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Beheshtizadeh N, Gharibshahian M, Bayati M, Maleki R, Strachan H, Doughty S, Tayebi L. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery approaches in regenerative medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115301. [PMID: 37562236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of growth factors in the process of tissue regeneration has garnered significant interest and has been the subject of extensive research. However, despite the fervent efforts invested in recent clinical trials, a considerable number of these studies have produced outcomes that are deemed unsatisfactory. It is noteworthy that the trials that have yielded the most satisfactory outcomes have exhibited a shared characteristic, namely, the existence of a mechanism for the regulated administration of growth factors. Despite the extensive exploration of drug delivery vehicles and their efficacy in delivering certain growth factors, the development of a reliable predictive approach for the delivery of delicate growth factors like Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) remains elusive. VEGF plays a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis; however, the administration of VEGF demands a meticulous approach as it necessitates precise localization and transportation to a specific target tissue. This process requires prolonged and sustained exposure to a low concentration of VEGF. Inaccurate administration of drugs, either through off-target effects or inadequate delivery, may heighten the risk of adverse reactions and potentially result in tumorigenesis. At present, there is a scarcity of technologies available for the accurate encapsulation of VEGF and its subsequent sustained and controlled release. The objective of this review is to present and assess diverse categories of VEGF administration mechanisms. This paper examines various systems, including polymeric, liposomal, hydrogel, inorganic, polyplexes, and microfluidic, and evaluates the appropriate dosage of VEGF for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Regenerative Medicine group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayati
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hannah Strachan
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Sarah Doughty
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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2
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Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Zheng Z, Dai X, Li X, Du C. Functionalization of PCL-based nanofibers loaded with hirudin as blood contact materials. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213416. [PMID: 37058780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood-contacting materials with good mechanical property, excellent anticoagulant function and promoting effect on endothelialization are in great demand for clinical application such as vascular grafts in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) were functionalized by oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine (PDA) on the surface followed by the modification of anticoagulant recombinant hirudin (rH) molecules. The morphology, structure, mechanical property, degradation behavior, cellular compatibility and blood compatibility of the multifunctional PCL/PDA/rH nanofiber scaffolds were evaluated. The diameter of the nanofibers was between 270-1030 nm. The ultimate tensile strength of the scaffolds was around 4 MPa and the elastic modulus increased with the amount of rH. The degradation tests in vitro indicated that the nanofiber scaffolds began to crack on the 7th day, but still maintained the nanoscale architecture within a month. The cumulative release of rH from the nanofiber scaffold was up to 95.9 % at 30th day. The functionalized scaffolds promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells, while resisting platelet adhesion and enhancing anticoagulation effects. The hemolysis ratios of all scaffolds were <2 %. The nanofiber scaffolds are promising candidates for vascular tissue engineering.
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4
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Deering J, Lin DSY, D'Elia A, Zhang B, Grandfield K. Fabrication of succinate-alginate xerogel films for in vitro coupling of osteogenesis and neovascularization. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213122. [PMID: 36162345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The osseointegration of metallic implants is reliant on a cascade of molecular interactions and the delivery of macromolecules to the implant environment that occurs before substantial bone formation. Early blood vessel formation is a requisite first step in the healing timeline for osteoid formation, where vascular development can be accelerated as a result of controlled hypoxic conditioning. In this study, alginate-derived xerogel films containing varied concentrations of disodium succinate salt which has been shown to induce pseudohypoxia (short-term hypoxic effects while maintaining an oxygenated environment) were developed. Xerogels were characterized for their morphology, succinate release over time and cellular response with osteoblast-mimicking Saos-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a multiscale topography that may favour osseointegration and alamarBlue assays indicated no cytotoxic effects during in vitro proliferation of Saos-2 cells. pH measurements of eluted succinate reach 95 % of peak value after 7 h of immersion for all gels containing 10 mM of succinate or less, and 60 % within the first 40 min. In vitro exposure of HUVECs to succinate-conditioned media increased the net concentration of total proteins measured by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay and maintains stable vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and extracellular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for vessel formation through comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) of the culture media and cell lysate. Tube formation assays also showed a sustained increase in tube diameter across the first 48 h of HUVEC culture when succinate concentrations of 1 and 10 μM in the xerogel. Overall, the succinate-alginate films serve as a prospective organic coating for bone-interfacing implant materials which may induce temporary pseudohypoxic conditions favourable for early angiogenesis and bone regeneration in vivo at succinate concentrations of 1 or 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn S Y Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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5
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Cakir SN, Whitehead KM, Hendricks HKL, de Castro Brás LE. Novel Techniques Targeting Fibroblasts after Ischemic Heart Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030402. [PMID: 35159212 PMCID: PMC8834471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The great plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts allows them to respond quickly to myocardial injury and to contribute to the subsequent cardiac remodeling. Being the most abundant cell type (in numbers) in the heart, and a key participant in the several phases of tissue healing, the cardiac fibroblast is an excellent target for treating cardiac diseases. The development of cardiac fibroblast-specific approaches have, however, been difficult due to the lack of cellular specific markers. The development of genetic lineage tracing tools and Cre-recombinant transgenics has led to a huge acceleration in cardiac fibroblast research. Additionally, the use of novel targeted delivery approaches like nanoparticles and modified adenoviruses, has allowed researchers to define the developmental origin of cardiac fibroblasts, elucidate their differentiation pathways, and functional mechanisms in cardiac injury and disease. In this review, we will first characterize the roles of fibroblasts in the different stages of cardiac repair and then examine novel techniques targeting fibroblasts post-ischemic heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin N Cakir
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Whitehead
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Hanifah K L Hendricks
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Nazeer MA, Karaoglu IC, Ozer O, Albayrak C, Kizilel S. Neovascularization of engineered tissues for clinical translation: Where we are, where we should be? APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021503. [PMID: 33834155 PMCID: PMC8024034 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in engineering three-dimensional tissue constructs is the development of a mature microvascular network capable of supplying sufficient oxygen and nutrients to the tissue. Recent angiogenic therapeutic strategies have focused on vascularization of the constructed tissue, and its integration in vitro; these strategies typically combine regenerative cells, growth factors (GFs) with custom-designed biomaterials. However, the field needs to progress in the clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies. The article first presents a detailed description of the steps in neovascularization and the roles of extracellular matrix elements such as GFs in angiogenesis. It then delves into decellularization, cell, and GF-based strategies employed thus far for therapeutic angiogenesis, with a particularly detailed examination of different methods by which GFs are delivered in biomaterial scaffolds. Finally, interdisciplinary approaches involving advancement in biomaterials science and current state of technological development in fabrication techniques are critically evaluated, and a list of remaining challenges is presented that need to be solved for successful translation to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Onur Ozer
- Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Cem Albayrak
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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7
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Understanding angiogenesis and the role of angiogenic growth factors in the vascularisation of engineered tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:941-950. [PMID: 33393005 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with many potential clinical applications in tissue and organ regeneration. The development of a mature and stable vasculature within these engineered tissues (ET) remains a significant obstacle. Currently, several growth factors (GFs) have been identified to play key roles within in vivo angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), FGF and angiopoietins. In this article we attempt to build on in vivo principles to review the single, dual and multiple GF release systems and their effects on promoting angiogenesis. We conclude that multiple GF release systems offer superior results compared to single and dual systems with more stable, mature and larger vessels produced. However, with more complex release systems this raises other problems such as increased cost and significant GF-GF interactions. Upstream regulators and pericyte-coated scaffolds could provide viable alternative to circumnavigate these issues.
