubation, while counts of the microbiota strains ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 log CFU/mL. Prolonged incubation up to 48 h resulted in further increase of L. monocytogenes counts when co-cultured with non-acidifying species Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter reaching 9.1 to 9.2 log CFU/mL, while a decrease of L. monocytogenes counts reaching 5.8 to 7.7 log CFU/mL was observed in co-culture with Enterobacteriaceae and acidifying Lactococcus representatives. In addition, L. monocytogenes grew also in spent mushroom media of the microbiota strains, except in acidified spent media of Lactococcus strains. These results highlight the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes during co-incubation with microbiota in fresh and in spent mushroom medium, indicative of its invasion and persistence capacity in food processing factory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Lake
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Baars
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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10
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Prasad A, Roopesh MS. Bacterial biofilm reduction by 275 and 455 nm light pulses emitted from light emitting diodes. J Food Saf 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Prasad
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - M. S. Roopesh
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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11
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Pirhaghi M, Najarzadeh Z, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Shafizadeh M, Mamashli F, Atarod D, Ghasemi A, Morshedi D, Meratan AA, Otzen DE, Saboury AA. The anti-platelet drug ticlopidine inhibits FapC fibrillation and biofilm production: Highlighting its antibiotic activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140883. [PMID: 36455808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance of bacteria and persistent infections related to biofilms, as well as the low availability of new antibacterial drugs, make it urgent to develop new antibiotics. Here, we evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of ticlopidine (TP), an anti-platelet aggregation drug, TP showed antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (MRSA) and gram-negative (E. coli, and P. aeruginosa) bacteria over a long treatment period. TP significantly reduced the survival of gram-negative bacteria in human blood though impact on gram-positives was more limited. TP may cause death in MRSA by inhibiting staphyloxanthin pigment synthesis, leading to oxidative stress, while scanning electron microscopy imaging indicate a loss of membrane integrity, damage, and consequent death due to lysis in gram-negative bacteria. TP showed good anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and MRSA, and a stronger biofilm degradation activity on P. aeruginosa compared to MRSA. Measuring fluorescence of the amyloid-reporter Thioflavin T (ThT) in biofilm implicated inhibition of amyloid formation as part of TP activity. This was confirmed by assays on the purified protein in P. aeruginosa, FapC, whose fibrillation kinetics was inhibited by TP. TP prolonged the lag phase of aggregation and reduced the subsequent growth rate and prolonging the lag phase to very long times provides ample opportunity to exert TP's antibacterial effect. We conclude that TP shows activity as an antibiotic against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria thanks to a broad range of activities, targeting bacterial metabolic processes, cellular structures and the biofilm matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zahra Najarzadeh
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Mahshid Shafizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deyhim Atarod
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Meratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Kulišová M, Maťátková O, Brányik T, Zelenka J, Drábová L, Kolouchová IJ. Detection of microscopic filamentous fungal biofilms - Choosing the suitable methodology. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 205:106676. [PMID: 36693497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic filamentous fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that adapt very easily to a variety of environmental conditions. Due to this adaptability, they can colonize a number of various surfaces where they are able to start forming biofilms. Life in the form of biofilms provides them with many benefits (increased resistance to desiccation, UV radiation, antimicrobial compounds, and host immune response). The aim of this study is to find a reliable and reproducible methodology to determine biofilm growth of selected microscopic filamentous fungi strains. Several methods (crystal violet staining, MTT assay, XTT assay, resazurin assay) for the determination of total biofilm biomass and its metabolic activity were tested on four fungi - Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, and their biofilm was also imaged by spinning disc confocal microscopy using fluorescent dyes. A reproducible biofilm quantification method is essential for the subsequent testing of the biofilm growth suppression using antifungal agents or physical methods. Crystal violet staining was found to be a suitable method for the determination of total biofilm biomass of selected strains, and the MTT assay for the determination of metabolic activity of the biofilms. Calcofluor white and Nile red fluorescent stains successfully dyed the hyphae of microscopic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kulišová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Brányik
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipová 511/15, Prague 120 44, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Zelenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Drábová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Jarošová Kolouchová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
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13
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Nanda N, S R, S H. Comparative Study of Effects of Endophytic Fungal Silver Nanoparticles and Nanoemulsion on Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04331-1. [PMID: 36689164 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Green nanotechnology, a branch of nanotechnology, makes use of extract from plants or microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles. This approach is eco-friendlier and more cost-effective than conventional methods of nanoparticle synthesis. Silver nanoparticles have interested researchers because several studies suggest that they have a wide range of applications in the field of medicine; it is known to serve as a good antimicrobial agent. This study concentrated on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and nanoemulsion from the extract of an endophytic fungi-Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Nanoemulsion was prepared using an essential oil-tea tree oil from Melaleuca alternifolia (commonly known as tea tree). The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectra, SEM, FESEM, EDAX, XRD, and FTIR analysis. A comparative antimicrobial study was carried out between endophytic fungal extract-derived nanoparticles (EFNP) and nanoemulsion (EFNE) against two strains of Escherichia coli, through various experimental assays including Agar well diffusion method and assays that determined the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and biofilm formation. From the results obtained, it was evident that both EFNP and EFNE had antibacterial activity and that the EFNE worked better than the former. This study suggested that EFNE was a good antibiotic alternative, and further in vivo studies must be done to check the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Nanda
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Ranjani S
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Hemalatha S
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, 600048, India.