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8
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Mohajeri S, Burke-Kleinman J, Maurice DH, Amsden BG. Formulation parameters governing sustained protein delivery from degradable viscous liquid aliphatic polycarbonates. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119965. [PMID: 33045320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Viscous liquid degradable polymers have advantages as drug depots for sustained protein delivery. We have created a new aliphatic polycarbonate for this purpose, poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-5-hydroxy trimethylene carbonate), which upon degradation retains a near neutral micro-environmental pH. As such, this copolymer is highly suited to the delivery of acid sensitive proteins. We show that the mechanism of protein release from this liquid copolymer is consistent with the formation of super-hydrated regions as a result of the osmotic activity of the solution formed upon distributed protein particle dissolution. Protein release can be manipulated by controlling polymer hydrophobicity which can be adjusted by molecular weight and choice of initiator. Moreover, protein release is highly dependent on protein solubility which impacts the osmotic activity of the solution formed upon dissolution of the protein particles while protein molecular size and isoelectric point are not as influential. As demonstrated by the release of highly bioactive vascular endothelial growth factor, formulations of this copolymer are suitable for prolonged delivery of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohajeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
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9
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Yoo J, Won YY. Phenomenology of the Initial Burst Release of Drugs from PLGA Microparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6053-6062. [PMID: 33449671 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is the most prevalent polymer drug delivery vehicle in use today. There are about 20 commercialized drug products in which PLGA is used as an excipient. In more than half of these formulations, PLGA is used in the form of microparticles (with sizes in the range between 60 nm and 100 μm). The primary role of PLGA is to control the kinetics of drug release toward achieving sustained release of the drug. Unfortunately, most drug-loaded PLGA microparticles exhibit a common drawback: an initial uncontrolled burst of the drug. After 30 years of utilization of PLGA in controlled drug delivery systems, this initial burst drug release still remains an unresolved challenge. In this Review, we present a summary of the proposed mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon and the known factors affecting the burst release process. Also, we discuss examples of recent efforts made to reduce the initial burst release of the drug from PLGA particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yoo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States of America
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States of America.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States of America
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10
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Impact of excipient choice on the aerodynamic performance of inhalable spray-freeze-dried powders. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Pei X, Kim H, Lee M, Wang N, Shin J, Lee S, Yoon M, Yang VC, He H. Local delivery of cardiac stem cells overexpressing HIF-1α promotes angiogenesis and muscular tissue repair in a hind limb ischemia model. J Control Release 2020; 322:610-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Liu CD, Tu XF, Chen F. Neovascularization by Sustained Delivery of G-CSF, EPO and VEGF Using Dextran/PLGA Microspheres. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 64:328-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Mohajeri S, Chen F, de Prinse M, Phung T, Burke-Kleinman J, Maurice DH, Amsden BG. Liquid Degradable Poly(trimethylene-carbonate-co-5-hydroxy-trimethylene carbonate): An Injectable Drug Delivery Vehicle for Acid-Sensitive Drugs. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1363-1376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohajeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mitchell de Prinse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Ta Phung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H. Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
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14
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Scheiner K, Maas-Bakker RF, Nguyen TT, Duarte AM, Hendriks G, Sequeira L, Duffy GP, Steendam R, Hennink WE, Kok RJ. Sustained Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor from Poly(ε-caprolactone-PEG-ε-caprolactone)- b-Poly(l-lactide) Multiblock Copolymer Microspheres. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11481-11492. [PMID: 31460253 PMCID: PMC6681988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the major regulating factor for the formation of new blood vessels, also known as angiogenesis. VEGF is often incorporated in synthetic scaffolds to promote vascularization and to enhance the survival of cells that have been seeded in these devices. Such applications require sustained local delivery of VEGF of around 4 weeks for stable blood vessel formation. Most delivery systems for VEGF only provide short-term release for a couple of days, followed by a release phase with very low VEGF release. We now have developed VEGF-loaded polymeric microspheres that provide sustained release of bioactive VEGF for 4 weeks. Blends of two swellable poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(l-lactide) ([PCL-PEG-PCL]-b-[PLLA])-based multiblock copolymers with different PEG content and PEG molecular weight were used to prepare the microspheres. Loading of the microspheres was established by a solvent evaporation-based membrane emulsification method. The resulting VEGF-loaded microspheres had average sizes of 40-50 μm and a narrow size distribution. Optimized formulations of a 50:50 blend of the two multiblock copolymers had an average VEGF loading of 0.79 ± 0.09%, representing a high average VEGF loading efficiency of 78 ± 16%. These microspheres released VEGF continuously over 4 weeks in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4 at 37 °C. This release profile was preserved after repeated and long-term storage at -20 °C for up to 9 months, thereby demonstrating excellent storage stability. VEGF release was governed by diffusion through the water-filled polymer matrix, depending on PEG molecular weight and PEG content of the polymers. The bioactivity of the released VEGF was retained within the experimental error in the 4-week release window, as demonstrated using a human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation assay. Thus, the microspheres prepared in this study are suitable for embedment in polymeric scaffolds with the aim of promoting their functional vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina
C. Scheiner
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel F. Maas-Bakker
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thanh T. Nguyen
- InnoCore
Pharmaceuticals B.V., L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. Duarte
- InnoCore
Pharmaceuticals B.V., L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Hendriks
- InnoCore
Pharmaceuticals B.V., L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lídia Sequeira
- InnoCore
Pharmaceuticals B.V., L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- Discipline
of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National
University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Rob Steendam
- InnoCore
Pharmaceuticals B.V., L.J. Zielstraweg 1, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Kok
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31 620275995. Fax: +31 30 251789
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15
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Abstract