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14
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Weiland-Bräuer N, Saleh L, Schmitz RA. Functional Metagenomics as a Tool to Tap into Natural Diversity of Valuable Biotechnological Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2555:23-49. [PMID: 36306077 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2795-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem covers more than 70% of the world's surface, and oceans represent a source of varied types of organisms due to the diversified environment. Consequently, the marine environment is an exceptional depot of novel bioactive natural products, with structural and chemical features generally not found in terrestrial habitats. Here, in particular, microbes represent a vast source of unknown and probably new physiological characteristics. They have evolved during extended evolutionary processes of physiological adaptations under various environmental conditions and selection pressures. However, to date, the biodiversity of marine microbes and the versatility of their bioactive compounds and metabolites have not been fully explored. Thus, metagenomic tools are required to exploit the untapped marine microbial diversity and their bioactive compounds. This chapter focuses on function-based marine metagenomics to screen for bioactive molecules of value for biotechnology. Functional metagenomic strategies are described, including sampling in the marine environment, constructing marine metagenomic large-insert libraries, and examples on function-based screens for quorum quenching and anti-biofilm activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Livía Saleh
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Kordzangeneh H, Jookar Kashi F. A new Bacillus Paralicheniformis sp. Tmas-01 as bioreactor for synthesis of Ag/AgCl composite–different effects of biological and Rodamin B dye decolorization, anticancer, genotoxic activity. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Furlaneto-Maia L, Mücke N, Furlaneto M. Enterococci in the dairy and sausage industry: Is sanitation sufficient to remove biofilm? ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnterococcus spp. were isolated from sausage and yogurt line production. The genomic assay was performed by PCR, and distinct enterococci (n = 28) were identified. Testing revealed that 10.7% of the isolates had a resistant phenotype, 7.1% were resistant to erythromycin (Enterococcus faecium) and 3.5% were resistant to tetracycline (Enterococcus gallinarum). Enterococci cells and biofilm formation in 24 well polystyrene plates and the effect of sanitisation procedures in these biofilms were determined. The sanitisers were chlorinated alkaline H (CAH), chlorinated alkaline A (CAA), quaternary ammonium D (QAD), quaternary ammonium M (QAM), chlorine dioxide (CD), sodium hypochlorite (SH), and peracetic acid (PA). A total of 7 isolates (25%) moderately and the others poorly formed biofilms. The best reduction results were 61 and 55% of the cells with the CAH sanitiser in BHI and water, respectively. The PAA, SH, and CD sanitisers showed low efficiency on Enterococcus planctonics, and the other had an effect on cell growth. The sanitisers CAH, QAD, QAM, PAA, and SH showed efficiency in reducing the cell viability of Enterococcus in biofilms, and values obtained from CAA and CD suggested low biofilm removal capacity. Enterococcus spp. form biofilms and have become a problem in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Furlaneto-Maia
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology of the Paraná State, Campus Londrina (UTFPR-LD), Av. dos Pioneiros 3131 CEP 86036-370, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - N. Mücke
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology of the Paraná State, Campus Londrina (UTFPR-LD), Av. dos Pioneiros 3131 CEP 86036-370, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M.C. Furlaneto
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, C.P. 6001, CEP 86051990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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A study on Sr/Zn phytate complexes: structural properties and antimicrobial synergistic effects against Streptococcus mutans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20177. [PMID: 36418367 PMCID: PMC9684506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is an abundant natural plant component that exhibits a versatility of applications benefited from its chemical structure, standing out its use as food, packing and dental additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The capacity of PA to chelate ions is also well-established and the formation and thermodynamic properties of different metallic complexes has been described. However, research studies of these compounds in terms of chemistry and biological features are still demanded in order to extend the application scope of PA complexes. The main goal of this paper is to deepen in the knowledge of the bioactive metal complexes chemistry and their bactericide activity, to extend their application in biomaterial science, specifically in oral implantology. Thus, this work presents the synthesis and structural assessment of two metallic phytate complexes bearing the bioactive cations Zn2+ and Sr2+ (ZnPhy and SrPhy respectively), along with studies on the synergic biological properties between PA and cations. Metallic phytates were synthesized in the solid-state by hydrothermal reaction leading to pure solid compounds in high yields. Their molecular formulas were C6H12024P6Sr4·5H2O and C6H12024P6Zn6·6H2O, as determined by ICP and HRES-TGA. The metal coordination bond of the solid complexes was further analysed by EDS, Raman, ATR-FTIR and solid 13C and 31P-NMR spectroscopies. Likewise, we evaluated the in vitro ability of the phytate compounds for inhibiting biofilm production of Streptococcus mutans cultures. Results indicate that all compounds significantly reduced biofilm formation (PA < SrPhy < ZnPhy), and ZnPhy even showed remarkable differences with respect to PA and SrPhy. Analysis of antimicrobial properties shows the first clues of the possible synergic effects created between PA and the corresponding cation in different cell metabolic processes. In overall, findings of this work can contribute to expand the applications of these bioactive metallic complexes in the biotechnological and biomedical fields, and they can be considered for the fabrication of anti-plaque coating systems in the dentistry field.
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18
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Doolan JA, Williams GT, Hilton KLF, Chaudhari R, Fossey JS, Goult BT, Hiscock JR. Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8696-8755. [PMID: 36190355 PMCID: PMC9575517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is directly responsible for more deaths per year than either HIV/AIDS or malaria and is predicted to incur a cumulative societal financial burden of at least $100 trillion between 2014 and 2050. Already heralded as one of the greatest threats to human health, the onset of the coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections due to factors including increased global antibiotic/antimicrobial use. Thus an urgent need for novel therapeutics to combat what some have termed the 'silent pandemic' is evident. This review acts as a repository of research and an overview of the novel therapeutic strategies being developed to overcome antimicrobial resistance, with a focus on self-assembling systems and nanoscale materials. The fundamental mechanisms of action, as well as the key advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and attention is drawn to key examples within each field. As a result, this review provides a guide to the further design and development of antimicrobial systems, and outlines the interdisciplinary techniques required to translate this fundamental research towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Doolan
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - George T Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rajas Chaudhari
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - John S Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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Carvalho D, Menezes R, Chitolina GZ, Kunert-Filho HC, Wilsmann DE, Borges KA, Furian TQ, Salle CTP, Moraes HLDS, do Nascimento VP. Antibiofilm activity of the biosurfactant and organic acids against foodborne pathogens at different temperatures, times of contact, and concentrations. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1051-1064. [PMID: 35260995 PMCID: PMC9151985 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation has been suggested to play a significant role in the survival of pathogens in food production. Interest in evaluating alternative products of natural origin for disinfectant use has increased. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effects of biosurfactants and organic acids on Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni biofilms, mainly considering temperatures found in environments of poultry processing, as well as simulating the contact times used for disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of rhamnolipid, malic acid, and citric acid on the adhesion of S. Enteritidis, E. coli, and C. jejuni on polystyrene surfaces at different temperatures (4, 12, and 25 °C), compound concentrations, and times of contact (5 and 10 min), and to analyze the potential use of these compounds to disrupt formed biofilms. All three compounds exhibited antibiofilm activity under all analyzed conditions, both in the prevention and removal of formed biofilms. Contact time was less important than temperature and concentration. The antibiofilm activity of the compounds also varied according to the pathogens involved. In the food industry, compound selection must consider the temperature found in each stage of product processing and the target pathogens to be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Carvalho
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Menezes
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Zottis Chitolina
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hiran Castagnino Kunert-Filho
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Daiane Elisa Wilsmann
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
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20
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He Y, Pang J, Yang Z, Zheng M, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhao B, Hu G, Yin R. Toluidine blue O-induced photoinactivation inhibit the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Kim GS, Park CR, Kim JE, Kim HK, Kim BS. Anti-Biofilm Effects of Torilis japonica Ethanol Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:220-227. [PMID: 34866130 PMCID: PMC9628846 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has increased due to the frequent use of antibiotics. Inhibition of the quorum-sensing systems of biofilm-producing strains using plant extracts represents an efficient approach for controlling infections. Torilis japonica is a medicinal herb showing various bioactivities; however, no studies have reported the anti-biofilm effects of T. japonica extracts against drug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of T. japonica ethanol extract (TJE) on biofilm production in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) KCTC 1927, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) KCCM 40510, and MRSA KCCM 40511. Biofilm assays showed that TJE could inhibit biofilm formation in all strains. Furthermore, the hemolysis of sheep blood was found to be reduced when the strains were treated with TJE. The mRNA expression of agrA, sarA, icaA, hla, and RNAIII was evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of TJE on the regulation of genes encoding quorum sensing-related virulence factors in MSSA and MRSA. The expression of hla reduced in a concentration-dependent manner upon treatment with TJE. Moreover, the expression levels of other genes were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, TJE can suppress biofilm formation and virulence factor-related gene expression in MSSA and MRSA strains. The extract may therefore be used to develop treatments for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Seop Kim
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Rin Park
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kook Kim
- Department of Integrated Life Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam 32439, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-330-1534 Fax: +82-330-1529 E-mail:
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22
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Boutsioukis C, Arias-Moliz MT, Chávez de Paz LE. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:295-329. [PMID: 35171506 PMCID: PMC9314845 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and irrigation systems and to provide directions for future research. Studies on the antimicrobial effect of irrigants should use mature multispecies biofilms grown on dentine or inside root canals and should combine at least two complementary evaluation methods. Dissolution of pulp tissue remnants should be examined in the presence of dentine and, preferably, inside human root canals. Micro-omputed tomography is currently the method of choice for the assessment of accumulated dentine debris and their removal. A combination of experiments in transparent root canals and numerical modeling is needed to address irrigant penetration. Finally, models to evaluate irrigant extrusion through the apical foramen should simulate the periapical tissues and provide quantitative data on the amount of extruded irrigant. Mimicking the in vivo conditions as close as possible and standardization of the specimens and experimental protocols are universal requirements irrespective of the surrogate endpoint studied. Obsolete and unrealistic models must be abandoned in favour of more appropriate and valid ones that have more direct application and translation to clinical Endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boutsioukis
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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23
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Meire MA, van der Waal SV. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study intracanal medicaments. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:330-345. [PMID: 35100452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In order to ensure predictable decontamination of the root canal system, chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal space is sometimes supplemented with the use of intracanal medication. As microbial control of the root canal space is fundamental to the resolution of apical periodontitis, root canal disinfection strategies haven been researched intensively. The use of intracanal medication as a supplementary step to the chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal space is one of them. Because of the costs and limitations of clinical research it is relevant and common practice to first evaluate alternative or new root canal disinfection modalities in laboratory studies. This involves the simulation of a root canal infection in a laboratory model, on which different disinfection strategies can be tested. When modelling the infected root canal, different levels of infection can be discriminated: suspended bacteria, microbial biofilms and infected dentine. This review describes the experimental models associated with these infection levels and critically appraises their value and methodological details. Suggestions for relevant research methods and experimental models are given, as well as some good practices for laboratory-based microbiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Meire
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S V van der Waal
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nasrollahian S, Halaji M, Hosseini A, Teimourian M, Armaki MT, Rajabnia M, Gholinia H, Pournajaf A. Genetic Diversity, Carbapenem Resistance Genes, and Biofilm Formation in UPEC Isolated from Patients with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in North of Iran. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9520362. [PMID: 36187911 PMCID: PMC9507725 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9520362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated in patients with urinary catheters alarming rate of emergency status. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular causes of carbapenem resistance among UPEC as well as antimicrobial resistance trends. Additionally, the potential of isolates to produce biofilms, in addition to their clonal and genetic diversity, was investigated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a collection of 76 non-duplicate UPEC isolates obtained from CAUTIs from May 2021 to September 2021. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) test was performed for the detection of carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. Also, the presence of carbapenemase genes was determined using PCR assays. In 96-well microtiter plates, biofilm development was evaluated. ERIC-PCR was used to investigate the clonal and genetic variety of isolates. RESULTS A total of 76 confirmed UPEC isolates were obtained from patients mentioned to teaching hospitals in Babol, Iran. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against nalidixic acid (81.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80.3%). Among UPEC isolates, 63.2% and 13.2% of UPEC isolates were positive for MBL production. The frequencies of the studied genes are in order of bla NDM (14.5%), bla OXA-23 (2.6%), and bla OXA-48 (2.6%). Forty-two isolates (55.3%) were positive for biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR revealed that UPEC isolates could be categorized into nine clusters A-I and five isolates were categorized as a singleton. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of MDR and carbapenemase-producing isolates among the UPEC strain in this investigation is concerning. Moreover, the bla NDM was the most frequent cause of producing metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase. Also, analysis revealed a partial genetic similarity among the studied isolates, indicating that the same UPEC clones may have spread to other hospital units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nasrollahian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akramasadat Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Teimourian