The ability to generate new microvessels in desired numbers and at desired locations has been a long-sought goal in vascular medicine, engineering, and biology. Historically, the need to revascularize ischemic tissues nonsurgically (so-called therapeutic vascularization) served as the main driving force for the development of new methods of vascular growth. More recently, vascularization of engineered tissues and the generation of vascularized microphysiological systems have provided additional targets for these methods, and have required adaptation of therapeutic vascularization to biomaterial scaffolds and to microscale devices. Three complementary strategies have been investigated to engineer microvasculature: angiogenesis (the sprouting of existing vessels), vasculogenesis (the coalescence of adult or progenitor cells into vessels), and microfluidics (the vascularization of scaffolds that possess the open geometry of microvascular networks). Over the past several decades, vascularization techniques have grown tremendously in sophistication, from the crude implantation of arteries into myocardial tunnels by Vineberg in the 1940s, to the current use of micropatterning techniques to control the exact shape and placement of vessels within a scaffold. This review provides a broad historical view of methods to engineer the microvasculature, and offers a common framework for organizing and analyzing the numerous studies in this area of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1155-1212, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Schoubben A, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Meeting the unmet: from traditional to cutting-edge techniques for poly lactide and poly lactide-co-glycolide microparticle manufacturing. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Spatiotemporal release of VEGF from biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres induces angiogenesis in chick chorionic allantoic membrane assay. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:236-243. [PMID: 30853484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an acknowledged potent pro-angiogenic agent there is a need to deliver it at an appropriate concentration for several days to achieve angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to produce microspheres of biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) tailored to achieve sustained release of VEGF at an appropriate concentration over seven days, avoiding excessive unregulated release of VEGF that has been associated with the formation of leaky blood vessels. Several formulations were examined to produce microspheres loaded with both human serum albumin (HSA) and VEGF to achieve release of VEGF between 3 and 10 ng per ml for seven days to match the therapeutic window desired for angiogenesis. In vitro experiments showed an increase in endothelial cell proliferation in response to microspheres bearing VEGF. Similarly, when microspheres containing VEGF were added to the chorionic membrane of fertilised chicken eggs, there was an increase in the development of blood vessels over seven days in response, which was significant for microspheres bearing VEGF and HSA, but not VEGF alone. There was an increase in both blood vessel density and branching - both signs of proangiogenic activity. Further, there was clearly migration of cells to the VEGF loaded microspheres. In summary, we describe the development of an injectable delivery vehicle to achieve spatiotemporal release of physiologically relevant levels of VEGF for several days and demonstrate the angiogenic response to this. We propose that such a treatment vehicle would be suitable for the treatment of ischemic tissue or wounds.
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Augustine R, Prasad P, Khalaf IMN. Therapeutic angiogenesis: From conventional approaches to recent nanotechnology-based interventions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:994-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Said SS, Yin H, Elfarnawany M, Nong Z, O'Neil C, Leong H, Lacefield JC, Mequanint K, Pickering JG. Fortifying Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle with FGF9-Loaded Electrospun Poly(Ester Amide) Fibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801294. [PMID: 30785239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of angiogenic growth factors lessens ischemia in preclinical models but has demonstrated little benefit in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Augmenting the wrapping of nascent microvessels by mural cells constitutes an alternative strategy to regenerating a functional microvasculature, particularly if integrated with a sustained delivery platform. Herein, electrospun poly(ester amide) (PEA) nanofiber mats are fabricated for delivering a mural cell-targeting factor, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9). Proof-of-principle is established by placing FGF9/FGF2-loaded PEA fiber mats on the chick chorioallantoic membrane and identifying enhanced angiogenesis by 3D power Doppler micro-ultrasound imaging. To assess the delivery system in ischemic muscle, FGF9-loaded PEA fiber mats are implanted onto the surface of the tibialis anterior muscle of mice with hindlimb ischemia. The system supplies FGF9 into the tibialis anterior muscle and yields a neo-microvascular network with enhanced mural cell coverage up to 28 days after injury. The regenerating muscle that receives FGF9 display near-normal sized myofibers and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, the mice demonstrate improved locomotion. These findings of locally released FGF9 from PEA nanofibers raise prospects for a microvascular remodeling approach to improve muscle health in peripheral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S. Said
- School of Biomedical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mai Elfarnawany
- Department of OtolaryngologyWestern University London Ontario N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hon Leong
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern University London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - James C. Lacefield
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Medical BiophysicsWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - J. Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research InstituteDepartment of Medicine (Cardiology)Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Medical BiophysicsSchulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondon Health Sciences Centre 339 Windermere Rd London Ontario N6A 5A5 Canada
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van Bochove B, Grijpma DW. Photo-crosslinked synthetic biodegradable polymer networks for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:77-106. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1553105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Bochove
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Emami F, Vatanara A, Park EJ, Na DH. Drying Technologies for the Stability and Bioavailability of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E131. [PMID: 30126135 PMCID: PMC6161129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms of biopharmaceuticals such as therapeutic proteins could provide enhanced bioavailability, improved storage stability, as well as expanded alternatives to parenteral administration. Although numerous drying methods have been used for preparing dried protein powders, choosing a suitable drying technique remains a challenge. In this review, the most frequent drying methods, such as freeze drying, spray drying, spray freeze drying, and supercritical fluid drying, for improving the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic proteins, are discussed. These technologies can prepare protein formulations for different applications as they produce particles with different sizes and morphologies. Proper drying methods are chosen, and the critical process parameters are optimized based on the proposed route of drug administration and the required pharmacokinetics. In an optimized drying procedure, the screening of formulations according to their protein properties is performed to prepare a stable protein formulation for various delivery systems, including pulmonary, nasal, and sustained-release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrossadat Emami