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Gerayelou G, Khameneh B, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Mahmoudi A, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Dual Antibiotic and Diffusible Signal Factor Combination Nanoliposomes for Combating Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:684-692. [PMID: 34888215 PMCID: PMC8642808 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Microbial biofilms are one of the main causes of persistent human infections. Encapsulation of an antibiotic and a biofilm dispersal agent within a nano-carrier has been recognized as a novel approach to combat the problem of biofilm-related infections. Here, we develop the nanoliposomal formulation for delivery of vancomycin in combination with cis-2- decenoic acid (C2DA), to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. The effects of the formulations were studied at two stages: biofilm growth inhabitation and biofilm eradication. Methods: Liposomal formulations were prepared by the solvent evaporation dehydration-rehydration method and were evaluated for size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficacy. The ability of different agents in free and encapsulated forms were assessed to evaluate the anti-biofilm activities. Results: Vancomycin and C2DA were successfully co-encapsulated in the same nanoliposome (liposomal combination). The zeta potential values of the liposomal formulations of vancomycin, C2DA, and the liposomal combination were 37.2, 40.2, 51.5 mV, and the mean sizes of these liposomal formulations were 167.8±1.5, 215.5±8.8, 235.5±0.01, respectively. Encapsulation efficacy of C2DA was 65% and about 40% for vancomycin. The results indicated that liposomal combination exerted strong anti-biofilm activities, slightly exceeding those observed by the free form of a combination of vancomycin and C2DA, but higher than either agent used alone in their free forms. The anti-biofilm activity of formulations followed concentration and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The combination of vancomycin and C2DA could inhibit biofilm formation. Employing the liposomal combination is a considerable method to remove bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Gerayelou
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Dong X, Overton CM, Tang Y, Darby JP, Sun YP, Yang L. Visible Light-Activated Carbon Dots for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Inactivating Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:786077. [PMID: 34869296 PMCID: PMC8637124 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to address the significant problems of bacterial biofilms found in medical fields and many industries. It explores the potential of classic photoactive carbon dots (CDots), with 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis (ethylamine) (EDA) for dot surface functionalization (thus, EDA-CDots) for their inhibitory effect on B. subtilis biofilm formation and the inactivation of B. subtilis cells within established biofilm. The EDA-CDots were synthesized by chemical functionalization of selected small carbon nanoparticles with EDA molecules in amidation reactions. The inhibitory efficacy of CDots with visible light against biofilm formation was dependent significantly on the time point when CDots were added; the earlier the CDots were added, the better the inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation. The evaluation of antibacterial action of light-activated EDA-CDots against planktonic B. subtilis cells versus the cells in biofilm indicate that CDots are highly effective for inactivating planktonic cells but barely inactivate cells in established biofilms. However, when coupling with chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) to target the biofilm architecture by breaking or weakening the EPS protection, much enhanced photoinactivation of biofilm-associated cells by CDots was achieved. The study demonstrates the potential of CDots to prevent the initiation of biofilm formation and to inhibit biofilm growth at an early stage. Strategic combination treatment could enhance the effectiveness of photoinactivation by CDots to biofilm-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jasmine P Darby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
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Gu T, Meesrisom A, Luo Y, Dinh QN, Lin S, Yang M, Sharma A, Tang R, Zhang J, Jia Z, Millner PD, Pearlstein AJ, Zhang B. Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation as affected by stainless steel surface topography and coating composition. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Balaban M, Koc C, Sar T, Akbas MY. Antibiofilm effects of pomegranate peel extracts against
B. cereus
,
B. subtilis
, and
E. faecalis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Balaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center Siirt University Siirt 56100 Turkey
| | - Cansel Koc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery University of Borås Borås 501 90 Sweden
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Gebze Technical University Gebze‐Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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Endogenous nitric oxide-generating surfaces via polydopamine-copper coatings for preventing biofilm dispersal and promoting microbial killing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112297. [PMID: 34474848 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peri-implantitis is a bacterially induced inflammatory disease which affects the hard and soft tissues around a dental implant. Microbial biofilm formation is an important causative factor in peri-implantitis. The aim of this study is to develop an effective multifunctional surface coating for antimicrobial property and to counteract oral biofilm-associated infections via a single polydopamine copper coating (PDAM@Cu) on titanium implant surface to regulate endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generation. METHODS PDAM@Cu coatings were made with different concentrations of CuCl2 on titanium surfaces with a simple dip coating technique. Coatings were characterised to evaluate Cu concentrations as well as NO release rates from the coatings. Further, salivary biofilms were made on the coatings using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media in an anaerobic chamber. Biofilms were prepared with three different mixtures, one of which was saliva only, the second had an addition of sheep's blood, and the third was prepared with NO donors S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and L-glutathione (GSH) in the mixture of saliva and blood to evaluate the effects of endogenously produced NO on biofilms. The effectiveness of coated surfaces on biofilms were assessed using four different methods, namely, crystal violet assay, scanning electron microscopy imaging, 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) metabolic assay, and live/dead staining. RESULTS NO release rates could be controlled with different Cu concentration in PDAM@Cu coatings. NO generated from the PDAM@Cu coatings effectively induced dispersal of biofilms shown by the reduction in biofilm biomass as well as reduced biofilm attachment in samples prepared with blood and NO donors. Cu ions released from the PDAM@Cu coatings resulted in killing of the dispersed bacteria, which was evidenced by the live/dead cell staining and reduced metabolic activity noted from the XTT assay. In contrast, samples prepared with saliva showed no significant reduction in biofilms, indicating the important effect of endogenously generated NO on biofilm dispersal. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PDAM@Cu coatings with NO generating surfaces have a dual anti-biofilm function, with a synergistic effect on biofilm dispersal from regulated NO generation and bactericidal effects from Cu ions from the coatings.
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Bacterial Exposure to Nickel: Influence on Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Archwires and Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Agents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164603. [PMID: 34443123 PMCID: PMC8397954 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nickel could modify bacterial behavior and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic archwires can be a source of bacterial colonization and possible health hazards. Staphylococcus aureus was subjected to exposure and adaptation to various sub-inhibitory concentrations of nickel. Five strains of bacteria adapted to nickel in concentrations of 62.5-1000 μg/mL were tested for adhesion and biofilm formation on nickel-titanium archwires. Archwires were previously incubated in artificial saliva. Bacteria were incubated with orthodontic wire with stirring for 4 h (adhesion) and 24 h (biofilm formation). The number of adherent bacteria was determined after sonication and cultivation on the Muller-Hinton agar. Disk diffusion method was performed on all bacteria to assess the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacteria adapted to lower concentrations of nickel adhered better to nickel-titanium than strains adapted to higher concentrations of nickel (p < 0.05). Biofilm formation was highest in strains adapted to 250 and 500 μg/mL of nickel (p < 0.05). The highest biofilm biomass was measured for strains adapted to 250 μg/mL, followed by those adapted to 1000 μg/mL. Bacteria adapted to lower concentrations of nickel demonstrated lower inhibition zone diameters in the disk diffusion method (p < 0.05), indicating increased antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, bacteria adapted to 250 μg/mL of nickel ions adhered better, demonstrated higher biofilm formation and often had higher antimicrobial resistance than other adapted and non-adapted strains.
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Echarren ML, Figueroa NR, Vitor-Horen L, Pucciarelli MG, García-Del Portillo F, Soncini FC. Balance between bacterial extracellular matrix production and intramacrophage proliferation by a Salmonella-specific SPI-2 encoded transcription factor. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1022-1032. [PMID: 34342063 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and secretion of a complex extracellular matrix (EM) is a hallmark of Salmonella biofilm formation, impacting on its relationship with both the environment and the host. Cellulose is a major component of Salmonella EM. It is considered an anti-virulence factor because it interferes with Salmonella proliferation inside macrophages and virulence in mice. Its synthesis is stimulated by CsgD, the master regulator of biofilm formation in enterobacteria, which in turn is under the control of MlrA, a MerR-like transcription factor. In this work we identified a SPI-2 encoded Salmonella-specific transcription factor homolog to MlrA, MlrB, that represses transcription of its downstream gene, orf319, and of csgD inside host cells. MlrB is induced in laboratory media mimicking intracellular conditions and inside macrophages, and it is required for intramacrophage proliferation. An increased csgD expression is observed in the absence of MlrB inside host cells. Interestingly, inactivation of the CsgD-controlled cellulose synthase-coding gene restored intramacrophage proliferation to rates comparable to wild type bacteria in the absence of MlrB. These data indicate that MlrB represses CsgD expression inside host cells and suggest that this repression lowers the activation of the cellulose synthase. Our findings provide a novel link between biofilm formation and Salmonella virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Echarren
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás R Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Vitor-Horen
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO)-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Del Portillo
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Bacterianos Intracelulares. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando C Soncini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
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Perwez M, Mazumder JA, Noori R, Sardar M. Magnetic combi CLEA for inhibition of bacterial biofilm: A green approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:780-787. [PMID: 34280443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study different enzymes (α- amylase, trypsin, cellulase, horse-radish peroxidase and pectinex ultra clear) were studied for bacterial biofilm inhibition and Pectinex ultra clear showed best inhibition. So, m-combi-CLEA of Pectinex ultra clear was developed by cross linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) formation on APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) modified iron oxide nanoparticles. Different parameters were optimized and it was observed that 0.4 mg/ml of protein (containing 25 U/mg cellulase activity), 0.5 mg/ml BSA and 10 mM glutaraldehyde when incubated for 3 h gives 100% enzyme activity using ethanol as the precipitant. The CLEA formed were thermally more stable as compared to free enzyme. m-combi-CLEA of Pectinex ultra clear shows 75-78% biofilm inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, m-combi-CLEA can be reused till 4 cycles with same efficiency. The carbohydrate contents of E. coli biofilm decreased from 64.629 μg to 6.23 μg and for S. aureus biofilm, it decreased from 58.46 μg to 5.52 μg when treated with m-combi CLEA in comparison to untreated biofilms. FTIR, darkfield illumination Fluorescence Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy was further used for characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-25, India
| | | | - Rubia Noori
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-25, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-25, India.
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Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A. In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Biofilm-Growing Bacteria: Current and Emerging Methods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1369:33-51. [PMID: 33963526 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens is typically determined based on planktonic cells, as recommended by several international guidelines. However, most of chronic infections - such as those established in wounds, cystic fibrosis lung, and onto indwelling devices - are associated to the formation of biofilms, communities of clustered bacteria attached onto a surface, abiotic or biotic, and embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the bacteria and complexed with molecules from the host. Sessile microorganisms show significantly increased tolerance/resistance to antibiotics compared with planktonic counterparts. Consequently, antibiotic concentrations used in standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests, although effective against planktonic bacteria in vitro, are not predictive of the concentrations required to eradicate biofilm-related infections, thus leading to treatment failure, chronicization and removal of material in patients with indwelling medical devices.Meeting the need for the in vitro evaluation of biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics, here we reviewed several methods proposed in literature highlighting their advantages and limitations to guide scientists towards an appropriate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Chieti, Italy
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Curtin AM, Buckley HL. Biofouling detection methods that are widely applicable and useful across disciplines: a mini-review. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:494-505. [PMID: 34193005 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1926998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling, or the build-up of microorganisms in a biofilm at the solid-water or water-air interface, is an interdisciplinary problem. Biofouling causes various issues including clogging systems, contaminating devices, and creating infections that are extremely difficult to treat, to name but a few. Therefore, engineers, pharmacologists, microbiologists, wastewater treatment operators, chemists, food preservative formulators, home and personal care product formulators, and toxicologists all play a role in studying and have an interest in solving biofouling. High-throughput studies on biofilm prevention and removal can take the form of biofilm antimicrobial microdilution susceptibility (BAMS) tests. Due to vested interests of many disciplines, the results from these tests should be applicable and useful to each discipline. This critical review analyses the focuses, biological implications, and metrics required by each discipline. The possible detection methods that could satisfy each desired metric are then summarized. The detection methods were analysed in order to recommend two methods of biofilm detection, Crystal Violet stain and the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain, which correspond with three metrics including total biomass, log reduction, and the MIC, BPC, MBIC, MBC, BBC, and/or MBEC values. Determining these three metrics for each BAMS test will allow this type of research to be widely applicable and useful across many disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Curtin
- Civil Engineering Department, Green Safe Water Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather L Buckley
- Civil Engineering Department, Green Safe Water Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Multisubstituted pyrimidines effectively inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7931. [PMID: 33846401 PMCID: PMC8041844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular communities of microorganisms that generally attach to surfaces in a self-produced matrix. Unlike planktonic cells, biofilms can withstand conventional antibiotics, causing significant challenges in the healthcare system. Currently, new chemical entities are urgently needed to develop novel anti-biofilm agents. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of 2,4,5,6-tetrasubstituted pyrimidines and assessed their antibacterial activity against planktonic cells and biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 9e, 10d, and 10e displayed potent activity for inhibiting the onset of biofilm formation as well as for killing pre-formed biofilms of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and Newman strains, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 11.6 to 62.0 µM. These pyrimidines, at 100 µM, not only decreased the number of viable bacteria within the pre-formed biofilm by 2–3 log10 but also reduced the amount of total biomass by 30–50%. Furthermore, these compounds were effective against planktonic cells with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than 60 µM for both staphylococcal strains. Compound 10d inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923 in a concentration-dependent manner and displayed a bactericidal anti-staphylococcal activity. Taken together, our study highlights the value of multisubstituted pyrimidines to develop novel anti-biofilm agents.