- College of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- College of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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Howell DW, Peak CW, Bayless KJ, Gaharwar AK. 2D Nanosilicates Loaded with Proangiogenic Factors Stimulate Endothelial Sprouting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Charles W. Peak
- Biomedical Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Biomedical Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Material Science and Engineering Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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Qi F, Wu J, Li H, Ma G. Recent research and development of PLGA/PLA microspheres/nanoparticles: A review in scientific and industrial aspects. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Microspheres as intraocular therapeutic tools in chronic diseases of the optic nerve and retina. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:127-144. [PMID: 29339146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies affecting the optic nerve and the retina are one of the major causes of blindness. These diseases include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma, among others. Also, there are genetic disorders that affect the retina causing visual impairment. The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases of the posterior segment is increased as most of them are related with the elderly. Even with the access to different treatments, there are some challenges in managing patients suffering retinal diseases. One of them is the need for frequent interventions. Also, an unpredictable response to therapy has suggested that different pathways may be playing a role in the development of these diseases. The management of these pathologies requires the development of controlled drug delivery systems able to slow the progression of the disease without the need of frequent invasive interventions, typically related with endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, ocular hypertension, cataract, inflammation, and floaters, among other. Biodegradable microspheres are able to encapsulate low molecular weight substances and large molecules such as biotechnological products. Over the last years, a large variety of active substances has been encapsulated in microspheres with the intention of providing neuroprotection of the optic nerve and the retina. The purpose of the present review is to describe the use of microspheres in chronic neurodegenerative diseases affecting the retina and the optic nerve. The advantage of microencapsulation of low molecular weight drugs as well as therapeutic peptides and proteins to be used as neuroprotective strategy is discussed. Also, a new use of the microspheres in the development of animal models of neurodegeneration of the posterior segment is described.
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Linn T, Erb D, Schneider D, Kidszun A, Elçin AE, Bretzel RG, Elçin YM. Polymers for Induction of Revascularization in the Rat Fascial Flap: Application of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Pancreatic Islet Cells. Cell Transplant 2017; 12:769-78. [PMID: 14653623 DOI: 10.3727/000000003108747244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles in transplanting avascular tissue or metabolically active cells for ischemic diseases is the loss of transplanted cells due to lack of oxygen and nutrients in the early posttransplantation period. Biodegradable polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds and hydrogels have a potential to incorporate cells or cellular organoids such as islets of Langerhans and growth factors. In this study, we tested the efficiency of two types of polymeric materials to carry recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) or pancreatic tumor cell lines, namely Ins-1 and AR42J, for the induction of new vessels. Chitosan hydrogel fibers with micropores were prepared and molded into a cylinder construct (5 mm φ 8 mm height). Macroporous PLGA scaffolds with a pore size of 250–400 μm were prepared and cut into cylinders (6 mm φ 3 mm height). Both chitosan and PLGA constructs were loaded with rhVEGF (3 μg) or seeded with the cell lines (5 × 105 cells and 3 × 105 cells/construct, respectively, for AR42J and INS-1 cells), and transplanted into the fascial flaps of Wistar rats. At distinct time points up to 4 weeks postimplantation, polymers were explanted, fixed, and vessel density was counted on sections stained with anti-Factor-VIII antibody. Additionally, the kinetics of rhVEGF release from PLGA microspheres (φ of 50–80 μm) was determined using VEGF Elisa. Endogenous VEGF release from pancreatic rat cell lines was also determined. Light microscopy study was performed on H&E-stained paraffin sections of the islet-polymer samples. The vascular density of rhVEGF-loaded chitosan constructs was increased fourfold 2 weeks after subcutaneous transplantation compared with rhVEGF-unloaded controls (465 ± 144 vs. 104 ± 80 vessels per mm2, p < 0.05). Protein leakage occurred, but was not observed after 2 weeks. Higher insulin content was detected in rat islet grafts transplanted following VEGF application. More than 50% of total rhVEGF was released on the first day of in vitro culture of PLGA microspheres. rhVEGF secretion had another, but smaller, peak on the third day followed by a constant release. By comparison, endogeneous VEGF secretion of pancreatic tumor cells was measured within a 3-day culture period. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds and hydrogels may have potential use as solid supports to induce angiogenesis for pancreatic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Linn
- Justus Liebig University, Medical Clinic and Policlinic 3, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Characterization of a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-loaded Bioresorbable Delivery System for Pulp Regeneration. J Endod 2016; 43:77-83. [PMID: 27939739 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signal protein that stimulates angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and has been used in tissue regeneration and pulp regeneration experimental models. The purpose of this study was to develop a delivery system composed of a biodegradable fiber and controlled release of VEGF to promote cell viability and secure an adequate blood supply for the survival of human stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) favoring endodontic regenerative procedures. METHODS We developed a polydioxanone fiber, 50 μm in diameter, loaded with VEGF at a linear concentration of 12.2 ng/cm. Cytotoxic effects of the VEGF-loaded fiber (VF) on SCAP and mouse fibroblasts were assessed by using a multiparametric assay kit (XTT-NR-CVDE [Xenometrix, Allschwil, Switzerland]). We evaluated VF-induced mRNA expression of downstream growth factors by using a human growth factor Taqman array in real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also assessed the in vivo subcutaneous reaction of C57BL/6 mice to implants of VF alone and human root fragments (10 mm in length) filled with VF after 10, 20, and 45 days. Statistical analyses were performed by using analysis of variance and Student t tests or non-parametric alternatives. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified detectable concentrations of released VEGF in solution for 25 days. No cytotoxicity was observed on SCAP and mouse fibroblasts treated with VEGF. In addition, VEGF treatment also induced the expression of additional growth factors with roles in tissue and blood vessel formation and neuroprotective function. Implantation of VF and root fragments filled with VF showed biocompatibility in vivo, promoting new blood vessels and connective tissue formation into the root canal space with negligible inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the VF used in this study is biocompatible and may be a promising scaffold for additional optimization and use in endodontic regenerative procedures.