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Characterization of a biosurfactant producing electroactive Bacillus sp. for enhanced Microbial Fuel Cell dye decolourisation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 147:109767. [PMID: 33992401 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A biosurfactant producing Gram positive bacterium isolated from anodic biofilm of textile wastewater fed MFC was identified as Bacillus sp. MFC (Accession number: MT322244). Scanning Electron Microscopy of the bacterium showed appendages, the bacterium forms biofilm on Congo red agar medium. The obtained results showed that the addition of 5 mg/l endogenous biosurfactant to the bacterial cells resulted in 19-fold increase in bacterial surface-bound exopolysaccharides (EPS) and 1.94-fold increase in biofilm. However, when the biosurfactant concentration increased to 20 and 40 mg/l, EPS and biofilm decreased and the cells lost their colony forming ability. The dielectric properties of the bacterial cells showed increase in conductivity and relative permittivity with increasing biosurfactant concentrations. The shape of the voltammogram currents peak, their location and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) suggest the involvement of biofilm as direct electron transfer pathway. The average voltage obtained was 0.65 V as compared to 0.45 V for the control MFC. Decolourization was tested for Congo red in a double chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), the results showed 2-fold increase in decolourization when biosurfactant is added post biofilm formation. The results confirm that Bacillus sp. MFC possess electrogenic properties and that adding low concentrations of endogenous biosurfactant to 24 h biofilm accelerates electron transfer by inducing perforations in the cell wall and increasing EPS as an electron transfer transient medium. Therefore, MFC performance can be enhanced.
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Guerreiro JCM, Ochoa-Rodrígez VM, Rodrigues EM, Chavez-Andrade GM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G. Antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility and effect of Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medicament on osteoblast biology. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1155-1165. [PMID: 33638900 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the antimicrobial and biological properties of a new bioceramic intracanal medicament (Bio-C Temp), and to compare it with two calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments (Calen® and UltraCal® XS). METHODOLOGY The direct contact and the crystal violet tests were performed to assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. The cytocompatibility and the effect of the medication on the biology of the human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2) were evaluated with methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT), neutral red, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization (alizarin red) assays. The data were analysed using one-way anova and Tukey's tests, two-way anova and Bonferroni's tests, or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Bio-C Temp had significantly less antibacterial activity and biofilm biomass reduction than the other intracanal medicaments (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the viability of Saos-2 exposed to the various intracanal medicaments, except regarding the 1 : 2 dilution, when the Bio-C Temp group had significantly lower cell viability than the UltraCal® XS and Calen® groups (P < 0.05). Bio-C Temp induced significantly greater ALP activity than the other intracanal medicaments (P < 0.05) at day 1. Calen® induced significantly greater deposition of mineralized nodules than the other intracanal medicaments (P < 0.05), and no difference was observed between Bio-C Temp and UltraCal® XS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bio-C Temp had similar cytocompatibility at higher dilutions, and higher or similar induction of ALP activity and deposition of mineralized nodules in comparison with Calen® and UltraCal® XS. However, it had significantly less antibacterial and antibiofilm activity than Calen® and UltraCal® XS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C M Guerreiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V M Ochoa-Rodrígez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G M Chavez-Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kİlİc T. Biofilm-Forming Ability and Effect of Sanitation Agents on Biofilm-Control of Thermophile Geobacillus sp. D413 and Geobacillus toebii E134. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 69:411-419. [PMID: 33574869 PMCID: PMC7812365 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus sp. D413 and Geobacillus toebii E134 are aerobic, non-pathogenic, endospore-forming, obligately thermophilic bacilli. Gram-positive thermophilic bacilli can produce heat-resistant spores. The bacteria are indicator organisms for assessing the manufacturing process’s hygiene and are capable of forming biofilms on surfaces used in industrial sectors. The present study aimed to determine the biofilm-forming properties of Geobacillus isolates and how to eliminate this formation with sanitation agents. According to the results, extracellular DNA (eDNA) was interestingly not affected by the DNase I, RNase A, and proteinase K. However, the genomic DNA (gDNA) was degraded by only DNase I. It seemed that the eDNA had resistance to DNase I when purified. It is considered that the enzymes could not reach the target eDNA. Moreover, the eDNA resistance may result from the conserved folded structure of eDNA after purification. Another assumption is that the eDNA might be protected by other extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and/or extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) structures. On the contrary, DNase I reduced unpurified eDNA (mature biofilms). Biofilm formation on surfaces used in industrial areas was investigated in this work: the D413 and E134 isolates adhered to all surfaces. Various sanitation agents could control biofilms of Geobacillus isolates. The best results were provided by nisin for D413 (80%) and α-amylase for E134 (98%). This paper suggests that sanitation agents could be a solution to control biofilm structures of thermophilic bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Kİlİc
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Nizer WSDC, Ferraz AC, Moraes TDFS, Lima WG, Santos JPD, Duarte LP, Ferreira JMS, de Brito Magalhães CL, Vieira-Filho SA, Andrade ACDSP, Rodrigues RAL, Abrahão JS, Magalhães JCD. Pristimerin isolated from Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. (Celastraceae) roots as a potential antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113423. [PMID: 33007390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pristimerin is a triterpenoid considered the main component of Salacia crassifolia extracts. This terpene has shown promising antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Likewise, S. crassifolia has been used in traditional medicine to treat cancer and as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the hexane extract of Salacia crassifolia roots (HER) and its isolate, pristimerin, against pathogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we evaluated the spectrum of action of HER and pristimerin by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Subsequently, we analyzed the time-kill curve of these plant-derived compounds against Staphylococcus aureus. Then, we examined their mode of action by three different assays: the crystal violet methodology, the release of intracellular material, and transmission electron microscopy methods (TEM). Finally, we evaluated the effect of HER and pristimerin on the pre-formed biofilm of S. aureus by the crystal violet assay, the synergistic effect by the checkerboard method, the cytotoxicity against Vero cells, and the in silico activity using the online software PASS. RESULTS HER and pristimerin presented a narrow spectrum of action against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC 0.195-25 μg/mL), and their primary mode of action is the alteration of membrane permeability of S. aureus. Our results show that the compounds disrupted the pre-formed biofilm of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HER and pristimerin presented a significant synergic effect after the combination with well-known antibiotics, which was associated with the ability of these phytomedicines to change membrane permeability. Regarding the cytotoxic effect, the selective index (SI) of HER ranged from 0.37 to 11.86, and the SI of pristimerin varied from 0.24 to 30.87, according to the bacteria tested. CONCLUSIONS Overall, HER and pristimerin showed a promising antibacterial effect in vitro through the alteration of membrane permeability of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil; Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ariane Coelho Ferraz
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Biological Science Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Biological Science Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Araújo Lima Rodrigues
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Biological Science Research Nucleus, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahão
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil.
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Delfani S, Rezaei F, Soroush S, Shakib P. The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran. RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 16:PRI-EPUB-114068. [PMID: 33568036 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x16666210210101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. METHODS In this study,S. cohniiisolates were screened from the clinical samples from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran.Antimicrobial susceptibility test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion method, andresistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate test to detect the icaA and icaDgenes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCRmethod. RESULTS FromtwentyS. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of the S. cohnii was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR)strains. The ermB, ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene had the highest frequency.95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also, 4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore, the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypableSCCmecamong the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistantS. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Delfani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Faranak Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Setareh Soroush
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad. Iran
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Lencova S, Svarcova V, Stiborova H, Demnerova K, Jencova V, Hozdova K, Zdenkova K. Bacterial Biofilms on Polyamide Nanofibers: Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation and Evaluation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2277-2288. [PMID: 33284019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun polyamide (PA) nanofibers have great potential for medical applications (in dermatology as antimicrobial compound carriers or surgical sutures). However, little is known about microbial colonization on these materials. Suitable methods need to be chosen and optimized for the analysis of biofilms formed on nanofibers and the influence of their morphology on biofilm formation. We analyzed 11 PA nanomaterials, both nonfunctionalized and functionalized with AgNO3, and tested the formation of a biofilm by clinically relevant bacteria (Escherichia coli CCM 4517, Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953, and Staphylococcus epidermidis CCM 4418). By four different methods, it was confirmed that all of these bacteria attached to the PAs and formed biofilms; however, it was found that the selected method can influence the outcomes. For studying biofilms formed by the selected bacteria, scanning electron microscopy, resazurin staining, and colony-forming unit enumeration provided appropriate and comparable results. The values obtained by crystal violet (CV) staining were misleading due to the binding of the CV dye to the PA structure. In addition, the effect of nanofiber morphology parameters (fiber diameter and air permeability) and AgNO3 functionalization significantly influenced biofilm maturation. Furthermore, the correlations between air permeability and surface density and fiber diameter were revealed. Based on the statistical analysis, fiber diameter was confirmed as a crucial factor influencing biofilm formation (p ≤ 0.01). The functionalization of PAs with AgNO3 (from 0.1 wt %) effectively suppressed biofilm formation. The PA functionalized with a concentration of 0.1 wt % AgNO3 influenced the biofilm equally as nonfunctionalized PA 8% 2 g/m2. Therefore, biofilm formation could be affected by the above-mentioned morphology parameters, and ultimately, the risk of infections from contaminated medical devices could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lencova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Viviana Svarcova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stiborova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Jencova
- Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamila Zdenkova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
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Walsh DJ, Livinghouse T, Durling GM, Arnold AD, Brasier W, Berry L, Goeres DM, Stewart PS. Novel phenolic antimicrobials enhanced activity of iminodiacetate prodrugs against biofilm and planktonic bacteria. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:134-147. [PMID: 32844569 PMCID: PMC7821224 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs are pharmacologically attenuated derivatives of drugs that undergo bioconversion into the active compound once reaching the targeted site, thereby maximizing their efficiency. This strategy has been implemented in pharmaceuticals to overcome obstacles related to absorption, distribution, and metabolism, as well as with intracellular dyes to ensure concentration within cells. In this study, we provide the first examples of a prodrug strategy that can be applied to simple phenolic antimicrobials to increase their potency against mature biofilms. The addition of (acetoxy)methyl iminodiacetate groups increases the otherwise modest potency of simple phenols. Biofilm-forming bacteria exhibit a heightened tolerance toward antimicrobial agents, thereby accentuating the need for new antibiotics as well as those, which incorporate novel delivery strategies to enhance activity toward biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica J. Walsh
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Greg M. Durling
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Adrienne D. Arnold
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Whitney Brasier
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Luke Berry
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Darla M. Goeres
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
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Zhou Z, Dong Z, Wang L, Song R, Mei N, Chen T, Luo L, Ding Q, Wang X, Tang S. Cellulose membrane modified with LED209 as an antibacterial and anti-adhesion material. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yuan X, Liu J, Li R, Zhou J, Wei J, Jiao S, Wang ZA, Du Y. Chitosan Oligosaccharides Coupling Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm-Related Antibiotic Resistance against Florfenicol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246043. [PMID: 33371321 PMCID: PMC7767115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilms has increased the resistance of bacteria to various environmental factors and is tightly associated with many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. Herein we design a strategy conjugating florfenicol, an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of streptococcus, with the antimicrobial biomaterial, chitosan oligosaccharides. The results demonstrated that the florfenicol-COS conjugate (F-COS) efficiently eradicated the mature Streptococcus hyovaginalis biofilm, apparently inhibiting drug resistance to florfenicol. A quantity of 250 μg/mL F-COS showed effective inhibitory activity against planktonic cells and biofilm of the bacteria, and a 4-fold improvement of the F-COS compared to unmodified florfenicol was observed. Furthermore, the conjugate showed a broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It suggested that F-COS might have a potential for application in the treatment of biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Ruilian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (X.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
| | - Zhuo A. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.A.W.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-10-8254-5070 (Z.A.W.)
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (S.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.A.W.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-10-8254-5070 (Z.A.W.)