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Lee H, Chung HJ, Park TG. Perspectives On: Local and Sustained Delivery of Angiogenic Growth Factors. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911506073363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the role of angiogenesis in tissue engineering, introduces various angiogenic growth factors, and highlights current status of delivery systems for angiogenic growth factors using natural and synthetic biomaterials. A short overview of angiogenic growth factors is presented, followed by the introduction of emerging strategies for designing smart delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea,
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28
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Ho YT, Poinard B, Kah JCY. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems and their use in cardiac tissue therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:693-714. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases make up one of the main causes of death today, with myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease contributing a large share of the deaths reported. With mainstream clinical therapy focusing on palliative medicine following myocardial infarction, the structural changes that occur in the diseased heart will eventually lead to end-stage heart failure. Heart transplantation remains the only gold standard of cure but a shortage in donor organs pose a major problem that led to clinicians and researchers looking into alternative strategies for cardiac repair. This review will examine some alternative methods of treatment using chemokines and drugs carried by nanoparticles as drug delivering agents for the purposes of treating myocardial infarction through the promotion of revascularization. We will also provide an overview of existing studies involving such nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, their reported efficacy and the challenges facing their translation into ubiquitous clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teck Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Barbara Poinard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #07–25, Singapore 117575
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
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29
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Bock N, Dargaville TR, Kirby GTS, Hutmacher DW, Woodruff MA. Growth Factor-Loaded Microparticles for Tissue Engineering: The Discrepancies of In Vitro Characterization Assays. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:142-154. [PMID: 26654547 PMCID: PMC4744875 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and effective growth factor (GF) delivery is an ongoing challenge for tissue regeneration therapies. The accurate quantification of complex molecules such as GFs, encapsulated in polymeric delivery devices, is equally critical and just as complex as achieving efficient delivery of active GFs. In this study, GFs relevant to bone tissue formation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), were encapsulated, using the technique of electrospraying, into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles that contained poly(ethylene glycol) and trehalose to assist GF bioactivity. Typical quantification procedures, such as extraction and release assays using saline buffer, generated a significant degree of GF interactions, which impaired accurate assessment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When both dry BMP-7 and VEGF were processed with chloroform, as is the case during the electrospraying process, reduced concentrations of the GFs were detected by ELISA; however, the biological effect on myoblast cells (C2C12) or endothelial cells (HUVECs) was unaffected. When electrosprayed particles containing BMP-7 were cultured with preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), significant cell differentiation into osteoblasts was observed up to 3 weeks in culture, as assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, this study showed how electrosprayed microparticles ensured efficient delivery of fully active GFs relevant to bone tissue engineering. Critically, it also highlights major discrepancies in quantifying GFs in polymeric microparticle systems when comparing ELISA with cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Science Discipline, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Biomaterials and Tissue Morphology Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Tim R. Dargaville
- Nanotechnology and Molecular Science Discipline, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Giles T. S. Kirby
- Biomaterials and Tissue Morphology Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Maria A. Woodruff
- Biomaterials and Tissue Morphology Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Pagels RF, Prud'homme RK. Polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles for the delivery of peptides, biologics, and soluble therapeutics. J Control Release 2015; 219:519-535. [PMID: 26359125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biologically derived therapeutics, or biologics, are the most rapidly growing segment of the pharmaceutical marketplace. However, there are still unmet needs in improving the delivery of biologics. Injectable polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles capable of releasing proteins and peptides over time periods as long as weeks or months have been a major focus in the effort to decrease the frequency of administration. These particle systems fit broadly into two categories: those composed of hydrophilic and those composed of hydrophobic polymeric scaffolds. Here we review the factors that contribute to the slow and controlled release from each class of particle, as well as the effects of synthesis parameters and product design on the loading, encapsulation efficiency, biologic integrity, and release profile. Generally, hydrophilic scaffolds are ideal for large proteins while hydrophobic scaffolds are more appropriate for smaller biologics without secondary structure. Here we also introduce a Flash NanoPrecipitation method that has been adopted for encapsulating biologics in nanoparticles (40-200nm) at high loadings (50-75wt.%) and high encapsulation efficiencies. The hydrophilic gel interior and hydrophobic shell provide an opportunity to combine the best of both classes of injectable polymeric depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Pagels
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Robert K Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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Chung HJ, Kim JT, Kim HJ, Kyung HW, Katila P, Lee JH, Yang TH, Yang YI, Lee SJ. Epicardial delivery of VEGF and cardiac stem cells guided by 3-dimensional PLLA mat enhancing cardiac regeneration and angiogenesis in acute myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2015; 205:218-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Wanning S, Süverkrüp R, Lamprecht A. Pharmaceutical spray freeze drying. Int J Pharm 2015; 488:136-53. [PMID: 25900097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical spray-freeze drying (SFD) includes a heterogeneous set of technologies with primary applications in apparent solubility enhancement, pulmonary drug delivery, intradermal ballistic administration and delivery of vaccines to the nasal mucosa. The methods comprise of three steps: droplet generation, freezing and sublimation drying, which can be matched to the requirements given by the dosage form and route of administration. The objectives, various methods and physicochemical and pharmacological outcomes have been reviewed with a scope including related fields of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wanning
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Süverkrüp
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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Izadifar M, Haddadi A, Chen X, Kelly ME. Rate-programming of nano-particulate delivery systems for smart bioactive scaffolds in tissue engineering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:012001. [PMID: 25474543 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of smart bioactive scaffolds is of importance in tissue engineering, where cell proliferation, differentiation and migration within scaffolds can be regulated by the interactions between cells and scaffold through the use of growth factors (GFs) and extra cellular matrix peptides. One challenge in this area is to spatiotemporally control the dose, sequence and profile of release of GFs so as to regulate cellular fates during tissue regeneration. This challenge would be addressed by rate-programming of nano-particulate delivery systems, where the release of GFs via polymeric nanoparticles is controlled by means of the methods of, such as externally-controlled and physicochemically/architecturally-modulated so as to mimic the profile of physiological GFs. Identifying and understanding such factors as the desired release profiles, mechanisms of release, physicochemical characteristics of polymeric nanoparticles, and externally-triggering stimuli are essential for designing and optimizing such delivery systems. This review surveys the recent studies on the desired release profiles of GFs in various tissue engineering applications, elucidates the major release mechanisms and critical factors affecting release profiles, and overviews the role played by the mathematical models for optimizing nano-particulate delivery systems. Potentials of stimuli responsive nanoparticles for spatiotemporal control of GF release are also presented, along with the recent advances in strategies for spatiotemporal control of GF delivery within tissue engineered scaffolds. The recommendation for the future studies to overcome challenges for developing sophisticated particulate delivery systems in tissue engineering is discussed prior to the presentation of conclusions drawn from this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 57 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada
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Carenza E, Jordan O, Martínez-San Segundo P, Jiřík R, Starčuk jr Z, Borchard G, Rosell A, Roig A. Encapsulation of VEGF165into magnetic PLGA nanocapsules for potential local delivery and bioactivity in human brain endothelial cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2538-2544. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
New drug delivery systems based on biodegradable magnetic nanocapsules for targeted delivery of pro-angiogenic proteins, potentially useful in therapeutic angiogenesis, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Carenza
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus de la UAB
- 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona)
- Spain
| | - O. Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- 1205 Genève
- Switzerland
| | - P. Martínez-San Segundo
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 119-129 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - R. Jiřík
- Institute of Scientific Instruments
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 612 64 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Z. Starčuk jr
- Institute of Scientific Instruments
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 612 64 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - G. Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- 1205 Genève
- Switzerland
| | - A. Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 119-129 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - A. Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus de la UAB
- 08193 Bellaterra(Barcelona)
- Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins are effective biotherapeutics with applications in diverse ailments. Despite being specific and potent, their full clinical potential has not yet been realized. This can be attributed to short half-lives, complex structures, poor in vivo stability, low permeability, frequent parenteral administrations and poor adherence to treatment in chronic diseases. A sustained release system, providing controlled release of proteins, may overcome many of these limitations. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on recent development in approaches, especially polymer-based formulations, which can provide therapeutic levels of proteins over extended periods. Advances in particulate, gel-based formulations and novel approaches for extended protein delivery are discussed. Emphasis is placed on dosage form, method of preparation, mechanism of release and stability of biotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Substantial advancements have been made in the field of extended protein delivery via various polymer-based formulations over last decade despite the unique delivery-related challenges posed by protein biologics. A number of injectable sustained-release formulations have reached market. However, therapeutic application of proteins is still hampered by delivery-related issues. A large number of protein molecules are under clinical trials, and hence, there is an urgent need to develop new methods to deliver these highly potent biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vaishya
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kansas City, MO , USA
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Yamamoto M, Rafii S, Rabbany SY. Scaffold biomaterials for nano-pathophysiology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:104-14. [PMID: 24075835 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review is intended to provide an overview of tissue engineering strategies using scaffold biomaterials to develop a vascularized tissue engineered construct for nano-pathophysiology. Two primary topics are discussed. The first is the biological or synthetic microenvironments that regulate cell behaviors in pathological conditions and tissue regeneration. Second is the use of scaffold biomaterials with angiogenic factors and/or cells to realize vascularized tissue engineered constructs for nano-pathophysiology. These topics are significantly overlapped in terms of three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of cells and blood vessels. Therefore, this review focuses on neovascularization of 3-D scaffold biomaterials induced by angiogenic factors and/or cells. The novel strategy of this approach in nano-pathophysiology is to utilize the vascularized tissue engineered construct as a tissue model to predict the distribution and subsequent therapeutic efficacy of a drug delivery system with different physicochemical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; Bioengineering Program, Hofstra University, 110 Weed Hall, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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37
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Gelatin-based hydrogel for vascular endothelial growth factor release in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:459-470. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hwang H, Kwon J, Oh PS, Lee TK, Na KS, Lee CM, Jeong HS, Lim ST, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Peptide-loaded nanoparticles and radionuclide imaging for individualized treatment of myocardial ischemia. Radiology 2014; 273:160-7. [PMID: 24927328 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14132942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether chitosan hydrogel nanoparticles loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) peptides (81-91 fragments) capable of targeting the ischemic myocardium enhance angiogenesis and promote therapeutic effects and whether radionuclide image-guided dosage control is feasible. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Rats (n = 32, eight per group) were subjected to myocardial ischemia (control group) and received chitosan hydrogel nanoparticles with VEGF165 proteins (chitosan VEGF) or VEGF81-91 peptides (chitosan peptides) via apical puncture. Ischemic hearts receiving chitosan without angiogenic factors served as the chitosan control. Myocardial perfusion was examined 7 days after surgery by using technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) tetrofosmin (37 MBq) autoradiography, and changes in vascular density with immunohistochemical staining were reviewed. Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney U test were used for multiple comparisons. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare myocardial retention of (99m)Tc chitosan. RESULTS Thirty minutes of myocardial ischemia resulted in perfusion defects (median, 54%; interquartile range [IQR], 41%-62%). Chitosan VEGF decreased perfusion defect extent (median, 68%; IQR, 63%-73%; P = .006 vs control) and increased vascular density (median, 81 vessels per high-power field; IQR, 72-100; P = .009 vs control). Administration of chitosan peptides reduced the degree of perfusion defects (median, 66%; IQR, 62%-73%; P = .006 vs control) and increased vascular density (median, 82 vessels; IQR, 78-92; P = .006 vs control). The effects of chitosan peptides on perfusion and vascular density were comparable to those seen with chitosan VEGF proteins (P = .713 and P = .833, respectively). Chitosan radiolabeled with (99m)Tc was administered twice at reperfusion with a 1-hour interval to determine whether image-guided dosage control is feasible. The hearts initially retained 4.6% (IQR, 4.1%-5.0%) of (99m)Tc chitosan administered and 9.2% (IQR, 6.6%-12.7%; P = .068) with subsequent injection. CONCLUSION VEGF peptides have angiogenic potential and resulted in therapeutic effectiveness. Adjunct use of single photon emission computed tomography was also demonstrated for individualized treatment of myocardial ischemia by further tailoring the therapeutic dosing. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosook Hwang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 634-18 GeumAm-dong Duckjin-gu Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-803, South Korea (H.H., J.K., P.S.O., T.K.L., K.S.N., H.S.J., S.T.L., M.H.S., H.J.J.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea (C.M.L.)