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Zhou Z, Wang L, Hu Y, Song R, Mei N, Chen T, Tang S. Preparation of AAEK-functionalized cellulose film with antibacterial and anti-adhesion activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:66-75. [PMID: 33242549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion infection caused by medical materials in clinical application has become a serious threat, and it urgently needs new strategies to deal with these clinical challenges. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of surface-decorated aryl (β-amino) ethyl ketones (AAEK), a promising sorting enzyme A (SrtA) inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus, to improve the anti-adhesion ability of biomaterials. AAEK was covalently grafted onto cellulose films (CF) via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition click reaction. The data of contact angle measurements, ATR-FTIR and XPS proved the successful covalent attachment of AAEK-CF, and the antimicrobial efficacy of AAEK coating was assessed by CFUs, crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy and Living/Dead bacteria staining assay. The results illustrated that AAEK-CF exhibited excellent anti-adhesion ability to Staphylococcus aureus, and significantly reduced the number of bacteria adhering to the film. More importantly, AAEK-CF could hinder the formation of bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, AAEK-CF indicated no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, and the cells could grow normally on the modified surface. Hence, our present work demonstrated that the grafting of the SrtA inhibitor-AAEK onto cellulose films enabled to combat bacterial biofilm formation in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3568 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yingkui Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rijian Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Naibin Mei
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Rodrigues AC, Almeida FAD, André C, Vanetti MCD, Pinto UM, Hassimotto NMA, Vieira ÉNR, Andrade NJD. Phenolic extract of Eugenia uniflora L. and furanone reduce biofilm formation by Serratia liquefaciens and increase its susceptibility to antimicrobials. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1031-1048. [PMID: 33187450 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1844881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serratia liquefaciens is a spoilage microorganism of relevance in the dairy industry because it is psychrotrophic, able to form biofilm, and produces thermoresistant proteases and lipases. Phenolic compounds and furanones have been studied as inhibitors of biofilm formation. In this study, the potential of the pulp phenolic extract of Eugenia uniflora L. orange fruits, also called pitanga, and furanone C30 on the inhibition of biofilm formation by S. liquefaciens L53 and the susceptibility to different antimicrobials were evaluated. The pulp phenolic extract of pitanga had a high total phenolic content, being mainly composed of glycosylated quercetins and ellagitannins. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of this extract and furanone reduced biofilm formation by S. liquefaciens on polystyrene and the amount of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA in the biofilms. These biofilms were also more susceptible to kanamycin. The combinations of furanone with phenolic extract of pitanga or kanamycin showed a synergistic effect with total growth inhibition of S. liquefaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleriane André
- Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Salesiano, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bhadila G, Filemban H, Wang X, Melo MAS, Arola DD, Tay FR, Oates TW, Weir MD, Sun J, Xu HH. Bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite suppresses S. mutans biofilm and preserves tooth dentin hardness. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:146-157. [PMID: 32771591 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent dental caries is one of the main reasons for resin composite restoration failures. This study aimed to: (1) develop a bioactive, low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralizing composite and evaluate the sustainability of its antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms; and (2) evaluate the remineralization and cariostatic potential of the composite containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), using dentin hardness measurement and a biofilm-induced recurrent caries model. The antibacterial and remineralizing low-shrinkage-stress composite consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), 3% DMAHDM and 20% NACP. S. mutans biofilm was used to evaluate antibiofilm activity, before and after 3 months of composite aging in acidic solution. Human dentin was used to develop a recurrent caries biofilm-model. Adding DMAHDM and NACP into low shrinkage-stress composite did not compromise the flexural strength. The low-shrinkage-stress composite with DMAHDM achieved substantial reductions in biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid production, and biofilm biomass (p < 0.05). The low-shrinkage-stress DMAHDM+NACP composite exhibited no significant difference in antibacterial performance before and after 3 months of aging, demonstrating long-term antibacterial activity. Under S. mutans biofilm acidic attack, dentin hardness (GPa) was 0.24 ± 0.04 for commercial control, and 0.23 ± 0.03 for experimental control, but significantly higher at 0.34 ± 0.03 for DMAHDM+NACP group (p < 0.05). At an instrumental compliance of 0.33 μm/N, the polymerization shrinkage stress of the new composite was 36% lower than that of a traditional composite (p < 0.05). The triple strategy of antibacterial, remineralization and lower shrinkage-stress has great potential to inhibit recurrent caries and increase restoration longevity. Statement of Significance Polymerization shrinkage stress, masticatory load over time as well as biochemical degradation can lead to marginal failure and secondary caries. The present study developed a new low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralizing dental nanocomposite. Polymerization shrinkage stress was greatly reduced, biofilm acid production was inhibited, and tooth dentin mineral and hardness were preserved. The antibacterial composite possessed a long-lasting antibiofilm effect against cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. The new bioactive nanocomposite has the potential to suppress recurrent caries at the restoration margins, protects tooth structures, and increases restoration longevity.
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Dong J, Wang B, Xiang B, Yang J, Gong Z, Wang Z, Huang Y, Chen L. Research on the effect of TiO 2 nanotubes coated by gallium nitrate on Staphylococcus aureus-Escherichia coli biofilm formation. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23417. [PMID: 32896958 PMCID: PMC7521225 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, the cases with bacterial infection caused by titanium implants and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of titanium materials implanted into human body can often be observed. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate whether the mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus/Escherichia coli can be formed on the surface of titanium material through in vitro experiments and its formation rules. Methods The titanium plates were put into the well containing S aureus or/and E coli. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were analyzed by crystal violet, XTT method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results The results of bacterial adhesion in each group at 6‐72 hours showed that the number of bacterial adhesion in each group was increased with the extension of time and reached to the highest level at 72 hours. Moreover, the biofilm structure in the S aureus‐E coli group was significantly more complex than that of the simple S aureus group or E coli group, and the number of bacteria was also significantly increased in the S aureus‐E coli group. Conclusion Those data provide a laboratory basis for the prevention and treatment of mixed infection of subsequent biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingquan Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Tatta ER, Kumavath R. Rhodethrin and Rubrivivaxin as potential source of anti-biofilm agents against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19443). Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104457. [PMID: 32828902 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is frequently present in the hospital environment and readily forms a biofilm that protects from antibiotics and resistance against environmental stress conditions, thereby increasing nosocomial chronic infections. This study aims to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of two novel terpenoid derivatives Rhodethrin (Rdn) and Rubrivivaxin (Rbn) against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain (ATCC19443). Both terpenoids effectively prevent biofilm formation with >75% attenuation in cell biomass and significantly decrease the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (p = 0.005) and besides their expansion on different surface media. The findings provide new evidence that such terpenoid derivatives could be developed as novel antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Rao Tatta
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Awasthi A, Sharma P, Jangir L, Kamakshi, Awasthi G, Awasthi KK, Awasthi K. Dose dependent enhanced antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm activity against Bacillus subtilis in presence of ZnO nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:111021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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