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39
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Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles-loaded chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds as a localized delivery system in the bone defects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:898930. [PMID: 24949477 PMCID: PMC4037621 DOI: 10.1155/2014/898930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of tissue engineering scaffolds can be enhanced by localized delivery of appropriate biological macromolecules incorporated within biodegradable nanoparticles. In this research, chitosan/58 S-bioactive glass (58 S-BG) containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles has been prepared and then characterized. The effects of further addition of 58 S-BG on the structure of scaffolds have been investigated to optimize the characteristics of the scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. The results showed that the scaffolds had high porosity with open pores. It was also shown that the porosity decreased with increasing 58 S-BG content. Furthermore, the PLGA nanoparticles were homogenously distributed within the scaffolds. According to the obtained results, the nanocomposites could be considered as highly bioactive bone tissue engineering scaffolds with the potential of localized delivery of biological macromolecules.
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40
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Lan X, Xu M, Mao Z, Lv H, Yao Q, Tang P. Improvement in angiogenesis and osteogenesis with modified cannulated screws combined with VEGF/PLGA/fibrin glue in femoral neck fractures. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1165-1172. [PMID: 24435526 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for bone healing. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is regarded as one of the most potent antigenic cytokines; however, there have been very few studies that have previously investigated the effects of VEGF on bone healing in a femoral neck fracture model. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test both the angiogenic and osteogenic properties of a VEGF/poly-lactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) delivery system for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. VEGF/PLGA microspheres were prepared by the double emulsion solvent-evaporation method and in vitro VEGF release was quantified by an ELISA assay. Then the preparation of femoral neck fracture model and internal fixation were performed, and the effect of the VEGF/PLGA microspheres on bone healing was determined by X-ray, radionuclide bone scanning, and histomorphometric evaluation. The release of VEGF from the VEGF/PLGA microspheres was sustained for at least 42 days in vitro, and suspension of the delivery system in fibrin glue further slowed this VEGF release rate. In dogs, revascularization of the fractured femoral heads was significantly improved by a local injection of VEGF/PLGA/fibrin glue, and the quality and speed of fracture healing were significantly improved in the Experimental group than in the Control group. Our study confirmed that the VEGF/PLGA delivery system offers good angiogenic and osteogenic properties for the treatment of canine femoral neck fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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41
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Choi J, Konno T, Ishihara K. Multilayered phospholipid polymer hydrogels for releasing cell growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12989/bme.2014.1.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Babasola IO, Rooney M, Amsden BG. Corelease of bioactive VEGF and HGF from viscous liquid poly(5-ethylene ketal ε-caprolactone-co-D,L-lactide). Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4552-9. [PMID: 24188107 DOI: 10.1021/mp400361m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential of a viscous liquid injectable delivery system composed of poly(5-ethylene ketal ε-caprolactone-co-D,L-lactide) (PEKCDLLA) to release bioactive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) using an osmotic pressure release mechanism for the purpose of treating critical limb ischemia was investigated. VEGF and HGF were lyophilized separately with trehalose and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and incorporated into the polymer by simple mixing. VEGF and HGF were released by convective flow through superhydrated regions formed within the polymer as a result of the osmotic activity generated upon dissolution of the particles, along with the contributions of polymer degradation at later time points. A sustained release of highly bioactive VEGF and HGF for over 40 days with minimal burst was achieved under conditions of multidirectional delivery. The solubility of the growth factors in the concentrated trehalose solution formed upon dissolution of the particle within the polymer was determined to be a key parameter governing the rate and extent of growth factor release. This formulation approach, of using a low viscosity polymer delivery vehicle, is potentially useful for localized delivery of acid and temperature sensitive proteins, such as VEGF and HGF. This system may also serve as a platform for controlled and predictable delivery patterns for other therapeutic proteins in other clinical settings.
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43
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Engineering strategies to control vascular endothelial growth factor stability and levels in a collagen matrix for angiogenesis: the role of heparin sodium salt and the PLGA-based microsphere approach. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7389-98. [PMID: 23523534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New vessel formation is the result of the complex orchestration of various elements, such as cells, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM). In order to establish the suitable conditions for an effective cell response, the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) complexation with heparin sodium salt (Hp) on its pro-angiogenic activity has been evaluated by an in vitro capillary-like tube formation assay. VEGF with or without Hp was embedded into collagen gels, and the activated matrices were characterized in terms of VEGF activity and release kinetics. Taking into account the crucial role of Hp in VEGF stability and activity, VEGF/Hp complex was then encapsulated into microspheres based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and microsphere properties, VEGF/Hp release kinetics and VEGF in vitro activity over time were evaluated. Integrated microsphere/collagen matrices were developed in order to provide a continuous release of active VEGF/Hp inside the matrix but also a VEGF gradient at the boundary, which is an essential condition for endothelial cell attraction and scaffold invasion. The results confirmed a strong influence of Hp on VEGF configuration and, consequently, on its activity, while the encapsulation of VEGF/Hp complex in PLGA-microspheres guaranteed a sustained release of active VEGF for more than 30days. This paper confirms the importance of VEGF stability and signal presentation to cells for an effective proangiogenic activity and highlights how the combination of two stabilizing approaches, namely VEGF/Hp complexation and entrapment within PLGA-based microspheres, may be a very effective strategy to achieve this goal.
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44
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic angiogenesis is a strategy of inducing new collateral vessels and stimulating new capillaries that enhance tissue oxygen exchange in ischemic cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac ischemia, peripheral artery disease and stroke. AREAS COVERED Over the last 10 years, promising results of early clinical trials have generated great expectation on the potential of therapeutic angiogenesis. However, even if large randomized placebo-controlled and double-blinded Phase II clinical trials have confirmed the feasibility, safety and potential effectiveness of therapeutic angiogenesis, they provided very limited evidence of its efficacy in terms of clinical benefit. EXPERT OPINION Results of the latest trials on therapeutic angiogenesis have not provided satisfactory results. Much is still unknown about the optimal delivery of angiogenic factors. Trials using alternative growth factors, dose regimens and methods of delivery are needed to enhance the treatment benefit of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- University of Bari Medical School, National Cancer Institute, Giovanni Paolo II, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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45
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Formiga FR, Tamayo E, Simón-Yarza T, Pelacho B, Prósper F, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Angiogenic therapy for cardiac repair based on protein delivery systems. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:449-73. [PMID: 21979836 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the first cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries and are a major problem not only in the western nations but also in developing countries. Current standard approaches for treating patients with ischemic heart disease include angioplasty or bypass surgery. However, a large number of patients cannot be treated using these procedures. Novel curative approaches under investigation include gene, cell, and protein therapy. This review focuses on potential growth factors for cardiac repair. The role of these growth factors in the angiogenic process and the therapeutic implications are reviewed. Issues including aspects of growth factor delivery are presented in relation to protein stability, dosage, routes, and safety matters. Finally, different approaches for controlled growth factor delivery are discussed as novel protein delivery platforms for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Formiga
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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46
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Thatcher JE, Welch T, Eberhart RC, Schelly ZA, DiMaio JM. Thymosin β4 sustained release from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: synthesis and implications for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1270:112-9. [PMID: 23050826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A sustained release formulation for the therapeutic peptide thymosin β4 (Tβ4) that can be localized to the heart and reduce the concentration and frequency of dose is being explored as a means to improve its delivery in humans. This review contains concepts involved in the delivery of peptides to the heart and the synthesis of polymer microspheres for the sustained release of peptides, including Tβ4. Initial results of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres synthesized with specific tolerances for intramyocardial injection that demonstrate the encapsulation and release of Tβ4 from double-emulsion microspheres are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Thatcher
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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47
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Rychly J. Biointerface Technology. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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48
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Neovascularization in tissue engineering. Cells 2012; 1:1246-60. [PMID: 24710553 PMCID: PMC3901123 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for successful tissue engineering is adequate vascularization that would allow tissue engineering constructs to survive and grow. Angiogenic growth factors, alone and in combination, have been used to achieve this, and gene therapy has been used as a tool to enable sustained release of these angiogenic proteins. Cell-based therapy using endothelial cells and their precursors presents an alternative approach to tackling this challenge. These studies have occurred on a background of advancements in scaffold design and assays for assessing neovascularization. Finally, several studies have already attempted to translate research in neovascularization to clinical use in the blossoming field of therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Franklin-Ford T, Shah N, Leiferman E, Chamberlain CS, Raval A, Vanderby R, Murphy WL. Tracking injectable microspheres in dynamic tissues with encapsulated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1615-21. [PMID: 23124987 PMCID: PMC3746814 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trackable spheres of similar size to those typically used for sustained protein delivery are prepared by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into the core of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. The visibility of injections in static and temporally in dynamic tissue systems is demonstrated. This method improves upon other, less sensitive imaging modalities in their ability to track injectable delivery systems. The results obtained confirm the localization of microspheres to the injected target area and highlight the novelty of tracking delivery vehicles for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travelle Franklin-Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 3152 Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Nehal Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ellen Leiferman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Connie S. Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amish Raval
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 3152 Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison WI 53705, USA. Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 3152 Engineering Centers Building, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison WI 53705, USA. Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA. AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland
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50
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Said SS, Pickering JG, Mequanint K. Advances in growth factor delivery for therapeutic angiogenesis. J Vasc Res 2012; 50:35-51. [PMID: 23154615 DOI: 10.1159/000345108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is a new revascularization strategy involving the administration of growth factors to induce new vessel formation. The biology and delivery of angiogenic growth factors involved in vessel formation have been extensively studied but success in translating the angiogenic capacity of growth factors into benefits for vascular disease patients is still limited. This could be attributed to issues related to patient selection, growth factor delivery methods or lack of vessel maturation. Comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular cross-talk during the different stages of vascular development is needed for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies. The presentation of angiogenic factors either in series or in parallel using a strategy that mimics physiological events, such as concentration and spatio-temporal profiles, is an immediate requirement for functional blood vessel formation. This review provides an overview of the recent delivery strategies of angiogenic factors and discusses targeting neovascular maturation as a promising approach to induce stable and functional vessels for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S Said
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada
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